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# JupyterHub services # Services
JupyterHub 0.7 adds the notion of Services.
A Service is a process that interacts with the Hub REST API.
Services may perform actions such as shutting down user servers that have been idle for some time,
or registering additional web servers that should also use the Hub's authentication
and be served behind the Hub's proxy.
There are two main characteristics of services: With version 0.7, JupyterHub adds support for 'Services'.
1. Is it **managed** by JupyterHub?
2. Does it have a web server that should be added to the proxy?
If a `command` is specified for launching the service, it will be started and managed by the Hub. ## JupyterHub's definition of a Service
If a `url` is specified for where the service runs its own webserver,
it will be added to the Hub's proxy at `/service/:service-name`.
## Managed services When working with JupyterHub, a Service is defined as a process that interacts
with the Hub's REST API. A Service may perform a specialized action or
specific task. For example, each of these tasks can be a unique Service:
**Managed** services are services that the Hub starts and is responsible for. - shutting down individuals' single user notebook servers that have been idle
These can only be local subprocesses of the Hub, for some time
and the Hub will take care of starting these processes and restarting them if they stop. - registering additional web servers which should use the Hub's authentication
and be served behind the Hub's proxy.
While there are similarities with notebook Spawners, Two main characteristics help define a Service:
there are no plans to support the same spawning abstractions as notebook.
If you want to run these services in docker or other environments,
you can register it as an external service below.
A managed service is characterized by the `command` specified for launching the service. 1. Is the *Service* **managed** by JupyterHub?
2. Does the *Service* have a web server that should be added to the proxy's
table?
Currently, a Service may be either a 'Hub-Managed Service' which is managed by
JupyterHub, or an 'Externally-Managed Service' which runs its own web server and
communicates operation instructions via the Hub's API.
### Properties of a Service
If a `command` is specified for launching the Service, the Service will be
started and managed by the Hub.
If a `url` is specified for where the Service runs its own web server,
JupyterHub will add the Service to the Hub's proxy at
`/service/:service-name`.
## Hub-Managed Service
If a Service is started by the Hub and the Hub is responsible for the
Service's actions, the Service is referred to as a **Hub-Managed Service** of
JupyterHub. Hub-Managed Services can only be a local subprocesses of the Hub. The
Hub will take care of starting these processes and restarting them if they
stop.
While Hub-Managed Services share some similarities with notebook Spawners,
there are no plans for Hub-Managed Services to support the same spawning
abstractions as a notebook Spawner. If you wish to run Services in
Docker or other deployment environments, the Service can be registered as an
Externally-Managed Service, as described below.
### Launching a Hub-Managed Service
A Hub-Managed Service is characterized by its specified `command` for launching
the Service. For example, the configuration of a 'cull idle' notebook server
Hub-Managed Service would include the Service name, admin permissions, and the
`command` to launch the Service which will cull idle servers after a timeout
interval:
```python ```python
c.JupyterHub.services = [ c.JupyterHub.services = [
{ {
'name': 'cull-idle', 'name': 'cull-idle',
'admin': True, 'admin': True,
'command': ['python', '/path/to/cull-idle.py', '--interval'] 'command': ['python', '/path/to/cull-idle.py', '--timeout']
} }
] ]
``` ```
In addition to `command`, managed services can take additional optional parameters,
to describe the environment in which to start the process:
- `env: dict` additional environment variables for the service. In addition to the `command` to launch the Service, a Hub-Managed Service may also
be configured with additional optional parameters, which describe the
environment needed to start the process:
- `env: dict` additional environment variables for the Service.
- `user: str` name of the user to run the server as if different from the Hub. - `user: str` name of the user to run the server as if different from the Hub.
Requires Hub to be root. Requires Hub to be root.
- `cwd: path` directory in which to run the service, if different from the Hub directory. - `cwd: path` directory in which to run the Service, if different from the
Hub directory.
When the service starts, the Hub will pass the following environment variables: The Hub will pass the following environment variables to launch the Service:
``` ```
JUPYTERHUB_SERVICE_NAME: the name of the service ('cull-idle' above) JUPYTERHUB_SERVICE_NAME: the name of the service
JUPYTERHUB_API_TOKEN: API token assigned to the service
JUPYTERHUB_API_URL: URL for the JupyterHub API (default, http://127.0.0.1:8080/hub/api)
JUPYTERHUB_BASE_URL: Base URL of the Hub (https://mydomain[:port]/)
JUPYTERHUB_SERVICE_PREFIX: URL path prefix of this service (/services/:service-name/)
```
For the previous example, these environment variables would be passed when
starting the 'cull idle' Service:
```
JUPYTERHUB_SERVICE_NAME: 'cull-idle'
JUPYTERHUB_API_TOKEN: API token assigned to the service JUPYTERHUB_API_TOKEN: API token assigned to the service
JUPYTERHUB_API_URL: URL for the JupyterHub API (http://127.0.0.1:8080/hub/api) JUPYTERHUB_API_URL: http://127.0.0.1:8080/hub/api
JUPYTERHUB_BASE_URL: Base URL of the Hub (https://mydomain[:port]/) JUPYTERHUB_BASE_URL: https://mydomain[:port]
JUPYTERHUB_SERVICE_PREFIX: URL path prefix of this service (/services/cull-idle/) JUPYTERHUB_SERVICE_PREFIX: /services/cull-idle/
``` ```
## External services ## Externally-Managed Services
You can use your own service management tools, such as docker or systemd, to manage JupyterHub services. To meet your specific use case needs, you may use your own service management
These are not subprocesses of the Hub, and you must tell JupyterHub what API token the service is using to perform its API requests. tools, such as Docker or systemd, to manage a JupyterHub Service.
Each service will need a unique API token because the Hub authenticates each API request, These Externally-Managed Services, unlike Hub-Managed Services, are not subprocesses of
identifying the originating service or user. the Hub. You must tell JupyterHub which API token the Externally-Managed Service is
using to perform its API requests. Each Externally-Managed Service will need a unique
API token because the Hub authenticates each API request and the API token is
used to identify the originating Service or user.
An example of an externally managed service with admin access and running its own web server: A configuration example of an Externally-Managed Service with admin access and running its
own web server is:
```python ```python
c.JupyterHub.services = [ c.JupyterHub.services = [
@@ -85,4 +130,5 @@ TODO
TODO TODO
JupyterHub 0.7 introduces some utiltiies for you to use that allow you to use the Hub's authentication mechanism. JupyterHub 0.7 introduces some utilities to use the Hub's authentication
mechanism.