Recipe using bake to build with custom arguments (#2141)

* Example using bake to build with custom arguments

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* Add missing language markers

* Unify markdown style in recipes.md

* Update docs/using/recipe_code/docker-bake.python312.hcl

---------

Co-authored-by: pre-commit-ci[bot] <66853113+pre-commit-ci[bot]@users.noreply.github.com>
Co-authored-by: Ayaz Salikhov <mathbunnyru@users.noreply.github.com>

docs/using/recipe_code/docker-bake.python312.hcl

@@ -0,0 +1,45 @@
+group "default" {
+    targets = ["custom-notebook"]
+}
+
+target "foundation" {
+    context = "https://github.com/jupyter/docker-stacks.git#main:images/docker-stacks-foundation"
+    args = {
+        PYTHON_VERSION = "3.12"
+    }
+    tags = ["docker-stacks-foundation"]
+}
+
+
+target "base-notebook" {
+    context = "https://github.com/jupyter/docker-stacks.git#main:images/base-notebook"
+    contexts = {
+        docker-stacks-foundation = "target:foundation"
+    }
+    args = {
+        BASE_CONTAINER = "docker-stacks-foundation"
+    }
+    tags = ["base-notebook"]
+}
+
+target "minimal-notebook" {
+    context = "https://github.com/jupyter/docker-stacks.git#main:images/minimal-notebook"
+    contexts = {
+        base-notebook = "target:base-notebook"
+    }
+    args = {
+        BASE_CONTAINER = "base-notebook"
+    }
+    tags = ["minimal-notebook"]
+}
+
+target "custom-notebook" {
+    context = "."
+    contexts = {
+        minimal-notebook = "target:minimal-notebook"
+    }
+    args = {
+        BASE_CONTAINER = "minimal-notebook"
+    }
+    tags = ["custom-jupyter"]
+}

docs/using/recipes.md

@@ -525,3 +525,57 @@ they may be explained in the "Installation instructions" section of the Download
 ```{literalinclude} recipe_code/oracledb.dockerfile
 :language: docker
 ```
+
+## Building stack images with custom arguments
+
+A selection of prebuilt images are available from Quay.io,
+however, it's impossible to cater to everybody's needs.
+For extensive customization with an automated build pipeline,
+you may wish to create a [community-maintained stack](https://jupyter-docker-stacks.readthedocs.io/en/latest/contributing/stacks.html),
+however, for minor customizations, this may be overkill.
+For example, you may wish to use the same jupyter stacks but built on a different base image,
+or build with a different Python version.
+
+To achieve this you can use [Docker Bake](https://docs.docker.com/build/bake/)
+to build the stacks locally with custom arguments.
+
+```{note}
+Custom arguments may result in build errors due to incompatibility.
+If so your use-case may require a fully customized stack.
+```
+
+As a basic example, if you want to build a custom image based on the `minimal-notebook` image using `Python 3.12`,
+then with a Dockerfile like:
+
+```{code-block} Dockerfile
+:caption: Dockerfile
+
+ARG BASE_CONTAINER=minimal-notebook
+FROM $BASE_CONTAINER
+...
+```
+
+Include the below file in your project:
+
+```{literalinclude} recipe_code/docker-bake.python312.hcl
+:force:
+:language: hcl
+:caption: docker-bake.hcl
+```
+
+To build this stack, in the same directory run:
+
+```bash
+docker buildx bake
+```
+
+Docker Bake then determines the correct build order from the `contexts` parameters
+and builds the stack as requested.
+
+This image can then be run using:
+
+```bash
+docker run custom-jupyter
+```
+
+or referenced in a docker compose file.