[DS-2763] Clean up JSPUI while I'm at it

dspace-jspui/src/main/java/org/dspace/app/webui/jsptag/AccessSettingTag.java

@@ -42,7 +42,7 @@ import org.dspace.eperson.service.GroupService;
 public class AccessSettingTag extends TagSupport
 {
 	/** log4j category */
-    private static Logger log = Logger.getLogger(AccessSettingTag.class);
+    private static final Logger log = Logger.getLogger(AccessSettingTag.class);
 
     /** is advanced form enabled? */
     private static final boolean advanced = ConfigurationManager.getBooleanProperty("webui.submission.restrictstep.enableAdvancedForm", false);
@@ -50,7 +50,7 @@ public class AccessSettingTag extends TagSupport
     /** Name of the restricted group */
     private static final String restrictedGroup = ConfigurationManager.getProperty("webui.submission.restrictstep.groups");
 
-    /** the SubmittionInfo */
+    /** the SubmissionInfo */
     private transient SubmissionInfo subInfo = null;
 
     /** the target DSpaceObject */
@@ -68,15 +68,18 @@ public class AccessSettingTag extends TagSupport
     /** add the policy button */
     private boolean addpolicy = false;
     
-    private AuthorizeService authorizeService = AuthorizeServiceFactory.getInstance().getAuthorizeService();
+    private final transient AuthorizeService authorizeService
+            = AuthorizeServiceFactory.getInstance().getAuthorizeService();
 
-    private GroupService groupService = EPersonServiceFactory.getInstance().getGroupService();
+    private final transient GroupService groupService
+            = EPersonServiceFactory.getInstance().getGroupService();
 
     public AccessSettingTag()
     {
         super();
     }
 
+    @Override
     public int doStartTag() throws JspException
     {
         String legend = LocaleSupport.getLocalizedMessage(pageContext, "org.dspace.app.webui.jsptag.access-setting.legend");
@@ -109,7 +112,7 @@ public class AccessSettingTag extends TagSupport
             }
             else if (rp != null)
             {
-                policies = new ArrayList<ResourcePolicy>();
+                policies = new ArrayList<>();
                 policies.add(rp);
             }
 
@@ -186,7 +189,7 @@ public class AccessSettingTag extends TagSupport
             // Embargo Date
             if (hidden)
             {
-                sb.append("<input name=\"embargo_until_date\" id=\"embargo_until_date_hidden\" type=\"hidden\" value=\"").append(startDate).append("\" />\n");;
+                sb.append("<input name=\"embargo_until_date\" id=\"embargo_until_date_hidden\" type=\"hidden\" value=\"").append(startDate).append("\" />\n");
                 sb.append("<input name=\"reason\" id=\"reason_hidden\" type=\"hidden\" value=\"").append(reason).append("\" />\n");
             }
             else
@@ -365,6 +368,7 @@ public class AccessSettingTag extends TagSupport
         return addpolicy;
     }
 
+    @Override
     public void release()
     {
         dso = null;

dspace-jspui/src/main/java/org/dspace/app/webui/jsptag/BrowseListTag.java

@@ -57,10 +57,10 @@ import org.dspace.sort.SortOption;
 public class BrowseListTag extends TagSupport
 {
 	 /** log4j category */
-    private static Logger log = Logger.getLogger(BrowseListTag.class);
+    private static final Logger log = Logger.getLogger(BrowseListTag.class);
 
     /** Items to display */
-    private transient List<Item> items;
+    private List<Item> items;
 
     /** Row to highlight, -1 for no row */
     private int highlightRow = -1;
@@ -105,11 +105,14 @@ public class BrowseListTag extends TagSupport
 
     private static final long serialVersionUID = 8091584920304256107L;
     
-    private ItemService itemService = ContentServiceFactory.getInstance().getItemService();
+    transient private final ItemService itemService
+            = ContentServiceFactory.getInstance().getItemService();
 
-    private MetadataAuthorityService metadataAuthorityService = ContentAuthorityServiceFactory.getInstance().getMetadataAuthorityService();
+    transient private final MetadataAuthorityService metadataAuthorityService
+            = ContentAuthorityServiceFactory.getInstance().getMetadataAuthorityService();
 
-    private BitstreamService bitstreamService = ContentServiceFactory.getInstance().getBitstreamService();
+    transient private final BitstreamService bitstreamService
+            = ContentServiceFactory.getInstance().getBitstreamService();
 
     static
     {
@@ -152,6 +155,7 @@ public class BrowseListTag extends TagSupport
         super();
     }
 
+    @Override
     public int doStartTag() throws JspException
     {
         JspWriter out = pageContext.getOut();
@@ -477,7 +481,7 @@ public class BrowseListTag extends TagSupport
                     // save on a null check which would make the code untidy
                     if (metadataArray == null)
                     {
-                    	metadataArray = new ArrayList<MetadataValue>();
+                    	metadataArray = new ArrayList<>();
                     }
 
                     // now prepare the content of the table division
@@ -758,6 +762,7 @@ public class BrowseListTag extends TagSupport
         emphColumn = emphColumnIn;
     }
 
+    @Override
     public void release()
     {
         highlightRow = -1;
@@ -885,12 +890,12 @@ public class BrowseListTag extends TagSupport
         		Bitstream original = thumbnail.getOriginal();
         		String link = hrq.getContextPath() + "/bitstream/" + item.getHandle() + "/" + original.getSequenceID() + "/" +
         						UIUtil.encodeBitstreamName(original.getName(), Constants.DEFAULT_ENCODING);
-        		thumbFrag.append("<a target=\"_blank\" href=\"" + link + "\" />");
+        		thumbFrag.append("<a target=\"_blank\" href=\"").append(link).append("\" />");
         	}
         	else
         	{
         		String link = hrq.getContextPath() + "/handle/" + item.getHandle();
-        		thumbFrag.append("<a href=\"" + link + "\" />");
+        		thumbFrag.append("<a href=\"").append(link).append("\" />");
         	}
 
         	Bitstream thumb = thumbnail.getThumb();

dspace-jspui/src/main/java/org/dspace/app/webui/jsptag/CollectionListTag.java

@@ -27,7 +27,7 @@ import org.dspace.content.Collection;
 public class CollectionListTag extends TagSupport
 {
     /** Collections to display */
-    private transient List<Collection> collections;
+    private List<Collection> collections;
 
     private static final long serialVersionUID = -9040013543196580904L;
     
@@ -36,6 +36,7 @@ public class CollectionListTag extends TagSupport
         super();
     }
 
+    @Override
     public int doStartTag() throws JspException
     {
         JspWriter out = pageContext.getOut();
@@ -106,6 +107,7 @@ public class CollectionListTag extends TagSupport
         collections = collectionsIn;
     }
 
+    @Override
     public void release()
     {
         collections = null;

dspace-jspui/src/main/java/org/dspace/app/webui/jsptag/CommunityListTag.java

@@ -27,7 +27,7 @@ import org.dspace.content.Community;
 public class CommunityListTag extends TagSupport
 {
     /** Communities to display */
-    private transient List<Community> communities;
+    private List<Community> communities;
 
     private static final long serialVersionUID = 5788338729470292501L;
 
@@ -36,6 +36,7 @@ public class CommunityListTag extends TagSupport
         super();
     }
 
+    @Override
     public int doStartTag() throws JspException
     {
         JspWriter out = pageContext.getOut();
@@ -106,6 +107,7 @@ public class CommunityListTag extends TagSupport
         communities = communitiesIn;
     }
 
+    @Override
     public void release()
     {
         communities = null;

dspace-jspui/src/main/java/org/dspace/app/webui/jsptag/ControlledVocabularyTag.java

@@ -32,10 +32,11 @@ import org.w3c.dom.Document;
 public class ControlledVocabularyTag extends TagSupport
 {
     // path to the jsp that outputs the results of this tag
-    private static final String CONTROLLEDVOCABULARY_JSPTAG = "/controlledvocabulary/controlledvocabularyTag.jsp";
+    private static final String CONTROLLEDVOCABULARY_JSPTAG
+            = "/controlledvocabulary/controlledvocabularyTag.jsp";
 
     // the log
-    private static Logger log = Logger.getLogger(ControlledVocabularyTag.class);
+    private static final Logger log = Logger.getLogger(ControlledVocabularyTag.class);
 
     // a tag attribute that contains the words used to trim the vocabulary tree
     private String filter;
@@ -46,12 +47,10 @@ public class ControlledVocabularyTag extends TagSupport
     // a tag attribute that specifies the vocabulary to be displayed
     private String vocabulary;
 
-    // an hashtable containing all the loaded vocabularies
-    public Map<String, Document> controlledVocabularies;
-
     /**
      * Process tag
      */
+    @Override
     public int doStartTag() throws JspException
     {
         HttpServletRequest request = (HttpServletRequest) pageContext
@@ -69,7 +68,9 @@ public class ControlledVocabularyTag extends TagSupport
                 + "vocabulary2html.xsl";
 
         // Load vocabularies on startup
-        controlledVocabularies = (Map<String, Document>) pageContext.getServletContext().getAttribute("controlledvocabulary.controlledVocabularies");
+        Map<String, Document> controlledVocabularies
+                = (Map<String, Document>) pageContext.getServletContext()
+                        .getAttribute("controlledvocabulary.controlledVocabularies");
         if (controlledVocabularies == null)
         {
             controlledVocabularies = loadControlledVocabularies(vocabulariesPath);
@@ -112,6 +113,7 @@ public class ControlledVocabularyTag extends TagSupport
     /**
      * End processing tag
      */
+    @Override
     public int doEndTag()
     {
         return EVAL_PAGE;
@@ -168,7 +170,7 @@ public class ControlledVocabularyTag extends TagSupport
      */
     private Map<String, Document> filterVocabularies(Map<String, Document> vocabularies, String vocabularyPrunningXSLT)
     {
-        Map<String, Document> prunnedVocabularies = new HashMap<String, Document>();
+        Map<String, Document> prunnedVocabularies = new HashMap<>();
         for (Map.Entry<String, Document> entry : vocabularies.entrySet())
         {
             prunnedVocabularies.put(entry.getKey(), filterVocabulary(entry.getValue(), vocabularyPrunningXSLT, getFilter()));
@@ -203,7 +205,7 @@ public class ControlledVocabularyTag extends TagSupport
         try
         {
 
-            Map<String, String> parameters = new HashMap<String, String>();
+            Map<String, String> parameters = new HashMap<>();
             parameters.put("allowMultipleSelection", allowMultipleSelection ? "yes" : "no");
             parameters.put("contextPath", contextPath);
             result = XMLUtil.transformDocumentAsString(vocabulary, parameters, controlledVocabulary2HtmlXSLT);
@@ -236,7 +238,7 @@ public class ControlledVocabularyTag extends TagSupport
 
         try
         {
-            Map<String, String> parameters = new HashMap<String, String>();
+            Map<String, String> parameters = new HashMap<>();
             parameters.put("filter", filter);
             return XMLUtil.transformDocument(vocabulary, parameters, vocabularyPrunningXSLT);
         }
@@ -259,11 +261,12 @@ public class ControlledVocabularyTag extends TagSupport
      */
     private static Map<String, Document> loadControlledVocabularies(String directory)
     {
-        Map<String, Document> controlledVocabularies = new HashMap<String, Document>();
+        Map<String, Document> controlledVocabularies = new HashMap<>();
         File dir = new File(directory);
 
         FilenameFilter filter = new FilenameFilter()
         {
+            @Override
             public boolean accept(File dir, String name)
             {
                 return name.endsWith(".xml");

dspace-jspui/src/main/java/org/dspace/app/webui/jsptag/ItemListTag.java

@@ -55,10 +55,10 @@ import org.dspace.sort.SortOption;
  */
 public class ItemListTag extends TagSupport
 {
-    private static Logger log = Logger.getLogger(ItemListTag.class);
+    private static final Logger log = Logger.getLogger(ItemListTag.class);
 
     /** Items to display */
-    private transient List<Item> items;
+    private List<Item> items;
 
     /** Row to highlight, -1 for no row */
     private int highlightRow = -1;
@@ -101,13 +101,16 @@ public class ItemListTag extends TagSupport
 
     private transient SortOption sortOption = null;
     
-    private ItemService itemService = ContentServiceFactory.getInstance().getItemService();
+    private final transient ItemService itemService
+            = ContentServiceFactory.getInstance().getItemService();
 
     private static final long serialVersionUID = 348762897199116432L;
     
-    private MetadataAuthorityService metadataAuthorityService = ContentAuthorityServiceFactory.getInstance().getMetadataAuthorityService();
+    private final transient MetadataAuthorityService metadataAuthorityService
+            = ContentAuthorityServiceFactory.getInstance().getMetadataAuthorityService();
 
-    private BitstreamService bitstreamService = ContentServiceFactory.getInstance().getBitstreamService();
+    private final transient BitstreamService bitstreamService
+            = ContentServiceFactory.getInstance().getBitstreamService();
 
     static
     {
@@ -149,6 +152,7 @@ public class ItemListTag extends TagSupport
         super();
     }
 
+    @Override
     public int doStartTag() throws JspException
     {
         JspWriter out = pageContext.getOut();
@@ -430,7 +434,7 @@ public class ItemListTag extends TagSupport
                     // save on a null check which would make the code untidy
                     if (metadataArray == null)
                     {
-                        metadataArray = new ArrayList<MetadataValue>();
+                        metadataArray = new ArrayList<>();
                     }
 
                     // now prepare the content of the table division
@@ -726,6 +730,7 @@ public class ItemListTag extends TagSupport
         emphColumn = emphColumnIn;
     }
 
+    @Override
     public void release()
     {
         highlightRow = -1;

dspace-jspui/src/main/java/org/dspace/app/webui/jsptag/ItemPreviewTag.java

@@ -37,17 +37,19 @@ import org.dspace.core.Constants;
 public class ItemPreviewTag extends TagSupport
 {
     /** Item to display */
-    private transient Item item;
+    private Item item;
 
     private static final long serialVersionUID = -5535762797556685631L;
     
-    private ItemService itemService = ContentServiceFactory.getInstance().getItemService();
+    private final transient ItemService itemService
+            = ContentServiceFactory.getInstance().getItemService();
 
     public ItemPreviewTag()
     {
         super();
     }
 
+    @Override
     public int doStartTag() throws JspException
     {
     	if (!ConfigurationManager.getBooleanProperty("webui.preview.enabled"))
@@ -124,6 +126,7 @@ public class ItemPreviewTag extends TagSupport
         }     
     }
 
+    @Override
     public void release()
     {
         item = null;

dspace-jspui/src/main/java/org/dspace/app/webui/jsptag/ItemTag.java

@@ -26,7 +26,6 @@ import javax.servlet.jsp.JspWriter;
 import javax.servlet.jsp.jstl.fmt.LocaleSupport;
 import javax.servlet.jsp.tagext.TagSupport;
 
-import org.apache.commons.lang.ArrayUtils;
 import org.apache.log4j.Logger;
 import org.dspace.app.util.DCInputsReaderException;
 import org.dspace.app.util.Util;
@@ -194,10 +193,10 @@ public class ItemTag extends TagSupport
     private static final String DOI_DEFAULT_BASEURL = "http://dx.doi.org/";
 
     /** Item to display */
-    private transient Item item;
+    private Item item;
 
     /** Collections this item appears in */
-    private transient List<Collection> collections;
+    private List<Collection> collections;
 
     /** The style to use - "default" or "full" */
     private String style;
@@ -206,38 +205,45 @@ public class ItemTag extends TagSupport
     private boolean showThumbs;
 
     /** Default DC fields to display, in absence of configuration */
-    private static String defaultFields = "dc.title, dc.title.alternative, dc.contributor.*, dc.subject, dc.date.issued(date), dc.publisher, dc.identifier.citation, dc.relation.ispartofseries, dc.description.abstract, dc.description, dc.identifier.govdoc, dc.identifier.uri(link), dc.identifier.isbn, dc.identifier.issn, dc.identifier.ismn, dc.identifier";
+    private static final String defaultFields
+            = "dc.title, dc.title.alternative, dc.contributor.*, dc.subject, dc.date.issued(date), dc.publisher, dc.identifier.citation, dc.relation.ispartofseries, dc.description.abstract, dc.description, dc.identifier.govdoc, dc.identifier.uri(link), dc.identifier.isbn, dc.identifier.issn, dc.identifier.ismn, dc.identifier";
 
     /** log4j logger */
-    private static Logger log = Logger.getLogger(ItemTag.class);
+    private static final Logger log = Logger.getLogger(ItemTag.class);
 
-    private StyleSelection styleSelection = (StyleSelection) PluginManager.getSinglePlugin(StyleSelection.class);
+    private final transient StyleSelection styleSelection
+            = (StyleSelection) PluginManager.getSinglePlugin(StyleSelection.class);
     
     /** Hashmap of linked metadata to browse, from dspace.cfg */
-    private static Map<String,String> linkedMetadata;
+    private static final Map<String,String> linkedMetadata;
     
     /** Hashmap of urn base url resolver, from dspace.cfg */
-    private static Map<String,String> urn2baseurl;
+    private static final Map<String,String> urn2baseurl;
     
     /** regex pattern to capture the style of a field, ie <code>schema.element.qualifier(style)</code> */
-    private Pattern fieldStylePatter = Pattern.compile(".*\\((.*)\\)");
+    private final Pattern fieldStylePatter = Pattern.compile(".*\\((.*)\\)");
 
     private static final long serialVersionUID = -3841266490729417240L;
     
-    private MetadataExposureService metadataExposureService = UtilServiceFactory.getInstance().getMetadataExposureService();
+    private final transient MetadataExposureService metadataExposureService
+            = UtilServiceFactory.getInstance().getMetadataExposureService();
 
-    private ItemService itemService = ContentServiceFactory.getInstance().getItemService();
+    private final transient ItemService itemService
+            = ContentServiceFactory.getInstance().getItemService();
 
-    private MetadataAuthorityService metadataAuthorityService = ContentAuthorityServiceFactory.getInstance().getMetadataAuthorityService();
+    private final transient MetadataAuthorityService metadataAuthorityService
+            = ContentAuthorityServiceFactory.getInstance().getMetadataAuthorityService();
 
-    private BundleService bundleService = ContentServiceFactory.getInstance().getBundleService();
+    private final transient BundleService bundleService
+            = ContentServiceFactory.getInstance().getBundleService();
 
-    private AuthorizeService authorizeService = AuthorizeServiceFactory.getInstance().getAuthorizeService();
+    private final transient AuthorizeService authorizeService
+            = AuthorizeServiceFactory.getInstance().getAuthorizeService();
 
     static {
         int i;
 
-        linkedMetadata = new HashMap<String, String>();
+        linkedMetadata = new HashMap<>();
         String linkMetadata;
 
         i = 1;
@@ -253,7 +259,7 @@ public class ItemTag extends TagSupport
             i++;
         } while (linkMetadata != null);
 
-        urn2baseurl = new HashMap<String, String>();
+        urn2baseurl = new HashMap<>();
 
         String urn;
         i = 1;
@@ -287,6 +293,7 @@ public class ItemTag extends TagSupport
         getThumbSettings();
     }
 
+    @Override
     public int doStartTag() throws JspException
     {
         try
@@ -385,6 +392,7 @@ public class ItemTag extends TagSupport
         style = styleIn;
     }
 
+    @Override
     public void release()
     {
         style = "default";
@@ -517,7 +525,7 @@ public class ItemTag extends TagSupport
                 
                 //If the values are in controlled vocabulary and the display value should be shown
                 if (isDisplay){
-                    List<String> displayValues = new ArrayList<String>();
+                    List<String> displayValues = new ArrayList<>();
                    
 
                     displayValues = Util.getControlledVocabulariesDisplayValueLocalized(item, values, schema, element, qualifier, sessionLocale);
@@ -585,7 +593,7 @@ public class ItemTag extends TagSupport
                             else
                             {
                                 String foundUrn = null;
-                                if (!style.equals("resolver"))
+                                if (!"resolver".equals(style))
                                 {
                                     foundUrn = style;
                                 }

dspace-jspui/src/main/java/org/dspace/app/webui/jsptag/PoliciesListTag.java

@@ -30,19 +30,21 @@ import org.dspace.authorize.service.ResourcePolicyService;
 public class PoliciesListTag extends TagSupport
 {
 	/** log4j category */
-    private static Logger log = Logger.getLogger(PoliciesListTag.class);
+    private static final Logger log = Logger.getLogger(PoliciesListTag.class);
 
     /** Groups to make options list */
     private transient List<ResourcePolicy> policies = null;
-    private transient boolean showButton = true;
+    private boolean showButton = true;
     
-    private ResourcePolicyService policyService = AuthorizeServiceFactory.getInstance().getResourcePolicyService();
+    private final transient ResourcePolicyService policyService
+            = AuthorizeServiceFactory.getInstance().getResourcePolicyService();
 
     public PoliciesListTag()
     {
         super();
     }
 
+    @Override
     public int doStartTag() throws JspException
     {
         String label_name = LocaleSupport.getLocalizedMessage(pageContext, "org.dspace.app.webui.jsptag.policies-list.label_name");
@@ -137,6 +139,7 @@ public class PoliciesListTag extends TagSupport
     }
 
 
+    @Override
     public void release()
     {
         policies = null;

dspace-jspui/src/main/java/org/dspace/app/webui/jsptag/SFXLinkTag.java

@@ -30,21 +30,23 @@ public class SFXLinkTag extends TagSupport
 {
     /** Item to display SFX link for */
 
-    private transient Item item;
+    private Item item;
 
     /** The fully qualified pathname of the SFX  XML file */
-    private String sfxFile = ConfigurationManager.getProperty("dspace.dir") + File.separator
+    private final String sfxFile = ConfigurationManager.getProperty("dspace.dir") + File.separator
     				+ "config" + File.separator + "sfx.xml";
 
     private static final long serialVersionUID = 7028793612957710128L;
 
-    private SFXFileReaderService sfxFileReaderService = SfxServiceFactory.getInstance().getSfxFileReaderService();
+    private final transient SFXFileReaderService sfxFileReaderService
+            = SfxServiceFactory.getInstance().getSfxFileReaderService();
     
     public SFXLinkTag()
     {
         super();
     }
 
+    @Override
     public int doStartTag() throws JspException
     {
         try

dspace-jspui/src/main/java/org/dspace/app/webui/jsptag/SelectEPersonTag.java

@@ -47,7 +47,7 @@ public class SelectEPersonTag extends TagSupport
     private boolean multiple;
 
     /** Which eperson/epeople are initially in the list? */
-    private transient EPerson[] epeople;
+    private EPerson[] epeople;
 
     private static final long serialVersionUID = -7323789442034590853L;
 

dspace-jspui/src/main/java/org/dspace/app/webui/jsptag/SelectGroupTag.java

@@ -42,7 +42,7 @@ public class SelectGroupTag extends TagSupport
 	private boolean multiple;
 	
 	/** Which groups are initially in the list? */
-	private transient Group[] groups;
+	private Group[] groups;
 
     private static final long serialVersionUID = -3330389128849427302L; 
 
@@ -89,6 +89,7 @@ public class SelectGroupTag extends TagSupport
 	}
 
 	
+    @Override
 	public void release()
 	{
 		multiple = false;
@@ -96,6 +97,7 @@ public class SelectGroupTag extends TagSupport
 	}
 
 
+    @Override
 	public int doStartTag()
 		throws JspException
 	{

dspace-jspui/src/main/java/org/dspace/app/webui/servlet/AdvancedSearchServlet.java

@@ -29,12 +29,12 @@ import org.dspace.core.PluginManager;
  */
 public class AdvancedSearchServlet extends DSpaceServlet
 {
-    private SearchRequestProcessor internalLogic;
+    private transient SearchRequestProcessor internalLogic;
 
     /** log4j category */
-    private static Logger log = Logger.getLogger(AdvancedSearchServlet.class);
+    private static final Logger log = Logger.getLogger(AdvancedSearchServlet.class);
 
-    public void init()
+    public AdvancedSearchServlet()
     {
         try
         {
@@ -44,7 +44,7 @@ public class AdvancedSearchServlet extends DSpaceServlet
         catch (PluginConfigurationError e)
         {
             log.warn(
-                    "AdvancedSearchServlet not properly configurated, please configure the SearchRequestProcessor plugin",
+                    "AdvancedSearchServlet not properly configured -- please configure the SearchRequestProcessor plugin",
                     e);
         }
         if (internalLogic == null)
@@ -53,6 +53,7 @@ public class AdvancedSearchServlet extends DSpaceServlet
         }
     }
 
+    @Override
     protected void doDSGet(Context context, HttpServletRequest request,
             HttpServletResponse response) throws ServletException, IOException,
             SQLException, AuthorizeException

dspace-jspui/src/main/java/org/dspace/app/webui/servlet/AuthorityChooseServlet.java

@@ -5,9 +5,6 @@
  *
  * http://www.dspace.org/license/
  */
-/*
- *
- */
 
 package org.dspace.app.webui.servlet;
 
@@ -28,7 +25,6 @@ import org.dspace.content.authority.Choices;
 import org.dspace.content.authority.ChoicesXMLGenerator;
 import org.dspace.content.authority.factory.ContentAuthorityServiceFactory;
 import org.dspace.content.authority.service.ChoiceAuthorityService;
-import org.dspace.content.authority.service.MetadataAuthorityService;
 import org.dspace.content.factory.ContentServiceFactory;
 import org.dspace.content.service.CollectionService;
 import org.dspace.core.Context;
@@ -38,23 +34,17 @@ import org.apache.xml.serializer.Serializer;
 import org.apache.xml.serializer.OutputPropertiesFactory;
 import org.apache.xml.serializer.Method;
 
-
-
 /**
  *
  * @author bollini
  */
 public class AuthorityChooseServlet extends DSpaceServlet {
-	private ChoiceAuthorityService choiceAuthorityService;
+	private final transient ChoiceAuthorityService choiceAuthorityService
+             = ContentAuthorityServiceFactory.getInstance().getChoiceAuthorityService();
 	
-	private CollectionService collectionService;
+	private final transient CollectionService collectionService
+             = ContentServiceFactory.getInstance().getCollectionService();
 
-	@Override
-	public void init() throws ServletException {
-		super.init();
-		choiceAuthorityService = ContentAuthorityServiceFactory.getInstance().getChoiceAuthorityService();
-		collectionService = ContentServiceFactory.getInstance().getCollectionService();
-	}
     @Override
     protected void doDSGet(Context context, HttpServletRequest request, HttpServletResponse response) throws ServletException, IOException, SQLException, AuthorizeException {
         process(context, request, response);

dspace-jspui/src/main/java/org/dspace/app/webui/servlet/BatchImportServlet.java

@@ -43,19 +43,14 @@ import org.dspace.utils.DSpace;
 public class BatchImportServlet extends DSpaceServlet
 {
     /** log4j category */
-    private static Logger log = Logger.getLogger(BatchImportServlet.class);
+    private static final Logger log = Logger.getLogger(BatchImportServlet.class);
     
-    private CollectionService collectionService;
+    private final transient CollectionService collectionService
+             = ContentServiceFactory.getInstance().getCollectionService();
 
-    private ItemImportService itemImportService;
+    private final transient ItemImportService itemImportService
+             = ItemImportServiceFactory.getInstance().getItemImportService();
     
-    @Override
-    public void init() throws ServletException {
-    	super.init();
-    	collectionService = ContentServiceFactory.getInstance().getCollectionService();
-    	itemImportService = ItemImportServiceFactory.getInstance().getItemImportService();
-    	
-    }
     /**
      * Respond to a post request for metadata bulk importing via csv
      *
@@ -68,6 +63,7 @@ public class BatchImportServlet extends DSpaceServlet
      * @throws SQLException
      * @throws AuthorizeException
      */
+    @Override
     protected void doDSPost(Context context, HttpServletRequest request,
             HttpServletResponse response) throws ServletException, IOException,
             SQLException, AuthorizeException
@@ -93,7 +89,7 @@ public class BatchImportServlet extends DSpaceServlet
     	    	List<Collection> collections = null;
     	    	String colIdS = wrapper.getParameter("colId");
     	    	if (colIdS!=null){
-    	    		collections = new ArrayList<Collection>();
+    	    		collections = new ArrayList<>();
     	    		collections.add(collectionService.findByIdOrLegacyId(context, colIdS));
 
     	    	}
@@ -257,6 +253,7 @@ public class BatchImportServlet extends DSpaceServlet
      * @throws SQLException
      * @throws AuthorizeException
      */
+    @Override
     protected void doDSGet(Context context, HttpServletRequest request,
             HttpServletResponse response) throws ServletException, IOException,
             SQLException, AuthorizeException
@@ -265,7 +262,7 @@ public class BatchImportServlet extends DSpaceServlet
 		List<Collection> collections = null;
 		String colIdS = request.getParameter("colId");
 		if (colIdS!=null){
-			collections = new ArrayList<Collection>();
+			collections = new ArrayList<>();
 			collections.add(collectionService.findByIdOrLegacyId(context, colIdS));
 
 		}
@@ -305,7 +302,7 @@ public class BatchImportServlet extends DSpaceServlet
     protected List<String> getRepeatedParameter(HttpServletRequest request,
             String metadataField, String param)
     {
-        List<String> vals = new LinkedList<String>();
+        List<String> vals = new LinkedList<>();
 
         int i = 1;    //start index at the first of the previously entered values
         boolean foundLast = false;

dspace-jspui/src/main/java/org/dspace/app/webui/servlet/BitstreamServlet.java

@@ -32,7 +32,6 @@ import org.dspace.core.Constants;
 import org.dspace.core.Context;
 import org.dspace.core.LogManager;
 import org.dspace.core.Utils;
-import org.dspace.handle.HandleServiceImpl;
 import org.dspace.handle.factory.HandleServiceFactory;
 import org.dspace.handle.service.HandleService;
 import org.dspace.usage.UsageEvent;
@@ -51,7 +50,7 @@ import org.dspace.utils.DSpace;
 public class BitstreamServlet extends DSpaceServlet
 {
     /** log4j category */
-    private static Logger log = Logger.getLogger(BitstreamServlet.class);
+    private static final Logger log = Logger.getLogger(BitstreamServlet.class);
 
     /**
      * Threshold on Bitstream size before content-disposition will be set.
@@ -59,17 +58,17 @@ public class BitstreamServlet extends DSpaceServlet
     private int threshold;
     
     // services API
-    private HandleService handleService;
+    private final transient HandleService handleService
+             = HandleServiceFactory.getInstance().getHandleService();
     
-    private BitstreamService bitstreamService;
+    private final transient BitstreamService bitstreamService
+             = ContentServiceFactory.getInstance().getBitstreamService();
     
     @Override
 	public void init(ServletConfig arg0) throws ServletException {
 		super.init(arg0);
 		threshold = ConfigurationManager
 				.getIntProperty("webui.content_disposition_threshold");
-        handleService = HandleServiceFactory.getInstance().getHandleService();
-        bitstreamService = ContentServiceFactory.getInstance().getBitstreamService(); 
 	}
 
     @Override

dspace-jspui/src/main/java/org/dspace/app/webui/servlet/CommunityListServlet.java

@@ -23,13 +23,9 @@ import org.dspace.authorize.AuthorizeException;
 import org.dspace.content.Collection;
 import org.dspace.content.Community;
 import org.dspace.content.factory.ContentServiceFactory;
-import org.dspace.content.service.CollectionService;
 import org.dspace.content.service.CommunityService;
-import org.dspace.content.service.ItemService;
 import org.dspace.core.Context;
 import org.dspace.core.LogManager;
-import org.dspace.eperson.service.SubscribeService;
-import org.dspace.handle.service.HandleService;
 
 /**
  * Servlet for listing communities (and collections within them)
@@ -40,20 +36,13 @@ import org.dspace.handle.service.HandleService;
 public class CommunityListServlet extends DSpaceServlet
 {
     /** log4j category */
-    private static Logger log = Logger.getLogger(CommunityListServlet.class);
+    private static final Logger log = Logger.getLogger(CommunityListServlet.class);
 
     // services API
-    private CommunityService communityService;
+    private final transient CommunityService communityService
-    
+             = ContentServiceFactory.getInstance().getCommunityService();
-    private CollectionService collectionService;
     
     @Override
-    public void init() throws ServletException {
-    	super.init();
-    	communityService = ContentServiceFactory.getInstance().getCommunityService();
-        collectionService = ContentServiceFactory.getInstance().getCollectionService();
-    }
-    
     protected void doDSGet(Context context, HttpServletRequest request,
             HttpServletResponse response) throws ServletException, IOException,
             SQLException, AuthorizeException
@@ -64,8 +53,8 @@ public class CommunityListServlet extends DSpaceServlet
         // This will map communityIDs to arrays of sub-communities
         Map<String, List<Community>> commMap;
 
-        colMap = new HashMap<String, List<Collection>>();
+        colMap = new HashMap<>();
-        commMap = new HashMap<String, List<Community>>();
+        commMap = new HashMap<>();
 
         log.info(LogManager.getHeader(context, "view_community_list", ""));
 

dspace-jspui/src/main/java/org/dspace/app/webui/servlet/ControlledVocabularySearchServlet.java

@@ -45,7 +45,7 @@ import org.dspace.search.QueryResults;
 public class ControlledVocabularySearchServlet extends DSpaceServlet
 {
     // the log
-    private static Logger log = Logger
+    private static final Logger log = Logger
             .getLogger(ControlledVocabularySearchServlet.class);
 
     // the jsp that displays the HTML version of controlled-vocabulary
@@ -54,19 +54,16 @@ public class ControlledVocabularySearchServlet extends DSpaceServlet
     // the jsp that will show the search results
     private static final String RESULTS_JSP = "/controlledvocabulary/results.jsp";
 
-    private HandleService handleService;
+    private final transient HandleService handleService
+             = HandleServiceFactory.getInstance().getHandleService();
     
-    private CommunityService communityService;
+    private final transient CommunityService communityService
+             = ContentServiceFactory.getInstance().getCommunityService();
     
-    @Override
-    public void init() throws ServletException {
-    	super.init();
-    	handleService = HandleServiceFactory.getInstance().getHandleService(); 
-        communityService = ContentServiceFactory.getInstance().getCommunityService();
-    }
     /**
      * Handles requests
      */
+    @Override
     protected void doDSGet(Context context, HttpServletRequest request,
             HttpServletResponse response) throws ServletException, IOException,
             SQLException, AuthorizeException
@@ -104,7 +101,7 @@ public class ControlledVocabularySearchServlet extends DSpaceServlet
      */
     private List<String> extractKeywords(HttpServletRequest request)
     {
-        List<String> keywords = new ArrayList<String>();
+        List<String> keywords = new ArrayList<>();
         Enumeration enumeration = request.getParameterNames();
         while (enumeration.hasMoreElements())
         {
@@ -143,9 +140,9 @@ public class ControlledVocabularySearchServlet extends DSpaceServlet
             start = 0;
         }
 
-        List<String> itemHandles = new ArrayList<String>();
+        List<String> itemHandles = new ArrayList<>();
-        List<String> collectionHandles = new ArrayList<String>();
+        List<String> collectionHandles = new ArrayList<>();
-        List<String> communityHandles = new ArrayList<String>();
+        List<String> communityHandles = new ArrayList<>();
 
         Item[] resultsItems;
         Collection[] resultsCollections;
@@ -219,7 +216,7 @@ public class ControlledVocabularySearchServlet extends DSpaceServlet
             Integer myType = qResults.getHitTypes().get(i);
 
             // add the handle to the appropriate lists
-            switch (myType.intValue())
+            switch (myType)
             {
             case Constants.ITEM:
                 itemHandles.add(myHandle);
@@ -317,10 +314,10 @@ public class ControlledVocabularySearchServlet extends DSpaceServlet
         request.setAttribute("communities", resultsCommunities);
         request.setAttribute("collections", resultsCollections);
 
-        request.setAttribute("pagetotal", Integer.valueOf(pageTotal));
+        request.setAttribute("pagetotal", pageTotal);
-        request.setAttribute("pagecurrent", Integer.valueOf(pageCurrent));
+        request.setAttribute("pagecurrent", pageCurrent);
-        request.setAttribute("pagelast", Integer.valueOf(pageLast));
+        request.setAttribute("pagelast", pageLast);
-        request.setAttribute("pagefirst", Integer.valueOf(pageFirst));
+        request.setAttribute("pagefirst", pageFirst);
 
         request.setAttribute("queryresults", qResults);
 
@@ -358,6 +355,7 @@ public class ControlledVocabularySearchServlet extends DSpaceServlet
     /**
      * Handle posts
      */
+    @Override
     protected void doDSPost(Context context, HttpServletRequest request,
             HttpServletResponse response) throws ServletException, IOException,
             SQLException, AuthorizeException

dspace-jspui/src/main/java/org/dspace/app/webui/servlet/DSpaceServlet.java

@@ -61,22 +61,19 @@ public class DSpaceServlet extends HttpServlet
      */
 
     /** log4j category */
-    private static Logger log = Logger.getLogger(DSpaceServlet.class);
+    private static final Logger log = Logger.getLogger(DSpaceServlet.class);
 
-    protected AuthorizeService authorizeService;
+    protected transient AuthorizeService authorizeService
+             = AuthorizeServiceFactory.getInstance().getAuthorizeService();
 
     @Override
-    public void init() throws ServletException {
-    	super.init();
-        authorizeService = AuthorizeServiceFactory.getInstance().getAuthorizeService();
-    }
-    
     protected void doGet(HttpServletRequest request,
             HttpServletResponse response) throws ServletException, IOException
     {
         processRequest(request, response);
     }
 
+    @Override
     protected void doPost(HttpServletRequest request,
             HttpServletResponse response) throws ServletException, IOException
     {

dspace-jspui/src/main/java/org/dspace/app/webui/servlet/DisplayStatisticsServlet.java

@@ -43,16 +43,12 @@ import org.dspace.statistics.content.StatisticsTable;
 public class DisplayStatisticsServlet extends DSpaceServlet
 {
     /** log4j logger */
-    private static Logger log = Logger.getLogger(DisplayStatisticsServlet.class);
+    private static final Logger log = Logger.getLogger(DisplayStatisticsServlet.class);
 
-    private HandleService handleService;
+    private final transient HandleService handleService
+             = HandleServiceFactory.getInstance().getHandleService();
 
     @Override
-    public void init() throws ServletException {
-    	super.init();
-    	handleService = HandleServiceFactory.getInstance().getHandleService();
-    }
-
     protected void doDSGet(Context context, HttpServletRequest request,
             HttpServletResponse response) throws ServletException, IOException,
             SQLException, AuthorizeException
@@ -157,7 +153,6 @@ public class DisplayStatisticsServlet extends DSpaceServlet
 
 	try
         {
-
             StatisticsTable statisticsTable = new StatisticsTable(new StatisticsDataVisits(dso));
 
             statisticsTable.setTitle("Total Visits Per Month");

dspace-jspui/src/main/java/org/dspace/app/webui/servlet/EditProfileServlet.java

@@ -33,17 +33,12 @@ import org.dspace.eperson.service.EPersonService;
 public class EditProfileServlet extends DSpaceServlet
 {
     /** Logger */
-    private static Logger log = Logger.getLogger(EditProfileServlet.class);
+    private static final Logger log = Logger.getLogger(EditProfileServlet.class);
     
-    protected EPersonService personService;
+    protected transient EPersonService personService
+             = EPersonServiceFactory.getInstance().getEPersonService();
 
     @Override
-    public void init() throws ServletException {
-    	super.init();
-    	personService = EPersonServiceFactory.getInstance().getEPersonService();
-    }
-    
-
     protected void doDSGet(Context context, HttpServletRequest request,
             HttpServletResponse response) throws ServletException, IOException,
             SQLException, AuthorizeException
@@ -57,6 +52,7 @@ public class EditProfileServlet extends DSpaceServlet
         JSPManager.showJSP(request, response, "/register/edit-profile.jsp");
     }
 
+    @Override
     protected void doDSPost(Context context, HttpServletRequest request,
             HttpServletResponse response) throws ServletException, IOException,
             SQLException, AuthorizeException
@@ -99,7 +95,7 @@ public class EditProfileServlet extends DSpaceServlet
             personService.update(context, eperson);
 
             // Show confirmation
-            request.setAttribute("password.updated", Boolean.valueOf(settingPassword));
+            request.setAttribute("password.updated", settingPassword);
             JSPManager.showJSP(request, response,
                     "/register/profile-updated.jsp");
 

dspace-jspui/src/main/java/org/dspace/app/webui/servlet/FeedServlet.java

@@ -28,8 +28,6 @@ import org.apache.log4j.Logger;
 import org.dspace.app.util.SyndicationFeed;
 import org.dspace.app.webui.util.JSPManager;
 import org.dspace.authorize.AuthorizeException;
-import org.dspace.authorize.factory.AuthorizeServiceFactory;
-import org.dspace.authorize.service.AuthorizeService;
 import org.dspace.browse.BrowseEngine;
 import org.dspace.browse.BrowseException;
 import org.dspace.browse.BrowseIndex;
@@ -43,15 +41,11 @@ import org.dspace.content.Item;
 import org.dspace.content.factory.ContentServiceFactory;
 import org.dspace.content.service.CollectionService;
 import org.dspace.content.service.CommunityService;
-import org.dspace.content.service.ItemService;
 import org.dspace.core.ConfigurationManager;
 import org.dspace.core.Constants;
 import org.dspace.core.Context;
 import org.dspace.core.LogManager;
 import org.dspace.eperson.Group;
-import org.dspace.eperson.factory.EPersonServiceFactory;
-import org.dspace.eperson.service.GroupService;
-import org.dspace.eperson.service.SubscribeService;
 import org.dspace.handle.factory.HandleServiceFactory;
 import org.dspace.handle.service.HandleService;
 import org.dspace.search.Harvest;
@@ -66,7 +60,6 @@ import com.sun.syndication.io.FeedException;
  * Currently supports only RSS feed formats.
  * 
  * @author Ben Bosman, Richard Rodgers
- * @version $Revision$
  */
 public class FeedServlet extends DSpaceServlet
 {
@@ -76,9 +69,9 @@ public class FeedServlet extends DSpaceServlet
 	// one hour in milliseconds
 	private static final long HOUR_MSECS = 60 * 60 * 1000;
     /** log4j category */
-    private static Logger log = Logger.getLogger(FeedServlet.class);
+    private static final Logger log = Logger.getLogger(FeedServlet.class);
-    private String clazz = "org.dspace.app.webui.servlet.FeedServlet";
 
+    private static final String clazz = "org.dspace.app.webui.servlet.FeedServlet";
 
     // are syndication feeds enabled?
     private static boolean enabled = false;
@@ -96,17 +89,14 @@ public class FeedServlet extends DSpaceServlet
     private static boolean includeAll = true;
     
     // services API
-    private HandleService handleService; 
+    private final transient HandleService handleService
+             = HandleServiceFactory.getInstance().getHandleService();
 
-    private AuthorizeService authorizeService;
+    private final transient CommunityService communityService
+             = ContentServiceFactory.getInstance().getCommunityService();
 
-    private SubscribeService subscribeService;
+    private final transient CollectionService collectionService
-    
+             = ContentServiceFactory.getInstance().getCollectionService();
-    private ItemService itemService;
-    
-    private CommunityService communityService;
-    
-    private CollectionService collectionService;
 
     static
     {
@@ -118,7 +108,7 @@ public class FeedServlet extends DSpaceServlet
             String fmtsStr = ConfigurationManager.getProperty("webui.feed.formats");
             if ( fmtsStr != null )
             {
-                formats = new ArrayList<String>();
+                formats = new ArrayList<>();
                 String[] fmts = fmtsStr.split(",");
                 for (int i = 0; i < fmts.length; i++)
                 {
@@ -130,22 +120,13 @@ public class FeedServlet extends DSpaceServlet
             cacheSize = ConfigurationManager.getIntProperty("webui.feed.cache.size");
             if (cacheSize > 0)
             {
-                feedCache = new HashMap<String, CacheFeed>();
+                feedCache = new HashMap<>();
                 cacheAge = ConfigurationManager.getIntProperty("webui.feed.cache.age");
             }
         }
     }
 
     @Override
-    public void init() throws ServletException {
-        handleService = HandleServiceFactory.getInstance().getHandleService(); 
-        authorizeService = AuthorizeServiceFactory.getInstance().getAuthorizeService();
-        subscribeService = EPersonServiceFactory.getInstance().getSubscribeService(); 
-        itemService = ContentServiceFactory.getInstance().getItemService();
-        communityService = ContentServiceFactory.getInstance().getCommunityService();
-        collectionService = ContentServiceFactory.getInstance().getCollectionService();
-    }
-    
     protected void doDSGet(Context context, HttpServletRequest request,
             HttpServletResponse response) throws ServletException, IOException,
             SQLException, AuthorizeException
@@ -158,7 +139,7 @@ public class FeedServlet extends DSpaceServlet
         // build label map from localized Messages resource bundle
             Locale locale = request.getLocale();
         ResourceBundle msgs = ResourceBundle.getBundle("Messages", locale);
-        Map<String, String> labelMap = new HashMap<String, String>();
+        Map<String, String> labelMap = new HashMap<>();
         labelMap.put(SyndicationFeed.MSG_UNTITLED, msgs.getString(clazz + ".notitle"));
         labelMap.put(SyndicationFeed.MSG_LOGO_TITLE, msgs.getString(clazz + ".logo.title"));
         labelMap.put(SyndicationFeed.MSG_FEED_DESCRIPTION, msgs.getString(clazz + ".general-feed.description"));
@@ -354,7 +335,7 @@ public class FeedServlet extends DSpaceServlet
                     // Check to see if we can include this item
                 //Group[] authorizedGroups = AuthorizeManager.getAuthorizedGroups(context, results[i], Constants.READ);
                 //boolean added = false;
-                List<Item> items = new ArrayList<Item>();
+                List<Item> items = new ArrayList<>();
                 for (Item result : results)
                     {
                 checkAccess:

dspace-jspui/src/main/java/org/dspace/app/webui/servlet/HTMLServlet.java

@@ -59,20 +59,20 @@ import org.dspace.utils.DSpace;
 public class HTMLServlet extends DSpaceServlet
 {
     /** log4j category */
-    private static Logger log = Logger.getLogger(HTMLServlet.class);
+    private static final Logger log = Logger.getLogger(HTMLServlet.class);
 
     /**
      * Default maximum number of path elements to strip when testing if a
      * bitstream called "foo.html" should be served when "xxx/yyy/zzz/foo.html"
      * is requested.
      */
-    private int maxDepthGuess;
+    private final int maxDepthGuess;
 
-    private ItemService itemService;
+    private final transient ItemService itemService;
 
-    private HandleService handleService;
+    private final transient HandleService handleService;
 
-    private BitstreamService bitstreamService;
+    private final transient BitstreamService bitstreamService;
     
     /**
      * Create an HTML Servlet
@@ -122,6 +122,7 @@ public class HTMLServlet extends DSpaceServlet
     // On the surface it doesn't make much sense for this servlet to
     // handle POST requests, but in practice some HTML pages which
     // are actually JSP get called on with a POST, so it's needed.
+    @Override
     protected void doDSPost(Context context, HttpServletRequest request,
                 HttpServletResponse response)
         throws ServletException, IOException, SQLException, AuthorizeException
@@ -129,6 +130,7 @@ public class HTMLServlet extends DSpaceServlet
         doDSGet(context, request, response);
     }
 
+    @Override
     protected void doDSGet(Context context, HttpServletRequest request,
             HttpServletResponse response) throws ServletException, IOException,
             SQLException, AuthorizeException

dspace-jspui/src/main/java/org/dspace/app/webui/servlet/HandleServlet.java

@@ -27,8 +27,6 @@ import org.dspace.app.webui.util.Authenticate;
 import org.dspace.app.webui.util.JSPManager;
 import org.dspace.app.webui.util.UIUtil;
 import org.dspace.authorize.AuthorizeException;
-import org.dspace.authorize.factory.AuthorizeServiceFactory;
-import org.dspace.authorize.service.AuthorizeService;
 import org.dspace.content.Collection;
 import org.dspace.content.Community;
 import org.dspace.content.DSpaceObject;
@@ -77,38 +75,30 @@ import org.jdom.output.XMLOutputter;
 public class HandleServlet extends DSpaceServlet
 {
     /** log4j category */
-    private static Logger log = Logger.getLogger(HandleServlet.class);
+    private static final Logger log = Logger.getLogger(HandleServlet.class);
 
     /** For obtaining <meta> elements to put in the <head> */
-    private DisseminationCrosswalk xHTMLHeadCrosswalk;
+    private final transient DisseminationCrosswalk xHTMLHeadCrosswalk
+             = (DisseminationCrosswalk) PluginManager
+                .getNamedPlugin(DisseminationCrosswalk.class, "XHTML_HEAD_ITEM");
 
     // services API
-    private HandleService handleService; 
+    private final transient HandleService handleService
+             = HandleServiceFactory.getInstance().getHandleService();
 
-    private SubscribeService subscribeService;
+    private final transient SubscribeService subscribeService
+             = EPersonServiceFactory.getInstance().getSubscribeService();
     
-    private ItemService itemService;
+    private final transient ItemService itemService
+             = ContentServiceFactory.getInstance().getItemService();
     
-    private CommunityService communityService;
+    private final transient CommunityService communityService
+             = ContentServiceFactory.getInstance().getCommunityService();
     
-    private CollectionService collectionService;
+    private final transient CollectionService collectionService
-    
+             = ContentServiceFactory.getInstance().getCollectionService();
-    public HandleServlet()
-    {
-        super();
-        xHTMLHeadCrosswalk = (DisseminationCrosswalk) PluginManager
-                .getNamedPlugin(DisseminationCrosswalk.class, "XHTML_HEAD_ITEM");
-    }
-    
-    public void init() throws ServletException {
-    	super.init();
-    	handleService = HandleServiceFactory.getInstance().getHandleService(); 
-        subscribeService = EPersonServiceFactory.getInstance().getSubscribeService(); 
-        itemService = ContentServiceFactory.getInstance().getItemService();
-        communityService = ContentServiceFactory.getInstance().getCommunityService();
-        collectionService = ContentServiceFactory.getInstance().getCollectionService();
-    }   
 
+    @Override
     protected void doDSGet(Context context, HttpServletRequest request,
             HttpServletResponse response) throws ServletException, IOException,
             SQLException, AuthorizeException
@@ -469,7 +459,7 @@ public class HandleServlet extends DSpaceServlet
             else
             {
                 // check whether there is a logged in user
-                suggestEnable = (context.getCurrentUser() == null ? false : true);
+                suggestEnable = (context.getCurrentUser() != null);
             }
         }
 
@@ -482,8 +472,8 @@ public class HandleServlet extends DSpaceServlet
             				item));
 
         // Set attributes and display
-        request.setAttribute("suggest.enable", Boolean.valueOf(suggestEnable));
+        request.setAttribute("suggest.enable", suggestEnable);
-        request.setAttribute("display.all", Boolean.valueOf(displayAll));
+        request.setAttribute("display.all", displayAll);
         request.setAttribute("item", item);
         request.setAttribute("collections", collections);
         request.setAttribute("dspace.layout.head", headMetadata);
@@ -716,8 +706,8 @@ public class HandleServlet extends DSpaceServlet
             // Forward to collection home page
             request.setAttribute("collection", collection);
             request.setAttribute("community", community);
-            request.setAttribute("logged.in", Boolean.valueOf(e != null));
+            request.setAttribute("logged.in", e != null);
-            request.setAttribute("subscribed", Boolean.valueOf(subscribed));
+            request.setAttribute("subscribed", subscribed);
             JSPManager.showJSP(request, response, "/collection-home.jsp");
 
             if (updated)
@@ -823,7 +813,7 @@ public class HandleServlet extends DSpaceServlet
         List<Community> parents = communityService.getAllParents(context, c);
 
         // put into an array in reverse order
-        List<Community> reversedParents = new ArrayList<Community>();
+        List<Community> reversedParents = new ArrayList<>();
         int index = parents.size() - 1;
 
         for (int i = 0; i < parents.size(); i++)

dspace-jspui/src/main/java/org/dspace/app/webui/servlet/ItemExportArchiveServlet.java

@@ -38,15 +38,10 @@ import org.dspace.core.Utils;
  */
 public class ItemExportArchiveServlet extends DSpaceServlet {
 	/** log4j category */
-	private static Logger log = Logger.getLogger(ItemExportArchiveServlet.class);
+	private static final Logger log = Logger.getLogger(ItemExportArchiveServlet.class);
 	
-	private ItemExportService itemExportService;
+	private final transient ItemExportService itemExportService
-
+             = ItemExportServiceFactory.getInstance().getItemExportService();
-	@Override
-	public void init() throws ServletException {
-		super.init();
-		itemExportService = ItemExportServiceFactory.getInstance().getItemExportService();
-	}
 	
 	@Override
 	protected void doDSGet(Context context, HttpServletRequest request,

dspace-jspui/src/main/java/org/dspace/app/webui/servlet/LDAPServlet.java

@@ -20,6 +20,7 @@ import org.apache.log4j.Logger;
 import org.dspace.app.webui.util.Authenticate;
 import org.dspace.app.webui.util.JSPManager;
 import org.dspace.authenticate.AuthenticationMethod;
+import org.dspace.authenticate.factory.AuthenticateServiceFactory;
 import org.dspace.authenticate.service.AuthenticationService;
 import org.dspace.authorize.AuthorizeException;
 import org.dspace.core.ConfigurationManager;
@@ -38,16 +39,12 @@ import org.dspace.core.LogManager;
 public class LDAPServlet extends DSpaceServlet
 {
     /** log4j logger */
-    private static Logger log = Logger.getLogger(LDAPServlet.class);
+    private static final Logger log = Logger.getLogger(LDAPServlet.class);
 
-    private AuthenticationService authenticationService;
+    private final transient AuthenticationService authenticationService
+            = AuthenticateServiceFactory.getInstance().getAuthenticationService();
 
     @Override
-    public void init() throws ServletException {
-    	super.init();
-    	
-    }
-
     protected void doDSGet(Context context,
         HttpServletRequest request,
         HttpServletResponse response)
@@ -66,6 +63,7 @@ public class LDAPServlet extends DSpaceServlet
     }
 
 
+    @Override
     protected void doDSPost(Context context,
         HttpServletRequest request,
         HttpServletResponse response)

dspace-jspui/src/main/java/org/dspace/app/webui/servlet/MetadataExportServlet.java

@@ -43,18 +43,13 @@ import org.dspace.handle.service.HandleService;
 public class MetadataExportServlet extends DSpaceServlet
 {
     /** log4j category */
-    private static Logger log = Logger.getLogger(MetadataExportServlet.class);
+    private static final Logger log = Logger.getLogger(MetadataExportServlet.class);
 
-    private HandleService handleService;
+    private final transient HandleService handleService
+             = HandleServiceFactory.getInstance().getHandleService();
 
-    private ItemService itemService;
+    private final transient ItemService itemService
-    
+             = ContentServiceFactory.getInstance().getItemService();
-    @Override
-    public void init() throws ServletException {
-    	super.init();
-    	handleService = HandleServiceFactory.getInstance().getHandleService();
-    	itemService = ContentServiceFactory.getInstance().getItemService();
-    }
 
     /**
      * Respond to a post request
@@ -68,6 +63,7 @@ public class MetadataExportServlet extends DSpaceServlet
      * @throws SQLException
      * @throws AuthorizeException
      */
+    @Override
     protected void doDSPost(Context context, HttpServletRequest request,
             HttpServletResponse response) throws ServletException, IOException,
             SQLException, AuthorizeException
@@ -83,7 +79,7 @@ public class MetadataExportServlet extends DSpaceServlet
             {
                 if (thing.getType() == Constants.ITEM)
                 {
-                    List<Item> item = new ArrayList<Item>();
+                    List<Item> item = new ArrayList<>();
                     item.add((Item) thing);
                     exporter = new MetadataExport(context, item.iterator(), false);
                 }

dspace-jspui/src/main/java/org/dspace/app/webui/servlet/MyDSpaceServlet.java

@@ -71,7 +71,7 @@ import org.dspace.workflowbasic.service.BasicWorkflowService;
 public class MyDSpaceServlet extends DSpaceServlet
 {
     /** Logger */
-    private static Logger log = Logger.getLogger(MyDSpaceServlet.class);
+    private static final Logger log = Logger.getLogger(MyDSpaceServlet.class);
 
     /** The main screen */
     public static final int MAIN_PAGE = 0;
@@ -96,44 +96,40 @@ public class MyDSpaceServlet extends DSpaceServlet
 
     public static final int REQUEST_BATCH_IMPORT_ACTION = 7;
     
-    private WorkspaceItemService workspaceItemService;
+    private final transient WorkspaceItemService workspaceItemService
+             = ContentServiceFactory.getInstance().getWorkspaceItemService();
 
-    private BasicWorkflowService workflowService;
+    private final transient BasicWorkflowService workflowService
+             = BasicWorkflowServiceFactory.getInstance().getBasicWorkflowService();
 
-    private BasicWorkflowItemService workflowItemService;
+    private final transient BasicWorkflowItemService workflowItemService
+             = BasicWorkflowServiceFactory.getInstance().getBasicWorkflowItemService();
     
-    private HandleService handleService;
+    private final transient HandleService handleService
+             = HandleServiceFactory.getInstance().getHandleService();
     
-    private ItemService itemService;
+    private final transient ItemService itemService
+             = ContentServiceFactory.getInstance().getItemService();
     
-    private ItemExportService itemExportService;
+    private final transient ItemExportService itemExportService
+             =  ItemExportServiceFactory.getInstance().getItemExportService();
     
-    private ItemImportService itemImportService;
+    private final transient ItemImportService itemImportService
+             = ItemImportServiceFactory.getInstance().getItemImportService();
     
-    private CollectionService collectionService;
+    private final transient CollectionService collectionService
+             = ContentServiceFactory.getInstance().getCollectionService();
     
-    private CommunityService communityService;
+    private final transient CommunityService communityService
+             = ContentServiceFactory.getInstance().getCommunityService();
     
-    private GroupService groupService;
+    private final transient GroupService groupService
+             = EPersonServiceFactory.getInstance().getGroupService();
     
-    private SupervisedItemService supervisedItemService;
+    private final transient SupervisedItemService supervisedItemService
+             =  ContentServiceFactory.getInstance().getSupervisedItemService();
     
     @Override
-    public void init() throws ServletException {
-    	super.init();
-    	handleService = HandleServiceFactory.getInstance().getHandleService();
-    	itemService = ContentServiceFactory.getInstance().getItemService();
-		workspaceItemService = ContentServiceFactory.getInstance().getWorkspaceItemService();
-		workflowService = BasicWorkflowServiceFactory.getInstance().getBasicWorkflowService();
-		workflowItemService = BasicWorkflowServiceFactory.getInstance().getBasicWorkflowItemService();
-		itemExportService =  ItemExportServiceFactory.getInstance().getItemExportService();
-		itemImportService = ItemImportServiceFactory.getInstance().getItemImportService();
-		collectionService = ContentServiceFactory.getInstance().getCollectionService();
-		communityService = ContentServiceFactory.getInstance().getCommunityService();
-		groupService = EPersonServiceFactory.getInstance().getGroupService();
-		supervisedItemService =  ContentServiceFactory.getInstance().getSupervisedItemService();
-    }
-    
     protected void doDSGet(Context context, HttpServletRequest request,
             HttpServletResponse response) throws ServletException, IOException,
             SQLException, AuthorizeException
@@ -142,6 +138,7 @@ public class MyDSpaceServlet extends DSpaceServlet
         showMainPage(context, request, response);
      }
     
+    @Override
     protected void doDSPost(Context context, HttpServletRequest request,
             HttpServletResponse response) throws ServletException, IOException,
             SQLException, AuthorizeException
@@ -886,7 +883,7 @@ public class MyDSpaceServlet extends DSpaceServlet
         request.setAttribute("workflow.owned", ownedList);
         request.setAttribute("workflow.pooled", pooledList);
         request.setAttribute("group.memberships", memberships);
-        request.setAttribute("display.groupmemberships", Boolean.valueOf(displayMemberships));
+        request.setAttribute("display.groupmemberships", displayMemberships);
         request.setAttribute("supervised.items", supervisedItems);
         request.setAttribute("export.archives", exportArchives);
         request.setAttribute("import.uploads", importUploads);
@@ -911,7 +908,7 @@ public class MyDSpaceServlet extends DSpaceServlet
             AuthorizeException
     {
         // Turn the iterator into a list
-        List<Item> subList = new LinkedList<Item>();
+        List<Item> subList = new LinkedList<>();
         Iterator<Item> subs = itemService.findBySubmitter(context, context
                 .getCurrentUser());
 

dspace-jspui/src/main/java/org/dspace/app/webui/servlet/OpenSearchServlet.java

@@ -38,13 +38,15 @@ public class OpenSearchServlet extends DSpaceServlet
 {
     private static final long serialVersionUID = 1L;
     
-    private SearchRequestProcessor internalLogic;
+    private transient SearchRequestProcessor internalLogic;
 
     /** log4j category */
-    private static Logger log = Logger.getLogger(OpenSearchServlet.class);
+    private static final Logger log = Logger.getLogger(OpenSearchServlet.class);
 
-    public void init()
+    public OpenSearchServlet()
     {
+        super();
+
         try
         {
             internalLogic = (SearchRequestProcessor) PluginManager
@@ -62,6 +64,7 @@ public class OpenSearchServlet extends DSpaceServlet
         }
     }
 
+    @Override
     protected void doDSGet(Context context, HttpServletRequest request,
             HttpServletResponse response) throws ServletException, IOException,
             SQLException, AuthorizeException

dspace-jspui/src/main/java/org/dspace/app/webui/servlet/PasswordServlet.java

@@ -41,16 +41,12 @@ import org.dspace.core.LogManager;
 public class PasswordServlet extends DSpaceServlet
 {
     /** log4j logger */
-    private static Logger log = Logger.getLogger(PasswordServlet.class);
+    private static final Logger log = Logger.getLogger(PasswordServlet.class);
 
-    private AuthenticationService authenticationService;
+    private final transient AuthenticationService authenticationService
+             = AuthenticateServiceFactory.getInstance().getAuthenticationService();
     
     @Override
-    public void init() throws ServletException {
-    	super.init();
-    	authenticationService = AuthenticateServiceFactory.getInstance().getAuthenticationService();
-    }
-    
     protected void doDSGet(Context context, HttpServletRequest request,
             HttpServletResponse response) throws ServletException, IOException,
             SQLException, AuthorizeException
@@ -59,6 +55,7 @@ public class PasswordServlet extends DSpaceServlet
         JSPManager.showJSP(request, response, "/login/password.jsp");
     }
 
+    @Override
     protected void doDSPost(Context context, HttpServletRequest request,
             HttpServletResponse response) throws ServletException, IOException,
             SQLException, AuthorizeException

dspace-jspui/src/main/java/org/dspace/app/webui/servlet/RegisterServlet.java

@@ -57,7 +57,7 @@ import com.sun.mail.smtp.SMTPAddressFailedException;
 public class RegisterServlet extends EditProfileServlet
 {
     /** Logger */
-    private static Logger log = Logger.getLogger(RegisterServlet.class);
+    private static final Logger log = Logger.getLogger(RegisterServlet.class);
 
     /** The "enter e-mail" step */
     public static final int ENTER_EMAIL_PAGE = 1;
@@ -71,22 +71,24 @@ public class RegisterServlet extends EditProfileServlet
     /** true = registering users, false = forgotten passwords */
     private boolean registering;
 
-    /** ldap is enabled */
+    /** LDAP is enabled */
     private boolean ldap_enabled;
 
-    private AuthenticationService authenticationService;
+    private final transient AuthenticationService authenticationService
+             = AuthenticateServiceFactory.getInstance().getAuthenticationService();
     
-    private AccountService accountService;
+    private final transient AccountService accountService
+             = EPersonServiceFactory.getInstance().getAccountService();
     
+    @Override
     public void init() throws ServletException
     {
     	super.init();
         registering = getInitParameter("register").equalsIgnoreCase("true");
         ldap_enabled = ConfigurationManager.getBooleanProperty("authentication-ldap", "enable");
-        authenticationService = AuthenticateServiceFactory.getInstance().getAuthenticationService();
-        accountService = EPersonServiceFactory.getInstance().getAccountService();
     }
 
+    @Override
     protected void doDSGet(Context context, HttpServletRequest request,
             HttpServletResponse response) throws ServletException, IOException,
             SQLException, AuthorizeException
@@ -143,7 +145,7 @@ public class RegisterServlet extends EditProfileServlet
                 // Indicate if user can set password
                 boolean setPassword =
                     authenticationService.allowSetPassword(context, request, email);
-                request.setAttribute("set.password", Boolean.valueOf(setPassword));
+                request.setAttribute("set.password", setPassword);
 
                 // Forward to "personal info page"
                 JSPManager.showJSP(request, response,
@@ -166,6 +168,7 @@ public class RegisterServlet extends EditProfileServlet
         }
     }
 
+    @Override
     protected void doDSPost(Context context, HttpServletRequest request,
             HttpServletResponse response) throws ServletException, IOException,
             SQLException, AuthorizeException
@@ -544,13 +547,13 @@ public class RegisterServlet extends EditProfileServlet
             request.setAttribute("token", token);
             request.setAttribute("eperson", eperson);
             request.setAttribute("netid", netid);
-            request.setAttribute("missing.fields", Boolean.valueOf(!infoOK));
+            request.setAttribute("missing.fields", !infoOK);
-            request.setAttribute("password.problem", Boolean.valueOf(!passwordOK));
+            request.setAttribute("password.problem", !passwordOK);
 
             // Indicate if user can set password
             boolean setPassword = authenticationService.allowSetPassword(
                     context, request, email);
-            request.setAttribute("set.password", Boolean.valueOf(setPassword));
+            request.setAttribute("set.password", setPassword);
 
             JSPManager.showJSP(request, response,
                     "/register/registration-form.jsp");

dspace-jspui/src/main/java/org/dspace/app/webui/servlet/RequestItemServlet.java

@@ -55,15 +55,15 @@ import org.dspace.utils.DSpace;
 public class RequestItemServlet extends DSpaceServlet
 {
     /** log4j category */
-    private static Logger log = Logger.getLogger(RequestItemServlet.class);
+    private static final Logger log = Logger.getLogger(RequestItemServlet.class);
     
     /** The information get by form step */
     public static final int ENTER_FORM_PAGE = 1;
 
-    /** The link by submmiter email step*/
+    /** The link by submitter email step*/
     public static final int ENTER_TOKEN = 2;
     
-    /** The link Aproved genarate letter step*/
+    /** The link Approved generate letter step*/
     public static final int APROVE_TOKEN = 3;
 
     /* resume leter for request user*/
@@ -72,23 +72,19 @@ public class RequestItemServlet extends DSpaceServlet
     /* resume leter for request dspace administrator*/
     public static final int RESUME_FREEACESS = 5;
 
-    private HandleService handleService;
+    private final transient HandleService handleService
+             = HandleServiceFactory.getInstance().getHandleService();
     
-    private ItemService itemService;
+    private final transient ItemService itemService
+             = ContentServiceFactory.getInstance().getItemService();
     
-    private BitstreamService bitstreamService;
+    private final transient BitstreamService bitstreamService
+             = ContentServiceFactory.getInstance().getBitstreamService();
     
-    private RequestItemService requestItemService;
+    private final transient RequestItemService requestItemService
+             = RequestItemServiceFactory.getInstance().getRequestItemService();
     
     @Override
-    public void init() throws ServletException {
-    	super.init();
-    	itemService = ContentServiceFactory.getInstance().getItemService();
-    	bitstreamService = ContentServiceFactory.getInstance().getBitstreamService();
-    	handleService = HandleServiceFactory.getInstance().getHandleService();
-    	requestItemService = RequestItemServiceFactory.getInstance().getRequestItemService();
-    }
-    
     protected void doDSGet(Context context,
         HttpServletRequest request,
         HttpServletResponse response)
@@ -132,6 +128,7 @@ public class RequestItemServlet extends DSpaceServlet
         }
     }
 
+    @Override
     protected void doDSPost(Context context,
         HttpServletRequest request,
         HttpServletResponse response)
@@ -213,7 +210,7 @@ public class RequestItemServlet extends DSpaceServlet
                 request.setAttribute("title", title); 
                 request.setAttribute("allfiles", allfiles?"true":null); 
                 
-                request.setAttribute("requestItem.problem", new Boolean(true));
+                request.setAttribute("requestItem.problem", Boolean.TRUE);
                 JSPManager.showJSP(request, response, "/requestItem/request-form.jsp");
                 return;
             }
@@ -550,9 +547,11 @@ public class RequestItemServlet extends DSpaceServlet
     {
         String base = ConfigurationManager.getProperty("dspace.url");
 
-        String specialLink = (new StringBuffer()).append(base).append(
+        String specialLink = (new StringBuffer()).append(base)
-                base.endsWith("/") ? "" : "/").append(
+                .append(base.endsWith("/") ? "" : "/")
-                "request-item").append("?step=" + RequestItemServlet.ENTER_TOKEN)
+                .append("request-item")
+                .append("?step=")
+                .append(RequestItemServlet.ENTER_TOKEN)
                 .append("&token=")
                 .append(token)
                 .toString();

dspace-jspui/src/main/java/org/dspace/app/webui/servlet/RetrieveServlet.java

@@ -43,14 +43,15 @@ import org.dspace.utils.DSpace;
 public class RetrieveServlet extends DSpaceServlet
 {
     /** log4j category */
-    private static Logger log = Logger.getLogger(RetrieveServlet.class);
+    private static final Logger log = Logger.getLogger(RetrieveServlet.class);
 
     /**
      * Threshold on Bitstream size before content-disposition will be set.
      */
     private int threshold;
     
-    private BitstreamService bitstreamService;
+    private final transient BitstreamService bitstreamService
+             = ContentServiceFactory.getInstance().getBitstreamService();
     
     @Override
 	public void init(ServletConfig arg0) throws ServletException {
@@ -58,9 +59,9 @@ public class RetrieveServlet extends DSpaceServlet
 		super.init(arg0);
 		threshold = ConfigurationManager
 				.getIntProperty("webui.content_disposition_threshold");
-		bitstreamService = ContentServiceFactory.getInstance().getBitstreamService();
 	}
     
+    @Override
     protected void doDSGet(Context context, HttpServletRequest request,
             HttpServletResponse response) throws ServletException, IOException,
             SQLException, AuthorizeException

dspace-jspui/src/main/java/org/dspace/app/webui/servlet/SHERPAPublisherPolicyServlet.java

@@ -32,7 +32,7 @@ import org.dspace.core.Context;
 import org.dspace.utils.DSpace;
 
 /**
- * This servlet use the SHERPASubmitService to build an html page with the
+ * This servlet uses the SHERPASubmitService to build an html page with the
  * publisher policy for the journal referred in the specified Item
  * 
  * @author Andrea Bollini
@@ -40,23 +40,19 @@ import org.dspace.utils.DSpace;
  */
 public class SHERPAPublisherPolicyServlet extends DSpaceServlet
 {
-    private SHERPASubmitService sherpaSubmitService = new DSpace()
+    private final transient SHERPASubmitService sherpaSubmitService
-            .getServiceManager().getServiceByName(
+            = new DSpace().getServiceManager().getServiceByName(
                     SHERPASubmitService.class.getCanonicalName(),
                     SHERPASubmitService.class);
 
-    private ItemService itemService;
+    private final transient ItemService itemService
+             = ContentServiceFactory.getInstance().getItemService();
     
     /** log4j logger */
-    private static Logger log = Logger
+    private static final Logger log = Logger
             .getLogger(SHERPAPublisherPolicyServlet.class);
     
     @Override
-    public void init() throws ServletException {
-    	super.init();
-    	itemService = ContentServiceFactory.getInstance().getItemService();
-    }
-    
     protected void doDSGet(Context context, HttpServletRequest request,
             HttpServletResponse response) throws ServletException, IOException,
             SQLException, AuthorizeException
@@ -71,7 +67,7 @@ public class SHERPAPublisherPolicyServlet extends DSpaceServlet
                 context, item);
         if (shresp.isError())
         {
-            request.setAttribute("error", new Boolean(true));
+            request.setAttribute("error", Boolean.TRUE);
         }
         else
         {
@@ -103,6 +99,7 @@ public class SHERPAPublisherPolicyServlet extends DSpaceServlet
         JSPManager.showJSP(request, response, "/sherpa/sherpa-policy.jsp");
     }
 
+    @Override
     protected void doDSPost(Context context, HttpServletRequest request,
             HttpServletResponse response) throws ServletException, IOException,
             SQLException, AuthorizeException

dspace-jspui/src/main/java/org/dspace/app/webui/servlet/SearchResultLogServlet.java

@@ -35,17 +35,14 @@ import org.dspace.utils.DSpace;
  * @author Ben Bosman (ben at atmire dot com)
  * @author Mark Diggory (markd at atmire dot com)
  */
-public class SearchResultLogServlet extends DSpaceServlet{
+public class SearchResultLogServlet extends DSpaceServlet
-	private HandleService handleService;
+{
+	private final transient HandleService handleService
+            = HandleServiceFactory.getInstance().getHandleService();
 
     @Override
-	public void init() throws ServletException {
+    protected void doDSPost(Context context, HttpServletRequest request, HttpServletResponse response)
-		super.init();
+            throws ServletException, IOException, SQLException, AuthorizeException {
-		handleService = HandleServiceFactory.getInstance().getHandleService();
-	}
-	
-    @Override
-    protected void doDSPost(Context context, HttpServletRequest request, HttpServletResponse response) throws ServletException, IOException, SQLException, AuthorizeException {
         String redirectUrl = request.getParameter("redirectUrl");
         String scopeHandle = request.getParameter("scope");
         DSpaceObject scope = handleService.resolveToObject(context, scopeHandle);

dspace-jspui/src/main/java/org/dspace/app/webui/servlet/ShibbolethServlet.java

@@ -25,7 +25,7 @@ import org.dspace.core.Context;
 import org.dspace.core.LogManager;
 
 /**
- * Shibbolize dspace. Follow instruction at 
+ * Shibbolize DSpace. Follow instruction at
  * http://mams.melcoe.mq.edu.au/zope/mams/pubs/Installation/dspace15
  *
  * Pull information from the header as released by Shibboleth target.
@@ -44,16 +44,12 @@ import org.dspace.core.LogManager;
  */
 public class ShibbolethServlet extends DSpaceServlet {
     /** log4j logger */
-    private static Logger log = Logger.getLogger(ShibbolethServlet.class);
+    private static final Logger log = Logger.getLogger(ShibbolethServlet.class);
     
-    private AuthenticationService authenticationService;
+    private final transient AuthenticationService authenticationService
+             = AuthenticateServiceFactory.getInstance().getAuthenticationService();
     
     @Override
-    public void init() throws ServletException {
-    	super.init();
-    	authenticationService = AuthenticateServiceFactory.getInstance().getAuthenticationService();
-    }
-    
     protected void doDSGet(Context context,
             HttpServletRequest request,
             HttpServletResponse response)

dspace-jspui/src/main/java/org/dspace/app/webui/servlet/SimpleSearchServlet.java

@@ -29,12 +29,12 @@ import org.dspace.core.PluginManager;
  */
 public class SimpleSearchServlet extends DSpaceServlet
 {
-    private SearchRequestProcessor internalLogic;
+    private transient SearchRequestProcessor internalLogic;
 
     /** log4j category */
-    private static Logger log = Logger.getLogger(SimpleSearchServlet.class);
+    private static final Logger log = Logger.getLogger(SimpleSearchServlet.class);
 
-    public void init()
+    public SimpleSearchServlet()
     {
         try
         {
@@ -53,6 +53,7 @@ public class SimpleSearchServlet extends DSpaceServlet
         }
     }
 
+    @Override
     protected void doDSGet(Context context, HttpServletRequest request,
             HttpServletResponse response) throws ServletException, IOException,
             SQLException, AuthorizeException

dspace-jspui/src/main/java/org/dspace/app/webui/servlet/StatisticsServlet.java

@@ -28,8 +28,6 @@ import javax.servlet.http.HttpServletResponse;
 
 import org.dspace.app.webui.util.JSPManager;
 import org.dspace.authorize.AuthorizeException;
-import org.dspace.authorize.factory.AuthorizeServiceFactory;
-import org.dspace.authorize.service.AuthorizeService;
 import org.dspace.core.ConfigurationManager;
 import org.dspace.core.Context;
 
@@ -42,13 +40,7 @@ import org.dspace.core.Context;
  */
 public class StatisticsServlet extends org.dspace.app.webui.servlet.DSpaceServlet
 {
-	private AuthorizeService authorizeService;
-	
     @Override
-	public void init() throws ServletException {
-		super.init();
-		authorizeService = AuthorizeServiceFactory.getInstance().getAuthorizeService();
-	}
     protected void doDSGet(Context c, 
         HttpServletRequest request, HttpServletResponse response)
         throws ServletException, IOException, SQLException, AuthorizeException
@@ -57,6 +49,7 @@ public class StatisticsServlet extends org.dspace.app.webui.servlet.DSpaceServle
         doDSPost(c, request, response);
     }
     
+    @Override
     protected void doDSPost(Context c, 
         HttpServletRequest request, HttpServletResponse response)
         throws ServletException, IOException, SQLException, AuthorizeException
@@ -109,7 +102,7 @@ public class StatisticsServlet extends org.dspace.app.webui.servlet.DSpaceServle
 
         try
         {
-            List<Date> monthsList = new ArrayList<Date>();
+            List<Date> monthsList = new ArrayList<>();
 
             Pattern monthly = Pattern.compile("report-([0-9][0-9][0-9][0-9]-[0-9]+)\\.html");
             Pattern general = Pattern.compile("report-general-([0-9]+-[0-9]+-[0-9]+)\\.html");

dspace-jspui/src/main/java/org/dspace/app/webui/servlet/SubscribeServlet.java

@@ -36,17 +36,13 @@ import org.dspace.eperson.service.SubscribeService;
  */
 public class SubscribeServlet extends DSpaceServlet
 {
-	private SubscribeService subscribeService;
+	private final transient SubscribeService subscribeService
+            = EPersonServiceFactory.getInstance().getSubscribeService();
 
-	private CollectionService collectionService;
+	private final transient CollectionService collectionService
+            = ContentServiceFactory.getInstance().getCollectionService();
 
     @Override
-	public void init() throws ServletException {
-		super.init();
-		subscribeService = EPersonServiceFactory.getInstance().getSubscribeService();
-		collectionService = ContentServiceFactory.getInstance().getCollectionService();
-	}
-	
     protected void doDSGet(Context context, HttpServletRequest request,
             HttpServletResponse response) throws ServletException, IOException,
             SQLException, AuthorizeException
@@ -55,6 +51,7 @@ public class SubscribeServlet extends DSpaceServlet
         showSubscriptions(context, request, response, false);
     }
 
+    @Override
     protected void doDSPost(Context context, HttpServletRequest request,
             HttpServletResponse response) throws ServletException, IOException,
             SQLException, AuthorizeException
@@ -144,7 +141,7 @@ public class SubscribeServlet extends DSpaceServlet
 
         request.setAttribute("availableSubscriptions", avail);
         request.setAttribute("subscriptions", subs);
-        request.setAttribute("updated", Boolean.valueOf(updated));
+        request.setAttribute("updated", updated);
 
         JSPManager.showJSP(request, response, "/mydspace/subscriptions.jsp");
     }

dspace-jspui/src/main/java/org/dspace/app/webui/servlet/SuggestServlet.java

@@ -45,19 +45,15 @@ import org.dspace.handle.service.HandleService;
 public class SuggestServlet extends DSpaceServlet
 {
     /** log4j category */
-    private static Logger log = Logger.getLogger(SuggestServlet.class);
+    private static final Logger log = Logger.getLogger(SuggestServlet.class);
     
-    private HandleService handleService;
+    private final transient HandleService handleService
+            = HandleServiceFactory.getInstance().getHandleService();
 
-    private ItemService itemService;
+    private final transient ItemService itemService
+             = ContentServiceFactory.getInstance().getItemService();
 
     @Override
-    public void init() throws ServletException {
-    	super.init();
-    	handleService = HandleServiceFactory.getInstance().getHandleService();
-    	itemService = ContentServiceFactory.getInstance().getItemService();
-    }
-
     protected void doDSGet(Context context, HttpServletRequest request,
     					   HttpServletResponse response)
         throws ServletException, IOException, SQLException, AuthorizeException
@@ -239,6 +235,7 @@ public class SuggestServlet extends DSpaceServlet
         }
    }
 
+    @Override
     protected void doDSPost(Context context, HttpServletRequest request,
     						HttpServletResponse response)
         throws ServletException, IOException, SQLException, AuthorizeException

dspace-jspui/src/main/java/org/dspace/app/webui/servlet/VersionHistoryServlet.java

@@ -20,8 +20,6 @@ import org.dspace.app.webui.util.JSPManager;
 import org.dspace.app.webui.util.UIUtil;
 import org.dspace.app.webui.util.VersionUtil;
 import org.dspace.authorize.AuthorizeException;
-import org.dspace.authorize.factory.AuthorizeServiceFactory;
-import org.dspace.authorize.service.AuthorizeService;
 import org.dspace.content.Item;
 import org.dspace.content.factory.ContentServiceFactory;
 import org.dspace.content.service.ItemService;
@@ -31,7 +29,6 @@ import org.dspace.versioning.Version;
 import org.dspace.versioning.VersionHistory;
 import org.dspace.versioning.factory.VersionServiceFactory;
 import org.dspace.versioning.service.VersionHistoryService;
-import org.dspace.versioning.service.VersioningService;
 
 /**
  * Servlet for handling the operations in the version history page
@@ -43,26 +40,15 @@ public class VersionHistoryServlet extends DSpaceServlet
 {
 
     /** log4j category */
-    private static Logger log = Logger.getLogger(VersionHistoryServlet.class);
+    private static final Logger log = Logger.getLogger(VersionHistoryServlet.class);
 
-    private AuthorizeService authorizeService;
+    private final transient ItemService itemService
+             = ContentServiceFactory.getInstance().getItemService();
 
-    private ItemService itemService;
+    private final transient VersionHistoryService versionHistoryService
-    
+             = VersionServiceFactory.getInstance().getVersionHistoryService();
-    private VersionHistoryService versionHistoryService;
-
-    private VersioningService versioningService;
 
     @Override
-    public void init() throws ServletException {
-    	super.init();
-    	authorizeService = AuthorizeServiceFactory.getInstance().getAuthorizeService();
-    	itemService = ContentServiceFactory.getInstance().getItemService();
-    	versionHistoryService = VersionServiceFactory.getInstance().getVersionHistoryService();
-    	versioningService = VersionServiceFactory.getInstance().getVersionService();
-    }
-
-
     protected void doDSGet(Context context, HttpServletRequest request,
             HttpServletResponse response) throws ServletException, IOException,
             SQLException, AuthorizeException
@@ -147,6 +133,7 @@ public class VersionHistoryServlet extends DSpaceServlet
         JSPManager.showJSP(request, response, "/tools/version-history.jsp");
     }
 
+    @Override
     protected void doDSPost(Context context, HttpServletRequest request,
             HttpServletResponse response) throws ServletException, IOException,
             SQLException, AuthorizeException

dspace-jspui/src/main/java/org/dspace/app/webui/servlet/VersionItemServlet.java

@@ -35,16 +35,12 @@ public class VersionItemServlet extends DSpaceServlet
 {
 
     /** log4j category */
-    private static Logger log = Logger.getLogger(VersionItemServlet.class);
+    private static final Logger log = Logger.getLogger(VersionItemServlet.class);
 
-    private ItemService itemService;
+    private final transient ItemService itemService =
+            ContentServiceFactory.getInstance().getItemService();
 
     @Override
-    public void init() throws ServletException {
-    	super.init();
-    	itemService = ContentServiceFactory.getInstance().getItemService();
-    }
-
     protected void doDSGet(Context context, HttpServletRequest request, HttpServletResponse response)
             throws ServletException, IOException, SQLException,
             AuthorizeException
@@ -81,7 +77,7 @@ public class VersionItemServlet extends DSpaceServlet
         
     }
 
-   
+    @Override
     protected void doDSPost(Context context, HttpServletRequest request,
             HttpServletResponse response) throws ServletException, IOException,
             SQLException, AuthorizeException

dspace-jspui/src/main/java/org/dspace/app/webui/servlet/ViewWorkspaceItemServlet.java

@@ -18,8 +18,6 @@ import org.apache.log4j.Logger;
 import org.dspace.app.webui.util.JSPManager;
 import org.dspace.app.webui.util.UIUtil;
 import org.dspace.authorize.AuthorizeException;
-import org.dspace.authorize.factory.AuthorizeServiceFactory;
-import org.dspace.authorize.service.AuthorizeService;
 import org.dspace.content.Collection;
 import org.dspace.content.Item;
 import org.dspace.content.WorkspaceItem;
@@ -41,19 +39,12 @@ public class ViewWorkspaceItemServlet
 {
 
     /** log4j logger */
-    private static Logger log = Logger.getLogger(ViewWorkspaceItemServlet.class);
+    private static final Logger log = Logger.getLogger(ViewWorkspaceItemServlet.class);
     
-    private AuthorizeService authorizeService;
+    private final transient WorkspaceItemService workspaceItemService
-    
+             = ContentServiceFactory.getInstance().getWorkspaceItemService();
-    private WorkspaceItemService workspaceItemService;
     
     @Override
-    public void init() throws ServletException {
-    	super.init();
-    	authorizeService = AuthorizeServiceFactory.getInstance().getAuthorizeService();
-    	workspaceItemService = ContentServiceFactory.getInstance().getWorkspaceItemService();
-    }
-    
     protected void doDSGet(Context c, 
         HttpServletRequest request, HttpServletResponse response)
         throws ServletException, IOException, SQLException, AuthorizeException
@@ -62,6 +53,7 @@ public class ViewWorkspaceItemServlet
         doDSPost(c, request, response);
     }
     
+    @Override
     protected void doDSPost(Context c, 
         HttpServletRequest request, HttpServletResponse response)
         throws ServletException, IOException, SQLException, AuthorizeException
@@ -118,10 +110,10 @@ public class ViewWorkspaceItemServlet
         // display item JSP for both handled and un-handled items
         // Set attributes and display
         // request.setAttribute("wsItem", wsItem);
-        request.setAttribute("display.all", Boolean.valueOf(displayAll));
+        request.setAttribute("display.all", displayAll);
         request.setAttribute("item", item);
         request.setAttribute("collections", collections);
-        request.setAttribute("workspace_id", Integer.valueOf(wsItem.getID()));
+        request.setAttribute("workspace_id", wsItem.getID());
         
         JSPManager.showJSP(request, response, "/display-item.jsp");
     }

dspace-jspui/src/main/java/org/dspace/app/webui/servlet/WorkspaceServlet.java

@@ -18,8 +18,6 @@ import org.apache.log4j.Logger;
 import org.dspace.app.webui.util.JSPManager;
 import org.dspace.app.webui.util.UIUtil;
 import org.dspace.authorize.AuthorizeException;
-import org.dspace.authorize.factory.AuthorizeServiceFactory;
-import org.dspace.authorize.service.AuthorizeService;
 import org.dspace.content.Item;
 import org.dspace.content.WorkspaceItem;
 import org.dspace.content.factory.ContentServiceFactory;
@@ -36,21 +34,13 @@ import org.dspace.core.LogManager;
  */
 public class WorkspaceServlet extends DSpaceServlet
 {
-    
     /** log4j category */
-    private static Logger log = Logger.getLogger(WorkspaceServlet.class);
+    private static final Logger log = Logger.getLogger(WorkspaceServlet.class);
 
-    private AuthorizeService authorizeService;
+    private final transient WorkspaceItemService workspaceItemService
-    
+             = ContentServiceFactory.getInstance().getWorkspaceItemService();
-    private WorkspaceItemService workspaceItemService;
     
     @Override
-    public void init() throws ServletException {
-    	super.init();
-    	authorizeService = AuthorizeServiceFactory.getInstance().getAuthorizeService();
-    	workspaceItemService = ContentServiceFactory.getInstance().getWorkspaceItemService();
-    }
-    
     protected void doDSGet(Context c, 
         HttpServletRequest request, HttpServletResponse response)
         throws ServletException, IOException, SQLException, AuthorizeException
@@ -59,6 +49,7 @@ public class WorkspaceServlet extends DSpaceServlet
         doDSPost(c, request, response);
     }
     
+    @Override
     protected void doDSPost(Context c, 
         HttpServletRequest request, HttpServletResponse response)
         throws ServletException, IOException, SQLException, AuthorizeException

dspace-jspui/src/main/java/org/dspace/app/webui/servlet/admin/AuthorizeAdminServlet.java

@@ -59,30 +59,26 @@ import org.dspace.handle.service.HandleService;
  */
 public class AuthorizeAdminServlet extends DSpaceServlet
 {
-	private ItemService itemService;
+	private final transient ItemService itemService
-	private CollectionService collectionService;
+             = ContentServiceFactory.getInstance().getItemService();
-	private CommunityService communityService;
+	private final transient CollectionService collectionService
-	private BundleService bundleService;
+             = ContentServiceFactory.getInstance().getCollectionService();
-	private BitstreamService bitstreamService;
+	private final transient CommunityService communityService
-	private GroupService groupService;
+             = ContentServiceFactory.getInstance().getCommunityService();
-	private EPersonService personService; 
+	private final transient BundleService bundleService
-	private HandleService handleService;
+             = ContentServiceFactory.getInstance().getBundleService();
-	private ResourcePolicyService resourcePolicyService;
+	private final transient BitstreamService bitstreamService
+             = ContentServiceFactory.getInstance().getBitstreamService();
+	private final transient GroupService groupService
+             = EPersonServiceFactory.getInstance().getGroupService();
+	private final transient EPersonService personService
+             = EPersonServiceFactory.getInstance().getEPersonService();
+    private final transient HandleService handleService
+             = HandleServiceFactory.getInstance().getHandleService();
+	private final transient ResourcePolicyService resourcePolicyService
+             = AuthorizeServiceFactory.getInstance().getResourcePolicyService();
 	
     @Override
-	public void init() throws ServletException {
-		super.init();
-		itemService = ContentServiceFactory.getInstance().getItemService();
-		collectionService = ContentServiceFactory.getInstance().getCollectionService();
-		communityService = ContentServiceFactory.getInstance().getCommunityService();
-		bundleService = ContentServiceFactory.getInstance().getBundleService();
-		bitstreamService = ContentServiceFactory.getInstance().getBitstreamService();
-		groupService = EPersonServiceFactory.getInstance().getGroupService();
-		personService = EPersonServiceFactory.getInstance().getEPersonService();
-		handleService = HandleServiceFactory.getInstance().getHandleService();
-		resourcePolicyService = AuthorizeServiceFactory.getInstance().getResourcePolicyService();
-	}
-	
     protected void doDSGet(Context c, HttpServletRequest request,
             HttpServletResponse response) throws ServletException, IOException,
             SQLException, AuthorizeException
@@ -94,6 +90,7 @@ public class AuthorizeAdminServlet extends DSpaceServlet
         //        showMainPage(c, request, response);
     }
 
+    @Override
     protected void doDSPost(Context c, HttpServletRequest request,
             HttpServletResponse response) throws ServletException, IOException,
             SQLException, AuthorizeException
@@ -298,7 +295,7 @@ public class AuthorizeAdminServlet extends DSpaceServlet
 			AuthorizeUtil.authorizeManageItemPolicy(c, item);
             
             // do the remove
-            resourcePolicyService.delete(c, policy);;
+            resourcePolicyService.delete(c, policy);
 
             // show edit form!
             prepItemEditForm(c, request, item);
@@ -765,8 +762,8 @@ public class AuthorizeAdminServlet extends DSpaceServlet
         List<ResourcePolicy> itemPolicies = authorizeService.getPolicies(c, item);
 
         // Put bundle and bitstream policies in their own hashes
-        Map<UUID, List<ResourcePolicy>> bundlePolicies = new HashMap<UUID, List<ResourcePolicy>>();
+        Map<UUID, List<ResourcePolicy>> bundlePolicies = new HashMap<>();
-        Map<UUID, List<ResourcePolicy>> bitstreamPolicies = new HashMap<UUID, List<ResourcePolicy>>();
+        Map<UUID, List<ResourcePolicy>> bitstreamPolicies = new HashMap<>();
 
         List<Bundle> bundles = item.getBundles();
 

dspace-jspui/src/main/java/org/dspace/app/webui/servlet/admin/BitstreamFormatRegistry.java

@@ -48,14 +48,10 @@ public class BitstreamFormatRegistry extends DSpaceServlet
     /** User wants to create a new format */
     public static final int CREATE = 4;
 
-    private BitstreamFormatService bitstreamFormatService;
+    private final transient BitstreamFormatService bitstreamFormatService
+             = ContentServiceFactory.getInstance().getBitstreamFormatService();
     
     @Override
-    public void init() throws ServletException {
-    	super.init();
-    	bitstreamFormatService = ContentServiceFactory.getInstance().getBitstreamFormatService();
-    }
-    
     protected void doDSGet(Context context, HttpServletRequest request,
             HttpServletResponse response) throws ServletException, IOException,
             SQLException, AuthorizeException
@@ -64,6 +60,7 @@ public class BitstreamFormatRegistry extends DSpaceServlet
         showFormats(context, request, response);
     }
 
+    @Override
     protected void doDSPost(Context context, HttpServletRequest request,
             HttpServletResponse response) throws ServletException, IOException,
             SQLException, AuthorizeException
@@ -86,7 +83,7 @@ public class BitstreamFormatRegistry extends DSpaceServlet
                     && request.getParameter("internal").equals("true"));
 
             // Separate comma-separated extensions
-            List<String> extensions = new LinkedList<String>();
+            List<String> extensions = new LinkedList<>();
             String extParam = request.getParameter("extensions");
 
             while (extParam.length() > 0)

dspace-jspui/src/main/java/org/dspace/app/webui/servlet/admin/CollectionWizardServlet.java

@@ -44,7 +44,6 @@ import org.dspace.content.service.CollectionService;
 import org.dspace.content.service.CommunityService;
 import org.dspace.content.service.ItemService;
 import org.dspace.content.service.MetadataFieldService;
-import org.dspace.content.service.MetadataSchemaService;
 import org.dspace.core.Constants;
 import org.dspace.core.Context;
 import org.dspace.core.LogManager;
@@ -96,40 +95,33 @@ public class CollectionWizardServlet extends DSpaceServlet
     public static final int PERM_ADMIN = 15;
 
     /** Logger */
-    private static Logger log = Logger.getLogger(CollectionWizardServlet.class);
+    private static final Logger log = Logger.getLogger(CollectionWizardServlet.class);
 
-    private CollectionService collectionService;
+    private final transient CollectionService collectionService
+             = ContentServiceFactory.getInstance().getCollectionService();
     
-    private CommunityService communityService;
+    private final transient CommunityService communityService
+             = ContentServiceFactory.getInstance().getCommunityService();
     
-    private ItemService itemService;
+    private final transient ItemService itemService
+             = ContentServiceFactory.getInstance().getItemService();
     
-    private GroupService groupService;
+    private final transient GroupService groupService
+             = EPersonServiceFactory.getInstance().getGroupService();
     
-    private EPersonService personService;
+    private final transient EPersonService personService
+             = EPersonServiceFactory.getInstance().getEPersonService();
     
-    private BitstreamService bitstreamService;
+    private final transient BitstreamService bitstreamService
+             = ContentServiceFactory.getInstance().getBitstreamService();
     
-	private BitstreamFormatService bitstreamFormatService;
+	private final transient BitstreamFormatService bitstreamFormatService
+             = ContentServiceFactory.getInstance().getBitstreamFormatService();
 	
-	private MetadataFieldService metadataFieldService;
+	private final transient MetadataFieldService metadataFieldService
-	
+             = ContentServiceFactory.getInstance().getMetadataFieldService();
-	private MetadataSchemaService metadataSchemaService;
     
     @Override
-    public void init() throws ServletException {
-    	super.init();
-    	collectionService = ContentServiceFactory.getInstance().getCollectionService();
-    	communityService = ContentServiceFactory.getInstance().getCommunityService();
-    	itemService = ContentServiceFactory.getInstance().getItemService();
-    	bitstreamService = ContentServiceFactory.getInstance().getBitstreamService();
-    	bitstreamFormatService = ContentServiceFactory.getInstance().getBitstreamFormatService();
-    	groupService = EPersonServiceFactory.getInstance().getGroupService();
-    	personService = EPersonServiceFactory.getInstance().getEPersonService();
-    	metadataFieldService = ContentServiceFactory.getInstance().getMetadataFieldService();
-    	metadataSchemaService = ContentServiceFactory.getInstance().getMetadataSchemaService();
-    }
-    
     protected void doDSGet(Context context, HttpServletRequest request,
             HttpServletResponse response) throws ServletException, IOException,
             SQLException, AuthorizeException
@@ -141,6 +133,7 @@ public class CollectionWizardServlet extends DSpaceServlet
         doDSPost(context, request, response);
     }
 
+    @Override
     protected void doDSPost(Context context, HttpServletRequest request,
             HttpServletResponse response) throws ServletException, IOException,
             SQLException, AuthorizeException
@@ -664,7 +657,7 @@ public class CollectionWizardServlet extends DSpaceServlet
             // be an anonymous one.
             if (anonReadPols.size() == 0)
             {
-                request.setAttribute("permission", Integer.valueOf(PERM_READ));
+                request.setAttribute("permission", PERM_READ);
                 JSPManager.showJSP(request, response,
                         "/dspace-admin/wizard-permissions.jsp");
 
@@ -677,7 +670,7 @@ public class CollectionWizardServlet extends DSpaceServlet
             // defined
             if (collection.getSubmitters() != null)
             {
-                request.setAttribute("permission", Integer.valueOf(PERM_SUBMIT));
+                request.setAttribute("permission", PERM_SUBMIT);
                 JSPManager.showJSP(request, response,
                         "/dspace-admin/wizard-permissions.jsp");
 
@@ -690,7 +683,7 @@ public class CollectionWizardServlet extends DSpaceServlet
             // defined
             if (collection.getWorkflowStep1() != null)
             {
-                request.setAttribute("permission", Integer.valueOf(PERM_WF1));
+                request.setAttribute("permission", PERM_WF1);
                 JSPManager.showJSP(request, response,
                         "/dspace-admin/wizard-permissions.jsp");
 
@@ -703,7 +696,7 @@ public class CollectionWizardServlet extends DSpaceServlet
             // defined
             if (collection.getWorkflowStep2() != null)
             {
-                request.setAttribute("permission", Integer.valueOf(PERM_WF2));
+                request.setAttribute("permission", PERM_WF2);
                 JSPManager.showJSP(request, response,
                         "/dspace-admin/wizard-permissions.jsp");
 
@@ -716,7 +709,7 @@ public class CollectionWizardServlet extends DSpaceServlet
             // defined
             if (collection.getWorkflowStep3() != null)
             {
-                request.setAttribute("permission", Integer.valueOf(PERM_WF3));
+                request.setAttribute("permission", PERM_WF3);
                 JSPManager.showJSP(request, response,
                         "/dspace-admin/wizard-permissions.jsp");
 
@@ -729,7 +722,7 @@ public class CollectionWizardServlet extends DSpaceServlet
             // administrator group
             if (collection.getAdministrators() != null)
             {
-                request.setAttribute("permission", Integer.valueOf(PERM_ADMIN));
+                request.setAttribute("permission", PERM_ADMIN);
                 JSPManager.showJSP(request, response,
                         "/dspace-admin/wizard-permissions.jsp");
 

dspace-jspui/src/main/java/org/dspace/app/webui/servlet/admin/CurateServlet.java

@@ -52,16 +52,16 @@ public class CurateServlet extends DSpaceServlet
     private static final String TASK_QUEUE_NAME = ConfigurationManager.getProperty("curate", "ui.queuename");
 
     // curation status codes in Admin UI: key=status code, value=localized name
-    private static final Map<String, String> statusMessages = new HashMap<String, String>();
+    private static final Map<String, String> statusMessages = new HashMap<>();
 
     // curation tasks to appear in admin UI: key=taskID, value=friendly name
-    private static Map<String, String> allTasks = new LinkedHashMap<String, String>();
+    private static Map<String, String> allTasks = new LinkedHashMap<>();
 
     // named groups which display together in admin UI: key=groupID, value=friendly group name
-    private static Map<String, String> taskGroups = new LinkedHashMap<String, String>();
+    private static Map<String, String> taskGroups = new LinkedHashMap<>();
 
     // group membership: key=groupID, value=array of taskID
-    private static Map<String, String[]> groupedTasks = new LinkedHashMap<String, String[]>();
+    private static Map<String, String[]> groupedTasks = new LinkedHashMap<>();
 
     static
     {
@@ -79,25 +79,21 @@ public class CurateServlet extends DSpaceServlet
     }
 
     /** Logger */
-    private static Logger log = Logger.getLogger(CurateServlet.class);
+    private static final Logger log = Logger.getLogger(CurateServlet.class);
 
-    private CommunityService communityService;
+    private final transient CommunityService communityService
+             = ContentServiceFactory.getInstance().getCommunityService();
     
-    private CollectionService collectionService;
+    private final transient CollectionService collectionService
+             = ContentServiceFactory.getInstance().getCollectionService();
     
-    private ItemService itemService;
+    private final transient ItemService itemService
+             = ContentServiceFactory.getInstance().getItemService();
     
-    private HandleService handleService;
+    private final transient HandleService handleService
+             = HandleServiceFactory.getInstance().getHandleService();
     
     @Override
-    public void init() throws ServletException {
-    	super.init();
-    	communityService = ContentServiceFactory.getInstance().getCommunityService();
-    	collectionService = ContentServiceFactory.getInstance().getCollectionService();
-    	itemService = ContentServiceFactory.getInstance().getItemService();
-    	handleService = HandleServiceFactory.getInstance().getHandleService();
-    }
-    
     protected void doDSGet(Context context, HttpServletRequest request,
             HttpServletResponse response) throws ServletException, IOException,
             SQLException, AuthorizeException
@@ -105,6 +101,7 @@ public class CurateServlet extends DSpaceServlet
         doDSPost(context, request, response);
     }
 
+    @Override
     protected void doDSPost(Context context, HttpServletRequest request,
             HttpServletResponse response) throws ServletException, IOException,
             SQLException, AuthorizeException

dspace-jspui/src/main/java/org/dspace/app/webui/servlet/admin/EPersonAdminServlet.java

@@ -47,26 +47,22 @@ import org.dspace.eperson.service.GroupService;
  */
 public class EPersonAdminServlet extends DSpaceServlet
 {
-	private EPersonService personService;
+	private final transient EPersonService personService
+             = EPersonServiceFactory.getInstance().getEPersonService();
 	
-	private GroupService groupService;
+	private final transient GroupService groupService
+             = EPersonServiceFactory.getInstance().getGroupService();
 	
-	private AuthenticationService authenticationService;
+	private final transient AuthenticationService authenticationService
+             = AuthenticateServiceFactory.getInstance().getAuthenticationService();
 	
-	private AccountService accountService;
+	private final transient AccountService accountService
-	
+             = EPersonServiceFactory.getInstance().getAccountService();
-	@Override
-	public void init() throws ServletException {
-		super.init();
-		personService = EPersonServiceFactory.getInstance().getEPersonService();
-		groupService = EPersonServiceFactory.getInstance().getGroupService();
-		authenticationService = AuthenticateServiceFactory.getInstance().getAuthenticationService();
-		accountService = EPersonServiceFactory.getInstance().getAccountService();
-	}
 	
     /** Logger */
-    private static Logger log = Logger.getLogger(EPersonAdminServlet.class);
+    private static final Logger log = Logger.getLogger(EPersonAdminServlet.class);
     
+    @Override
     protected void doDSGet(Context context, HttpServletRequest request,
             HttpServletResponse response) throws ServletException, IOException,
             SQLException, AuthorizeException
@@ -74,6 +70,7 @@ public class EPersonAdminServlet extends DSpaceServlet
         showMain(context, request, response);
     }
 
+    @Override
     protected void doDSPost(Context context, HttpServletRequest request,
             HttpServletResponse response) throws ServletException, IOException,
             SQLException, AuthorizeException
@@ -321,7 +318,7 @@ public class EPersonAdminServlet extends DSpaceServlet
             // Check the EPerson exists
             if (e == null)
             {
-                request.setAttribute("no_eperson_selected", new Boolean(true));
+                request.setAttribute("no_eperson_selected", Boolean.TRUE);
                 showMain(context, request, response);
             }
             // Only super administrators can login as someone else.

dspace-jspui/src/main/java/org/dspace/app/webui/servlet/admin/EPersonListServlet.java

@@ -32,14 +32,10 @@ import org.dspace.eperson.service.EPersonService;
  */
 public class EPersonListServlet extends DSpaceServlet
 {
-	private EPersonService personService;
+	private final transient EPersonService personService
+             = EPersonServiceFactory.getInstance().getEPersonService();
 	
     @Override
-	public void init() throws ServletException {
-		super.init();
-		personService = EPersonServiceFactory.getInstance().getEPersonService();
-	}
-	
 	protected void doDSPost(Context context, HttpServletRequest request, 
 			HttpServletResponse response) throws ServletException, IOException, 
 			SQLException, AuthorizeException 
@@ -47,6 +43,7 @@ public class EPersonListServlet extends DSpaceServlet
 		doDSGet(context, request, response);
 	}
 
+    @Override
 	protected void doDSGet(Context context, HttpServletRequest request,
             HttpServletResponse response) throws ServletException, IOException,
             SQLException, AuthorizeException
@@ -94,18 +91,18 @@ public class EPersonListServlet extends DSpaceServlet
         if (search != null && !search.equals(""))
         {
             epeople = personService.search(context, search);
-            request.setAttribute("offset", Integer.valueOf(offset));
+            request.setAttribute("offset", offset);
         }
         else
         {
             // Retrieve the e-people in the specified order
             epeople = personService.findAll(context, sortBy);
-            request.setAttribute("offset", Integer.valueOf(0));
+            request.setAttribute("offset", 0);
         }        
         
         // Set attributes for JSP
-        request.setAttribute("sortby", Integer.valueOf(sortBy));
+        request.setAttribute("sortby", sortBy);
-        request.setAttribute("first", Integer.valueOf(first));
+        request.setAttribute("first", first);
         request.setAttribute("epeople", epeople);
         request.setAttribute("search", search);
         

dspace-jspui/src/main/java/org/dspace/app/webui/servlet/admin/EditCommunitiesServlet.java

@@ -77,47 +77,43 @@ public class EditCommunitiesServlet extends DSpaceServlet
     /** User wants to create a collection */
     public static final int START_CREATE_COLLECTION = 6;
 
-    /** User commited community edit or creation */
+    /** User committed community edit or creation */
     public static final int CONFIRM_EDIT_COMMUNITY = 7;
 
     /** User confirmed community deletion */
     public static final int CONFIRM_DELETE_COMMUNITY = 8;
 
-    /** User commited collection edit or creation */
+    /** User committed collection edit or creation */
     public static final int CONFIRM_EDIT_COLLECTION = 9;
 
     /** User wants to delete a collection */
     public static final int CONFIRM_DELETE_COLLECTION = 10;
 
     /** Logger */
-    private static Logger log = Logger.getLogger(EditCommunitiesServlet.class);
+    private static final Logger log = Logger.getLogger(EditCommunitiesServlet.class);
 
-    private CommunityService communityService;
+    private final transient CommunityService communityService
+             = ContentServiceFactory.getInstance().getCommunityService();
     
-    private static CollectionService collectionService;
+    private static final transient CollectionService collectionService
+             = ContentServiceFactory.getInstance().getCollectionService();
     
-    private BitstreamFormatService bitstreamFormatService;
+    private final transient BitstreamFormatService bitstreamFormatService
+             = ContentServiceFactory.getInstance().getBitstreamFormatService();
     
-    private BitstreamService bitstreamService;
+    private final transient BitstreamService bitstreamService
+             = ContentServiceFactory.getInstance().getBitstreamService();
     
-    private HarvestedCollectionService harvestedCollectionService;
+    private final transient HarvestedCollectionService harvestedCollectionService
+             = HarvestServiceFactory.getInstance().getHarvestedCollectionService();
 
-    private static AuthorizeService authorizeService; 
+    private static final transient AuthorizeService myAuthorizeService
+            = AuthorizeServiceFactory.getInstance().getAuthorizeService();
     
-    private GroupService groupService;
+    private final transient GroupService groupService
+             = EPersonServiceFactory.getInstance().getGroupService();
     
     @Override
-    public void init() throws ServletException {
-    	super.init();
-    	communityService = ContentServiceFactory.getInstance().getCommunityService();
-    	collectionService = ContentServiceFactory.getInstance().getCollectionService();
-    	bitstreamFormatService = ContentServiceFactory.getInstance().getBitstreamFormatService();
-    	bitstreamService = ContentServiceFactory.getInstance().getBitstreamService();
-    	harvestedCollectionService = HarvestServiceFactory.getInstance().getHarvestedCollectionService();
-    	authorizeService = AuthorizeServiceFactory.getInstance().getAuthorizeService();
-    	groupService = EPersonServiceFactory.getInstance().getGroupService();
-    }
-    
     protected void doDSGet(Context context, HttpServletRequest request,
             HttpServletResponse response) throws ServletException, IOException,
             SQLException, AuthorizeException
@@ -126,6 +122,7 @@ public class EditCommunitiesServlet extends DSpaceServlet
         showControls(context, request, response);
     }
 
+    @Override
     protected void doDSPost(Context context, HttpServletRequest request,
             HttpServletResponse response) throws ServletException, IOException,
             SQLException, AuthorizeException
@@ -333,7 +330,7 @@ public class EditCommunitiesServlet extends DSpaceServlet
             request.setAttribute("admin_remove_button", Boolean.FALSE);
         }
         
-        if (authorizeService.authorizeActionBoolean(context, community, Constants.DELETE))
+        if (myAuthorizeService.authorizeActionBoolean(context, community, Constants.DELETE))
         {
             request.setAttribute("delete_button", Boolean.TRUE);
         }
@@ -350,7 +347,7 @@ public class EditCommunitiesServlet extends DSpaceServlet
         catch (AuthorizeException authex) {
             request.setAttribute("policy_button", Boolean.FALSE);
         }
-        if (authorizeService.isAdmin(context, community))
+        if (myAuthorizeService.isAdmin(context, community))
         {
             request.setAttribute("admin_community", Boolean.TRUE);
         }
@@ -373,7 +370,7 @@ public class EditCommunitiesServlet extends DSpaceServlet
     static void storeAuthorizeAttributeCollectionEdit(Context context,
             HttpServletRequest request, Collection collection) throws SQLException
     {
-        if (authorizeService.isAdmin(context, collection))
+        if (myAuthorizeService.isAdmin(context, collection))
         {
             request.setAttribute("admin_collection", Boolean.TRUE);
         }
@@ -427,7 +424,7 @@ public class EditCommunitiesServlet extends DSpaceServlet
             request.setAttribute("template_button", Boolean.FALSE);
         }
         
-        if (authorizeService.authorizeActionBoolean(context, collectionService.getParentObject(context, collection), Constants.REMOVE))
+        if (myAuthorizeService.authorizeActionBoolean(context, collectionService.getParentObject(context, collection), Constants.REMOVE))
         {
             request.setAttribute("delete_button", Boolean.TRUE);
         }
@@ -993,7 +990,7 @@ public class EditCommunitiesServlet extends DSpaceServlet
             // Identify the format
             BitstreamFormat bf = bitstreamFormatService.guessFormat(context, logoBS);
             logoBS.setFormat(context, bf);
-            authorizeService.addPolicy(context, logoBS, Constants.WRITE, context.getCurrentUser());
+            myAuthorizeService.addPolicy(context, logoBS, Constants.WRITE, context.getCurrentUser());
             bitstreamService.update(context, logoBS);
 
             String jsp;
@@ -1020,7 +1017,7 @@ public class EditCommunitiesServlet extends DSpaceServlet
                 jsp = "/tools/edit-collection.jsp";
             }
             
-            if (authorizeService.isAdmin(context, dso))
+            if (myAuthorizeService.isAdmin(context, dso))
             {
                 // set a variable to show all buttons
                 request.setAttribute("admin_button", Boolean.TRUE);

dspace-jspui/src/main/java/org/dspace/app/webui/servlet/admin/EditItemServlet.java

@@ -104,40 +104,36 @@ public class EditItemServlet extends DSpaceServlet
     public static final int PUBLICIZE = 11;
 
     /** Logger */
-    private static Logger log = Logger.getLogger(EditCommunitiesServlet.class);
+    private static final Logger log = Logger.getLogger(EditCommunitiesServlet.class);
 
-    private CollectionService collectionService;
+    private final transient CollectionService collectionService
+             = ContentServiceFactory.getInstance().getCollectionService();
     
-    private ItemService itemService;
+    private final transient ItemService itemService
+             = ContentServiceFactory.getInstance().getItemService();
     
-    private BitstreamFormatService bitstreamFormatService;
+    private final transient BitstreamFormatService bitstreamFormatService
+             = ContentServiceFactory.getInstance().getBitstreamFormatService();
     
-    private BitstreamService bitstreamService;
+    private final transient BitstreamService bitstreamService
+             = ContentServiceFactory.getInstance().getBitstreamService();
     
-    private BundleService bundleService;
+    private final transient BundleService bundleService
+             = ContentServiceFactory.getInstance().getBundleService();
     
-    private HandleService handleService;
+    private final transient HandleService handleService
+             = HandleServiceFactory.getInstance().getHandleService();
     
-    private MetadataFieldService metadataFieldService;
+    private final transient MetadataFieldService metadataFieldService
+             = ContentServiceFactory.getInstance().getMetadataFieldService();
     
-    private MetadataSchemaService metadataSchemaService;
+    private final transient MetadataSchemaService metadataSchemaService
+             = ContentServiceFactory.getInstance().getMetadataSchemaService();
     
-    private CreativeCommonsService creativeCommonsService;
+    private final transient CreativeCommonsService creativeCommonsService
+             = LicenseServiceFactory.getInstance().getCreativeCommonsService();
     
     @Override
-    public void init() throws ServletException {
-    	super.init();
-    	collectionService = ContentServiceFactory.getInstance().getCollectionService();
-    	itemService = ContentServiceFactory.getInstance().getItemService();
-    	bitstreamFormatService = ContentServiceFactory.getInstance().getBitstreamFormatService();
-    	bitstreamService = ContentServiceFactory.getInstance().getBitstreamService();
-    	bundleService = ContentServiceFactory.getInstance().getBundleService();
-    	handleService = HandleServiceFactory.getInstance().getHandleService();
-    	metadataFieldService = ContentServiceFactory.getInstance().getMetadataFieldService();
-    	metadataSchemaService = ContentServiceFactory.getInstance().getMetadataSchemaService();
-    	creativeCommonsService = LicenseServiceFactory.getInstance().getCreativeCommonsService();
-    }
-    
     protected void doDSGet(Context context, HttpServletRequest request,
             HttpServletResponse response) throws ServletException, IOException,
             SQLException, AuthorizeException
@@ -197,6 +193,7 @@ public class EditItemServlet extends DSpaceServlet
         }
     }
 
+    @Override
     protected void doDSPost(Context context, HttpServletRequest request,
             HttpServletResponse response) throws ServletException, IOException,
             SQLException, AuthorizeException
@@ -308,7 +305,7 @@ public class EditItemServlet extends DSpaceServlet
                         List<Collection> allLinkedCollections = item.getCollections();
                     
                         // get only the collection where the current user has the right permission
-                        List<Collection> authNotLinkedCollections = new ArrayList<Collection>();
+                        List<Collection> authNotLinkedCollections = new ArrayList<>();
                         for (Collection c : allNotLinkedCollections)
                         {
                             if (authorizeService.authorizeActionBoolean(context, c, Constants.ADD))
@@ -317,7 +314,7 @@ public class EditItemServlet extends DSpaceServlet
                             }
                         }
 
-                List<Collection> authLinkedCollections = new ArrayList<Collection>();
+                List<Collection> authLinkedCollections = new ArrayList<>();
                 for (Collection c : allLinkedCollections)
                 {
                     if (authorizeService.authorizeActionBoolean(context, c, Constants.REMOVE))
@@ -466,7 +463,7 @@ public class EditItemServlet extends DSpaceServlet
         List<MetadataField> types = metadataFieldService.findAll(context);
         
         // Get a HashMap of metadata field ids and a field name to display
-        Map<Integer, String> metadataFields = new HashMap<Integer, String>();
+        Map<Integer, String> metadataFields = new HashMap<>();
         
         // Get all existing Schemas
         List<MetadataSchema> schemas = metadataSchemaService.findAll(context);
@@ -620,7 +617,7 @@ public class EditItemServlet extends DSpaceServlet
         Enumeration unsortedParamNames = request.getParameterNames();
 
         // Put them in a list
-        List<String> sortedParamNames = new LinkedList<String>();
+        List<String> sortedParamNames = new LinkedList<>();
 
         while (unsortedParamNames.hasMoreElements())
         {

dspace-jspui/src/main/java/org/dspace/app/webui/servlet/admin/GroupEditServlet.java

@@ -38,17 +38,13 @@ import org.dspace.eperson.service.GroupService;
  */
 public class GroupEditServlet extends DSpaceServlet
 {
-	private GroupService groupService;
+	private final transient GroupService groupService
+             = EPersonServiceFactory.getInstance().getGroupService();
 
-	private EPersonService personService;
+	private final transient EPersonService personService
+             = EPersonServiceFactory.getInstance().getEPersonService();
 	
     @Override
-	public void init() throws ServletException {
-		super.init();
-		groupService = EPersonServiceFactory.getInstance().getGroupService();
-		personService = EPersonServiceFactory.getInstance().getEPersonService();
-	}
-	
     protected void doDSGet(Context c, HttpServletRequest request,
             HttpServletResponse response) throws ServletException, IOException,
             SQLException, AuthorizeException
@@ -56,6 +52,7 @@ public class GroupEditServlet extends DSpaceServlet
         doDSPost(c, request, response);
     }
 
+    @Override
     protected void doDSPost(Context c, HttpServletRequest request,
             HttpServletResponse response) throws ServletException, IOException,
             SQLException, AuthorizeException
@@ -116,8 +113,8 @@ public class GroupEditServlet extends DSpaceServlet
                 {
                     // some epeople were listed, now make group's epeople match
                     // given epeople
-                    Set<UUID> memberSet = new HashSet<UUID>();
+                    Set<UUID> memberSet = new HashSet<>();
-                    Set<UUID> epersonIDSet = new HashSet<UUID>();
+                    Set<UUID> epersonIDSet = new HashSet<>();
 
                     // add all members to a set
                     for (EPerson m :  members)
@@ -164,8 +161,8 @@ public class GroupEditServlet extends DSpaceServlet
                 {
                     // some groups were listed, now make group's member groups
                     // match given group IDs
-                    Set<UUID> memberSet = new HashSet<UUID>();
+                    Set<UUID> memberSet = new HashSet<>();
-                    Set<UUID> groupIDSet = new HashSet<UUID>();
+                    Set<UUID> groupIDSet = new HashSet<>();
 
                     // add all members to a set
                     for (Group g : membergroups)

dspace-jspui/src/main/java/org/dspace/app/webui/servlet/admin/GroupListServlet.java

@@ -31,14 +31,10 @@ import org.dspace.eperson.service.GroupService;
  */
 public class GroupListServlet extends DSpaceServlet
 {
-	private GroupService groupService;
+	private final transient GroupService groupService
+             = EPersonServiceFactory.getInstance().getGroupService();
 	
     @Override
-	public void init() throws ServletException {
-		super.init();
-		groupService = EPersonServiceFactory.getInstance().getGroupService();
-	}
-	
 	protected void doDSGet(Context context,
 			HttpServletRequest request,
 			HttpServletResponse response)
@@ -61,8 +57,8 @@ public class GroupListServlet extends DSpaceServlet
 		List<Group> groups = groupService.findAll(context, sortBy);
 		
 		// Set attributes for JSP
-		request.setAttribute("sortby", Integer.valueOf(sortBy));
+		request.setAttribute("sortby", sortBy);
-		request.setAttribute("first",  Integer.valueOf(first));
+		request.setAttribute("first", first);
 		request.setAttribute("groups", groups);
 		if (multiple)
 		{

dspace-jspui/src/main/java/org/dspace/app/webui/servlet/admin/ItemMapServlet.java

@@ -46,20 +46,19 @@ import org.dspace.core.PluginManager;
  */
 public class ItemMapServlet extends DSpaceServlet
 {
-    private SearchRequestProcessor internalLogic;
+    private transient SearchRequestProcessor internalLogic;
 
-    private CollectionService collectionService;
+    private final transient CollectionService collectionService
+             = ContentServiceFactory.getInstance().getCollectionService();
     
-    private ItemService itemService;
+    private final transient ItemService itemService
+             = ContentServiceFactory.getInstance().getItemService();
 
     /** Logger */
-    private static Logger log = Logger.getLogger(ItemMapServlet.class);
+    private static final Logger log = Logger.getLogger(ItemMapServlet.class);
 
-    public void init() throws ServletException
+    public ItemMapServlet()
     {
-        super.init();
-        collectionService = ContentServiceFactory.getInstance().getCollectionService();
-        itemService = ContentServiceFactory.getInstance().getItemService();
     	try
         {
             internalLogic = (SearchRequestProcessor) PluginManager
@@ -68,7 +67,7 @@ public class ItemMapServlet extends DSpaceServlet
         catch (PluginConfigurationError e)
         {
             log.warn(
-                    "ItemMapServlet not properly configurated, please configure the SearchRequestProcessor plugin",
+                    "ItemMapServlet not properly configured -- please configure the SearchRequestProcessor plugin",
                     e);
         }
         if (internalLogic == null)
@@ -77,6 +76,7 @@ public class ItemMapServlet extends DSpaceServlet
         }
     }
 
+    @Override
     protected void doDSGet(Context context, HttpServletRequest request,
             HttpServletResponse response) throws java.sql.SQLException,
             javax.servlet.ServletException, java.io.IOException,
@@ -85,6 +85,7 @@ public class ItemMapServlet extends DSpaceServlet
         doDSPost(context, request, response);
     }
 
+    @Override
     protected void doDSPost(Context context, HttpServletRequest request,
             HttpServletResponse response) throws java.sql.SQLException,
             javax.servlet.ServletException, java.io.IOException,
@@ -125,9 +126,9 @@ public class ItemMapServlet extends DSpaceServlet
     		// also holds for interruption by pressing 'Cancel'
     		int count_native = 0; // # of items owned by this collection
     		int count_import = 0; // # of virtual items
-    		Map<UUID, Item> myItems = new HashMap<UUID, Item>(); // # for the browser
+    		Map<UUID, Item> myItems = new HashMap<>(); // # for the browser
-    		Map<UUID, Collection> myCollections = new HashMap<UUID, Collection>(); // collections for list
+    		Map<UUID, Collection> myCollections = new HashMap<>(); // collections for list
-    		Map<UUID, Integer> myCounts = new HashMap<UUID, Integer>(); // counts for each collection
+    		Map<UUID, Integer> myCounts = new HashMap<>(); // counts for each collection
     		
     		// get all items from that collection, add them to a hash
     		Iterator<Item> i = itemService.findAllByCollection(context, myCollection);
@@ -157,16 +158,16 @@ public class ItemMapServlet extends DSpaceServlet
                 if (myCollections.containsKey(cKey))
                 {
                     Integer x = myCounts.get(cKey);
-                    int myCount = x.intValue() + 1;
+                    int myCount = x + 1;
 
                     // increment count for that collection
-                    myCounts.put(cKey, Integer.valueOf(myCount));
+                    myCounts.put(cKey, myCount);
                 }
                 else
                 {
                     // store and initialize count
                     myCollections.put(cKey, owningCollection);
-                    myCounts.put(cKey, Integer.valueOf(1));
+                    myCounts.put(cKey, 1);
                 }
 
                 // store the item
@@ -180,8 +181,8 @@ public class ItemMapServlet extends DSpaceServlet
     		// sort items - later
     		// show page
     		request.setAttribute("collection", myCollection);
-    		request.setAttribute("count_native", Integer.valueOf(count_native));
+    		request.setAttribute("count_native", count_native);
-    		request.setAttribute("count_import", Integer.valueOf(count_import));
+    		request.setAttribute("count_import", count_import);
     		request.setAttribute("items", myItems);
     		request.setAttribute("collections", myCollections);
     		request.setAttribute("collection_counts", myCounts);
@@ -203,7 +204,7 @@ public class ItemMapServlet extends DSpaceServlet
     		// get item IDs to remove
     		List<UUID> itemIDs = Util.getUUIDParameters(request, "item_ids");
     		String message = "remove";
-    		LinkedList<UUID> removedItems = new LinkedList<UUID>();
+    		LinkedList<UUID> removedItems = new LinkedList<>();
     		
                 if (itemIDs == null)
                 {
@@ -250,7 +251,7 @@ public class ItemMapServlet extends DSpaceServlet
     		// get item IDs to add
     		List<UUID> itemIDs = Util.getUUIDParameters(request, "item_ids");
     		String message = "added";
-    		LinkedList<UUID> addedItems = new LinkedList<UUID>();
+    		LinkedList<UUID> addedItems = new LinkedList<>();
     		
     		
     		if (itemIDs == null)
@@ -317,7 +318,7 @@ public class ItemMapServlet extends DSpaceServlet
     		
     		// now find all imported items from that collection
     		// seemingly inefficient, but database should have this query cached
-            Map<UUID, Item> items = new HashMap<UUID, Item>();
+            Map<UUID, Item> items = new HashMap<>();
     		Iterator<Item> i = itemService.findAllByCollection(context, myCollection);
             while (i.hasNext())
             {

dspace-jspui/src/main/java/org/dspace/app/webui/servlet/admin/LicenseEditServlet.java

@@ -30,18 +30,14 @@ import org.dspace.core.service.LicenseService;
  */
 public class LicenseEditServlet extends DSpaceServlet
 {
-	private LicenseService licenseService;
+	private final transient LicenseService licenseService
-	
+             = CoreServiceFactory.getInstance().getLicenseService();
-	@Override
-	public void init() throws ServletException {
-		super.init();
-		licenseService = CoreServiceFactory.getInstance().getLicenseService();
-	}
 	
     /**
      * Handle GET requests. This does nothing but forwards
      * the request on to the POST handler.
      */
+    @Override
     protected void doDSGet(Context c, HttpServletRequest request,
             HttpServletResponse response) throws ServletException, IOException,
             SQLException, AuthorizeException
@@ -53,6 +49,7 @@ public class LicenseEditServlet extends DSpaceServlet
     /**
      * Handle the POST requests.
      */
+    @Override
     protected void doDSPost(Context c, HttpServletRequest request,
             HttpServletResponse response) throws ServletException, IOException,
             SQLException, AuthorizeException

dspace-jspui/src/main/java/org/dspace/app/webui/servlet/admin/MetadataFieldRegistryServlet.java

@@ -40,25 +40,21 @@ import org.dspace.core.Context;
 public class MetadataFieldRegistryServlet extends DSpaceServlet
 {
     /** Logger */
-    private static Logger log = Logger.getLogger(MetadataFieldRegistryServlet.class);
+    private static final Logger log = Logger.getLogger(MetadataFieldRegistryServlet.class);
-    private String clazz = "org.dspace.app.webui.servlet.admin.MetadataFieldRegistryServlet";
+    private static final String clazz = "org.dspace.app.webui.servlet.admin.MetadataFieldRegistryServlet";
 
-    private MetadataFieldService fieldService;
+    private final transient MetadataFieldService fieldService
+             = ContentServiceFactory.getInstance().getMetadataFieldService();
 
-    private MetadataSchemaService schemaService;
+    private final transient MetadataSchemaService schemaService
-    
+             = ContentServiceFactory.getInstance().getMetadataSchemaService();
-    @Override
-    public void init() throws ServletException {
-    	super.init();
-    	fieldService = ContentServiceFactory.getInstance().getMetadataFieldService();
-    	schemaService = ContentServiceFactory.getInstance().getMetadataSchemaService();
-    }
 
     /**
      * @see org.dspace.app.webui.servlet.DSpaceServlet#doDSGet(org.dspace.core.Context,
      *      javax.servlet.http.HttpServletRequest,
      *      javax.servlet.http.HttpServletResponse)
      */
+    @Override
     protected void doDSGet(Context context, HttpServletRequest request,
             HttpServletResponse response) throws ServletException, IOException,
             SQLException, AuthorizeException
@@ -73,6 +69,7 @@ public class MetadataFieldRegistryServlet extends DSpaceServlet
      *      javax.servlet.http.HttpServletRequest,
      *      javax.servlet.http.HttpServletResponse)
      */
+    @Override
     protected void doDSPost(Context context, HttpServletRequest request,
             HttpServletResponse response) throws ServletException, IOException,
             SQLException, AuthorizeException

dspace-jspui/src/main/java/org/dspace/app/webui/servlet/admin/MetadataSchemaRegistryServlet.java

@@ -37,17 +37,14 @@ import org.dspace.core.Context;
 public class MetadataSchemaRegistryServlet extends DSpaceServlet
 {
     /** Logger */
-    private static Logger log = Logger.getLogger(MetadataSchemaRegistryServlet.class);
+    private static final Logger log = Logger.getLogger(MetadataSchemaRegistryServlet.class);
-    private String clazz = "org.dspace.app.webui.servlet.admin.MetadataSchemaRegistryServlet";
 
-    private MetadataSchemaService schemaService;
+    private static final String clazz = "org.dspace.app.webui.servlet.admin.MetadataSchemaRegistryServlet";
+
+    private final transient MetadataSchemaService schemaService
+             = ContentServiceFactory.getInstance().getMetadataSchemaService();
     
     @Override
-    public void init() throws ServletException {
-    	super.init();
-    	schemaService = ContentServiceFactory.getInstance().getMetadataSchemaService();
-    }
-    
     protected void doDSGet(Context context, HttpServletRequest request,
             HttpServletResponse response) throws ServletException, IOException,
             SQLException, AuthorizeException
@@ -56,6 +53,7 @@ public class MetadataSchemaRegistryServlet extends DSpaceServlet
         showSchemas(context, request, response);
     }
 
+    @Override
     protected void doDSPost(Context context, HttpServletRequest request,
             HttpServletResponse response) throws ServletException, IOException,
             SQLException, AuthorizeException

dspace-jspui/src/main/java/org/dspace/app/webui/servlet/admin/NewsEditServlet.java

@@ -29,14 +29,10 @@ import org.dspace.core.service.NewsService;
  */
 public class NewsEditServlet extends DSpaceServlet
 {
-	private NewsService newsService;
+	private final transient NewsService newsService
+             = CoreServiceFactory.getInstance().getNewsService();
 	
     @Override
-	public void init() throws ServletException {
-		super.init();
-		newsService = CoreServiceFactory.getInstance().getNewsService();
-	}
-	
     protected void doDSGet(Context c, HttpServletRequest request,
             HttpServletResponse response) throws ServletException, IOException,
             SQLException, AuthorizeException
@@ -45,6 +41,7 @@ public class NewsEditServlet extends DSpaceServlet
         JSPManager.showJSP(request, response, "/dspace-admin/news-main.jsp");
     }
 
+    @Override
     protected void doDSPost(Context c, HttpServletRequest request,
             HttpServletResponse response) throws ServletException, IOException,
             SQLException, AuthorizeException

dspace-jspui/src/main/java/org/dspace/app/webui/servlet/admin/SuperviseServlet.java

@@ -41,25 +41,21 @@ public class SuperviseServlet extends org.dspace.app.webui.servlet.DSpaceServlet
 {
     
      /** log4j category */
-    private static Logger log = Logger.getLogger(SuperviseServlet.class);
+    private static final Logger log = Logger.getLogger(SuperviseServlet.class);
     
-    private GroupService groupService;
+    private final transient GroupService groupService
+             = EPersonServiceFactory.getInstance().getGroupService();
     
-    private SupervisorService supervisorService;
+    private final transient SupervisorService supervisorService
+             = EPersonServiceFactory.getInstance().getSupervisorService();
     
-    private SupervisedItemService supervisedItemService;
+    private final transient SupervisedItemService supervisedItemService
+             = ContentServiceFactory.getInstance().getSupervisedItemService();
     
-    private WorkspaceItemService workspaceItemService;
+    private final transient WorkspaceItemService workspaceItemService
+             = ContentServiceFactory.getInstance().getWorkspaceItemService();
     
     @Override
-    public void init() throws ServletException {
-    	super.init();
-    	groupService = EPersonServiceFactory.getInstance().getGroupService();
-    	supervisedItemService = ContentServiceFactory.getInstance().getSupervisedItemService();
-    	supervisorService = EPersonServiceFactory.getInstance().getSupervisorService();
-    	workspaceItemService = ContentServiceFactory.getInstance().getWorkspaceItemService();
-    }
-    
     protected void doDSGet(Context c, 
         HttpServletRequest request, HttpServletResponse response)
         throws ServletException, IOException, SQLException, AuthorizeException
@@ -68,6 +64,7 @@ public class SuperviseServlet extends org.dspace.app.webui.servlet.DSpaceServlet
         doDSPost(c, request, response);
     }
     
+    @Override
     protected void doDSPost(Context c, 
         HttpServletRequest request, HttpServletResponse response)
         throws ServletException, IOException, SQLException, AuthorizeException

dspace-jspui/src/main/java/org/dspace/app/webui/servlet/admin/WorkflowAbortServlet.java

@@ -33,17 +33,13 @@ import org.dspace.workflowbasic.factory.BasicWorkflowServiceFactory;
  */
 public class WorkflowAbortServlet extends DSpaceServlet
 {
-	private WorkflowItemService workflowItemService;
+	private final transient WorkflowItemService workflowItemService
+             = BasicWorkflowServiceFactory.getInstance().getWorkflowItemService();
 	
-	private WorkflowService workflowService;
+	private final transient WorkflowService workflowService
+             = BasicWorkflowServiceFactory.getInstance().getWorkflowService();
 
     @Override
-	public void init() throws ServletException {
-		super.init();
-		workflowService = BasicWorkflowServiceFactory.getInstance().getWorkflowService();
-		workflowItemService = BasicWorkflowServiceFactory.getInstance().getWorkflowItemService();
-	}
-	
     protected void doDSGet(Context c, HttpServletRequest request,
             HttpServletResponse response) throws ServletException, IOException,
             SQLException, AuthorizeException
@@ -52,6 +48,7 @@ public class WorkflowAbortServlet extends DSpaceServlet
         showWorkflows(c, request, response);
     }
 
+    @Override
     protected void doDSPost(Context c, HttpServletRequest request,
             HttpServletResponse response) throws ServletException, IOException,
             SQLException, AuthorizeException