release 1.1.0

changelog for 1.1.0

.circleci/config.yml

@@ -19,3 +19,57 @@ jobs:
           name: smoke test jupyterhub
           command: |
             docker run --rm -it jupyterhub/jupyterhub jupyterhub --help
+
+  docs:
+    # This is the base environment that Circle will use
+    docker:
+      - image: circleci/python:3.6-stretch
+    steps:
+      # Get our data and merge with upstream
+      - run: sudo apt-get update
+      - checkout
+      # Update our path
+      - run: echo "export PATH=~/.local/bin:$PATH" >> $BASH_ENV
+      # Restore cached files to speed things up
+      - restore_cache:
+          keys:
+            - cache-pip
+      # Install the packages needed to build our documentation
+      - run:
+          name: Install NodeJS
+          command: |
+            # From https://github.com/nodesource/distributions/blob/master/README.md#debinstall
+            curl -sL https://deb.nodesource.com/setup_13.x | sudo -E bash -
+            sudo apt-get install -y nodejs
+
+      - run:
+          name: Install dependencies
+          command: |
+            python3 -m pip install --user -r dev-requirements.txt
+            python3 -m pip install --user -r docs/requirements.txt
+            sudo npm install -g configurable-http-proxy
+            sudo python3 -m pip install --editable .
+
+      # Cache some files for a speedup in subsequent builds
+      - save_cache:
+          key: cache-pip
+          paths:
+            - ~/.cache/pip
+      # Build the docs
+      - run:
+          name: Build docs to store
+          command: |
+            cd docs
+            make html
+      # Tell Circle to store the documentation output in a folder that we can access later
+      - store_artifacts:
+          path: docs/build/html/
+          destination: html
+
+# Tell CircleCI to use this workflow when it builds the site
+workflows:
+  version: 2
+  default:
+    jobs:
+      - build
+      - docs

.coveragerc

@@ -1,4 +1,5 @@
 [run]
+parallel = True
 branch = False
 omit =
     jupyterhub/tests/*

.flake8

@@ -10,13 +10,12 @@
 # E402: module level import not at top of file
 # I100: Import statements are in the wrong order
 # I101: Imported names are in the wrong order. Should be
-ignore = E, C, W, F401, F403, F811, F841, E402, I100, I101
-
+ignore = E, C, W, F401, F403, F811, F841, E402, I100, I101, D400
+builtins = c, get_config
 exclude =
     .cache,
     .github,
     docs,
-    examples,
     jupyterhub/alembic*,
     onbuild,
     scripts,

.github/ISSUE_TEMPLATE/bug_report.md

@@ -1,37 +1,39 @@
 ---
-name: Bug report
+name: Issue report
 about: Create a report to help us improve
 
 ---
 
+<!---
 Hi! Thanks for using JupyterHub.
 
-If you are reporting an issue with JupyterHub, please use the [GitHub issue](https://github.com/jupyterhub/jupyterhub/issues) search feature to check if your issue has been asked already. If it has, please add your comments to the existing issue.
+If you are reporting an issue with JupyterHub, please use the GitHub search feature to check if your issue has been asked already. If it has, please add your comments to the existing issue.
+
+Some tips:
+- Running `jupyter troubleshoot` from the command line, if possible, and posting
+its output would also be helpful.
+- Running JupyterHub in `--debug` mode (`jupyterhub --debug`) can also be helpful for troubleshooting.
+--->
 
 **Describe the bug**
 A clear and concise description of what the bug is.
 
+<!---Add description here--->
+
 **To Reproduce**
-Steps to reproduce the behavior:
+<!---
+Please share the steps to reproduce the behavior:
 1. Go to '...'
 2. Click on '....'
 3. Scroll down to '....'
 4. See error
+--->
 
 **Expected behavior**
+<!---
 A clear and concise description of what you expected to happen.
+--->
 
-**Screenshots**
-If applicable, add screenshots to help explain your problem.
-
-**Desktop (please complete the following information):**
- - OS: [e.g. iOS]
- - Browser [e.g. chrome, safari]
- - Version [e.g. 22]
-
-**Additional context**
-Add any other context about the problem here.
-
-- Running `jupyter troubleshoot` from the command line, if possible, and posting
-its output would also be helpful.
-- Running in `--debug` mode can also be helpful for troubleshooting.
+**Compute Information**
+ - Operating System
+ - JupyterHub Version [e.g. 22]

.github/ISSUE_TEMPLATE/installation-and-configuration-issues.md

@@ -1,7 +1,22 @@
 ---
-name: Installation and configuration issues
+name: Installation and configuration questions
 about: Installation and configuration assistance
 
 ---
 
-If you are having issues with installation or configuration, you may ask for help on the JupyterHub gitter channel or file an issue here.
+<!---
+If you are reading this message, you have probably already searched the existing
+GitHub issues for JupyterHub. If you haven't tried a search, we encourage you to do so.
+
+If you are unsure where to ask your question (Jupyter, JupyterHub, JupyterLab, etc.),
+please ask on our [Discourse Q&A channel](https://discourse.jupyter.org/c/questions).
+
+If you have a quick question about JupyterHub installation or configuratation, you
+may ask on the [JupyterHub gitter channel](https://gitter.im/jupyterhub/jupyterhub).
+
+:sunny: Please be patient. We are volunteers and will address your question when we are able. :sunny:
+
+If after trying the above steps, you still have an in-depth installation or
+configuration question, such as a possible bug, please file an issue below and include
+any relevant details.
+--->

.gitignore

@@ -21,6 +21,8 @@ share/jupyterhub/static/css/style.min.css.map
 *.egg-info
 MANIFEST
 .coverage
+.coverage.*
 htmlcov
 .idea/
 .pytest_cache
+pip-wheel-metadata

.pre-commit-config.yaml

@@ -0,0 +1,20 @@
+repos:
+- repo: https://github.com/asottile/reorder_python_imports
+  rev: v1.8.0
+  hooks:
+  - id: reorder-python-imports
+    language_version: python3.6
+- repo: https://github.com/ambv/black
+  rev: 19.10b0
+  hooks:
+  - id: black
+- repo: https://github.com/pre-commit/pre-commit-hooks
+  rev: v2.4.0
+  hooks:
+  - id: end-of-file-fixer
+  - id: check-json
+  - id: check-yaml
+  - id: check-case-conflict
+  - id: check-executables-have-shebangs
+  - id: requirements-txt-fixer
+  - id: flake8

.travis.yml

@@ -1,22 +1,20 @@
+dist: bionic
 language: python
-sudo: false
 cache:
   - pip
-python:
-  - 3.6
-  - 3.5
-  - nightly
 env:
   global:
-    - ASYNC_TEST_TIMEOUT=15
     - MYSQL_HOST=127.0.0.1
     - MYSQL_TCP_PORT=13306
+
+# request additional services for the jobs to access
 services:
-  - postgres
+  - postgresql
   - docker
 
-# installing dependencies
+# install dependencies for running pytest (but not linting)
 before_install:
+  - set -e
   - nvm install 6; nvm use 6
   - npm install
   - npm install -g configurable-http-proxy
@@ -26,43 +24,71 @@ before_install:
       unset MYSQL_UNIX_PORT
       DB=mysql bash ci/docker-db.sh
       DB=mysql bash ci/init-db.sh
-      pip install 'mysql-connector<2.2'
+      # FIXME: mysql-connector-python 8.0.16 incorrectly decodes bytes to str
+      # ref: https://bugs.mysql.com/bug.php?id=94944
+      pip install 'mysql-connector-python==8.0.11'
     elif [[ $JUPYTERHUB_TEST_DB_URL == postgresql* ]]; then
+      psql -c "CREATE USER $PGUSER WITH PASSWORD '$PGPASSWORD';" -U postgres
       DB=postgres bash ci/init-db.sh
       pip install psycopg2-binary
     fi
+
+# install general dependencies
 install:
   - pip install --upgrade pip
-  - pip install --pre -r dev-requirements.txt .
+  - pip install --upgrade --pre -r dev-requirements.txt .
   - pip freeze
 
-# running tests
-script:
-  - |
 # run tests
-    set -e
-    pytest -v --maxfail=2 --cov=jupyterhub jupyterhub/tests
-  - |
-    # build docs
-    pushd docs
-    pip install -r requirements.txt
-    make html
-    popd
+script:
+  - pytest -v --maxfail=2 --cov=jupyterhub jupyterhub/tests
+
+# collect test coverage information
 after_success:
   - codecov
 
-matrix:
-  fast_finish: true
+# list the jobs
+jobs:
   include:
-    - python: 3.6
+    - name: autoformatting check
+      python: 3.6
+      # NOTE: It does not suffice to override to: null, [], or [""]. Travis will
+      #       fall back to the default if we do.
+      before_install: echo "Do nothing before install."
+      script:
+        - pre-commit run --all-files
+      after_success: echo "Do nothing after success."
+      after_failure:
+        - |
+          echo "You can install pre-commit hooks to automatically run formatting"
+          echo "on each commit with:"
+          echo "    pre-commit install"
+          echo "or you can run by hand on staged files with"
+          echo "    pre-commit run"
+          echo "or after-the-fact on already committed files with"
+          echo "    pre-commit run --all-files"
+    # When we run pytest, we want to run it with python>=3.5 as well as with
+    # various configurations. We increment the python version at the same time
+    # as we test new configurations in order to reduce the number of test jobs.
+    - name: python:3.5 + dist:xenial
+      python: 3.5
+      dist: xenial
+    - name: python:3.6 + subdomain
+      python: 3.6
       env: JUPYTERHUB_TEST_SUBDOMAIN_HOST=http://localhost.jovyan.org:8000
-    - python: 3.6
+    - name: python:3.7 + mysql
+      python: 3.7
       env:
         - JUPYTERHUB_TEST_DB_URL=mysql+mysqlconnector://root@127.0.0.1:$MYSQL_TCP_PORT/jupyterhub
-    - python: 3.6
+    - name: python:3.8 + postgresql
+      python: 3.8
       env:
-        - JUPYTERHUB_TEST_DB_URL=postgresql://postgres@127.0.0.1/jupyterhub
-    - python: 3.7
-      dist: xenial
+        - PGUSER=jupyterhub
+        - PGPASSWORD=hub[test/:?
+        # The password in url below is url-encoded with: urllib.parse.quote($PGPASSWORD, safe='')
+        - JUPYTERHUB_TEST_DB_URL=postgresql://jupyterhub:hub%5Btest%2F%3A%3F@127.0.0.1/jupyterhub
+    - name: python:nightly
+      python: nightly
   allow_failures:
-    - python: nightly
+    - name: python:nightly
+  fast_finish: true

CONTRIBUTING.md

@@ -1,98 +1,131 @@
-# Contributing
+# Contributing to JupyterHub
 
-Welcome! As a [Jupyter](https://jupyter.org) project, we follow the [Jupyter contributor guide](https://jupyter.readthedocs.io/en/latest/contributor/content-contributor.html).
+Welcome! As a [Jupyter](https://jupyter.org) project,
+you can follow the [Jupyter contributor guide](https://jupyter.readthedocs.io/en/latest/contributor/content-contributor.html).
+
+Make sure to also follow [Project Jupyter's Code of Conduct](https://github.com/jupyter/governance/blob/master/conduct/code_of_conduct.md)
+for a friendly and welcoming collaborative environment.
+
+## Setting up a development environment
+
+JupyterHub requires Python >= 3.5 and nodejs.
+
+As a Python project, a development install of JupyterHub follows standard practices for the basics (steps 1-2).
 
 
-## Set up your development system
-
-For a development install, clone the [repository](https://github.com/jupyterhub/jupyterhub)
-and then install from source:
-
+1. clone the repo
     ```bash
     git clone https://github.com/jupyterhub/jupyterhub
+    ```
+2. do a development install with pip
+
+    ```bash
     cd jupyterhub
+    python3 -m pip install --editable .
+    ```
+3. install the development requirements,
+   which include things like testing tools
+
+    ```bash
+    python3 -m pip install -r dev-requirements.txt
+    ```
+4. install configurable-http-proxy with npm:
+
+    ```bash
     npm install -g configurable-http-proxy
-pip3 install -r dev-requirements.txt -e .
     ```
-
-### Troubleshooting a development install
-
-If the `pip3 install` command fails and complains about `lessc` being
-unavailable, you may need to explicitly install some additional JavaScript
-dependencies:
-
-    npm install
-
-This will fetch client-side JavaScript dependencies necessary to compile CSS.
-
-You may also need to manually update JavaScript and CSS after some development
-updates, with:
+5. set up pre-commit hooks for automatic code formatting, etc.
 
     ```bash
-python3 setup.py js    # fetch updated client-side js
-python3 setup.py css   # recompile CSS from LESS sources
+    pre-commit install
     ```
 
-## Running the test suite
-
-We use [pytest](http://doc.pytest.org/en/latest/) for running tests. 
-
-1. Set up a development install as described above. 
-
-2. Set environment variable for `ASYNC_TEST_TIMEOUT` to 15 seconds:
+    You can also invoke the pre-commit hook manually at any time with
 
     ```bash
-export ASYNC_TEST_TIMEOUT=15
+    pre-commit run
     ```
 
-3. Run tests.
+## Contributing
 
-To run all the tests:
+JupyterHub has adopted automatic code formatting so you shouldn't
+need to worry too much about your code style.
+As long as your code is valid,
+the pre-commit hook should take care of how it should look.
+You can invoke the pre-commit hook by hand at any time with:
 
 ```bash
-pytest -v jupyterhub/tests
+pre-commit run
 ```
 
-To run an individual test file (i.e. `test_api.py`):
+which should run any autoformatting on your code
+and tell you about any errors it couldn't fix automatically.
+You may also install [black integration](https://github.com/ambv/black#editor-integration)
+into your text editor to format code automatically.
+
+If you have already committed files before setting up the pre-commit
+hook with `pre-commit install`, you can fix everything up using
+`pre-commit run --all-files`.  You need to make the fixing commit
+yourself after that.
+
+## Testing
+
+It's a good idea to write tests to exercise any new features,
+or that trigger any bugs that you have fixed to catch regressions.
+
+You can run the tests with:
 
 ```bash
-pytest -v jupyterhub/tests/test_api.py
+pytest -v
 ```
 
-### Troubleshooting tests
-
-If you see test failures because of timeouts, you may wish to increase the
-`ASYNC_TEST_TIMEOUT` used by the
-[pytest-tornado-plugin](https://github.com/eugeniy/pytest-tornado/blob/c79f68de2222eb7cf84edcfe28650ebf309a4d0c/README.rst#markers)
-from the default of 5 seconds:
+in the repo directory. If you want to just run certain tests,
+check out the [pytest docs](https://pytest.readthedocs.io/en/latest/usage.html)
+for how pytest can be called.
+For instance, to test only spawner-related things in the REST API:
 
 ```bash
-export ASYNC_TEST_TIMEOUT=15
+pytest -v -k spawn jupyterhub/tests/test_api.py
 ```
 
-If you see many test errors and failures, double check that you have installed
-`configurable-http-proxy`.
+The tests live in `jupyterhub/tests` and are organized roughly into:
 
-## Building the Docs locally
+1. `test_api.py` tests the REST API
+2. `test_pages.py` tests loading the HTML pages
 
-1. Install the development system as described above.
+and other collections of tests for different components.
+When writing a new test, there should usually be a test of
+similar functionality already written and related tests should
+be added nearby.
 
-2. Install the dependencies for documentation:
+The fixtures live in `jupyterhub/tests/conftest.py`. There are
+fixtures that can be used for JupyterHub components, such as:
 
-```bash
-python3 -m pip install -r docs/requirements.txt
-```
+- `app`: an instance of JupyterHub with mocked parts
+- `auth_state_enabled`: enables persisting auth_state (like authentication tokens)
+- `db`: a sqlite in-memory DB session
+- `io_loop`: a Tornado event loop
+- `event_loop`: a new asyncio event loop
+- `user`: creates a new temporary user
+- `admin_user`: creates a new temporary admin user
+- single user servers
+  - `cleanup_after`: allows cleanup of single user servers between tests
+- mocked service
+  - `MockServiceSpawner`: a spawner that mocks services for testing with a short poll interval
+  - `mockservice`: mocked service with no external service url
+  - `mockservice_url`: mocked service with a url to test external services
 
-3. Build the docs:
+And fixtures to add functionality or spawning behavior:
 
-```bash
-cd docs
-make clean
-make html
-```
+- `admin_access`: grants admin access
+- `no_patience`: sets slow-spawning timeouts to zero
+- `slow_spawn`: enables the SlowSpawner (a spawner that takes a few seconds to start)
+- `never_spawn`: enables the NeverSpawner (a spawner that will never start)
+- `bad_spawn`: enables the BadSpawner (a spawner that fails immediately)
+- `slow_bad_spawn`: enables the SlowBadSpawner (a spawner that fails after a short delay)
 
-4. View the docs:
+To read more about fixtures check out the
+[pytest docs](https://docs.pytest.org/en/latest/fixture.html)
+for how to use the existing fixtures, and how to create new ones.
 
-```bash
-open build/html/index.html
-```
+When in doubt, feel free to ask.

Dockerfile

@@ -21,40 +21,84 @@
 # your jupyterhub_config.py will be added automatically
 # from your docker directory.
 
-FROM ubuntu:18.04
-LABEL maintainer="Jupyter Project <jupyter@googlegroups.com>"
+# https://github.com/tianon/docker-brew-ubuntu-core/commit/d4313e13366d24a97bd178db4450f63e221803f1
+ARG BASE_IMAGE=ubuntu:bionic-20191029@sha256:6e9f67fa63b0323e9a1e587fd71c561ba48a034504fb804fd26fd8800039835d
+FROM $BASE_IMAGE AS builder
+
+USER root
 
-# install nodejs, utf8 locale, set CDN because default httpredir is unreliable
 ENV DEBIAN_FRONTEND noninteractive
-RUN apt-get -y update && \
-    apt-get -y upgrade && \
-    apt-get -y install wget git bzip2 && \
-    apt-get purge && \
-    apt-get clean && \
-    rm -rf /var/lib/apt/lists/*
-ENV LANG C.UTF-8
+RUN apt-get update \
+ && apt-get install -yq --no-install-recommends \
+    build-essential \
+    ca-certificates \
+    locales \
+    python3-dev \
+    python3-pip \
+    python3-pycurl \
+    nodejs \
+    npm \
+ && apt-get clean \
+ && rm -rf /var/lib/apt/lists/*
 
-# install Python + NodeJS with conda
-RUN wget -q https://repo.continuum.io/miniconda/Miniconda3-4.5.1-Linux-x86_64.sh -O /tmp/miniconda.sh  && \
-    echo '0c28787e3126238df24c5d4858bd0744 */tmp/miniconda.sh' | md5sum -c - && \
-    bash /tmp/miniconda.sh -f -b -p /opt/conda && \
-    /opt/conda/bin/conda install --yes -c conda-forge \
-      python=3.6 sqlalchemy tornado jinja2 traitlets requests pip pycurl \
-      nodejs configurable-http-proxy && \
-    /opt/conda/bin/pip install --upgrade pip && \
-    rm /tmp/miniconda.sh
-ENV PATH=/opt/conda/bin:$PATH
+# copy only what we need to avoid unnecessary rebuilds
+COPY package.json \
+     pyproject.toml \
+     README.md \
+     requirements.txt \
+     setup.py \
+     /src/jupyterhub/
+COPY jupyterhub/ /src/jupyterhub/jupyterhub
+COPY share/ /src/jupyterhub/share
 
-ADD . /src/jupyterhub
 WORKDIR /src/jupyterhub
+RUN python3 -m pip install --upgrade setuptools pip wheel
+RUN python3 -m pip wheel -v --wheel-dir wheelhouse .
 
-RUN pip install . && \
-    rm -rf $PWD ~/.cache ~/.npm
+
+FROM $BASE_IMAGE
+
+USER root
+
+ENV DEBIAN_FRONTEND=noninteractive
+
+RUN apt-get update \
+ && apt-get install -yq --no-install-recommends \
+    ca-certificates \
+    curl \
+    gnupg \
+    locales \
+    python3-pip \
+    python3-pycurl \
+    nodejs \
+    npm \
+ && apt-get clean \
+ && rm -rf /var/lib/apt/lists/*
+
+ENV SHELL=/bin/bash \
+    LC_ALL=en_US.UTF-8 \
+    LANG=en_US.UTF-8 \
+    LANGUAGE=en_US.UTF-8
+
+RUN  locale-gen $LC_ALL
+
+# always make sure pip is up to date!
+RUN python3 -m pip install --no-cache --upgrade setuptools pip
+
+RUN npm install -g configurable-http-proxy@^4.2.0 \
+ && rm -rf ~/.npm
+
+# install the wheels we built in the first stage
+COPY --from=builder /src/jupyterhub/wheelhouse /tmp/wheelhouse
+COPY --from=builder /src/jupyterhub/share /src/jupyterhub/share
+RUN python3 -m pip install --no-cache /tmp/wheelhouse/*
 
 RUN mkdir -p /srv/jupyterhub/
 WORKDIR /srv/jupyterhub/
+
 EXPOSE 8000
 
+LABEL maintainer="Jupyter Project <jupyter@googlegroups.com>"
 LABEL org.jupyter.service="jupyterhub"
 
 CMD ["jupyterhub"]

PULL_REQUEST_TEMPLATE.md

@@ -1 +0,0 @@
-

README.md

@@ -10,13 +10,16 @@
 # [JupyterHub](https://github.com/jupyterhub/jupyterhub)
 
 
-[![PyPI](https://img.shields.io/pypi/v/jupyterhub.svg)](https://pypi.python.org/pypi/jupyterhub)
-[![Documentation Status](https://readthedocs.org/projects/jupyterhub/badge/?version=latest)](https://jupyterhub.readthedocs.org/en/latest/?badge=latest)
-[![Documentation Status](http://readthedocs.org/projects/jupyterhub/badge/?version=0.7.2)](https://jupyterhub.readthedocs.io/en/0.7.2/?badge=0.7.2)
-[![Build Status](https://travis-ci.org/jupyterhub/jupyterhub.svg?branch=master)](https://travis-ci.org/jupyterhub/jupyterhub)
-[![Circle CI](https://circleci.com/gh/jupyterhub/jupyterhub.svg?style=shield&circle-token=b5b65862eb2617b9a8d39e79340b0a6b816da8cc)](https://circleci.com/gh/jupyterhub/jupyterhub)
-[![codecov.io](https://codecov.io/github/jupyterhub/jupyterhub/coverage.svg?branch=master)](https://codecov.io/github/jupyterhub/jupyterhub?branch=master)
-[![Google Group](https://img.shields.io/badge/google-group-blue.svg)](https://groups.google.com/forum/#!forum/jupyter)
+[![Latest PyPI version](https://img.shields.io/pypi/v/jupyterhub?logo=pypi)](https://pypi.python.org/pypi/jupyterhub)
+[![Latest conda-forge version](https://img.shields.io/conda/vn/conda-forge/jupyterhub?logo=conda-forge)](https://www.npmjs.com/package/jupyterhub)
+[![Documentation build status](https://img.shields.io/readthedocs/jupyterhub?logo=read-the-docs)](https://jupyterhub.readthedocs.org/en/latest/)
+[![TravisCI build status](https://img.shields.io/travis/jupyterhub/jupyterhub/master?logo=travis)](https://travis-ci.org/jupyterhub/jupyterhub)
+[![DockerHub build status](https://img.shields.io/docker/build/jupyterhub/jupyterhub?logo=docker&label=build)](https://hub.docker.com/r/jupyterhub/jupyterhub/tags)
+[![CircleCI build status](https://img.shields.io/circleci/build/github/jupyterhub/jupyterhub?logo=circleci)](https://circleci.com/gh/jupyterhub/jupyterhub)<!-- CircleCI Token: b5b65862eb2617b9a8d39e79340b0a6b816da8cc -->
+[![Test coverage of code](https://codecov.io/gh/jupyterhub/jupyterhub/branch/master/graph/badge.svg)](https://codecov.io/gh/jupyterhub/jupyterhub)
+[![GitHub](https://img.shields.io/badge/issue_tracking-github-blue?logo=github)](https://github.com/jupyterhub/jupyterhub/issues)
+[![Discourse](https://img.shields.io/badge/help_forum-discourse-blue?logo=discourse)](https://discourse.jupyter.org/c/jupyterhub)
+[![Gitter](https://img.shields.io/badge/social_chat-gitter-blue?logo=gitter)](https://gitter.im/jupyterhub/jupyterhub)
 
 With [JupyterHub](https://jupyterhub.readthedocs.io) you can create a
 **multi-user Hub** which spawns, manages, and proxies multiple instances of the
@@ -145,11 +148,11 @@ To start the Hub on a specific url and port ``10.0.1.2:443`` with **https**:
 ### Authenticators
 
 | Authenticator                                                                | Description                                       |
-| --------------------------------------------------------------------------- | ------------------------------------------------- |
+| ---------------------------------------------------------------------------- | ------------------------------------------------- |
 | PAMAuthenticator                                                             | Default, built-in authenticator                   |
 | [OAuthenticator](https://github.com/jupyterhub/oauthenticator)               | OAuth + JupyterHub Authenticator = OAuthenticator |
 | [ldapauthenticator](https://github.com/jupyterhub/ldapauthenticator)         | Simple LDAP Authenticator Plugin for JupyterHub   |
-| [kdcAuthenticator](https://github.com/bloomberg/jupyterhub-kdcauthenticator)| Kerberos Authenticator Plugin for JupyterHub      |
+| [kerberosauthenticator](https://github.com/jupyterhub/kerberosauthenticator) | Kerberos Authenticator Plugin for JupyterHub      |
 
 ### Spawners
 
@@ -161,6 +164,7 @@ To start the Hub on a specific url and port ``10.0.1.2:443`` with **https**:
 | [sudospawner](https://github.com/jupyterhub/sudospawner)       | Spawn single-user servers without being root                               |
 | [systemdspawner](https://github.com/jupyterhub/systemdspawner) | Spawn single-user notebook servers using systemd                           |
 | [batchspawner](https://github.com/jupyterhub/batchspawner)     | Designed for clusters using batch scheduling software                      |
+| [yarnspawner](https://github.com/jupyterhub/yarnspawner)       | Spawn single-user notebook servers distributed on a Hadoop cluster         |
 | [wrapspawner](https://github.com/jupyterhub/wrapspawner)       | WrapSpawner and ProfilesSpawner enabling runtime configuration of spawners |
 
 ## Docker
@@ -204,6 +208,9 @@ and the [`CONTRIBUTING.md`](CONTRIBUTING.md). The `CONTRIBUTING.md` file
 explains how to set up a development installation, how to run the test suite,
 and how to contribute to documentation.
 
+For a high-level view of the vision and next directions of the project, see the
+[JupyterHub community roadmap](docs/source/contributing/roadmap.md).
+
 ### A note about platform support
 
 JupyterHub is supported on Linux/Unix based systems.
@@ -237,6 +244,9 @@ our JupyterHub [Gitter](https://gitter.im/jupyterhub/jupyterhub) channel.
 - [Documentation for JupyterHub's REST API](http://petstore.swagger.io/?url=https://raw.githubusercontent.com/jupyter/jupyterhub/master/docs/rest-api.yml#/default)
 - [Documentation for Project Jupyter](http://jupyter.readthedocs.io/en/latest/index.html) | [PDF](https://media.readthedocs.org/pdf/jupyter/latest/jupyter.pdf)
 - [Project Jupyter website](https://jupyter.org)
+- [Project Jupyter community](https://jupyter.org/community)
+
+JupyterHub follows the Jupyter [Community Guides](https://jupyter.readthedocs.io/en/latest/community/content-community.html).
 
 ---
 

bower-lite

@@ -1,19 +1,16 @@
 #!/usr/bin/env python
-
 # Copyright (c) Jupyter Development Team.
 # Distributed under the terms of the Modified BSD License.
-
 """
 bower-lite
 
 Since Bower's on its way out,
 stage frontend dependencies from node_modules into components
 """
-
 import json
 import os
-from os.path import join
 import shutil
+from os.path import join
 
 HERE = os.path.abspath(os.path.dirname(__file__))
 

ci/docker-db.sh

@@ -2,7 +2,7 @@
 # source this file to setup postgres and mysql
 # for local testing (as similar as possible to docker)
 
-set -e
+set -eu
 
 export MYSQL_HOST=127.0.0.1
 export MYSQL_TCP_PORT=${MYSQL_TCP_PORT:-13306}
@@ -40,6 +40,15 @@ for i in {1..60}; do
 done
 $CHECK
 
+case "$DB" in
+"mysql")
+  ;;
+"postgres")
+  # create the user
+  psql --user postgres -c "CREATE USER $PGUSER WITH PASSWORD '$PGPASSWORD';"
+  ;;
+*)
+esac
 
 echo -e "
 Set these environment variables:

ci/init-db.sh

@@ -1,7 +1,7 @@
 #!/usr/bin/env bash
 # initialize jupyterhub databases for testing
 
-set -e
+set -eu
 
 MYSQL="mysql --user root --host $MYSQL_HOST --port $MYSQL_TCP_PORT -e "
 PSQL="psql --user postgres -c "
@@ -21,7 +21,7 @@ esac
 
 set -x
 
-for SUFFIX in '' _upgrade_072 _upgrade_081; do
+for SUFFIX in '' _upgrade_072 _upgrade_081 _upgrade_094; do
     $SQL "DROP DATABASE jupyterhub${SUFFIX};" 2>/dev/null || true
-    $SQL "CREATE DATABASE jupyterhub${SUFFIX} ${EXTRA_CREATE};"
+    $SQL "CREATE DATABASE jupyterhub${SUFFIX} ${EXTRA_CREATE:-};"
 done

dev-requirements.txt

@@ -1,14 +1,20 @@
 -r requirements.txt
-mock
-beautifulsoup4
-codecov
-cryptography
-pytest-cov
-pytest-tornado
-pytest>=3.3
-notebook
-requests-mock
-virtualenv
 # temporary pin of attrs for jsonschema 0.3.0a1
 # seems to be a pip bug
 attrs>=17.4.0
+beautifulsoup4
+codecov
+coverage
+cryptography
+html5lib  # needed for beautifulsoup
+mock
+notebook
+pre-commit
+pytest-asyncio
+pytest-cov
+pytest>=3.3
+requests-mock
+# blacklist urllib3 releases affected by https://github.com/urllib3/urllib3/issues/1683
+# I *think* this should only affect testing, not production
+urllib3!=1.25.4,!=1.25.5
+virtualenv

dockerfiles/Dockerfile.alpine

@@ -7,5 +7,3 @@ ENV LANG=en_US.UTF-8
 
 USER nobody
 CMD ["jupyterhub"]
-
-

dockerfiles/README.md

@@ -12,10 +12,9 @@ Dockerfile.alpine  contains base image for jupyterhub. It does not work independ
 
 * start configurable-http-proxy in another container
 * specify CONFIGPROXY_AUTH_TOKEN env in both containers
-* put both containers on the same network (e.g. docker create network jupyterhub; docker run ... --net jupyterhub)
+* put both containers on the same network (e.g. docker network create jupyterhub; docker run ... --net jupyterhub)
 * tell jupyterhub where CHP is (e.g. c.ConfigurableHTTPProxy.api_url = 'http://chp:8001')
 * tell jupyterhub not to start the proxy itself (c.ConfigurableHTTPProxy.should_start = False)
 * Use dummy authenticator for ease of testing. Update following in jupyterhub_config file
     - c.JupyterHub.authenticator_class = 'dummyauthenticator.DummyAuthenticator'
     - c.DummyAuthenticator.password = "your strong password"
-

docs/environment.yml

@@ -4,19 +4,17 @@ name: jhub_docs
 channels:
   - conda-forge
 dependencies:
+- pip
 - nodejs
 - python=3.6
 - alembic
 - jinja2
 - pamela
+- recommonmark==0.6.0
 - requests
 - sqlalchemy>=1
 - tornado>=5.0
 - traitlets>=4.1
 - sphinx>=1.7
 - pip:
-  - python-oauth2
-  - recommonmark==0.4.0
-  - async_generator
-  - prometheus_client
-  - attrs>=17.4.0
+  - -r requirements.txt

docs/requirements.txt

@@ -1,5 +1,10 @@
 # ReadTheDocs uses the `environment.yaml` so make sure to update that as well
 # if you change this file
 -r ../requirements.txt
+alabaster_jupyterhub
+autodoc-traits
+git+https://github.com/pandas-dev/pandas-sphinx-theme.git@master
+recommonmark==0.5.0
+sphinx-copybutton
+sphinx-jsonschema
 sphinx>=1.7
-recommonmark==0.4.0

docs/rest-api.yml

@@ -1,4 +1,4 @@
-# see me at: http://petstore.swagger.io/?url=https://raw.githubusercontent.com/jupyter/jupyterhub/master/docs/rest-api.yml#/default
+# see me at: http://petstore.swagger.io/?url=https://raw.githubusercontent.com/jupyterhub/jupyterhub/master/docs/rest-api.yml#/default
 swagger: '2.0'
 info:
   title: JupyterHub
@@ -7,7 +7,7 @@ info:
   license:
     name: BSD-3-Clause
 schemes:
-  - [http, https]
+  [http, https]
 securityDefinitions:
   token:
     type: apiKey
@@ -89,7 +89,7 @@ paths:
     post:
       summary: Create multiple users
       parameters:
-        - name: data
+        - name: body
           in: body
           required: true
           schema:
@@ -147,7 +147,7 @@ paths:
           in: path
           required: true
           type: string
-        - name: data
+        - name: body
           in: body
           required: true
           description: Updated user info. At least one key to be updated (name or admin) is required.
@@ -176,6 +176,63 @@ paths:
       responses:
         '204':
           description: The user has been deleted
+  /users/{name}/activity:
+    post:
+      summary:
+        Notify Hub of activity for a given user.
+      description:
+        Notify the Hub of activity by the user,
+        e.g. accessing a service or (more likely)
+        actively using a server.
+      parameters:
+        - name: name
+          description: username
+          in: path
+          required: true
+          type: string
+        - name: body
+          in: body
+          schema:
+            type: object
+            properties:
+              last_activity:
+                type: string
+                format: date-time
+                description: |
+                  Timestamp of last-seen activity for this user.
+                  Only needed if this is not activity associated
+                  with using a given server.
+              servers:
+                description: |
+                  Register activity for specific servers by name.
+                  The keys of this dict are the names of servers.
+                  The default server has an empty name ('').
+                type: object
+                properties:
+                  '<server name>':
+                    description: |
+                      Activity for a single server.
+                    type: object
+                    required:
+                      - last_activity
+                    properties:
+                      last_activity:
+                        type: string
+                        format: date-time
+                        description: |
+                          Timestamp of last-seen activity on this server.
+            example:
+              last_activity: '2019-02-06T12:54:14Z'
+              servers:
+                '':
+                  last_activity: '2019-02-06T12:54:14Z'
+                gpu:
+                  last_activity: '2019-02-06T12:54:14Z'
+      responses:
+        '401':
+          $ref: '#/responses/Unauthorized'
+        '404':
+          description: No such user
   /users/{name}/server:
     post:
       summary: Start a user's single-user notebook server
@@ -185,6 +242,16 @@ paths:
           in: path
           required: true
           type: string
+        - name: options
+          description: |
+            Spawn options can be passed as a JSON body
+            when spawning via the API instead of spawn form.
+            The structure of the options
+            will depend on the Spawner's configuration.
+          in: body
+          required: false
+          schema:
+            type: object
       responses:
         '201':
           description: The user's notebook server has started
@@ -217,6 +284,16 @@ paths:
           in: path
           required: true
           type: string
+        - name: options
+          description: |
+            Spawn options can be passed as a JSON body
+            when spawning via the API instead of spawn form.
+            The structure of the options
+            will depend on the Spawner's configuration.
+          in: body
+          required: false
+          schema:
+            type: object
       responses:
         '201':
           description: The user's notebook named-server has started
@@ -235,12 +312,26 @@ paths:
           in: path
           required: true
           type: string
+        - name: remove
+          description: |
+            Whether to fully remove the server, rather than just stop it.
+            Removing a server deletes things like the state of the stopped server.
+          in: body
+          required: false
+          schema:
+            type: boolean
       responses:
         '204':
           description: The user's notebook named-server has stopped
         '202':
           description: The user's notebook named-server has not yet stopped as it is taking a while to stop
   /users/{name}/tokens:
+    parameters:
+      - name: name
+        description: username
+        in: path
+        required: true
+        type: string
     get:
       summary: List tokens for the user
       responses:
@@ -250,25 +341,43 @@ paths:
             type: array
             items:
               $ref: '#/definitions/Token'
+        '401':
+          $ref: '#/responses/Unauthorized'
+        '404':
+          description: No such user
     post:
       summary: Create a new token for the user
       parameters:
-        - name: expires_in
+        - name: token_params
+          in: body
+          required: false
+          schema:
+            type: object
+            properties:
+              expires_in:
                 type: number
-          required: false
-          in: body
                 description: lifetime (in seconds) after which the requested token will expire.
-        - name: note
+              note:
                 type: string
-          required: false
-          in: body
                 description: A note attached to the token for future bookkeeping
       responses:
         '201':
           description: The newly created token
           schema:
             $ref: '#/definitions/Token'
+        '400':
+          description: Body must be a JSON dict or empty
   /users/{name}/tokens/{token_id}:
+    parameters:
+      - name: name
+        description: username
+        in: path
+        required: true
+        type: string
+      - name: token_id
+        in: path
+        required: true
+        type: string
     get:
       summary: Get the model for a token by id
       responses:
@@ -282,12 +391,13 @@ paths:
         '204':
           description: The token has been deleted
   /user:
+    get:
       summary: Return authenticated user's model
-    description:
-    parameters:
       responses:
         '200':
           description: The authenticated user's model is returned.
+          schema:
+            $ref: '#/definitions/User'
   /groups:
     get:
       summary: List groups
@@ -345,7 +455,7 @@ paths:
           in: path
           required: true
           type: string
-        - name: data
+        - name: body
           in: body
           required: true
           description: The users to add to the group
@@ -370,7 +480,7 @@ paths:
           in: path
           required: true
           type: string
-        - name: data
+        - name: body
           in: body
           required: true
           description: The users to remove from the group
@@ -428,7 +538,7 @@ paths:
       summary: Notify the Hub about a new proxy
       description: Notifies the Hub of a new proxy to use.
       parameters:
-        - name: data
+        - name: body
           in: body
           required: true
           description: Any values that have changed for the new proxy. All keys are optional.
@@ -460,13 +570,14 @@ paths:
         Logging in via this method is only available when the active Authenticator
         accepts passwords (e.g. not OAuth).
       parameters:
-        - name: username
+        - name: credentials
           in: body
-          required: false
+          schema:
+            type: object
+            properties:
+              username:
                 type: string
-        - name: password
-          in: body
-          required: false
+              password:
                 type: string
       responses:
         '200':
@@ -539,6 +650,11 @@ paths:
           in: query
           required: true
           type: string
+      responses:
+        '200':
+          description: Success
+        '400':
+          description: OAuth2Error
   /oauth2/token:
     post:
       summary: Request an OAuth2 token
@@ -550,27 +666,27 @@ paths:
       parameters:
         - name: client_id
           description: The client id
-          in: form
+          in: formData
           required: true
           type: string
         - name: client_secret
           description: The client secret
-          in: form
+          in: formData
           required: true
           type: string
         - name: grant_type
           description: The grant type (always 'authorization_code')
-          in: form
+          in: formData
           required: true
           type: string
         - name: code
           description: The code provided by the authorization redirect
-          in: form
+          in: formData
           required: true
           type: string
         - name: redirect_uri
           description: The redirect url
-          in: form
+          in: formData
           required: true
           type: string
       responses:
@@ -589,14 +705,28 @@ paths:
     post:
       summary: Shutdown the Hub
       parameters:
-        - name: proxy
+        - name: body
           in: body
+          schema:
+            type: object
+            properties:
+              proxy:
                 type: boolean
                 description: Whether the proxy should be shutdown as well (default from Hub config)
-        - name: servers
-          in: body
+              servers:
                 type: boolean
                 description: Whether users' notebook servers should be shutdown as well (default from Hub config)
+      responses:
+        '202':
+          description: Shutdown successful
+        '400':
+          description: Unexpeced value for proxy or servers
+# Descriptions of common responses
+responses:
+  NotFound:
+    description: The specified resource was not found
+  Unauthorized:
+    description: Authentication/Authorization error
 definitions:
   User:
     type: object
@@ -624,10 +754,9 @@ definitions:
         format: date-time
         description: Timestamp of last-seen activity from the user
       servers:
-        type: object
+        type: array
         description: The active servers for this user.
         items:
-          schema:
           $ref: '#/definitions/Server'
   Server:
     type: object

docs/source/_templates/page.html

@@ -1,30 +0,0 @@
-{% extends '!page.html' %}
-
-{# Custom template for page.html
-
-   Alabaster theme does not provide blocks for prev/next at bottom of each page.
-   This is _in addition_ to the prev/next in the  sidebar. The "Prev/Next" text
-   or symbols are handled by CSS classes in _static/custom.css
-#}
-
-{% macro prev_next(prev, next, prev_title='', next_title='') %}
-  {%- if prev %}
-     <a class='left-prev' href="{{ prev.link|e }}" title="{{ _('previous chapter')}}">{{ prev_title or prev.title }}</a>
-  {%- endif %}
-  {%- if next %}
-     <a class='right-next' href="{{ next.link|e }}" title="{{ _('next chapter')}}">{{ next_title or next.title }}</a>
-  {%- endif %}
-  <div style='clear:both;'></div>
-{% endmacro %}
-
-
-{% block body %}
-  <div class='prev-next-top'>
-    {{ prev_next(prev, next, 'Previous', 'Next') }}
-  </div>
-
-  {{super()}}
-  <div class='prev-next-bottom'>
-    {{ prev_next(prev, next) }}
-  </div>
-{% endblock %}

docs/source/admin/upgrading.rst

@@ -0,0 +1,159 @@
+.. _admin/upgrading:
+
+====================
+Upgrading JupyterHub
+====================
+
+JupyterHub offers easy upgrade pathways between minor versions. This
+document describes how to do these upgrades.
+
+If you are using :ref:`a JupyterHub distribution <index/distributions>`, you
+should consult the distribution's documentation on how to upgrade. This
+document is if you have set up your own JupyterHub without using a
+distribution.
+
+It is long because is pretty detailed! Most likely, upgrading
+JupyterHub is painless, quick and with minimal user interruption.
+
+Read the Changelog
+==================
+
+The `changelog <../changelog.html>`_ contains information on what has
+changed with the new JupyterHub release, and any deprecation warnings.
+Read these notes to familiarize yourself with the coming changes. There
+might be new releases of authenticators & spawners you are using, so
+read the changelogs for those too!
+
+Notify your users
+=================
+
+If you are using the default configuration where ``configurable-http-proxy``
+is managed by JupyterHub, your users will see service disruption during
+the upgrade process. You should notify them, and pick a time to do the
+upgrade where they will be least disrupted.
+
+If you are using a different proxy, or running ``configurable-http-proxy``
+independent of JupyterHub, your users will be able to continue using notebook
+servers they had already launched, but will not be able to launch new servers
+nor sign in.
+
+
+Backup database & config
+========================
+
+Before doing an upgrade, it is critical to back up:
+
+#. Your JupyterHub database (sqlite by default, or MySQL / Postgres
+   if you used those). If you are using sqlite (the default), you
+   should backup the ``jupyterhub.sqlite`` file.
+#. Your ``jupyterhub_config.py`` file.
+#. Your user's home directories. This is unlikely to be affected directly by
+   a JupyterHub upgrade, but we recommend a backup since user data is very
+   critical.
+
+
+Shutdown JupyterHub
+===================
+
+Shutdown the JupyterHub process. This would vary depending on how you
+have set up JupyterHub to run. Most likely, it is using a process
+supervisor of some sort (``systemd`` or ``supervisord`` or even ``docker``).
+Use the supervisor specific command to stop the JupyterHub process.
+
+Upgrade JupyterHub packages
+===========================
+
+There are two environments where the ``jupyterhub`` package is installed:
+
+#. The *hub environment*, which is where the JupyterHub server process
+   runs. This is started with the ``jupyterhub`` command, and is what
+   people generally think of as JupyterHub.
+
+#. The *notebook user environments*. This is where the user notebook
+   servers are launched from, and is probably custom to your own
+   installation. This could be just one environment (different from the
+   hub environment) that is shared by all users, one environment
+   per user, or same environment as the hub environment. The hub
+   launched the ``jupyterhub-singleuser`` command in this environment,
+   which in turn starts the notebook server.
+
+You need to make sure the version of the ``jupyterhub`` package matches
+in both these environments. If you installed ``jupyterhub`` with pip,
+you can upgrade it with:
+
+.. code-block:: bash
+
+   python3 -m pip install --upgrade jupyterhub==<version>
+
+Where ``<version>`` is the version of JupyterHub you are upgrading to.
+
+If you used ``conda`` to install ``jupyterhub``, you should upgrade it
+with:
+
+.. code-block:: bash
+
+   conda install -c conda-forge jupyterhub==<version>
+
+Where ``<version>`` is the version of JupyterHub you are upgrading to.
+
+You should also check for new releases of the authenticator & spawner you
+are using. You might wish to upgrade those packages too along with JupyterHub,
+or upgrade them separately.
+
+Upgrade JupyterHub database
+===========================
+
+Once new packages are installed, you need to upgrade the JupyterHub
+database. From the hub environment, in the same directory as your
+``jupyterhub_config.py`` file, you should run:
+
+.. code-block:: bash
+
+   jupyterhub upgrade-db
+
+This should find the location of your database, and run necessary upgrades
+for it.
+
+SQLite database disadvantages
+-----------------------------
+
+SQLite has some disadvantages when it comes to upgrading JupyterHub. These
+are:
+
+-  ``upgrade-db`` may not work, and you may need delete your database
+   and start with a fresh one.
+-  ``downgrade-db`` **will not** work if you want to rollback to an
+   earlier version, so backup the ``jupyterhub.sqlite`` file before
+   upgrading
+
+What happens if I delete my database?
+-------------------------------------
+
+Losing the Hub database is often not a big deal. Information that
+resides only in the Hub database includes:
+
+-  active login tokens (user cookies, service tokens)
+-  users added via JupyterHub UI, instead of config files
+-  info about running servers
+
+If the following conditions are true, you should be fine clearing the
+Hub database and starting over:
+
+-  users specified in config file, or login using an external
+   authentication provider (Google, GitHub, LDAP, etc)
+-  user servers are stopped during upgrade
+-  don't mind causing users to login again after upgrade
+
+Start JupyterHub
+================
+
+Once the database upgrade is completed, start the ``jupyterhub``
+process again.
+
+#. Log-in and start the server to make sure things work as
+   expected.
+#. Check the logs for any errors or deprecation warnings. You
+   might have to update your ``jupyterhub_config.py`` file to
+   deal with any deprecated options.
+
+Congratulations, your JupyterHub has been upgraded!

docs/source/api/app.rst

@@ -13,4 +13,3 @@ Module: :mod:`jupyterhub.app`
 -------------------
 
 .. autoconfigurable:: JupyterHub
-

docs/source/api/auth.rst

@@ -26,3 +26,7 @@ Module: :mod:`jupyterhub.auth`
 
 .. autoconfigurable:: PAMAuthenticator
 
+:class:`DummyAuthenticator`
+---------------------------
+
+.. autoconfigurable:: DummyAuthenticator

docs/source/api/index.rst

@@ -1,8 +1,8 @@
 .. _api-index:
 
-##################
-The JupyterHub API
-##################
+##############
+JupyterHub API
+##############
 
 :Release: |release|
 :Date: |today|

docs/source/api/proxy.rst

@@ -20,4 +20,3 @@ Module: :mod:`jupyterhub.proxy`
 
 .. autoconfigurable:: ConfigurableHTTPProxy
     :members: debug, auth_token, check_running_interval, api_url, command
-

docs/source/api/service.rst

@@ -14,4 +14,3 @@ Module: :mod:`jupyterhub.services.service`
 
 .. autoconfigurable:: Service
     :members: name, admin, url, api_token, managed, kind, command, cwd, environment, user, oauth_client_id, server, prefix, proxy_spec
-

docs/source/api/services.auth.rst

@@ -38,4 +38,3 @@ Module: :mod:`jupyterhub.services.auth`
 --------------------------------
 
 .. autoclass:: HubOAuthCallbackHandler
-

docs/source/api/spawner.rst

@@ -13,10 +13,9 @@ Module: :mod:`jupyterhub.spawner`
 ----------------
 
 .. autoconfigurable:: Spawner
-    :members: options_from_form, poll, start, stop, get_args, get_env, get_state, template_namespace, format_string
+    :members: options_from_form, poll, start, stop, get_args, get_env, get_state, template_namespace, format_string, create_certs, move_certs
 
 :class:`LocalProcessSpawner`
 ----------------------------
 
 .. autoconfigurable:: LocalProcessSpawner
-

docs/source/api/user.rst

@@ -34,4 +34,3 @@ Module: :mod:`jupyterhub.user`
     .. attribute:: spawner
     
         The user's :class:`~.Spawner` instance.
-

docs/source/changelog.md

@@ -7,8 +7,324 @@ command line for details.
 
 ## [Unreleased]
 
+## 1.1
+
+### [1.1.0] 2020-01-17
+
+1.1 is a release with lots of accumulated fixes and improvements,
+especially in performance, metrics, and customization.
+There are no database changes in 1.1, so no database upgrade is required
+when upgrading from 1.0 to 1.1.
+
+Of particular interest to deployments with automatic health checking and/or large numbers of users is that the slow startup time
+introduced in 1.0 by additional spawner validation can now be mitigated by `JupyterHub.init_spawners_timeout`,
+allowing the Hub to become responsive before the spawners may have finished validating.
+
+Several new Prometheus metrics are added (and others fixed!)
+to measure sources of common performance issues,
+such as proxy interactions and startup.
+
+1.1 also begins adoption of the Jupyter telemetry project in JupyterHub,
+See [The Jupyter Telemetry docs](https://jupyter-telemetry.readthedocs.io)
+for more info. The only events so far are starting and stopping servers,
+but more will be added in future releases.
+
+There are many more fixes and improvements listed below.
+Thanks to everyone who has contributed to this release!
+
+
+#### New
+
+- LocalProcessSpawner should work on windows by using psutil.pid_exists [#2882](https://github.com/jupyterhub/jupyterhub/pull/2882) ([@ociule](https://github.com/ociule))
+- trigger auth_state_hook prior to options form, add auth_state to template namespace [#2881](https://github.com/jupyterhub/jupyterhub/pull/2881) ([@minrk](https://github.com/minrk))
+- Added guide 'install jupyterlab the hard way' #2110 [#2842](https://github.com/jupyterhub/jupyterhub/pull/2842) ([@mangecoeur](https://github.com/mangecoeur))
+- Add prometheus metric to measure hub startup time [#2799](https://github.com/jupyterhub/jupyterhub/pull/2799) ([@rajat404](https://github.com/rajat404))
+- Add Spawner.auth_state_hook [#2555](https://github.com/jupyterhub/jupyterhub/pull/2555) ([@rcthomas](https://github.com/rcthomas))
+- Link services from jupyterhub pages [#2763](https://github.com/jupyterhub/jupyterhub/pull/2763) ([@rcthomas](https://github.com/rcthomas))
+- Add Spawner.auth_state_hook [#2555](https://github.com/jupyterhub/jupyterhub/pull/2555) ([@rcthomas](https://github.com/rcthomas))
+- `JupyterHub.user_redirect_hook` is added to allow admins to customize /user-redirect/ behavior [#2790](https://github.com/jupyterhub/jupyterhub/pull/2790) ([@yuvipanda](https://github.com/yuvipanda))
+- Add prometheus metric to measure hub startup time [#2799](https://github.com/jupyterhub/jupyterhub/pull/2799) ([@rajat404](https://github.com/rajat404))
+- Add prometheus metric to measure proxy route poll times [#2798](https://github.com/jupyterhub/jupyterhub/pull/2798) ([@rajat404](https://github.com/rajat404))
+- `PROXY_DELETE_DURATION_SECONDS` prometheus metric is added, to measure proxy route deletion times [#2788](https://github.com/jupyterhub/jupyterhub/pull/2788) ([@rajat404](https://github.com/rajat404))
+- `Service.oauth_no_confirm` is added, it is useful for admin-managed services that are considered part of the Hub and shouldn't need to prompt the user for access [#2767](https://github.com/jupyterhub/jupyterhub/pull/2767) ([@minrk](https://github.com/minrk))
+- `JupyterHub.default_server_name` is added to make the default server be a named server with provided name [#2735](https://github.com/jupyterhub/jupyterhub/pull/2735) ([@krinsman](https://github.com/krinsman))
+- `JupyterHub.init_spawners_timeout` is introduced to combat slow startups on large JupyterHub deployments [#2721](https://github.com/jupyterhub/jupyterhub/pull/2721) ([@minrk](https://github.com/minrk))
+- The configuration `uids` for local authenticators is added to consistently assign users UNIX id's between installations [#2687](https://github.com/jupyterhub/jupyterhub/pull/2687) ([@rgerkin](https://github.com/rgerkin))
+- `JupyterHub.activity_resolution` is introduced with a default value of 30s improving performance by not updating the database with user activity too often [#2605](https://github.com/jupyterhub/jupyterhub/pull/2605) ([@minrk](https://github.com/minrk))
+- [HubAuth](https://jupyterhub.readthedocs.io/en/stable/api/services.auth.html#jupyterhub.services.auth.HubAuth)'s SSL configuration can now be set through environment variables [#2588](https://github.com/jupyterhub/jupyterhub/pull/2588) ([@cmd-ntrf](https://github.com/cmd-ntrf))
+- Expose spawner.user_options in REST API. [#2755](https://github.com/jupyterhub/jupyterhub/pull/2755) ([@danielballan](https://github.com/danielballan))
+- add block for scripts included in head [#2828](https://github.com/jupyterhub/jupyterhub/pull/2828) ([@bitnik](https://github.com/bitnik))
+- Instrument JupyterHub to record events with jupyter_telemetry [Part II] [#2698](https://github.com/jupyterhub/jupyterhub/pull/2698) ([@Zsailer](https://github.com/Zsailer))
+- Make announcements visible without custom HTML [#2570](https://github.com/jupyterhub/jupyterhub/pull/2570) ([@consideRatio](https://github.com/consideRatio))
+- Display server version on admin page [#2776](https://github.com/jupyterhub/jupyterhub/pull/2776) ([@vilhelmen](https://github.com/vilhelmen))
+
+#### Fixes
+
+- Bugfix: pam_normalize_username didn't return username [#2876](https://github.com/jupyterhub/jupyterhub/pull/2876) ([@rkdarst](https://github.com/rkdarst))
+- Cleanup if spawner stop fails [#2849](https://github.com/jupyterhub/jupyterhub/pull/2849) ([@gabber12](https://github.com/gabber12))
+- Fix an issue occurring with the default spawner and `internal_ssl` enabled [#2785](https://github.com/jupyterhub/jupyterhub/pull/2785) ([@rpwagner](https://github.com/rpwagner))
+- Fix named servers to not be spawnable unless activated [#2772](https://github.com/jupyterhub/jupyterhub/pull/2772) ([@bitnik](https://github.com/bitnik))
+- JupyterHub now awaits proxy availability before accepting web requests [#2750](https://github.com/jupyterhub/jupyterhub/pull/2750) ([@minrk](https://github.com/minrk))
+- Fix a no longer valid assumption that MySQL and MariaDB need to have `innodb_file_format` and `innodb_large_prefix` configured [#2712](https://github.com/jupyterhub/jupyterhub/pull/2712) ([@chicocvenancio](https://github.com/chicocvenancio))
+- Login/Logout button now updates to Login on logout [#2705](https://github.com/jupyterhub/jupyterhub/pull/2705) ([@aar0nTw](https://github.com/aar0nTw))
+- Fix handling of exceptions within `pre_spawn_start` hooks [#2684](https://github.com/jupyterhub/jupyterhub/pull/2684) ([@GeorgianaElena](https://github.com/GeorgianaElena))
+- Fix an issue where a user could end up spawning a default server instead of a named server as intended [#2682](https://github.com/jupyterhub/jupyterhub/pull/2682) ([@rcthomas](https://github.com/rcthomas))
+- /hub/admin now redirects to login if unauthenticated [#2670](https://github.com/jupyterhub/jupyterhub/pull/2670) ([@GeorgianaElena](https://github.com/GeorgianaElena))
+- Fix spawning of users with names containing characters that needs to be escaped [#2648](https://github.com/jupyterhub/jupyterhub/pull/2648) ([@nicorikken](https://github.com/nicorikken))
+- Fix `TOTAL_USERS` prometheus metric [#2637](https://github.com/jupyterhub/jupyterhub/pull/2637) ([@GeorgianaElena](https://github.com/GeorgianaElena))
+- Fix `RUNNING_SERVERS` prometheus metric [#2629](https://github.com/jupyterhub/jupyterhub/pull/2629) ([@GeorgianaElena](https://github.com/GeorgianaElena))
+- Fix faulty redirects to 404 that could occur with the use of named servers [#2594](https://github.com/jupyterhub/jupyterhub/pull/2594) ([@vilhelmen](https://github.com/vilhelmen))
+- JupyterHub API spec is now a valid OpenAPI spec [#2590](https://github.com/jupyterhub/jupyterhub/pull/2590) ([@sbrunk](https://github.com/sbrunk))
+- Use of `--help` or `--version` previously could output unrelated errors [#2584](https://github.com/jupyterhub/jupyterhub/pull/2584) ([@minrk](https://github.com/minrk))
+- No longer crash on startup in Windows [#2560](https://github.com/jupyterhub/jupyterhub/pull/2560) ([@adelcast](https://github.com/adelcast))
+- Escape usernames in the frontend [#2640](https://github.com/jupyterhub/jupyterhub/pull/2640) ([@nicorikken](https://github.com/nicorikken))
+
+#### Maintenance
+
+
+- Optimize CI jobs and default to bionic [#2897](https://github.com/jupyterhub/jupyterhub/pull/2897) ([@consideRatio](https://github.com/consideRatio))
+- catch connection error for ssl failures [#2889](https://github.com/jupyterhub/jupyterhub/pull/2889) ([@minrk](https://github.com/minrk))
+- Fix implementation of default server name [#2887](https://github.com/jupyterhub/jupyterhub/pull/2887) ([@krinsman](https://github.com/krinsman))
+- fixup allow_failures [#2880](https://github.com/jupyterhub/jupyterhub/pull/2880) ([@minrk](https://github.com/minrk))
+- Pass tests on Python 3.8 [#2879](https://github.com/jupyterhub/jupyterhub/pull/2879) ([@minrk](https://github.com/minrk))
+- Fixup .travis.yml [#2868](https://github.com/jupyterhub/jupyterhub/pull/2868) ([@consideRatio](https://github.com/consideRatio))
+- Update README's badges [#2867](https://github.com/jupyterhub/jupyterhub/pull/2867) ([@consideRatio](https://github.com/consideRatio))
+- Dockerfile: add build-essential to builder image [#2866](https://github.com/jupyterhub/jupyterhub/pull/2866) ([@rkdarst](https://github.com/rkdarst))
+- Dockerfile: Copy share/ to the final image [#2864](https://github.com/jupyterhub/jupyterhub/pull/2864) ([@rkdarst](https://github.com/rkdarst))
+- chore: Dockerfile updates [#2853](https://github.com/jupyterhub/jupyterhub/pull/2853) ([@jgwerner](https://github.com/jgwerner))
+- simplify Dockerfile [#2840](https://github.com/jupyterhub/jupyterhub/pull/2840) ([@minrk](https://github.com/minrk))
+- docker: fix onbuild image arg [#2839](https://github.com/jupyterhub/jupyterhub/pull/2839) ([@minrk](https://github.com/minrk))
+- remove redundant pip package list in docs environment.yml [#2838](https://github.com/jupyterhub/jupyterhub/pull/2838) ([@minrk](https://github.com/minrk))
+- docs: Update docs to run tests [#2812](https://github.com/jupyterhub/jupyterhub/pull/2812) ([@jgwerner](https://github.com/jgwerner))
+- remove redundant pip package list in docs environment.yml [#2838](https://github.com/jupyterhub/jupyterhub/pull/2838) ([@minrk](https://github.com/minrk))
+- updating to pandas docs theme [#2820](https://github.com/jupyterhub/jupyterhub/pull/2820) ([@choldgraf](https://github.com/choldgraf))
+- Adding institutional faq [#2800](https://github.com/jupyterhub/jupyterhub/pull/2800) ([@choldgraf](https://github.com/choldgraf))
+- Add inline comment to test [#2826](https://github.com/jupyterhub/jupyterhub/pull/2826) ([@consideRatio](https://github.com/consideRatio))
+- Raise error on missing specified config [#2824](https://github.com/jupyterhub/jupyterhub/pull/2824) ([@consideRatio](https://github.com/consideRatio))
+- chore: Refactor Dockerfile [#2816](https://github.com/jupyterhub/jupyterhub/pull/2816) ([@jgwerner](https://github.com/jgwerner))
+- chore: Update python versions in travis matrix [#2811](https://github.com/jupyterhub/jupyterhub/pull/2811) ([@jgwerner](https://github.com/jgwerner))
+- chore: Bump package versions used in pre-commit config [#2810](https://github.com/jupyterhub/jupyterhub/pull/2810) ([@jgwerner](https://github.com/jgwerner))
+- adding docs preview to circleci [#2803](https://github.com/jupyterhub/jupyterhub/pull/2803) ([@choldgraf](https://github.com/choldgraf))
+- adding institutional faq [#2800](https://github.com/jupyterhub/jupyterhub/pull/2800) ([@choldgraf](https://github.com/choldgraf))
+- The proxy's REST API listens on port `8001` [#2795](https://github.com/jupyterhub/jupyterhub/pull/2795) ([@bnuhero](https://github.com/bnuhero))
+- cull_idle_servers.py: rebind max_age and inactive_limit locally [#2794](https://github.com/jupyterhub/jupyterhub/pull/2794) ([@rkdarst](https://github.com/rkdarst))
+- Fix deprecation warnings [#2789](https://github.com/jupyterhub/jupyterhub/pull/2789) ([@tirkarthi](https://github.com/tirkarthi))
+- Log proxy class [#2783](https://github.com/jupyterhub/jupyterhub/pull/2783) ([@GeorgianaElena](https://github.com/GeorgianaElena))
+- Add docs for fixtures in CONTRIBUTING.md [#2782](https://github.com/jupyterhub/jupyterhub/pull/2782) ([@kinow](https://github.com/kinow))
+- Fix header project name typo [#2775](https://github.com/jupyterhub/jupyterhub/pull/2775) ([@kinow](https://github.com/kinow))
+- Remove unused setupegg.py [#2774](https://github.com/jupyterhub/jupyterhub/pull/2774) ([@kinow](https://github.com/kinow))
+- Log JupyterHub version on startup [#2752](https://github.com/jupyterhub/jupyterhub/pull/2752) ([@consideRatio](https://github.com/consideRatio))
+- Reduce verbosity for "Failing suspected API request to not-running server" (new) [#2751](https://github.com/jupyterhub/jupyterhub/pull/2751) ([@rkdarst](https://github.com/rkdarst))
+- Add missing package for json schema doc build [#2744](https://github.com/jupyterhub/jupyterhub/pull/2744) ([@willingc](https://github.com/willingc))
+- blacklist urllib3 versions with encoding bug [#2743](https://github.com/jupyterhub/jupyterhub/pull/2743) ([@minrk](https://github.com/minrk))
+- Remove tornado deprecated/unnecessary AsyncIOMainLoop().install() call [#2740](https://github.com/jupyterhub/jupyterhub/pull/2740) ([@kinow](https://github.com/kinow))
+- Fix deprecated call [#2739](https://github.com/jupyterhub/jupyterhub/pull/2739) ([@kinow](https://github.com/kinow))
+- Remove duplicate hub and authenticator traitlets from Spawner [#2736](https://github.com/jupyterhub/jupyterhub/pull/2736) ([@eslavich](https://github.com/eslavich))
+- Update issue template [#2725](https://github.com/jupyterhub/jupyterhub/pull/2725) ([@willingc](https://github.com/willingc))
+- Use autodoc-traits sphinx extension [#2723](https://github.com/jupyterhub/jupyterhub/pull/2723) ([@willingc](https://github.com/willingc))
+- Add New Server: change redirecting to relative to home page in js [#2714](https://github.com/jupyterhub/jupyterhub/pull/2714) ([@bitnik](https://github.com/bitnik))
+- Create a warning when creating a service implicitly from service_tokens [#2704](https://github.com/jupyterhub/jupyterhub/pull/2704) ([@katsar0v](https://github.com/katsar0v))
+- Fix mistypos [#2702](https://github.com/jupyterhub/jupyterhub/pull/2702) ([@rlukin](https://github.com/rlukin))
+- Add Jupyter community link [#2696](https://github.com/jupyterhub/jupyterhub/pull/2696) ([@mattjshannon](https://github.com/mattjshannon))
+- Fix failing travis tests [#2695](https://github.com/jupyterhub/jupyterhub/pull/2695) ([@GeorgianaElena](https://github.com/GeorgianaElena))
+- Documentation update: hint for using services instead of service tokens. [#2679](https://github.com/jupyterhub/jupyterhub/pull/2679) ([@katsar0v](https://github.com/katsar0v))
+- Replace header logo: jupyter -> jupyterhub [#2672](https://github.com/jupyterhub/jupyterhub/pull/2672) ([@consideRatio](https://github.com/consideRatio))
+- Update spawn-form example [#2662](https://github.com/jupyterhub/jupyterhub/pull/2662) ([@kinow](https://github.com/kinow))
+- Update flask hub authentication services example in doc [#2658](https://github.com/jupyterhub/jupyterhub/pull/2658) ([@cmd-ntrf](https://github.com/cmd-ntrf))
+- close `<div class="container">` tag in home.html [#2649](https://github.com/jupyterhub/jupyterhub/pull/2649) ([@bitnik](https://github.com/bitnik))
+- Some theme updates; no double NEXT/PREV buttons. [#2647](https://github.com/jupyterhub/jupyterhub/pull/2647) ([@Carreau](https://github.com/Carreau))
+- fix typos on technical reference documentation [#2646](https://github.com/jupyterhub/jupyterhub/pull/2646) ([@ilee38](https://github.com/ilee38))
+- Update links for Hadoop-related subprojects [#2645](https://github.com/jupyterhub/jupyterhub/pull/2645) ([@jcrist](https://github.com/jcrist))
+- corrected docker network create instructions in dockerfiles README [#2632](https://github.com/jupyterhub/jupyterhub/pull/2632) ([@bartolone](https://github.com/bartolone))
+- Fixed docs and testing code to use refactored SimpleLocalProcessSpawner [#2631](https://github.com/jupyterhub/jupyterhub/pull/2631) ([@danlester](https://github.com/danlester))
+- Update the config used for testing [#2628](https://github.com/jupyterhub/jupyterhub/pull/2628) ([@jtpio](https://github.com/jtpio))
+- Update doc: do not suggest depricated config key [#2626](https://github.com/jupyterhub/jupyterhub/pull/2626) ([@lumbric](https://github.com/lumbric))
+- Add missing words [#2625](https://github.com/jupyterhub/jupyterhub/pull/2625) ([@remram44](https://github.com/remram44))
+- cull-idle: Include a hint on how to add custom culling logic [#2613](https://github.com/jupyterhub/jupyterhub/pull/2613) ([@rkdarst](https://github.com/rkdarst))
+- Replace existing redirect code by Tornado's addslash decorator [#2609](https://github.com/jupyterhub/jupyterhub/pull/2609) ([@kinow](https://github.com/kinow))
+- Hide Stop My Server red button after server stopped. [#2577](https://github.com/jupyterhub/jupyterhub/pull/2577) ([@aar0nTw](https://github.com/aar0nTw))
+- Update link of `changelog` [#2565](https://github.com/jupyterhub/jupyterhub/pull/2565) ([@iblis17](https://github.com/iblis17))
+- typo [#2564](https://github.com/jupyterhub/jupyterhub/pull/2564) ([@julienchastang](https://github.com/julienchastang))
+- Update to simplify the language related to spawner options [#2558](https://github.com/jupyterhub/jupyterhub/pull/2558) ([@NikeNano](https://github.com/NikeNano))
+- Adding the use case of the Elucidata: How Jupyter Notebook is used in… [#2548](https://github.com/jupyterhub/jupyterhub/pull/2548) ([@IamViditAgarwal](https://github.com/IamViditAgarwal))
+- Dict rewritten as literal [#2546](https://github.com/jupyterhub/jupyterhub/pull/2546) ([@remyleone](https://github.com/remyleone))
+
+## 1.0
+
+### [1.0.0] 2019-05-03
+
+JupyterHub 1.0 is a major milestone for JupyterHub.
+Huge thanks to the many people who have contributed to this release,
+whether it was through discussion, testing, documentation, or development.
+
+#### Major new features
+
+- Support TLS encryption and authentication of all internal communication.
+  Spawners must implement `.move_certs` method to make certificates available
+  to the notebook server if it is not local to the Hub.
+- There is now full UI support for managing named servers.
+  With named servers, each jupyterhub user may have access to more than one named server. For example, a professor may access a server named `research` and another named `teaching`.
+
+  ![named servers on the home page](./images/named-servers-home.png)
+- Authenticators can now expire and refresh authentication data by implementing
+  `Authenticator.refresh_user(user)`.
+  This allows things like OAuth data and access tokens to be refreshed.
+  When used together with `Authenticator.refresh_pre_spawn = True`,
+  auth refresh can be forced prior to Spawn,
+  allowing the Authenticator to *require* that authentication data is fresh
+  immediately before the user's server is launched.
+
+```eval_rst
+.. seealso::
+
+  - :meth:`.Authenticator.refresh_user`
+  - :meth:`.Spawner.create_certs`
+  - :meth:`.Spawner.move_certs`
+```
+
+#### New features
+
+- allow custom spawners, authenticators, and proxies to register themselves via 'entry points', enabling more convenient configuration such as:
+
+  ```python
+  c.JupyterHub.authenticator_class = 'github'
+  c.JupyterHub.spawner_class = 'docker'
+  c.JupyterHub.proxy_class = 'traefik_etcd'
+  ```
+- Spawners are passed the tornado Handler object that requested their spawn (as `self.handler`),
+  so they can do things like make decisions based on query arguments in the request.
+- SimpleSpawner and DummyAuthenticator, which are useful for testing, have been merged into JupyterHub itself:
+
+  ```python
+  # For testing purposes only. Should not be used in production.
+  c.JupyterHub.authenticator_class = 'dummy'
+  c.JupyterHub.spawner_class = 'simple'
+  ```
+
+  These classes are **not** appropriate for production use. Only testing.
+- Add health check endpoint at `/hub/health`
+- Several prometheus metrics have been added (thanks to [Outreachy](https://www.outreachy.org/) applicants!)
+- A new API for registering user activity.
+  To prepare for the addition of [alternate proxy implementations](https://github.com/jupyterhub/traefik-proxy),
+  responsibility for tracking activity is taken away from the proxy
+  and moved to the notebook server (which already has activity tracking features).
+  Activity is now tracked by pushing it to the Hub from user servers instead of polling the
+  proxy API.
+- Dynamic `options_form` callables may now return an empty string
+  which will result in no options form being rendered.
+- `Spawner.user_options` is persisted to the database to be re-used,
+  so that a server spawned once via the form can be re-spawned via the API
+  with the same options.
+- Added `c.PAMAuthenticator.pam_normalize_username` option for round-tripping
+  usernames through PAM to retrieve the normalized form.
+- Added `c.JupyterHub.named_server_limit_per_user` configuration to limit
+  the number of named servers each user can have.
+  The default is 0, for no limit.
+- API requests to HubAuthenticated services (e.g. single-user servers)
+  may pass a token in the `Authorization` header,
+  matching authentication with the Hub API itself.
+- Added `Authenticator.is_admin(handler, authentication)` method
+  and `Authenticator.admin_groups` configuration for automatically
+  determining that a member of a group should be considered an admin.
+- New `c.Authenticator.post_auth_hook` configuration
+  that can be any callable of the form `async def hook(authenticator, handler, authentication=None):`.
+  This hook may transform the return value of `Authenticator.authenticate()`
+  and return a new authentication dictionary,
+  e.g. specifying admin privileges, group membership,
+  or custom white/blacklisting logic.
+  This hook is called *after* existing normalization and whitelist checking.
+- `Spawner.options_from_form` may now be async
+- Added `JupyterHub.shutdown_on_logout` option to trigger shutdown of a user's
+  servers when they log out.
+- When `Spawner.start` raises an Exception,
+  a message can be passed on to the user if the exception has a `.jupyterhub_message` attribute.
+
+
+#### Changes
+
+- Authentication methods such as `check_whitelist` should now take an additional
+  `authentication` argument
+  that will be a dictionary (default: None) of authentication data,
+  as returned by `Authenticator.authenticate()`:
+
+  ```python
+  def check_whitelist(self, username, authentication=None):
+      ...
+  ```
+
+  `authentication` should have a default value of None
+  for backward-compatibility with jupyterhub < 1.0.
+- Prometheus metrics page is now authenticated.
+  Any authenticated user may see the prometheus metrics.
+  To disable prometheus authentication,
+  set `JupyterHub.authenticate_prometheus = False`.
+- Visits to `/user/:name` no longer trigger an implicit launch of the user's server.
+  Instead, a page is shown indicating that the server is not running
+  with a link to request the spawn.
+- API requests to `/user/:name` for a not-running server will have status 503 instead of 404.
+- OAuth includes a confirmation page when attempting to visit another user's server,
+  so that users can choose to cancel authentication with the single-user server.
+  Confirmation is still skipped when accessing your own server.
+
+
+#### Fixed
+
+- Various fixes to improve Windows compatibility
+  (default Authenticator and Spawner still do not support Windows, but other Spawners may)
+- Fixed compatibility with Oracle db
+- Fewer redirects following a visit to the default `/` url
+- Error when progress is requested before progress is ready
+- Error when API requests are made to a not-running server without authentication
+- Avoid logging database password on connect if password is specified in `JupyterHub.db_url`.
+
+#### Development changes
+
+There have been several changes to the development process that shouldn't
+generally affect users of JupyterHub, but may affect contributors.
+In general, see `CONTRIBUTING.md` for contribution info or ask if you have questions.
+
+- JupyterHub has adopted `black` as a code autoformatter and `pre-commit`
+  as a tool for automatically running code formatting on commit.
+  This is meant to make it *easier* to contribute to JupyterHub,
+  so let us know if it's having the opposite effect.
+- JupyterHub has switched its test suite to using `pytest-asyncio` from `pytest-tornado`.
+- OAuth is now implemented internally using `oauthlib` instead of `python-oauth2`. This should have no effect on behavior.
+
+
 ## 0.9
 
+### [0.9.6] 2019-04-01
+
+JupyterHub 0.9.6 is a security release.
+
+- Fixes an Open Redirect vulnerability (CVE-2019-10255).
+
+JupyterHub 0.9.5 included a partial fix for this issue.
+
+### [0.9.4] 2018-09-24
+
+JupyterHub 0.9.4 is a small bugfix release.
+
+- Fixes an  issue that required all running user servers to be restarted
+  when performing an upgrade from 0.8 to 0.9.
+- Fixes content-type for API endpoints back to `application/json`.
+  It was `text/html` in 0.9.0-0.9.3.
+
+### [0.9.3] 2018-09-12
+
+JupyterHub 0.9.3 contains small bugfixes and improvements
+
+- Fix token page and model handling of `expires_at`.
+  This field was missing from the REST API model for tokens
+  and could cause the token page to not render
+- Add keep-alive to progress event stream to avoid proxies dropping
+  the connection due to inactivity
+- Documentation and example improvements
+- Disable quit button when using notebook 5.6
+- Prototype new feature (may change prior to 1.0):
+  pass requesting Handler to Spawners during start,
+  accessible as `self.handler`
+
 ### [0.9.2] 2018-08-10
 
 JupyterHub 0.9.2 contains small bugfixes and improvements.
@@ -109,7 +425,7 @@ and tornado < 5.0.
   coroutines, and CPU/memory/FD consumption.
 - Add async `Spawner.get_options_form` alternative to `.options_form`, so it can be a coroutine.
 - Add `JupyterHub.redirect_to_server` config to govern whether
-  users should be sent to their server on login or the JuptyerHub home page.
+  users should be sent to their server on login or the JupyterHub home page.
 - html page templates can be more easily customized and extended.
 - Allow registering external OAuth clients for using the Hub as an OAuth provider.
 - Add basic prometheus metrics at `/hub/metrics` endpoint.
@@ -402,7 +718,12 @@ Fix removal of `/login` page in 0.4.0, breaking some OAuth providers.
 First preview release
 
 
-[Unreleased]: https://github.com/jupyterhub/jupyterhub/compare/0.9.2...HEAD
+[Unreleased]: https://github.com/jupyterhub/jupyterhub/compare/1.1.0...HEAD
+[1.1.0]: https://github.com/jupyterhub/jupyterhub/compare/1.0.0...1.1.0
+[1.0.0]: https://github.com/jupyterhub/jupyterhub/compare/0.9.6...1.0.0
+[0.9.6]: https://github.com/jupyterhub/jupyterhub/compare/0.9.4...0.9.6
+[0.9.4]: https://github.com/jupyterhub/jupyterhub/compare/0.9.3...0.9.4
+[0.9.3]: https://github.com/jupyterhub/jupyterhub/compare/0.9.2...0.9.3
 [0.9.2]: https://github.com/jupyterhub/jupyterhub/compare/0.9.1...0.9.2
 [0.9.1]: https://github.com/jupyterhub/jupyterhub/compare/0.9.0...0.9.1
 [0.9.0]: https://github.com/jupyterhub/jupyterhub/compare/0.8.1...0.9.0

docs/source/conf.py

@@ -1,11 +1,8 @@
 # -*- coding: utf-8 -*-
 #
-import sys
 import os
 import shlex
-
-# For conversion from markdown to html
-import recommonmark.parser
+import sys
 
 # Set paths
 sys.path.insert(0, os.path.abspath('.'))
@@ -21,6 +18,8 @@ extensions = [
     'sphinx.ext.intersphinx',
     'sphinx.ext.napoleon',
     'autodoc_traits',
+    'sphinx_copybutton',
+    'sphinx-jsonschema',
 ]
 
 templates_path = ['_templates']
@@ -39,7 +38,6 @@ from os.path import dirname
 docs = dirname(dirname(__file__))
 root = dirname(docs)
 sys.path.insert(0, root)
-sys.path.insert(0, os.path.join(docs, 'sphinxext'))
 
 import jupyterhub
 
@@ -58,6 +56,16 @@ default_role = 'literal'
 
 # -- Source -------------------------------------------------------------
 
+import recommonmark
+from recommonmark.transform import AutoStructify
+
+
+def setup(app):
+    app.add_config_value('recommonmark_config', {'enable_eval_rst': True}, True)
+    app.add_stylesheet('custom.css')
+    app.add_transform(AutoStructify)
+
+
 source_parsers = {'.md': 'recommonmark.parser.CommonMarkParser'}
 
 source_suffix = ['.rst', '.md']
@@ -66,7 +74,7 @@ source_suffix = ['.rst', '.md']
 # -- Options for HTML output ----------------------------------------------
 
 # The theme to use for HTML and HTML Help pages.
-html_theme = 'alabaster'
+html_theme = 'pandas_sphinx_theme'
 
 html_logo = '_static/images/logo/logo.png'
 html_favicon = '_static/images/logo/favicon.ico'
@@ -74,31 +82,6 @@ html_favicon = '_static/images/logo/favicon.ico'
 # Paths that contain custom static files (such as style sheets)
 html_static_path = ['_static']
 
-html_theme_options = {
-    'show_related': True,
-    'description': 'Documentation for JupyterHub',
-    'github_user': 'jupyterhub',
-    'github_repo': 'jupyterhub',
-    'github_banner': False,
-    'github_button': True,
-    'github_type': 'star',
-    'show_powered_by': False,
-    'extra_nav_links': {
-        'GitHub Repo': 'http://github.com/jupyterhub/jupyterhub',
-        'Issue Tracker': 'http://github.com/jupyterhub/jupyterhub/issues',
-    },
-}
-
-html_sidebars = {
-    '**': [
-        'about.html',
-        'searchbox.html',
-        'navigation.html',
-        'relations.html',
-        'sourcelink.html',
-    ]
-}
-
 htmlhelp_basename = 'JupyterHubdoc'
 
 # -- Options for LaTeX output ---------------------------------------------
@@ -181,9 +164,7 @@ intersphinx_mapping = {'https://docs.python.org/3/': None}
 # -- Read The Docs --------------------------------------------------------
 
 on_rtd = os.environ.get('READTHEDOCS', None) == 'True'
-if not on_rtd:
-    html_theme = 'alabaster'
-else:
+if on_rtd:
     # readthedocs.org uses their theme by default, so no need to specify it
     # build rest-api, since RTD doesn't run make
     from subprocess import check_call as sh

docs/source/contributing/community.rst

@@ -0,0 +1,30 @@
+.. _contributing/community:
+
+================================
+Community communication channels
+================================
+
+We use `Discourse <https://discourse.jupyter.org>` for online discussion.
+Everyone in the Jupyter community is welcome to bring ideas and questions there.
+In addition, we use `Gitter <https://gitter.im>`_ for online, real-time text chat,
+a place for more ephemeral discussions.
+The primary Gitter channel for JupyterHub is `jupyterhub/jupyterhub <https://gitter.im/jupyterhub/jupyterhub>`_.
+Gitter isn't archived or searchable, so we recommend going to discourse first
+to make sure that discussions are most useful and accessible to the community.
+Remember that our community is distributed across the world in various
+timezones, so be patient if you do not get an answer immediately!
+
+GitHub issues are used for most long-form project discussions, bug reports
+and feature requests. Issues related to a specific authenticator or
+spawner should be directed to the appropriate repository for the
+authenticator or spawner. If you are using a specific JupyterHub
+distribution (such as `Zero to JupyterHub on Kubernetes <http://github.com/jupyterhub/zero-to-jupyterhub-k8s>`_
+or `The Littlest JupyterHub <http://github.com/jupyterhub/the-littlest-jupyterhub/>`_),
+you should open issues directly in their repository. If you can not
+find a repository to open your issue in, do not worry! Create it in the `main
+JupyterHub repository <https://github.com/jupyterhub/jupyterhub/>`_ and our
+community will help you figure it out.
+
+A `mailing list <https://groups.google.com/forum/#!forum/jupyter>`_ for all
+of Project Jupyter exists, along with one for `teaching with Jupyter
+<https://groups.google.com/forum/#!forum/jupyter-education>`_. 

docs/source/contributing/docs.rst

@@ -0,0 +1,78 @@
+.. _contributing/docs:
+
+==========================
+Contributing Documentation
+==========================
+
+Documentation is often more important than code. This page helps
+you get set up on how to contribute documentation to JupyterHub.
+
+Building documentation locally
+==============================
+
+We use `sphinx <http://sphinx-doc.org>`_ to build our documentation. It takes
+our documentation source files (written in `markdown
+<https://daringfireball.net/projects/markdown/>`_ or `reStructuredText
+<http://www.sphinx-doc.org/en/master/usage/restructuredtext/basics.html>`_ &
+stored under the ``docs/source`` directory) and converts it into various
+formats for people to read. To make sure the documentation you write or
+change renders correctly, it is good practice to test it locally.
+
+#. Make sure you have successfuly completed :ref:`contributing/setup`.
+
+#. Install the packages required to build the docs.
+
+   .. code-block:: bash
+
+      python3 -m pip install -r docs/requirements.txt
+
+#. Build the html version of the docs. This is the most commonly used
+   output format, so verifying it renders as you should is usually good
+   enough.
+
+   .. code-block:: bash
+
+      cd docs
+      make html
+
+   This step will display any syntax or formatting errors in the documentation,
+   along with the filename / line number in which they occurred. Fix them,
+   and re-run the ``make html`` command to re-render the documentation.
+
+#. View the rendered documentation by opening ``build/html/index.html`` in 
+   a web browser. 
+
+   .. tip::
+
+      On macOS, you can open a file from the terminal with ``open <path-to-file>``.
+      On Linux, you can do the same with ``xdg-open <path-to-file>``.
+
+
+.. _contributing/docs/conventions:
+
+Documentation conventions
+=========================
+
+This section lists various conventions we use in our documentation. This is a
+living document that grows over time, so feel free to add to it / change it!
+
+Our entire documentation does not yet fully conform to these conventions yet,
+so help in making it so would be appreciated!
+
+``pip`` invocation
+------------------
+
+There are many ways to invoke a ``pip`` command, we recommend the following
+approach:
+
+.. code-block:: bash
+
+   python3 -m pip
+
+This invokes pip explicitly using the python3 binary that you are
+currently using. This is the **recommended way** to invoke pip
+in our documentation, since it is least likely to cause problems
+with python3 and pip being from different environments.
+
+For more information on how to invoke ``pip`` commands, see
+`the pip documentation <https://pip.pypa.io/en/stable/>`_.

docs/source/contributing/index.rst

@@ -0,0 +1,21 @@
+============
+Contributing
+============
+
+We want you to contribute to JupyterHub in ways that are most exciting
+& useful to you. We value documentation, testing, bug reporting & code equally,
+and are glad to have your contributions in whatever form you wish :)
+
+Our `Code of Conduct <https://github.com/jupyter/governance/blob/master/conduct/code_of_conduct.md>`_
+(`reporting guidelines <https://github.com/jupyter/governance/blob/master/conduct/reporting_online.md>`_)
+helps keep our community welcoming to as many people as possible.
+
+.. toctree::
+   :maxdepth: 2
+
+   community
+   setup
+   docs
+   tests
+   roadmap
+   security

docs/source/contributing/roadmap.md

@@ -0,0 +1,98 @@
+# The JupyterHub roadmap
+
+This roadmap collects "next steps" for JupyterHub. It is about creating a
+shared understanding of the project's vision and direction amongst
+the community of users, contributors, and maintainers.
+The goal is to communicate priorities and upcoming release plans.
+It is not a aimed at limiting contributions to what is listed here.
+
+
+## Using the roadmap
+### Sharing Feedback on the Roadmap
+
+All of the community is encouraged to provide feedback as well as share new
+ideas with the community. Please do so by submitting an issue. If you want to
+have an informal conversation first use one of the other communication channels.
+After submitting the issue, others from the community will probably
+respond with questions or comments they have to clarify the issue. The
+maintainers will help identify what a good next step is for the issue.
+
+### What do we mean by "next step"?
+
+When submitting an issue, think about what "next step" category best describes
+your issue:
+
+* **now**, concrete/actionable step that is ready for someone to start work on.
+These might be items that have a link to an issue or more abstract like
+"decrease typos and dead links in the documentation"
+* **soon**, less concrete/actionable step that is going to happen soon,
+discussions around the topic are coming close to an end at which point it can
+move into the "now" category
+* **later**, abstract ideas or tasks, need a lot of discussion or
+experimentation to shape the idea so that it can be executed. Can also
+contain concrete/actionable steps that have been postponed on purpose
+(these are steps that could be in "now" but the decision was taken to work on
+them later)
+
+### Reviewing and Updating the Roadmap
+
+The roadmap will get updated as time passes (next review by 1st December) based
+on discussions and ideas captured as issues.
+This means this list should not be exhaustive, it should only represent
+the "top of the stack" of ideas. It should
+not function as a wish list, collection of feature requests or todo list.
+For those please create a
+[new issue](https://github.com/jupyterhub/jupyterhub/issues/new).
+
+The roadmap should give the reader an idea of what is happening next, what needs
+input and discussion before it can happen and what has been postponed.
+
+
+## The roadmap proper
+### Project vision
+
+JupyterHub is a dependable tool used by humans that reduces the complexity of
+creating the environment in which a piece of software can be executed.
+
+### Now
+
+These "Now" items are considered active areas of focus for the project:
+
+* HubShare - a sharing service for use with JupyterHub.
+    * Users should be able to:
+        - Push a project to other users.
+        - Get a checkout of a project from other users.
+        - Push updates to a published project.
+        - Pull updates from a published project.
+        - Manage conflicts/merges by simply picking a version (our/theirs)
+        - Get a checkout of a project from the internet. These steps are completely different from saving notebooks/files.
+        - Have directories that are managed by git completely separately from our stuff.
+        - Look at pushed content that they have access to without an explicit pull.
+        - Define and manage teams of users.
+            - Adding/removing a user to/from a team gives/removes them access to all projects that team has access to.
+        - Build other services, such as static HTML publishing and dashboarding on top of these things.
+
+
+### Soon
+
+These "Soon" items are under discussion. Once an item reaches the point of an
+actionable plan, the item will be moved to the "Now" section. Typically,
+these will be moved at a future review of the roadmap.
+
+* resource monitoring and management:
+    - (prometheus?) API for resource monitoring
+    - tracking activity on single-user servers instead of the proxy
+    - notes and activity tracking per API token
+    - UI for managing named servers
+
+
+### Later
+
+The "Later" items are things that are at the back of the project's mind. At this
+time there is no active plan for an item. The project would like to find the
+resources and time to discuss these ideas.
+
+- real-time collaboration
+    - Enter into real-time collaboration mode for a project that starts a shared execution context.
+    - Once the single-user notebook package supports realtime collaboration,
+      implement sharing mechanism integrated into the Hub.

docs/source/contributing/security.rst

@@ -0,0 +1,10 @@
+Reporting security issues in Jupyter or JupyterHub
+==================================================
+
+If you find a security vulnerability in Jupyter or JupyterHub,
+whether it is a failure of the security model described in :doc:`../reference/websecurity`
+or a failure in implementation,
+please report it to security@ipython.org.
+
+If you prefer to encrypt your security reports,
+you can use :download:`this PGP public key </ipython_security.asc>`.

docs/source/contributing/setup.rst

@@ -0,0 +1,175 @@
+.. _contributing/setup:
+
+================================
+Setting up a development install
+================================
+
+System requirements
+===================
+
+JupyterHub can only run on MacOS or Linux operating systems. If you are
+using Windows, we recommend using `VirtualBox <https://virtualbox.org>`_ 
+or a similar system to run `Ubuntu Linux <https://ubuntu.com>`_ for
+development.
+
+Install Python
+--------------
+
+JupyterHub is written in the `Python <https://python.org>`_ programming language, and
+requires you have at least version 3.5 installed locally. If you haven’t
+installed Python before, the recommended way to install it is to use
+`miniconda <https://conda.io/miniconda.html>`_. Remember to get the ‘Python 3’ version, 
+and **not** the ‘Python 2’ version!
+
+Install nodejs
+--------------
+
+``configurable-http-proxy``, the default proxy implementation for
+JupyterHub, is written in Javascript to run on `NodeJS
+<https://nodejs.org/en/>`_. If you have not installed nodejs before, we
+recommend installing it in the ``miniconda`` environment you set up for
+Python. You can do so with ``conda install nodejs``.
+
+Install git
+-----------
+
+JupyterHub uses `git <https://git-scm.com>`_ & `GitHub <https://github.com>`_
+for development & collaboration. You need to `install git
+<https://git-scm.com/book/en/v2/Getting-Started-Installing-Git>`_ to work on
+JupyterHub. We also recommend getting a free account on GitHub.com.
+
+Setting up a development install
+================================
+
+When developing JupyterHub, you need to make changes to the code & see
+their effects quickly. You need to do a developer install to make that
+happen.
+
+1. Clone the `JupyterHub git repository <https://github.com/jupyterhub/jupyterhub>`_ 
+   to your computer.
+
+   .. code:: bash
+
+      git clone https://github.com/jupyterhub/jupyterhub
+      cd jupyterhub
+
+2. Make sure the ``python`` you installed and the ``npm`` you installed
+   are available to you on the command line.
+
+   .. code:: bash
+
+      python -V
+
+   This should return a version number greater than or equal to 3.5.
+
+   .. code:: bash
+
+      npm -v
+
+   This should return a version number greater than or equal to 5.0.
+
+3. Install ``configurable-http-proxy``. This is required to run
+   JupyterHub.
+
+   .. code:: bash
+
+      npm install -g configurable-http-proxy
+
+   If you get an error that says ``Error: EACCES: permission denied``,
+   you might need to prefix the command with ``sudo``. If you do not
+   have access to sudo, you may instead run the following commands:
+
+   .. code:: bash
+
+      npm install configurable-http-proxy
+      export PATH=$PATH:$(pwd)/node_modules/.bin
+
+   The second line needs to be run every time you open a new terminal.
+
+4. Install the python packages required for JupyterHub development.
+
+   .. code:: bash
+
+      python3 -m pip install -r dev-requirements.txt
+      python3 -m pip install -r requirements.txt
+
+5. Install the development version of JupyterHub. This lets you edit
+   JupyterHub code in a text editor & restart the JupyterHub process to
+   see your code changes immediately.
+
+   .. code:: bash
+
+      python3 -m pip install --editable .
+
+6. You are now ready to start JupyterHub!
+
+   .. code:: bash
+
+      jupyterhub
+
+7. You can access JupyterHub from your browser at
+   ``http://localhost:8000`` now.
+
+Happy developing!
+
+Using DummyAuthenticator & SimpleLocalProcessSpawner
+====================================================
+
+To simplify testing of JupyterHub, it’s helpful to use
+:class:`~jupyterhub.auth.DummyAuthenticator` instead of the default JupyterHub
+authenticator and SimpleLocalProcessSpawner instead of the default spawner.
+
+There is a sample configuration file that does this in
+``testing/jupyterhub_config.py``. To launch jupyterhub with this
+configuration:
+
+.. code:: bash
+
+   jupyterhub -f testing/jupyterhub_config.py
+
+The default JupyterHub `authenticator
+<https://jupyterhub.readthedocs.io/en/stable/reference/authenticators.html#the-default-pam-authenticator>`_
+& `spawner
+<https://jupyterhub.readthedocs.io/en/stable/api/spawner.html#localprocessspawner>`_
+require your system to have user accounts for each user you want to log in to
+JupyterHub as.
+
+DummyAuthenticator allows you to log in with any username & password,
+while SimpleLocalProcessSpawner allows you to start servers without having to
+create a unix user for each JupyterHub user. Together, these make it
+much easier to test JupyterHub.
+
+Tip: If you are working on parts of JupyterHub that are common to all
+authenticators & spawners, we recommend using both DummyAuthenticator &
+SimpleLocalProcessSpawner. If you are working on just authenticator related
+parts, use only SimpleLocalProcessSpawner. Similarly, if you are working on
+just spawner related parts, use only DummyAuthenticator.
+
+Troubleshooting
+===============
+
+This section lists common ways setting up your development environment may
+fail, and how to fix them. Please add to the list if you encounter yet
+another way it can fail!
+
+``lessc`` not found
+-------------------
+
+If the ``python3 -m pip install --editable .`` command fails and complains about
+``lessc`` being unavailable, you may need to explicitly install some
+additional JavaScript dependencies:
+
+.. code:: bash
+
+   npm install
+
+This will fetch client-side JavaScript dependencies necessary to compile
+CSS.
+
+You may also need to manually update JavaScript and CSS after some
+development updates, with:
+
+.. code:: bash
+
+   python3 setup.py js    # fetch updated client-side js
+   python3 setup.py css   # recompile CSS from LESS sources

docs/source/contributing/tests.rst

@@ -0,0 +1,68 @@
+.. _contributing/tests:
+
+==================
+Testing JupyterHub
+==================
+
+Unit test help validate that JupyterHub works the way we think it does,
+and continues to do so when changes occur. They also help communicate
+precisely what we expect our code to do. 
+
+JupyterHub uses `pytest <https://pytest.org>`_ for all our tests. You
+can find them under ``jupyterhub/tests`` directory in the git repository.
+
+Running the tests
+==================
+
+#. Make sure you have completed :ref:`contributing/setup`. You should be able
+   to start ``jupyterhub`` from the commandline & access it from your
+   web browser. This ensures that the dev environment is properly set
+   up for tests to run.
+
+#. You can run all tests in JupyterHub 
+
+   .. code-block:: bash
+
+      pytest -v jupyterhub/tests
+
+   This should display progress as it runs all the tests, printing
+   information about any test failures as they occur.
+   
+   If you wish to confirm test coverage the run tests with the `--cov` flag:
+
+   .. code-block:: bash
+
+      pytest -v --cov=jupyterhub jupyterhub/tests
+
+#. You can also run tests in just a specific file:
+
+   .. code-block:: bash
+
+      pytest -v jupyterhub/tests/<test-file-name>
+
+#. To run a specific test only, you can do:
+
+   .. code-block:: bash
+
+      pytest -v jupyterhub/tests/<test-file-name>::<test-name>
+
+   This runs the test with function name ``<test-name>`` defined in
+   ``<test-file-name>``. This is very useful when you are iteratively
+   developing a single test.
+
+   For example, to run the test ``test_shutdown`` in the file ``test_api.py``,
+   you would run:
+
+   .. code-block:: bash
+      
+      pytest -v jupyterhub/tests/test_api.py::test_shutdown
+
+
+Troubleshooting Test Failures
+=============================
+
+All the tests are failing
+-------------------------
+
+Make sure you have completed all the steps in :ref:`contributing/setup` sucessfully, and
+can launch ``jupyterhub`` from the terminal.

docs/source/events/index.rst

@@ -0,0 +1,50 @@
+Eventlogging and Telemetry
+==========================
+
+JupyterHub can be configured to record structured events from a running server using Jupyter's `Telemetry System`_. The types of events that JupyterHub emits are defined by `JSON schemas`_ listed below_
+
+ emitted as JSON data, defined and validated by the JSON schemas listed below.
+
+
+.. _logging: https://docs.python.org/3/library/logging.html
+.. _`Telemetry System`: https://github.com/jupyter/telemetry
+.. _`JSON schemas`: https://json-schema.org/
+
+How to emit events
+------------------
+
+Event logging is handled by its ``Eventlog`` object. This leverages Python's standing logging_ library to emit, filter, and collect event data. 
+
+
+To begin recording events, you'll need to set two configurations:
+
+    1. ``handlers``: tells the EventLog *where* to route your events. This trait is a list of Python logging handlers that route events to 
+    2. ``allows_schemas``: tells the EventLog *which* events should be recorded. No events are emitted by default; all recorded events must be listed here.
+
+Here's a basic example:
+
+.. code-block::
+
+    import logging
+
+    c.EventLog.handlers = [
+        logging.FileHandler('event.log'),
+    ]
+
+    c.EventLog.allowed_schemas = [
+        'hub.jupyter.org/server-action'
+    ]
+
+The output is a file, ``"event.log"``, with events recorded as JSON data.
+
+
+
+.. _below:
+
+Event schemas
+-------------
+
+.. toctree::
+   :maxdepth: 2
+
+   server-actions.rst

docs/source/events/server-actions.rst

@@ -0,0 +1 @@
+.. jsonschema:: ../../../jupyterhub/event-schemas/server-actions/v1.yaml

docs/source/gallery-jhub-deployments.md

@@ -77,16 +77,25 @@ easy to do with RStudio too.
 - Earth Lab at CU
     - [Tutorial on Parallel R on JupyterHub](https://earthdatascience.org/tutorials/parallel-r-on-jupyterhub/)
 
+### George Washington University
+
+- [Jupyter Hub](http://go.gwu.edu/jupyter) with university single-sign-on. Deployed early 2017.
+
 ### HTCondor
 
 - [HTCondor Python Bindings Tutorial from HTCondor Week 2017 includes information on their JupyterHub tutorials](https://research.cs.wisc.edu/htcondor/HTCondorWeek2017/presentations/TueBockelman_Python.pdf)
 
 ### University of Illinois
 
-- https://datascience.business.illinois.edu
+- https://datascience.business.illinois.edu (currently down; checked 04/26/19)
+
+### IllustrisTNG Simulation Project
+
+- [JupyterHub/Lab-based analysis platform, part of the TNG public data release](http://www.tng-project.org/data/)
 
 ### MIT and Lincoln Labs
 
+- https://supercloud.mit.edu/
 
 ### Michigan State University
 
@@ -100,6 +109,15 @@ easy to do with RStudio too.
 
 - https://dsa.missouri.edu/faq/
 
+### Paderborn University
+
+- [Data Science (DICE) group](https://dice.cs.uni-paderborn.de/)
+    - [nbgraderutils](https://github.com/dice-group/nbgraderutils): Use JupyterHub + nbgrader + iJava kernel for online Java exercises. Used in lecture Statistical Natural Language Processing.
+
+### Penn State University
+
+- [Press release](https://news.psu.edu/story/523093/2018/05/24/new-open-source-web-apps-available-students-and-faculty): "New open-source web apps available for students and faculty" (but Hub is currently down; checked 04/26/19)
+
 ### University of Rochester CIRC
 
 - [JupyterHub Userguide](https://info.circ.rochester.edu/Web_Applications/JupyterHub.html) - Slurm, beehive
@@ -124,7 +142,10 @@ easy to do with RStudio too.
 - Kristen Thyng - Oceanography
     - [Teaching with JupyterHub and nbgrader](http://kristenthyng.com/blog/2016/09/07/jupyterhub+nbgrader/)
 
-
+### Elucidata
+  - What's new in Jupyter Notebooks @[Elucidata](https://elucidata.io/):
+      - Using Jupyter Notebooks with Jupyterhub on GCP, managed by GKE
+            - https://medium.com/elucidata/why-you-should-be-using-a-jupyter-notebook-8385a4ccd93d
 
 ## Service Providers
 
@@ -141,7 +162,6 @@ easy to do with RStudio too.
 
 [Everware](https://github.com/everware) Reproducible and reusable science powered by jupyterhub and docker. Like nbviewer, but executable. CERN, Geneva [website](http://everware.xyz/)
 
-
 ### Microsoft Azure
 
 - https://docs.microsoft.com/en-us/azure/machine-learning/machine-learning-data-science-linux-dsvm-intro
@@ -151,9 +171,11 @@ easy to do with RStudio too.
 - https://getcarina.com/blog/learning-how-to-whale/
 - http://carolynvanslyck.com/talk/carina/jupyterhub/#/
 
-### jcloud.io
-- Open to public JupyterHub server
-    - https://jcloud.io
+### Hadoop
+
+- [Deploying JupyterHub on Hadoop](https://jupyterhub-on-hadoop.readthedocs.io)
+
+
 ## Miscellaneous
 
 - https://medium.com/@ybarraud/setting-up-jupyterhub-with-sudospawner-and-anaconda-844628c0dbee#.rm3yt87e1

docs/source/getting-started/authenticators-users-basics.md

@@ -31,6 +31,15 @@ c.Authenticator.admin_users = {'mal', 'zoe'}
 Users in the admin list are automatically added to the user `whitelist`,
 if they are not already present.
 
+Each authenticator may have different ways of determining whether a user is an
+administrator. By default JupyterHub use the PAMAuthenticator which provide the
+`admin_groups` option and can determine administrator status base on a user
+groups. For example we can let any users in the `wheel` group be admin:
+
+```python
+c.PAMAuthenticator.admin_groups = {'wheel'}
+```
+
 ## Give admin access to other users' notebook servers (`admin_access`)
 
 Since the default `JupyterHub.admin_access` setting is False, the admins
@@ -95,5 +104,16 @@ popular services:
 A generic implementation, which you can use for OAuth authentication
 with any provider, is also available.
 
+## Use DummyAuthenticator for testing
+
+The :class:`~jupyterhub.auth.DummyAuthenticator` is a simple authenticator that
+allows for any username/password unless if a global password has been set. If
+set, it will allow for any username as long as the correct password is provided.
+To set a global password, add this to the config file:
+
+```python
+c.DummyAuthenticator.password = "some_password"
+```
+
 [PAM]: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pluggable_authentication_module
 [OAuthenticator]: https://github.com/jupyterhub/oauthenticator

docs/source/getting-started/config-basics.md

@@ -1,7 +1,7 @@
 # Configuration Basics
 
 The section contains basic information about configuring settings for a JupyterHub
-deployment. The [Technical Reference](../reference/index.html)
+deployment. The [Technical Reference](../reference/index)
 documentation provides additional details.
 
 This section will help you learn how to:
@@ -44,7 +44,7 @@ jupyterhub -f /etc/jupyterhub/jupyterhub_config.py
 ```
 
 The IPython documentation provides additional information on the
-[config system](http://ipython.readthedocs.io/en/stable/development/config.html)
+[config system](http://ipython.readthedocs.io/en/stable/development/config)
 that Jupyter uses.
 
 ## Configure using command line options
@@ -77,11 +77,24 @@ jupyterhub --Spawner.notebook_dir='~/assignments'
 ## Configure for various deployment environments
 
 The default authentication and process spawning mechanisms can be replaced, and
-specific [authenticators](./authenticators-users-basics.html) and
-[spawners](./spawners-basics.html) can be set in the configuration file.
+specific [authenticators](./authenticators-users-basics) and
+[spawners](./spawners-basics) can be set in the configuration file.
 This enables JupyterHub to be used with a variety of authentication methods or
-process control and deployment environments. [Some examples](../reference/config-examples.html),
+process control and deployment environments. [Some examples](../reference/config-examples),
 meant as illustration, are:
 
 - Using GitHub OAuth instead of PAM with [OAuthenticator](https://github.com/jupyterhub/oauthenticator)
 - Spawning single-user servers with Docker, using the [DockerSpawner](https://github.com/jupyterhub/dockerspawner)
+
+## Run the proxy separately
+
+This is *not* strictly necessary, but useful in many cases.  If you
+use a custom proxy (e.g. Traefik), this also not needed.
+
+Connections to user servers go through the proxy, and *not* the hub
+itself.  If the proxy stays running when the hub restarts (for
+maintenance, re-configuration, etc.), then use connections are not
+interrupted.  For simplicity, by default the hub starts the proxy
+automatically, so if the hub restarts, the proxy restarts, and user
+connections are interrupted.  It is easy to run the proxy separately,
+for information see [the separate proxy page](../reference/separate-proxy).

docs/source/getting-started/index.rst

@@ -1,5 +1,10 @@
-Getting Started
-===============
+Get Started
+===========
+
+This section covers how to configure and customize JupyterHub for your
+needs. It contains information about authentication, networking, security, and
+other topics that are relevant to individuals or organizations deploying their
+own JupyterHub.
 
 .. toctree::
    :maxdepth: 2
@@ -10,3 +15,4 @@ Getting Started
    authenticators-users-basics
    spawners-basics
    services-basics
+   institutional-faq

docs/source/getting-started/institutional-faq.md

@@ -0,0 +1,266 @@
+# Institutional FAQ
+
+This page contains common questions from users of JupyterHub,
+broken down by their roles within organizations.
+
+## For all
+
+### Is it appropriate for adoption within a larger institutional context?
+
+Yes! JupyterHub has been used at-scale for large pools of users, as well
+as complex and high-performance computing. For example, UC Berkeley uses
+JupyterHub for its Data Science Education Program courses (serving over
+3,000 students). The Pangeo project uses JupyterHub to provide access
+to scalable cloud computing with Dask. JupyterHub is stable customizable
+to the use-cases of large organizations.
+
+### I keep hearing about Jupyter Notebook, JupyterLab, and now JupyterHub. What’s the difference?
+
+Here is a quick breakdown of these three tools:
+
+* **The Jupyter Notebook** is a document specification (the `.ipynb`) file that interweaves
+  narrative text with code cells and their outputs. It is also a graphical interface
+  that allows users to edit these documents. There are also several other graphical interfaces
+  that allow users to edit the `.ipynb` format (nteract, Jupyer Lab, Google Colab, Kaggle, etc).
+* **JupyterLab** is a flexible and extendible user interface for interactive computing. It
+  has several extensions that are tailored for using Jupyter Notebooks, as well as extensions
+  for other parts of the data science stack.
+* **JupyterHub** is an application that manages interactive computing sessions for **multiple users**.
+  It also connects them with infrastructure those users wish to access. It can provide
+  remote access to Jupyter Notebooks and Jupyter Lab for many people.
+
+## For management
+
+### Briefly, what problem does JupyterHub solve for us?
+
+JupyterHub provides a shared platform for data science and collaboration.
+It allows users to utilize familiar data science workflows (such as the scientific python stack,
+the R tidyverse, and Jupyter Notebooks) on institutional infrastructure. It also allows administrators
+some control over access to resources, security, environments, and authentication.
+
+### Is JupyterHub mature? Why should we trust it?
+
+Yes - the core JupyterHub application recently
+reached 1.0 status, and is considered stable and performant for most institutions.
+JupyterHub has also been deployed (along with other tools) to work on
+scalable infrastructure, large datasets, and high-performance computing.
+
+### Who else uses JupyterHub?
+
+JupyterHub is used at a variety of institutions in academia,
+industry, and government research labs. It is most-commonly used by two kinds of groups:
+
+* Small teams (e.g., data science teams, research labs, or collaborative projects) to provide a
+  shared resource for interactive computing, collaboration, and analytics.
+* Large teams (e.g., a department, a large class, or a large group of remote users) to provide
+  access to organizational hardware, data, and analytics environments at scale.
+
+Here are a sample of organizations that use JupyterHub:
+
+* **Universities and colleges**: UC Berkeley, UC San Diego, Cal Poly SLO, Harvard University, University of Chicago,
+  University of Oslo, University of Sheffield, Université Paris Sud, University of Versailles
+* **Research laboratories**: NASA, NCAR, NOAA, the Large Synoptic Survey Telescope, Brookhaven National Lab,
+  Minnesota Supercomputing Institute, ALCF, CERN, Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory
+* **Online communities**: Pangeo, Quantopian, mybinder.org, MathHub, Open Humans
+* **Computing infrastructure providers**: NERSC, San Diego Supercomputing Center, Compute Canada
+* **Companies**: Capital One, SANDVIK code, Globus
+
+See the [Gallery of JupyterHub deployments](../gallery-jhub-deployments.md) for
+a more complete list of JupyterHub deployments at institutions.
+
+### How does JupyterHub compare with hosted products, like Google Colaboratory, RStudio.cloud, or Anaconda Enterprise?
+
+JupyterHub puts you in control of your data, infrastructure, and coding environment.
+In addition, it is vendor neutral, which reduces lock-in to a particular vendor or service.
+JupyterHub provides access to interactive computing environments in the cloud (similar to each of these services).
+Compared with the tools above, it is more flexible, more customizable, free, and
+gives administrators more control over their setup and hardware.
+
+Because JupyterHub is an open-source, community-driven tool, it can be extended and
+modified to fit an institution's needs. It plays nicely with the open source data science
+stack, and can serve a variety of computing enviroments, user interfaces, and
+computational hardware. It can also be deployed anywhere - on enterprise cloud infrastructure, on
+High-Performance-Computing machines, on local hardware, or even on a single laptop, which
+is not possible with most other tools for shared interactive computing.
+
+## For IT
+
+### How would I set up JupyterHub on institutional hardware?
+
+That depends on what kind of hardware you've got. JupyterHub is flexible enough to be deployed
+on a variety of hardware, including in-room hardware, on-prem clusters, cloud infrastructure,
+etc.
+
+The most common way to set up a JupyterHub is to use a JupyterHub distribution, these are pre-configured
+and opinionated ways to set up a JupyterHub on particular kinds of infrastructure. The two distributions
+that we currently suggest are:
+
+* [Zero to JupyterHub for Kubernetes](https://z2jh.jupyter.org) is a scalable JupyterHub deployment and
+  guide that runs on Kubernetes. Better for larger or dynamic user groups (50-10,000) or more complex
+  compute/data needs.
+* [The Littlest JupyterHub](https://tljh.jupyter.org) is a lightweight JupyterHub that runs on a single
+  single machine (in the cloud or under your desk). Better for smaller usergroups (4-80) or more
+  lightweight computational resources.
+
+
+### Does JupyterHub run well in the cloud?
+
+Yes - most deployments of JupyterHub are run via cloud infrastructure and on a variety of cloud providers.
+Depending on the distribution of JupyterHub that you'd like to use, you can also connect your JupyterHub
+deployment with a number of other cloud-native services so that users have access to other resources from
+their interactive computing sessions.
+
+For example, if you use the [Zero to JupyterHub for Kubernetes](https://z2jh.jupyter.org) distribution,
+you'll be able to utilize container-based workflows of other technologies such as the [dask-kubernetes](https://kubernetes.dask.org/en/latest/)
+project for distributed computing.
+
+The Z2JH Helm Chart also has some functionality built in for auto-scaling your cluster up and down
+as more resources are needed - allowing you to utilize the benefits of a flexible cloud-based deployment.
+
+### Is JupyterHub secure?
+
+The short answer: yes. JupyterHub as a standalone application has been battle-tested at an institutional
+level for several years, and makes a number of "default" security decisions that are reasonable for most
+users.
+
+* For security considerations in the base JupyterHub application,
+  [see the JupyterHub security page](https://jupyterhub.readthedocs.io/en/stable/reference/websecurity.html)
+* For security considerations when deploying JupyterHub on Kubernetes, see the
+  [JupyterHub on Kubernetes security page](https://zero-to-jupyterhub.readthedocs.io/en/latest/security.html).
+
+The longer answer: it depends on your deployment. Because JupyterHub is very flexible, it can be used
+in a variety of deployment setups. This often entails connecting your JupyterHub to **other** infrastructure
+(such as a [Dask Gateway service](https://gateway.dask.org/)). There are many security decisions to be made
+in these cases, and the security of your JupyterHub deployment will often depend on these decisions.
+
+If you are worried about security, don't hesitate to reach out to the JupyterHub community in the
+[Jupyter Community Forum](https://discourse.jupyter.org/c/jupyterhub). This community of practice has many
+individuals with experience running secure JupyterHub deployments.
+
+
+### Does JupyterHub provide computing or data infrastructure?
+
+No - JupyterHub manages user sessions and can *control* computing infrastructure, but it does not provide these
+things itself. You are expected to run JupyterHub on your own infrastructure (local or in the cloud). Moreover,
+JupyterHub has no internal concept of "data", but is designed to be able to communicate with data repositories
+(again, either locally or remotely) for use within interactive computing sessions.
+
+
+### How do I manage users?
+
+JupyterHub offers a few options for managing your users. Upon setting up a JupyterHub, you can choose what
+kind of **authentication** you'd like to use. For example, you can have users sign up with an institutional
+email address, or choose a username / password when they first log-in, or offload authentication onto
+another service such as an organization's OAuth.
+
+The users of a JupyterHub are stored locally, and can be modified manually by an administrator of the JupyterHub.
+Moreover, the *active* users on a JupyterHub can be found on the administrator's page. This page
+gives you the abiltiy to stop or restart kernels, inspect user filesystems, and even take over user
+sessions to assist them with debugging.
+
+### How do I manage software environments?
+
+A key benefit of JupyterHub is the ability for an administrator to define the environment(s) that users
+have access to. There are many ways to do this, depending on what kind of infrastructure you're using for
+your JupyterHub.
+
+For example, **The Littlest JupyterHub** runs on a single VM. In this case, the administrator defines
+an environment by installing packages to a shared folder that exists on the path of all users. The
+**JupyterHub for Kubernetes** deployment uses Docker images to define environments. You can create your
+own list of Docker images that users can select from, and can also control things like the amount of
+RAM available to users, or the types of machines that their sessions will use in the cloud.
+
+### How does JupyterHub manage computational resources?
+
+For interactive computing sessions, JupyterHub controls computational resources via a **spawner**.
+Spawners define how a new user session is created, and are customized for particular kinds of
+infrastructure. For example, the KubeSpawner knows how to control a Kubernetes deployment
+to create new pods when users log in.
+
+For more sophisticated computational resources (like distributed computing), JupyterHub can
+connect with other infrastructure tools (like Dask or Spark). This allows users to control
+scalable or high-performance resources from within their JupyterHub sessions. The logic of
+how those resources are controlled is taken care of by the non-JupyterHub application.
+
+
+### Can JupyterHub be used with my high-performance computing resources?
+
+Yes - JupyterHub can provide access to many kinds of computing infrastructure.
+Especially when combined with other open-source schedulers such as Dask, you can manage fairly
+complex computing infrastructure from the interactive sessions of a JupyterHub. For example
+[see the Dask HPC page](https://docs.dask.org/en/latest/setup/hpc.html).
+
+### How much resources do user sessions take?
+
+This is highly configurable by the administrator. If you wish for your users to have simple
+data analytics environments for prototyping and light data exploring, you can restrict their
+memory and CPU based on the resources that you have available. If you'd like your JupyterHub
+to serve as a gateway to high-performance compute or data resources, you may increase the
+resources available on user machines, or connect them with computing infrastructure elsewhere.
+
+### Can I customize the look and feel of a JupyterHub?
+
+JupyterHub provides some customization of the graphics displayed to users. The most common
+modification is to add custom branding to the JupyterHub login page, loading pages, and
+various elements that persist across all pages (such as headers).
+
+## For Technical Leads
+
+### Will JupyterHub “just work” with our team's interactive computing setup?
+
+Depending on the complexity of your setup, you'll have different experiences with "out of the box"
+distributions of JupyterHub. If all of the resources you need will fit on a single VM, then
+[The Littlest JupyterHub](https://tljh.jupyter.org) should get you up-and-running within
+a half day or so. For more complex setups, such as scalable Kubernetes clusters or access
+to high-performance computing and data, it will require more time and expertise with
+the technologies your JupyterHub will use (e.g., dev-ops knowledge with cloud computing).
+
+In general, the base JupyterHub deployment is not the bottleneck for setup, it is connecting
+your JupyterHub with the various services and tools that you wish to provide to your users.
+
+
+### How well does JupyterHub scale? What are JupyterHub's limitations?
+
+JupyterHub works well at both a small scale (e.g., a single VM or machine) as well as a
+high scale (e.g., a scalable Kubernetes cluster). It can be used for teams as small a 2, and
+for user bases as large as 10,000. The scalability of JupyterHub largely depends on the
+infrastructure on which it is deployed. JupyterHub has been designed to be lightweight and
+flexible, so you can tailor your JupyterHub deployment to your needs.
+
+
+### Is JupyterHub resilient? What happens when a machine goes down?
+
+For JupyterHubs that are deployed in a containerized environment (e.g., Kubernetes), it is
+possible to configure the JupyterHub to be fairly resistant to failures in the system.
+For example, if JupyterHub fails, then user sessions will not be affected (though new
+users will not be able to log in). When a JupyterHub process is restarted, it should
+seamlessly connect with the user database and the system will return to normal.
+Again, the details of your JupyterHub deployment (e.g., whether it's deployed on a scalable cluster)
+will affect the resiliency of the deployment.
+
+### What interfaces does JupyterHub support?
+
+Out of the box, JupyterHub supports a variety of popular data science interfaces for user sessions,
+such as JupyterLab, Jupyter Notebooks, and RStudio. Any interface that can be served
+via a web address can be served with a JupyterHub (with the right setup).
+
+### Does JupyterHub make it easier for our team to collaborate?
+
+JupyterHub provides a standardized environment and access to shared resources for your teams.
+This greatly reduces the cost associated with sharing analyses and content with other team
+members, and makes it easier to collaborate and build off of one another's ideas. Combined with
+access to high-performance computing and data, JupyterHub provides a common resource to
+amplify your team's ability to prototype their analyses, scale them to larger data, and then
+share their results with one another.
+
+JupyterHub also provides a computational framework to share computational narratives between
+different levels of an organization. For example, data scientists can share Jupyter Notebooks
+rendered as [voila dashboards](https://voila.readthedocs.io/en/stable/) with those who are not
+familiar with programming, or create publicly-available interactive analyses to allow others to
+interact with your work.
+
+### Can I use JupyterHub with R/RStudio or other languages and environments?
+
+Yes, Jupyter is a polyglot project, and there are over 40 community-provided kernels for a variety
+of languages (the most common being Python, Julia, and R). You can also use a JupyterHub to provide
+access to other interfaces, such as RStudio, that provide their own access to a language kernel.

docs/source/getting-started/networking-basics.md

@@ -41,7 +41,7 @@ port.
 
 ## Set the Proxy's REST API communication URL (optional)
 
-By default, this REST API listens on port 8081 of `localhost` only.
+By default, this REST API listens on port 8001 of `localhost` only.
 The Hub service talks to the proxy via a REST API on a secondary port. The
 API URL can be configured separately and override the default settings.
 

docs/source/getting-started/security-basics.rst

@@ -124,7 +124,7 @@ hex-encoded string. You can set it this way:
 
 .. code-block:: bash
 
-    export JPY_COOKIE_SECRET=`openssl rand -hex 32`
+    export JPY_COOKIE_SECRET=$(openssl rand -hex 32)
 
 For security reasons, this environment variable should only be visible to the
 Hub. If you set it dynamically as above, all users will be logged out each time
@@ -173,7 +173,7 @@ using the ``CONFIGPROXY_AUTH_TOKEN`` environment variable:
 
 .. code-block:: bash
 
-    export CONFIGPROXY_AUTH_TOKEN='openssl rand -hex 32'
+    export CONFIGPROXY_AUTH_TOKEN=$(openssl rand -hex 32)
 
 This environment variable needs to be visible to the Hub and Proxy.
 

docs/source/getting-started/services-basics.md

@@ -3,9 +3,9 @@
 When working with JupyterHub, a **Service** is defined as a process
 that interacts with the Hub's REST API. A Service may perform a specific
 or action or task. For example, shutting down individuals' single user
-notebook servers that have been is a good example of a task that could
-be automated by a Service. Let's look at how the [cull_idle_servers][]
-script can be used as a Service.
+notebook servers that have been idle for some time is a good example of
+a task that could be automated by a Service. Let's look at how the
+[cull_idle_servers][] script can be used as a Service.
 
 ## Real-world example to cull idle servers
 
@@ -14,7 +14,7 @@ document will:
 
 - explain some basic information about API tokens
 - clarify that API tokens can be used to authenticate to
-  single-user servers as of [version 0.8.0](../changelog.html)
+  single-user servers as of [version 0.8.0](../changelog)
 - show how the [cull_idle_servers][] script can be:
     - used in a Hub-managed service
     - run as a standalone script
@@ -29,14 +29,14 @@ Hub via the REST API.
 To run such an external service, an API token must be created and
 provided to the service.
 
-As of [version 0.6.0](../changelog.html), the preferred way of doing
+As of [version 0.6.0](../changelog), the preferred way of doing
 this is to first generate an API token:
 
 ```bash
 openssl rand -hex 32
 ```
 
-In [version 0.8.0](../changelog.html), a TOKEN request page for
+In [version 0.8.0](../changelog), a TOKEN request page for
 generating an API token is available from the JupyterHub user interface:
 
 ![Request API TOKEN page](../images/token-request.png)
@@ -88,7 +88,7 @@ c.JupyterHub.services = [
     {
         'name': 'cull-idle',
         'admin': True,
-        'command': 'python3 cull_idle_servers.py --timeout=3600'.split(),
+        'command': [sys.executable, 'cull_idle_servers.py', '--timeout=3600'],
     }
 ]
 ```

docs/source/index-about.rst

@@ -0,0 +1,15 @@
+=====
+About
+=====
+
+JupyterHub is an open source project and community. It is a part of the
+`Jupyter Project <https://jupyter.org>`_. JupyterHub is an open and inclusive
+community, and invites contributions from anyone. This section covers information
+about our community, as well as ways that you can connect and get involved.
+
+.. toctree::
+   :maxdepth: 1
+
+   contributor-list
+   changelog
+   gallery-jhub-deployments

docs/source/index-admin.rst

@@ -0,0 +1,13 @@
+=====================
+Administrator's Guide
+=====================
+
+This guide covers best-practices, tips, common questions and operations, as
+well as other information relevant to running your own JupyterHub over time.
+
+.. toctree::
+   :maxdepth: 2
+
+   troubleshooting
+   admin/upgrading
+   changelog

docs/source/index.rst

@@ -1,21 +1,38 @@
+==========
 JupyterHub
 ==========
 
-`JupyterHub`_, a multi-user **Hub**, spawns, manages, and proxies multiple
+`JupyterHub`_ is the best way to serve `Jupyter notebook`_ for multiple users.
+It can be used in a classes of students, a corporate data science group or scientific
+research group. It is a multi-user **Hub** that spawns, manages, and proxies multiple
 instances of the single-user `Jupyter notebook`_ server.
-JupyterHub can be used to serve notebooks to a class of students, a corporate
-data science group, or a scientific research group.
 
-.. image:: images/jhub-parts.png
+To make life easier, JupyterHub have distributions. Be sure to
+take a look at them before continuing with the configuration of the broad
+original system of `JupyterHub`_. Today, you can find two main cases:
+
+1. If you need a simple case for a small amount of users (0-100) and single server
+   take a look at
+   `The Littlest JupyterHub <https://github.com/jupyterhub/the-littlest-jupyterhub>`__ distribution.
+2. If you need to allow for even more users, a dynamic amount of servers can be used on a cloud,
+   take a look at the `Zero to JupyterHub with Kubernetes <https://github.com/jupyterhub/zero-to-jupyterhub-k8s>`__ .
+
+
+Four subsystems make up JupyterHub:
+
+* a **Hub** (tornado process) that is the heart of JupyterHub
+* a **configurable http proxy** (node-http-proxy) that receives the requests from the client's browser
+* multiple **single-user Jupyter notebook servers** (Python/IPython/tornado) that are monitored by Spawners
+* an **authentication class** that manages how users can access the system
+
+
+Besides these central pieces, you can add optional configurations through a `config.py` file and manage users kernels on an admin panel. A simplification of the whole system can be seen in the figure below:
+
+.. image:: images/jhub-fluxogram.jpeg
    :alt: JupyterHub subsystems
-   :width: 40%
-   :align: right
+   :width: 80%
+   :align: center
 
-Three subsystems make up JupyterHub:
-
-* a multi-user **Hub** (tornado process)
-* a **configurable http proxy** (node-http-proxy)
-* multiple **single-user Jupyter notebook servers** (Python/IPython/tornado)
 
 JupyterHub performs the following functions:
 
@@ -28,98 +45,106 @@ JupyterHub performs the following functions:
 For convenient administration of the Hub, its users, and services,
 JupyterHub also provides a `REST API`_.
 
+The JupyterHub team and Project Jupyter value our community, and JupyterHub
+follows the Jupyter `Community Guides <https://jupyter.readthedocs.io/en/latest/community/content-community.html>`_.
+
 Contents
---------
+========
 
-**Installation Guide**
+.. _index/distributions:
 
-* :doc:`installation-guide`
-* :doc:`quickstart`
-* :doc:`quickstart-docker`
-* :doc:`installation-basics`
+Distributions
+-------------
 
-**Getting Started**
+A JupyterHub **distribution** is tailored towards a particular set of
+use cases. These are generally easier to set up than setting up
+JupyterHub from scratch, assuming they fit your use case.
 
-* :doc:`getting-started/index`
-* :doc:`getting-started/config-basics`
-* :doc:`getting-started/networking-basics`
-* :doc:`getting-started/security-basics`
-* :doc:`getting-started/authenticators-users-basics`
-* :doc:`getting-started/spawners-basics`
-* :doc:`getting-started/services-basics`
+The two popular ones are:
 
-**Technical Reference**
+* `Zero to JupyterHub on Kubernetes <http://z2jh.jupyter.org>`_, for
+  running JupyterHub on top of `Kubernetes <https://k8s.io>`_. This
+  can scale to large number of machines & users.
+* `The Littlest JupyterHub <http://tljh.jupyter.org>`_, for an easy
+  to set up & run JupyterHub supporting 1-100 users on a single machine.
 
-* :doc:`reference/index`
-* :doc:`reference/technical-overview`
-* :doc:`reference/websecurity`
-* :doc:`reference/authenticators`
-* :doc:`reference/spawners`
-* :doc:`reference/services`
-* :doc:`reference/rest`
-* :doc:`reference/upgrading`
-* :doc:`reference/templates`
-* :doc:`reference/config-user-env`
-* :doc:`reference/config-examples`
-* :doc:`reference/config-ghoauth`
-* :doc:`reference/config-proxy`
-* :doc:`reference/config-sudo`
+Installation Guide
+------------------
 
-**API Reference**
+.. toctree::
+   :maxdepth: 2
 
-* :doc:`api/index`
+   installation-guide
 
-**Tutorials**
+Getting Started
+---------------
 
-* :doc:`tutorials/index`
-* :doc:`tutorials/upgrade-dot-eight`
-* `Zero to JupyterHub with Kubernetes <https://zero-to-jupyterhub.readthedocs.io/en/latest/>`_
+.. toctree::
+   :maxdepth: 2
 
-**Troubleshooting**
+   getting-started/index
 
-* :doc:`troubleshooting`
+Technical Reference
+-------------------
 
-**About JupyterHub**
+.. toctree::
+   :maxdepth: 2
 
-* :doc:`contributor-list`
-* :doc:`gallery-jhub-deployments`
+   reference/index
 
-**Changelog**
+Administrators guide
+--------------------
 
-* :doc:`changelog`
+.. toctree::
+   :maxdepth: 2
+
+   index-admin
+
+API Reference
+-------------
+
+.. toctree::
+   :maxdepth: 2
+
+   api/index
+
+Contributing
+------------
+
+We want you to contribute to JupyterHub in ways that are most exciting
+& useful to you. We value documentation, testing, bug reporting & code equally,
+and are glad to have your contributions in whatever form you wish :)
+
+Our `Code of Conduct <https://github.com/jupyter/governance/blob/master/conduct/code_of_conduct.md>`_
+(`reporting guidelines <https://github.com/jupyter/governance/blob/master/conduct/reporting_online.md>`_)
+helps keep our community welcoming to as many people as possible.
+
+.. toctree::
+   :maxdepth: 2
+
+   contributing/index
+
+About JupyterHub
+----------------
+
+.. toctree::
+   :maxdepth: 2
+
+   index-about
 
 Indices and tables
-------------------
+==================
 
 * :ref:`genindex`
 * :ref:`modindex`
 
 
 Questions? Suggestions?
------------------------
+=======================
 
 - `Jupyter mailing list <https://groups.google.com/forum/#!forum/jupyter>`_
 - `Jupyter website <https://jupyter.org>`_
 
-.. _contents:
-
-Full Table of Contents
-----------------------
-
-.. toctree::
-   :maxdepth: 2
-
-   installation-guide
-   getting-started/index
-   reference/index
-   api/index
-   tutorials/index
-   troubleshooting
-   contributor-list
-   gallery-jhub-deployments
-   changelog
-
-
 .. _JupyterHub: https://github.com/jupyterhub/jupyterhub
 .. _Jupyter notebook: https://jupyter-notebook.readthedocs.io/en/latest/
 .. _REST API: http://petstore.swagger.io/?url=https://raw.githubusercontent.com/jupyterhub/jupyterhub/master/docs/rest-api.yml#!/default

docs/source/installation-basics.md

@@ -6,7 +6,7 @@ JupyterHub is supported on Linux/Unix based systems. To use JupyterHub, you need
 a Unix server (typically Linux) running somewhere that is accessible to your
 team on the network. The JupyterHub server can be on an internal network at your
 organization, or it can run on the public internet (in which case, take care
-with the Hub's [security](./security-basics.html)).
+with the Hub's [security](./getting-started/security-basics)).
 
 JupyterHub officially **does not** support Windows. You may be able to use
 JupyterHub on Windows if you use a Spawner and Authenticator that work on

docs/source/installation-guide-hard.md

@@ -0,0 +1,338 @@
+# Install JupyterHub and JupyterLab from the ground up
+
+The combination of [JupyterHub](https://jupyterhub.readthedocs.io) and [JupyterLab](https://jupyterlab.readthedocs.io)
+is a great way to make shared computing resources available to a group.
+
+These instructions are a guide for a manual, 'bare metal' install of [JupyterHub](https://jupyterhub.readthedocs.io) 
+and [JupyterLab](https://jupyterlab.readthedocs.io). This is ideal for running on a single server: build a beast
+of a machine and share it within your lab, or use a virtual machine from any VPS or cloud provider.
+
+This guide has similar goals to [The Littlest JupyterHub](https://the-littlest-jupyterhub.readthedocs.io) setup
+script. However, instead of bundling all these step for you into one installer, we will perform every step manually.
+This makes it easy to customize any part (e.g. if you want to run other services on the same system and need to make them
+work together), as well as giving you full control and understanding of your setup.
+
+
+## Prerequisites
+
+Your own server with administrator (root) access. This could be a local machine, a remotely hosted one, or a cloud instance
+or VPS. Each user who will access JupyterHub should have a standard user account on the machine. The install will be done
+through the command line - useful if you log into your machine remotely using SSH.
+
+This tutorial was tested on **Ubuntu 18.04**. No other Linux distributions have been tested, but the instructions 
+should be reasonably straightforward to adapt.
+
+
+## Goals
+
+JupyterLab enables access to a multiple 'kernels', each one being a given environment for a given language. The most
+common is a Python environment, for scientific computing usually one managed by the `conda` package manager.
+
+This guide will set up JupyterHub and JupyterLab seperately from the Python environment. In other words, we treat
+JupyterHub+JupyterLab as a 'app' or webservice, which will connect to the kernels available on the system. Specifically:
+
+- We will create an installation of JupyterHub and JupyterLab using a virtualenv under `/opt` using the system Python.
+
+- We will install conda globally.
+
+- We will create a shared conda environment which can be used (but not modified) by all users.
+
+- We will show how users can create their own private conda environments, where they can install whatever they like.
+
+
+The default JupyterHub Authenticator uses PAM to authenticate system users with their username and password. One can
+[choose the authenticator](https://jupyterhub.readthedocs.io/en/stable/reference/authenticators.html#authenticators) 
+that best suits their needs. In this guide we will use the default Authenticator because it makes it easy for everyone to manage data 
+in their home folder and to mix and match different services and access methods (e.g. SSH) which all work using the 
+Linux system user accounts. Therefore, each user of JupyterHub will need a standard system user account.
+
+Another goal of this guide is to use system provided packages wherever possible. This has the advantage that these packages
+get automatic patches and security updates (be sure to turn on automatic updates in Ubuntu). This means less maintenance
+work and a more reliable system.
+
+## Part 1: JupyterHub and JupyterLab
+
+### Setup the JupyterHub and JupyterLab in a virtual environment
+
+First we create a virtual environment under '/opt/jupyterhub'. The '/opt' folder is where apps not belonging to the operating
+system are [commonly installed](https://unix.stackexchange.com/questions/11544/what-is-the-difference-between-opt-and-usr-local).
+Both jupyterlab and jupyterhub will be installed into this virtualenv. Create it with the command:
+
+```sh
+sudo python3 -m venv /opt/jupyterhub/
+```
+
+Now we use pip to install the required Python packages into the new virtual environment. Be sure to install 
+`wheel` first. Since we are separating the user interface from the computing kernels, we don't install 
+any Python scientific packages here. The only exception is `ipywidgets` because this is needed to allow connection 
+between interactive tools running in the kernel and the user interface. 
+
+Note that we use `/opt/jupyterhub/bin/python3 -m pip install` each time - this [makes sure](https://snarky.ca/why-you-should-use-python-m-pip/)
+that the packages are installed to the correct virtual environment.
+
+Perform the install using the following commands:
+
+```sh
+sudo /opt/jupyterhub/bin/python3 -m pip install wheel
+sudo /opt/jupyterhub/bin/python3 -m pip install jupyterhub jupyterlab
+sudo /opt/jupyterhub/bin/python3 -m pip install ipywidgets
+```
+
+JupyterHub also currently defaults to requiring `configurable-http-proxy`, which needs `nodejs` and `npm`. The versions
+of these available in Ubuntu therefore need to be installed first (they are a bit old but this is ok for our needs):
+
+```sh
+sudo apt install nodejs npm
+```
+
+Then install `configurable-http-proxy`:
+
+```sh
+npm install -g configurable-http-proxy
+```
+
+### Create the configuration for JupyterHub
+
+Now we start creating configuration files. To keep everything together, we put all the configuration into the folder
+created for the virtualenv, under `/opt/jupyterhub/etc/`. For each thing needing configuration, we will create a further
+subfolder and necessary files. 
+
+First create the folder for the JupyterHub configuration and navigate to it:
+
+```sh
+sudo mkdir -p /opt/jupyterhub/etc/jupyterhub/
+cd /opt/jupyterhub/etc/jupyterhub/
+```
+Then generate the default configuration file
+
+```sh
+sudo /opt/jupyterhub/bin/jupyterhub --generate-config
+```
+This will produce the default configuration file `/opt/jupyterhub/etc/jupyterhub/jupyterhub_config.py`
+
+You will need to edit the configuration file to make the JupyterLab interface by the default. 
+Set the following configuration option in your `jupyterhub_config.py` file:
+
+```python
+c.Spawner.default_url = '/lab' 
+```
+
+Further configuration options may be found in the documentation.
+
+### Setup Systemd service
+
+We will setup JupyterHub to run as a system service using Systemd (which is responsible for managing all services and 
+servers that run on startup in Ubuntu). We will create a service file in a suitable location in the virtualenv folder 
+and then link it to the system services. First create the folder for the service file:
+
+```sh
+sudo mkdir -p /opt/jupyterhub/etc/systemd
+```
+
+Then create the following text file using your [favourite editor](https://micro-editor.github.io/) at
+```sh
+/opt/jupyterhub/etc/systemd/jupyterhub.service
+```
+
+Paste the following service unit definition into the file:
+
+```
+[Unit]
+Description=JupyterHub
+After=syslog.target network.target
+
+[Service]
+User=root
+Environment="PATH=/bin:/usr/local/sbin:/usr/local/bin:/usr/sbin:/usr/bin:/opt/jupyterhub/bin"
+ExecStart=/opt/jupyterhub/bin/jupyterhub -f /opt/jupyterhub/etc/jupyterhub/jupyterhub_config.py
+
+[Install]
+WantedBy=multi-user.target
+```
+
+This sets up the environment to use the virtual environment we created, tells Systemd how to start jupyterhub using
+the configuration file we created, specifies that jupyterhub will be started as the `root` user (needed so that it can
+start jupyter on behalf of other logged in users), and specifies that jupyterhub should start on boot after the network
+is enabled.
+
+Finally, we need to make systemd aware of our service file. First we symlink our file into systemd's directory:
+
+```sh
+sudo ln -s /opt/jupyterhub/etc/systemd/jupyterhub.service /etc/systemd/system/jupyterhub.service
+```
+
+Then tell systemd to reload its configuration files
+
+```sh
+sudo systemctl daemon-reload
+```
+
+And finally enable the service 
+
+```sh
+sudo systemctl enable jupyterhub.service
+```
+
+The service will start on reboot, but we can start it straight away using:
+
+```sh
+sudo systemctl start jupyterhub.service
+```
+
+...and check that it's running using:
+
+```sh
+sudo systemctl status jupyterhub.service
+```
+
+You should now be already be able to access jupyterhub using `<your servers ip>:8000` (assuming you haven't already set
+up a firewall or something). However, when you log in the jupyter notebooks will be trying to use the Python virtualenv
+that was created to install JupyterHub, this is not what we want. So on to part 2   
+
+## Part 2: Conda environments
+
+### Install conda for the whole system
+
+We will use `conda` to manage Python environments. We will install the officially maintained `conda` packages for Ubuntu,
+this means they will get automatic updates with the rest of the system. Setup repo for the official Conda debian packages,
+instructions are copied from [here](https://docs.conda.io/projects/conda/en/latest/user-guide/install/rpm-debian.html):
+
+Install Anacononda public gpg key to trusted store
+```sh
+curl https://repo.anaconda.com/pkgs/misc/gpgkeys/anaconda.asc | gpg --dearmor > conda.gpg 
+sudo install -o root -g root -m 644 conda.gpg /etc/apt/trusted.gpg.d/
+```
+
+Add Debian repo
+
+```sh
+sudo echo "deb [arch=amd64] https://repo.anaconda.com/pkgs/misc/debrepo/conda stable main" > /etc/apt/sources.list.d/conda.list
+```
+
+Install conda
+
+```sh
+sudo apt update
+sudo apt install conda
+```
+
+This will install conda into the folder `/opt/conda/`, with the conda command available at `/opt/conda/bin/conda`.
+
+Finally, we can make conda more easily available to users by symlinking the conda shell setup script to the profile
+'drop in' folder so that it gets run on login
+
+```sh
+sudo ln -s /opt/conda/etc/profile.d/conda.sh /etc/profile.d/conda.sh
+```
+
+### Install a default conda environment for all users
+
+First create a folder for conda envs (might exist already):
+```sh
+sudo mkdir /opt/conda/envs/
+```
+
+Then create a conda environment to your liking within that folder. Here we have called it 'python' because it will
+be the obvious default - call it whatever you like. You can install whatever you like into this environment, but you MUST at least install `ipykernel`.
+
+```sh
+sudo /opt/conda/bin/conda create --prefix /opt/conda/envs/python python=3.7 ipykernel
+```
+
+Once your env is set up as desired, make it visible to Jupyter by installing the kernel spec. There are two options here: 
+
+1 ) Install into the JupyterHub virtualenv - this ensures it overrides the default python version. It will only be visible
+to the JupyterHub installation we have just created. This is useful to avoid conda environments appearing where they are not expected.
+
+```sh
+sudo /opt/conda/envs/python/bin/python -m ipykernel install --prefix=/opt/jupyterhub/ --name 'python' --display-name "Python (default)"
+```
+
+2 ) Install it system-wide by putting it into `/usr/local`. It will be visible to any parallel install of JupyterHub or
+JupyterLab, and will persist even if you later delete or modify the JupyterHub installation. This is useful if the kernels
+might be used by other services, or if you want to modify the JupyterHub installation independently from the conda environments.
+
+```sh
+sudo /opt/conda/envs/python/bin/python -m ipykernel install --prefix /usr/local/ --name 'python' --display-name "Python (default)"
+````
+
+### Setting up users' own conda environments
+
+There is relatively little for the administrator to do here, as users will have to set up their own environments using the shell. 
+On login they should run `conda init` or  `/opt/conda/bin/conda`. The can then use conda to set up their environment,
+although they must also install `ipykernel`. Once done, they can enable their kernel using:
+
+```sh
+/path/to/kernel/env/bin/python -m ipykernel install --name 'python-my-env' --display-name "Python My Env"
+```
+
+This will place the kernel spec into their home folder, where Jupyter will look for it on startup.
+
+
+## Setting up a reverse proxy 
+
+The guide so far results in JupyterHub running on port 8000. It is not generally advisable to run open web services in 
+this way - instead, use a reverse proxy running on standard HTTP/HTTPS ports.
+
+> **Important**: Be aware of the security implications especially if you are running a server that is accessible from the open internet 
+> i.e. not protected within an institutional intranet or private home/office network. You should set up a firewall and 
+> HTTPS encryption, which is outside of the scope of this guide. For HTTPS consider using [LetsEncrypt](https://letsencrypt.org/) 
+> or setting up a [self-signed certificate](https://www.digitalocean.com/community/tutorials/how-to-create-a-self-signed-ssl-certificate-for-nginx-in-ubuntu-18-04).
+> Firewalls may be set up using `ufs` or `firewalld` and combined with `fail2ban`.
+
+### Using Nginx
+Nginx is a mature and established web server and reverse proxy and is easy to install using `sudo apt install nginx`.
+Details on using Nginx as a reverse proxy can be found elsewhere. Here, we will only outline the additional steps needed 
+to setup JupyterHub with Nginx and host it at a given URL e.g. `<your-server-ip-or-url>/jupyter`. 
+This could be useful for example if you are running several services or web pages on the same server.
+
+To achieve this needs a few tweaks to both the JupyterHub configuration and the Nginx config. First, edit the
+configuration file `/opt/jupyterhub/etc/jupyterhub/jupyterhub_config.py` and add the line:
+
+```python
+c.JupyterHub.bind_url = 'http://:8000/jupyter'
+```
+
+where `/jupyter` will be the relative URL of the JupyterHub.
+
+Now Nginx must be configured with a to pass all traffic from `/jupyter` to the the local address `127.0.0.1:8000`.
+Add the following snippet to your nginx configuration file (e.g. `/etc/nginx/sites-available/default`).
+
+```
+  location /jupyter/ {    
+    # NOTE important to also set base url of jupyterhub to /jupyter in its config
+    proxy_pass http://127.0.0.1:8000;
+
+    proxy_redirect   off;
+    proxy_set_header X-Real-IP $remote_addr;
+    proxy_set_header Host $host;
+    proxy_set_header X-Forwarded-For $proxy_add_x_forwarded_for;
+    proxy_set_header X-Forwarded-Proto $scheme;
+
+    # websocket headers
+    proxy_set_header Upgrade $http_upgrade;
+    proxy_set_header Connection $connection_upgrade;
+
+  }
+```
+
+Nginx will not run if there are errors in the configuration, check your configuration using:
+
+```sh
+nginx -t
+```
+
+If there are no errors, you can restart the Nginx service for the new configuration to take effect.
+
+```sh
+sudo systemctl restart nginx.service
+```
+
+
+## Getting started using your new JupyterHub
+
+Once you have setup JupyterHub and Nginx proxy as described, you can browse to your JupyterHub IP or URL 
+(e.g. if your server IP address is `123.456.789.1` and you decided to host JupyterHub at the `/jupyter` URL, browse
+to `123.456.789.1/jupyter`). You will find a login page where you enter your Linux username and password. On login
+you will be presented with the JupyterLab interface, with the file browser pane showing the contents of your users'
+home directory on the server.

docs/source/installation-guide.rst

@@ -1,5 +1,9 @@
-Installation Guide
-==================
+Installation
+============
+
+These sections cover how to get up-and-running with JupyterHub. They cover
+some basics of the tools needed to deploy JupyterHub as well as how to get it
+running on your own infrastructure.
 
 .. toctree::
    :maxdepth: 3
@@ -7,3 +11,4 @@ Installation Guide
    quickstart
    quickstart-docker
    installation-basics
+   installation-guide-hard

docs/source/ipython_security.asc

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docs/source/quickstart-docker.rst

@@ -25,7 +25,7 @@ Starting JupyterHub with docker
 
 The JupyterHub docker image can be started with the following command::
 
-    docker run -d --name jupyterhub jupyterhub/jupyterhub jupyterhub
+    docker run -d -p 8000:8000 --name jupyterhub jupyterhub/jupyterhub jupyterhub
 
 This command will create a container named ``jupyterhub`` that you can
 **stop and resume** with ``docker stop/start``.

docs/source/reference/authenticators.md

@@ -5,8 +5,8 @@ Hub and single user notebook servers.
 
 ## The default PAM Authenticator
 
-JupyterHub ships only with the default [PAM][]-based Authenticator,
-for logging in with local user accounts via a username and password.
+JupyterHub ships with the default [PAM][]-based Authenticator, for
+logging in with local user accounts via a username and password.
 
 ## The OAuthenticator
 
@@ -34,12 +34,17 @@ popular services:
 A generic implementation, which you can use for OAuth authentication
 with any provider, is also available.
 
+## The Dummy Authenticator
+
+When testing, it may be helpful to use the
+:class:`~jupyterhub.auth.DummyAuthenticator`. This allows for any username and
+password unless if a global password has been set. Once set, any username will
+still be accepted but the correct password will need to be provided.
+
 ## Additional Authenticators
 
-- ldapauthenticator for LDAP
-- tmpauthenticator for temporary accounts
-- For Shibboleth, [jhub_shibboleth_auth](https://github.com/gesiscss/jhub_shibboleth_auth)
-  and [jhub_remote_user_authenticator](https://github.com/cwaldbieser/jhub_remote_user_authenticator)
+A partial list of other authenticators is available on the
+[JupyterHub wiki](https://github.com/jupyterhub/jupyterhub/wiki/Authenticators).
 
 ## Technical Overview of Authentication
 
@@ -70,7 +75,6 @@ Writing an Authenticator that looks up passwords in a dictionary
 requires only overriding this one method:
 
 ```python
-from tornado import gen
 from IPython.utils.traitlets import Dict
 from jupyterhub.auth import Authenticator
 
@@ -80,8 +84,7 @@ class DictionaryAuthenticator(Authenticator):
         help="""dict of username:password for authentication"""
     )
 
-    @gen.coroutine
-    def authenticate(self, handler, data):
+    async def authenticate(self, handler, data):
         if self.passwords.get(data['username']) == data['password']:
             return data['username']
 ```
@@ -103,6 +106,16 @@ c.Authenticator.username_map  = {
 }
 ```
 
+When using `PAMAuthenticator`, you can set
+`c.PAMAuthenticator.pam_normalize_username = True`, which will
+normalize usernames using PAM (basically round-tripping them: username
+to uid to username), which is useful in case you use some external
+service that allows multiple usernames mapping to the same user (such
+as ActiveDirectory, yes, this really happens).  When
+`pam_normalize_username` is on, usernames are *not* normalized to
+lowercase.
+
+
 #### Validate usernames
 
 In most cases, there is a very limited set of acceptable usernames.
@@ -138,6 +151,41 @@ See a list of custom Authenticators [on the wiki](https://github.com/jupyterhub/
 If you are interested in writing a custom authenticator, you can read
 [this tutorial](http://jupyterhub-tutorial.readthedocs.io/en/latest/authenticators.html).
 
+### Registering custom Authenticators via entry points
+
+As of JupyterHub 1.0, custom authenticators can register themselves via
+the `jupyterhub.authenticators` entry point metadata.
+To do this, in your `setup.py` add:
+
+```python
+setup(
+  ...
+  entry_points={
+    'jupyterhub.authenticators': [
+        'myservice = mypackage:MyAuthenticator',
+    ],
+  },
+)
+```
+
+If you have added this metadata to your package,
+users can select your authenticator with the configuration:
+
+```python
+c.JupyterHub.authenticator_class = 'myservice'
+```
+
+instead of the full
+
+```python
+c.JupyterHub.authenticator_class = 'mypackage:MyAuthenticator'
+```
+
+previously required.
+Additionally, configurable attributes for your authenticator will
+appear in jupyterhub help output and auto-generated configuration files
+via `jupyterhub --generate-config`.
+
 
 ### Authentication state
 

docs/source/reference/config-proxy.md

@@ -17,10 +17,12 @@ satisfy the following:
 Let's start out with needed JupyterHub configuration in `jupyterhub_config.py`:
 
 ```python
-# Force the proxy to only listen to connections to 127.0.0.1
-c.JupyterHub.ip = '127.0.0.1'
+# Force the proxy to only listen to connections to 127.0.0.1 (on port 8000)
+c.JupyterHub.bind_url = 'http://127.0.0.1:8000'
 ```
 
+(For Jupyterhub < 0.9 use `c.JupyterHub.ip = '127.0.0.1'`.)
+
 For high-quality SSL configuration, we also generate Diffie-Helman parameters.
 This can take a few minutes:
 
@@ -190,3 +192,23 @@ Listen 443
   </Location>
 </VirtualHost>
 ```
+
+ 
+In case of the need to run the jupyterhub under /jhub/ or other location please use the below configurations:
+- JupyterHub running locally at http://127.0.0.1:8000/jhub/ or other location
+
+httpd.conf amendments:
+```bash
+ RewriteRule /jhub/(.*) ws://127.0.0.1:8000/jhub/$1 [P,L]
+ RewriteRule /jhub/(.*) http://127.0.0.1:8000/jhub/$1 [P,L]
+ 
+ ProxyPass /jhub/ http://127.0.0.1:8000/jhub/
+ ProxyPassReverse /jhub/  http://127.0.0.1:8000/jhub/
+ ```
+ 
+jupyterhub_config.py amendments:
+ ```bash
+  --The public facing URL of the whole JupyterHub application.
+  --This is the address on which the proxy will bind. Sets protocol, ip, base_url
+  c.JupyterHub.bind_url = 'http://127.0.0.1:8000/jhub/'
+  ```

docs/source/reference/config-sudo.md

@@ -37,7 +37,7 @@ Next, you will need [sudospawner](https://github.com/jupyter/sudospawner)
 to enable monitoring the single-user servers with sudo:
 
 ```bash
-sudo pip install sudospawner
+sudo python3 -m pip install sudospawner
 ```
 
 Now we have to configure sudo to allow the Hub user (`rhea`) to launch
@@ -219,14 +219,14 @@ Finally, start the server as our newly configured user, `rhea`:
 
 And try logging in.
 
-### Troubleshooting: SELinux
+## Troubleshooting: SELinux
 
 If you still get a generic `Permission denied` `PermissionError`, it's possible SELinux is blocking you.  
 Here's how you can make a module to allow this.
-First, put this in a file sudo_exec_selinux.te:
+First, put this in a file  named `sudo_exec_selinux.te`:
 
 ```bash
-module sudo_exec 1.1;
+module sudo_exec_selinux 1.1;
 
 require {
         type unconfined_t;
@@ -246,9 +246,9 @@ $ semodule_package -o sudo_exec_selinux.pp -m sudo_exec_selinux.mod
 $ semodule -i sudo_exec_selinux.pp
 ```
 
-### Troubleshooting: PAM session errors
+## Troubleshooting: PAM session errors
 
 If the PAM authentication doesn't work and you see errors for
-`login:session-auth`, or similar, considering updating to `master` 
-and/or incorporating this commit https://github.com/jupyter/jupyterhub/commit/40368b8f555f04ffdd662ffe99d32392a088b1d2
-and configuration option, `c.PAMAuthenticator.open_sessions = False`.
+`login:session-auth`, or similar, considering updating to a more recent version
+of jupyterhub and disabling the opening of PAM sessions with
+`c.PAMAuthenticator.open_sessions=False`.

docs/source/reference/config-user-env.md

@@ -145,3 +145,37 @@ In both cases, you want to *avoid putting configuration in user home
 directories* because users can change those configuration settings. Also,
 home directories typically persist once they are created, so they are
 difficult for admins to update later.
+
+## Named servers
+
+By default, in a JupyterHub deployment each user has exactly one server.
+
+JupyterHub can, however, have multiple servers per user.
+This is most useful in deployments where users can configure the environment
+in which their server will start (e.g. resource requests on an HPC cluster),
+so that a given user can have multiple configurations running at the same time,
+without having to stop and restart their one server.
+
+To allow named servers:
+
+```python
+c.JupyterHub.allow_named_servers = True
+```
+
+Named servers were implemented in the REST API in JupyterHub 0.8,
+and JupyterHub 1.0 introduces UI for managing named servers via the user home page:
+
+![named servers on the home page](../images/named-servers-home.png)
+
+as well as the admin page:
+
+![named servers on the admin page](../images/named-servers-admin.png)
+
+Named servers can be accessed, created, started, stopped, and deleted
+from these pages. Activity tracking is now per-server as well.
+
+The number of named servers per user can be limited by setting
+
+```python
+c.JupyterHub.named_server_limit_per_user = 5
+```

docs/source/reference/index.rst

@@ -1,19 +1,24 @@
 Technical Reference
 ===================
 
+This section covers more of the details of the JupyterHub architecture, as well as
+what happens under-the-hood when you deploy and configure your JupyterHub.
+
 .. toctree::
    :maxdepth: 2
 
    technical-overview
+   urls
    websecurity
    authenticators
    spawners
    services
    proxy
+   separate-proxy
    rest
    database
-   upgrading
    templates
+   ../events/index
    config-user-env
    config-examples
    config-ghoauth

docs/source/reference/proxy.md

@@ -45,15 +45,12 @@ If your proxy should be launched when the Hub starts, you must define how
 to start and stop your proxy:
 
 ```python
-from tornado import gen
 class MyProxy(Proxy):
     ...
-    @gen.coroutine
-    def start(self):
+    async def start(self):
         """Start the proxy"""
 
-    @gen.coroutine
-    def stop(self):
+    async def stop(self):
         """Stop the proxy"""
 ```
 
@@ -62,6 +59,18 @@ These methods **may** be  coroutines.
 `c.Proxy.should_start` is a configurable flag that determines whether the
 Hub should call these methods when the Hub itself starts and stops.
 
+## Encryption
+
+When using `internal_ssl` to encrypt traffic behind the proxy, at minimum,
+your `Proxy` will need client ssl certificates which the `Hub` must be made
+aware of. These can be generated with the command `jupyterhub --generate-certs`
+which will write them to the `internal_certs_location` in folders named
+`proxy_api` and `proxy_client`. Alternatively, these can be provided to the
+hub via the `jupyterhub_config.py` file by providing a `dict` of named paths
+to the `external_authorities` option. The hub will include all certificates
+provided in that `dict` in the trust bundle utilized by all internal
+components.
+
 ### Purely external proxies
 
 Probably most custom proxies will be externally managed,
@@ -93,15 +102,14 @@ route to be proxied, such as `/user/name/`. A routespec will:
 ### Adding a route
 
 When adding a route, JupyterHub may pass a JSON-serializable dict as a `data`
-argument that should be attacked to the proxy route. When that route is
+argument that should be attached to the proxy route. When that route is
 retrieved, the `data` argument should be returned as well. If your  proxy
 implementation doesn't support storing data attached to routes, then your
 Python wrapper may have to handle storing the `data` piece itself, e.g in a
 simple file or database.
 
 ```python
-@gen.coroutine
-def add_route(self, routespec, target, data):
+async def add_route(self, routespec, target, data):
     """Proxy `routespec` to `target`.
 
     Store `data` associated with the routespec
@@ -112,7 +120,7 @@ def add_route(self, routespec, target, data):
 Adding a route for a user looks like this:
 
 ```python
-proxy.add_route('/user/pgeorgiou/', 'http://127.0.0.1:1227',
+await proxy.add_route('/user/pgeorgiou/', 'http://127.0.0.1:1227',
                 {'user': 'pgeorgiou'})
 ```
 
@@ -122,8 +130,7 @@ proxy.add_route('/user/pgeorgiou/', 'http://127.0.0.1:1227',
 `delete_route` should still succeed, but a warning may be issued.
 
 ```python
-@gen.coroutine
-def delete_route(self, routespec):
+async def delete_route(self, routespec):
     """Delete the route"""
 ```
 
@@ -135,8 +142,7 @@ routes. The return value for this function should be a dictionary, keyed by
 `add_route` (`routespec`, `target`, `data`)
 
 ```python
-@gen.coroutine
-def get_all_routes(self):
+async def get_all_routes(self):
     """Return all routes, keyed by routespec"""
 ```
 
@@ -179,3 +185,38 @@ tracked, and services such as cull-idle will not work.
 Now that `notebook-5.0` tracks activity internally, we can retrieve activity
 information from the single-user servers instead, removing the need to track
 activity in the proxy. But this is not yet implemented in JupyterHub 0.8.0.
+
+### Registering custom Proxies via entry points
+
+As of JupyterHub 1.0, custom proxy implementations can register themselves via
+the `jupyterhub.proxies` entry point metadata.
+To do this, in your `setup.py` add:
+
+```python
+setup(
+  ...
+  entry_points={
+    'jupyterhub.proxies': [
+        'mything = mypackage:MyProxy',
+    ],
+  },
+)
+```
+
+If you have added this metadata to your package,
+users can select your proxy with the configuration:
+
+```python
+c.JupyterHub.proxy_class = 'mything'
+```
+
+instead of the full
+
+```python
+c.JupyterHub.proxy_class = 'mypackage:MyProxy'
+```
+
+previously required.
+Additionally, configurable attributes for your proxy will
+appear in jupyterhub help output and auto-generated configuration files
+via `jupyterhub --generate-config`.

docs/source/reference/rest-api.rst

@@ -0,0 +1,14 @@
+:orphan:
+
+===================
+JupyterHub REST API
+===================
+
+.. this doc exists as a resolvable link target
+.. which _static files are not
+
+.. meta::
+    :http-equiv=refresh: 0;url=../_static/rest-api/index.html
+
+The rest API docs are `here <../_static/rest-api/index.html>`_
+if you are not redirected automatically.

docs/source/reference/rest.md

@@ -27,7 +27,7 @@ Hub.
 To send requests using JupyterHub API, you must pass an API token with
 the request.
 
-As of [version 0.6.0](../changelog.html), the preferred way of
+As of [version 0.6.0](../changelog.md), the preferred way of
 generating an API token is:
 
 ```bash
@@ -48,7 +48,7 @@ jupyterhub token <username>
 This command generates a random string to use as a token and registers
 it for the given user with the Hub's database.
 
-In [version 0.8.0](../changelog.html), a TOKEN request page for
+In [version 0.8.0](../changelog.md), a TOKEN request page for
 generating an API token is available from the JupyterHub user interface:
 
 ![Request API TOKEN page](../images/token-request.png)
@@ -158,11 +158,6 @@ The same servers can be stopped by substituting `DELETE` for `POST` above.
 
 ### Some caveats for using named-servers
 
-The named-server capabilities are not fully implemented for JupyterHub as yet.
-While it's possible to start/stop a server via the API, the UI on the 
-JupyterHub control-panel has not been implemented, and so it may not be obvious
-to those viewing the panel that a named-server may be running for a given user.
-
 For named-servers via the API to work, the spawner used to spawn these servers
 will need to be able to handle the case of multiple servers per user and ensure
 uniqueness of names, particularly if servers are spawned via docker containers
@@ -178,5 +173,5 @@ Note: The Swagger specification is being renamed the [OpenAPI Initiative][].
 
 [interactive style on swagger's petstore]: http://petstore.swagger.io/?url=https://raw.githubusercontent.com/jupyterhub/jupyterhub/master/docs/rest-api.yml#!/default
 [OpenAPI Initiative]: https://www.openapis.org/
-[JupyterHub REST API]: ../_static/rest-api/index.html
+[JupyterHub REST API]: ./rest-api
 [Jupyter Notebook REST API]: http://petstore.swagger.io/?url=https://raw.githubusercontent.com/jupyter/notebook/master/notebook/services/api/api.yaml

docs/source/reference/separate-proxy.md

@@ -0,0 +1,80 @@
+# Running proxy separately from the hub
+
+
+## Background
+
+The thing which users directly connect to is the proxy, by default
+`configurable-http-proxy`.  The proxy either redirects users to the
+hub (for login and managing servers), or to their own single-user
+servers.  Thus, as long as the proxy stays running, access to existing
+servers continues, even if the hub itself restarts or goes down.
+
+When you first configure the hub, you may not even realize this
+because the proxy is automatically managed by the hub.  This is great
+for getting started and even most use, but everytime you restart the
+hub, all user connections also get restarted.  But it's also simple to
+run the proxy as a service separate from the hub, so that you are free
+to reconfigure the hub while only interrupting users who are currently
+actively starting the hub.
+
+The default JupyterHub proxy is
+[configurable-http-proxy](https://github.com/jupyterhub/configurable-http-proxy),
+and that page has some docs.  If you are using a different proxy, such
+as Traefik, these instructions are probably not relevant to you.
+
+
+## Configuration options
+
+`c.JupyterHub.cleanup_servers = False` should be set, which tells the
+hub to not stop servers when the hub restarts (this is useful even if
+you don't run the proxy separately).
+
+`c.ConfigurableHTTPProxy.should_start = False` should be set, which
+tells the hub that the proxy should not be started (because you start
+it yourself).
+
+`c.ConfigurableHTTPProxy.auth_token = "CONFIGPROXY_AUTH_TOKEN"` should be set to a
+token for authenticating communication with the proxy.
+
+`c.ConfigurableHTTPProxy.api_url = 'http://localhost:8001'` should be
+set to the URL which the hub uses to connect *to the proxy's API*.
+
+
+## Proxy configuration
+
+You need to configure a service to start the proxy.  An example
+command line for this is `configurable-http-proxy --ip=127.0.0.1
+--port=8000 --api-ip=127.0.0.1 --api-port=8001
+--default-target=http://localhost:8081
+--error-target=http://localhost:8081/hub/error`.  (Details for how to
+do this is out of scope for this tutorial - for example it might be a
+systemd service on within another docker cotainer).  The proxy has no
+configuration files, all configuration is via the command line and
+environment variables.
+
+`--api-ip` and `--api-port` (which tells the proxy where to listen) should match the hub's `ConfigurableHTTPProxy.api_url`.
+
+`--ip`, `-port`, and other options configure the *user* connections to the proxy.
+
+`--default-target` and `--error-target` should point to the hub, and used when users navigate to the proxy originally.
+
+You must define the environment variable `CONFIGPROXY_AUTH_TOKEN` to
+match the token given to `c.ConfigurableHTTPProxy.auth_token`.
+
+You should check the [configurable-http-proxy
+options](https://github.com/jupyterhub/configurable-http-proxy) to see
+what other options are needed, for example SSL options.  Note that
+these are configured in the hub if the hub is starting the proxy - you
+need to move the options to here.
+
+
+## Docker image
+
+You can use [jupyterhub configurable-http-proxy docker
+image](https://hub.docker.com/r/jupyterhub/configurable-http-proxy/)
+to run the proxy.
+
+
+## See also
+
+* [jupyterhub configurable-http-proxy](https://github.com/jupyterhub/configurable-http-proxy)

docs/source/reference/services.md

@@ -93,7 +93,7 @@ c.JupyterHub.services = [
     {
         'name': 'cull-idle',
         'admin': True,
-        'command': ['python', '/path/to/cull-idle.py', '--timeout']
+        'command': [sys.executable, '/path/to/cull-idle.py', '--timeout']
     }
 ]
 ```
@@ -249,7 +249,7 @@ prefix = os.environ.get('JUPYTERHUB_SERVICE_PREFIX', '/')
 
 auth = HubAuth(
     api_token=os.environ['JUPYTERHUB_API_TOKEN'],
-    cookie_cache_max_age=60,
+    cache_max_age=60,
 )
 
 app = Flask(__name__)

docs/source/reference/spawners.md

@@ -10,6 +10,7 @@ and a custom Spawner needs to be able to take three actions:
 
 
 ## Examples
+
 Custom Spawners for JupyterHub can be found on the [JupyterHub wiki](https://github.com/jupyterhub/jupyterhub/wiki/Spawners).
 Some examples include:
 
@@ -24,6 +25,8 @@ Some examples include:
   run without being root, by spawning an intermediate process via `sudo`
 - [BatchSpawner](https://github.com/jupyterhub/batchspawner) for spawning remote
   servers using batch systems
+- [YarnSpawner](https://github.com/jupyterhub/yarnspawner) for spawning notebook
+  servers in YARN containers on a Hadoop cluster
 - [RemoteSpawner](https://github.com/zonca/remotespawner) to spawn notebooks
   and a remote server and tunnel the port via SSH
 
@@ -71,7 +74,7 @@ It should return `None` if it is still running,
 and an integer exit status, otherwise.
 
 For the local process case, `Spawner.poll` uses `os.kill(PID, 0)`
-to check if the local process is still running.
+to check if the local process is still running. On Windows, it uses `psutil.pid_exists`.
 
 ### Spawner.stop
 
@@ -174,6 +177,42 @@ When `Spawner.start` is called, this dictionary is accessible as `self.user_opti
 
 If you are interested in building a custom spawner, you can read [this tutorial](http://jupyterhub-tutorial.readthedocs.io/en/latest/spawners.html).
 
+### Registering custom Spawners via entry points
+
+As of JupyterHub 1.0, custom Spawners can register themselves via
+the `jupyterhub.spawners` entry point metadata.
+To do this, in your `setup.py` add:
+
+```python
+setup(
+  ...
+  entry_points={
+    'jupyterhub.spawners': [
+        'myservice = mypackage:MySpawner',
+    ],
+  },
+)
+```
+
+If you have added this metadata to your package,
+users can select your spawner with the configuration:
+
+```python
+c.JupyterHub.spawner_class = 'myservice'
+```
+
+instead of the full
+
+```python
+c.JupyterHub.spawner_class = 'mypackage:MySpawner'
+```
+
+previously required.
+Additionally, configurable attributes for your spawner will
+appear in jupyterhub help output and auto-generated configuration files
+via `jupyterhub --generate-config`.
+
+
 ## Spawners, resource limits, and guarantees (Optional)
 
 Some spawners of the single-user notebook servers allow setting limits or
@@ -223,3 +262,30 @@ in the single-user notebook server when a guarantee is being provided.
 **The spawner's underlying system or cluster is responsible for enforcing these
 limits and providing these guarantees.** If these values are set to `None`, no
 limits or guarantees are provided, and no environment values are set.
+
+### Encryption
+
+Communication between the `Proxy`, `Hub`, and `Notebook` can be secured by
+turning on `internal_ssl` in `jupyterhub_config.py`. For a custom spawner to
+utilize these certs, there are two methods of interest on the base `Spawner`
+class: `.create_certs` and `.move_certs`.
+
+The first method, `.create_certs` will sign a key-cert pair using an internally
+trusted authority for notebooks.  During this process, `.create_certs` can
+apply `ip` and `dns` name information to the cert via an `alt_names` `kwarg`.
+This is used for certificate authentication (verification). Without proper
+verification, the `Notebook` will be unable to communicate with the `Hub` and
+vice versa when `internal_ssl` is enabled. For example, given a deployment
+using the `DockerSpawner` which will start containers with `ips` from the
+`docker` subnet pool, the `DockerSpawner` would need to instead choose a
+container `ip` prior to starting and pass that to `.create_certs` (TODO: edit).
+
+In general though, this method will not need to be changed and the default
+`ip`/`dns` (localhost) info will suffice.
+
+When `.create_certs` is run, it will `.create_certs` in a default, central
+location specified by `c.JupyterHub.internal_certs_location`. For `Spawners`
+that need access to these certs elsewhere (i.e. on another host altogether),
+the `.move_certs` method can be overridden to move the certs appropriately.
+Again, using `DockerSpawner` as an example, this would entail moving certs
+to a directory that will get mounted into the container this spawner starts.

docs/source/reference/technical-overview.md

@@ -49,14 +49,14 @@ The proxy is the only process that listens on a public interface. The Hub sits
 behind the proxy at `/hub`. Single-user servers sit behind the proxy at
 `/user/[username]`.
 
-Different **[authenticators](./authenticators.html)** control access
+Different **[authenticators](./authenticators.md)** control access
 to JupyterHub. The default one (PAM) uses the user accounts on the server where
 JupyterHub is running. If you use this, you will need to create a user account
 on the system for each user on your team. Using other authenticators, you can
 allow users to sign in with e.g. a GitHub account, or with any single-sign-on
 system your organization has.
 
-Next, **[spawners](./spawners.html)** control how JupyterHub starts
+Next, **[spawners](./spawners.md)** control how JupyterHub starts
 the individual notebook server for each user. The default spawner will
 start a notebook server on the same machine running under their system username.
 The other main option is to start each server in a separate container, often
@@ -66,10 +66,10 @@ using Docker.
 
 When a user accesses JupyterHub, the following events take place:
 
-- Login data is handed to the [Authenticator](./authenticators.html) instance for
+- Login data is handed to the [Authenticator](./authenticators.md) instance for
   validation
 - The Authenticator returns the username if the login information is valid
-- A single-user notebook server instance is [spawned](./spawners.html) for the
+- A single-user notebook server instance is [spawned](./spawners.md) for the
   logged-in user
 - When the single-user notebook server starts, the proxy is notified to forward
   requests to `/user/[username]/*` to the single-user notebook server.
@@ -111,7 +111,7 @@ working directory:
   This file needs to persist so that a **Hub** server restart will avoid
   invalidating cookies. Conversely, deleting this file and restarting the server
   effectively invalidates all login cookies. The cookie secret file is discussed
-  in the [Cookie Secret section of the Security Settings document](../getting-started/security-basics.html).
+  in the [Cookie Secret section of the Security Settings document](../getting-started/security-basics.md).
 
 The location of these files can be specified via configuration settings. It is
 recommended that these files be stored in standard UNIX filesystem locations,
@@ -122,9 +122,9 @@ all security and runtime files.
 
 There are two basic extension points for JupyterHub:
 
-- How users are authenticated by [Authenticators](./authenticators.html)
+- How users are authenticated by [Authenticators](./authenticators.md)
 - How user's single-user notebook server processes are started by
-  [Spawners](./spawners.html)
+  [Spawners](./spawners.md)
 
 Each is governed by a customizable class, and JupyterHub ships with basic
 defaults for each.

docs/source/reference/templates.md

@@ -25,19 +25,19 @@ supplement the material in the block.  The
 make extensive use of blocks, which allows you to customize parts of the
 interface easily.
 
-In general, a child template can extend a base template, `base.html`, by beginning with:
+In general, a child template can extend a base template, `page.html`, by beginning with:
 
 ```html
-{% extends "base.html" %}
+{% extends "page.html" %}
 ```
 
 This works, unless you are trying to extend the default template for the same
 file name.  Starting in version 0.9, you may refer to the base file with a
-`templates/` prefix.  Thus, if you are writing a custom `base.html`, start the
+`templates/` prefix.  Thus, if you are writing a custom `page.html`, start the
 file with this block:
 
 ```html
-{% extends "templates/base.html" %}
+{% extends "templates/page.html" %}
 ```
 
 By defining `block`s with same name as in the base template, child templates
@@ -70,7 +70,7 @@ To add announcements to be displayed on a page, you have two options:
 ### Announcement Configuration Variables
 
 If you set the configuration variable `JupyterHub.template_vars =
-{'announcement': 'some_text}`, the given `some_text` will be placed on
+{'announcement': 'some_text'}`, the given `some_text` will be placed on
 the top of all pages.  The more specific variables
 `announcement_login`, `announcement_spawn`, `announcement_home`, and
 `announcement_logout` are more specific and only show on their

docs/source/reference/upgrading.md

@@ -1,98 +0,0 @@
-# Upgrading JupyterHub and its database
-
-From time to time, you may wish to upgrade JupyterHub to take advantage
-of new releases. Much of this process is automated using scripts,
-such as those generated by alembic for database upgrades. Whether you
-are using the default SQLite database or an RDBMS, such as PostgreSQL or
-MySQL, the process follows similar steps.
-
-**Before upgrading a JupyterHub deployment**, it's critical to backup your data
-and configurations before shutting down the JupyterHub process and server.
-
-## Note about upgrading the SQLite database
-
-When used in production systems, SQLite has some disadvantages when it
-comes to upgrading JupyterHub. These are:
-
-- `upgrade-db` may not work, and you may need to start with a fresh database
-- `downgrade-db` **will not** work if you want to rollback to an earlier
-  version, so backup the `jupyterhub.sqlite` file before upgrading
-
-## The upgrade process
-
-Five fundamental process steps are needed when upgrading JupyterHub and its
-database:
-
-1. Backup JupyterHub database
-2. Backup JupyterHub configuration file
-3. Shutdown the Hub
-4. Upgrade JupyterHub
-5. Upgrade the database using run `jupyterhub upgrade-db`
-
-Let's take a closer look at each step in the upgrade process as well as some
-additional information about JupyterHub databases.
-
-### Backup JupyterHub database
-
-To prevent unintended loss of data or configuration information, you should
-back up the JupyterHub database (the default SQLite database or a RDBMS
-database using PostgreSQL, MySQL, or others supported by SQLAlchemy):
-
-- If using the default SQLite database, back up the `jupyterhub.sqlite`
-  database.
-- If using an RDBMS database such as PostgreSQL, MySQL, or other supported by
-  SQLAlchemy, back up the JupyterHub database.
-
-Losing the Hub database is often not a big deal. Information that resides only
-in the Hub database includes:
-
-- active login tokens (user cookies, service tokens)
-- users added via GitHub UI, instead of config files
-- info about running servers
-
-If the following conditions are true, you should be fine clearing the Hub
-database and starting over:
-
-- users specified in config file
-- user servers are stopped during upgrade
-- don't mind causing users to login again after upgrade
-
-### Backup JupyterHub configuration file
-
-Additionally, backing up your configuration file, `jupyterhub_config.py`, to
-a secure location.
-
-### Shutdown JupyterHub
-
-Prior to shutting down JupyterHub, you should notify the Hub users of the
-scheduled downtime. This gives users the opportunity to finish any outstanding
-work in process.
-
-Next, shutdown the JupyterHub service.
-
-### Upgrade JupyterHub
-
-Follow directions that correspond to your package manager, `pip` or `conda`,
-for the new JupyterHub release. These directions will guide you to the
-specific command. In general, `pip install -U jupyterhub` or
-`conda upgrade jupyterhub`
-
-### Upgrade JupyterHub databases
-
-To run the upgrade process for JupyterHub databases, enter:
-
-```
-jupyterhub upgrade-db
-```
-
-## Upgrade checklist
-
-1. Backup JupyterHub database:
-    - `jupyterhub.sqlite` when using the default sqlite database
-    - Your JupyterHub database when using an RDBMS 
-2. Backup JupyterHub configuration file: `jupyterhub_config.py`
-3. Shutdown the Hub
-4. Upgrade JupyterHub
-    - `pip install -U jupyterhub` when using `pip`
-    - `conda upgrade jupyterhub` when using `conda`
-5. Upgrade the database using run `jupyterhub upgrade-db`

docs/source/reference/urls.md

@@ -0,0 +1,255 @@
+# JupyterHub URL scheme
+
+This document describes how JupyterHub routes requests.
+
+This does not include the [REST API](./rest.md) urls.
+
+In general, all URLs can be prefixed with `c.JupyterHub.base_url` to
+run the whole JupyterHub application on a prefix.
+
+All authenticated handlers redirect to `/hub/login` to login users
+prior to being redirected back to the originating page.
+The returned request should preserve all query parameters.
+
+
+
+## `/`
+
+The top-level request is always a simple redirect to `/hub/`,
+to be handled by the default JupyterHub handler.
+
+In general, all requests to `/anything` that do not start with `/hub/`
+but are routed to the Hub, will be redirected to `/hub/anything` before being handled by the Hub.
+
+## `/hub/`
+
+This is an authenticated URL.
+
+This handler redirects users to the default URL of the application,
+which defaults to the user's default server.
+That is, it redirects to `/hub/spawn` if the user's server is not running,
+or the server itself (`/user/:name`) if the server is running.
+
+This default url behavior can be customized in two ways:
+
+To redirect users to the JupyterHub home page (`/hub/home`)
+instead of spawning their server,
+set `redirect_to_server` to False:
+
+```python
+c.JupyterHub.redirect_to_server = False
+```
+
+This might be useful if you have a Hub where you expect
+users to be managing multiple server configurations
+and automatic spawning is not desirable.
+
+Second, you can customise the landing page to any page you like,
+such as a custom service you have deployed e.g. with course information:
+
+```python
+c.JupyterHub.default_url = '/services/my-landing-service'
+```
+
+## `/hub/home`
+
+![The Hub home page with named servers enabled](../images/named-servers-home.png)
+
+By default, the Hub home page has just one or two buttons
+for starting and stopping the user's server.
+
+If named servers are enabled, there will be some additional
+tools for management of named servers.
+
+*Version added: 1.0* named server UI is new in 1.0.
+
+## `/hub/login`
+
+This is the JupyterHub login page.
+If you have a form-based username+password login,
+such as the default PAMAuthenticator,
+this page will render the login form.
+
+![A login form](../images/login-form.png)
+
+If login is handled by an external service,
+e.g. with OAuth, this page will have a button,
+declaring "Login with ..." which users can click
+to login with the chosen service.
+
+![A login redirect button](../images/login-button.png)
+
+If you want to skip the user-interaction to initiate logging in
+via the button, you can set
+
+```python
+c.Authenticator.auto_login = True
+```
+
+This can be useful when the user is "already logged in" via some mechanism,
+but a handshake via redirects is necessary to complete the authentication with JupyterHub.
+
+## `/hub/logout`
+
+Visiting `/hub/logout` clears cookies from the current browser.
+Note that **logging out does not stop a user's server(s)** by default.
+
+If you would like to shutdown user servers on logout,
+you can enable this behavior with:
+
+```python
+c.JupyterHub.shutdown_on_logout = True
+```
+
+Be careful with this setting because logging out one browser
+does not mean the user is no longer actively using their server from another machine.
+
+## `/user/:username[/:servername]`
+
+If a user's server is running, this URL is handled by the user's given server,
+not the Hub.
+The username is the first part and, if using named servers,
+the server name is the second part.
+
+If the user's server is *not* running, this will be redirected to `/hub/user/:username/...`
+
+## `/hub/user/:username[/:servername]`
+
+This URL indicates a request for a user server that is not running
+(because `/user/...` would have been handled by the notebook server
+if the specified server were running).
+
+Handling this URL is the most complicated condition in JupyterHub,
+because there can be many states:
+
+1. server is not active
+  a. user matches
+  b. user doesn't match
+2. server is ready
+3. server is pending, but not ready
+
+If the server is pending spawn,
+the browser will be redirected to `/hub/spawn-pending/:username/:servername`
+to see a progress page while waiting for the server to be ready.
+
+If the server is not active at all,
+a page will be served with a link to `/hub/spawn/:username/:servername`.
+Following that link will launch the requested server.
+The HTTP status will be 503 in this case because a request has been made for a server that is not running.
+
+If the server is ready, it is assumed that the proxy has not yet registered the route.
+Some checks are performed and a delay is added before redirecting back to `/user/:username/:servername/...`.
+If something is really wrong, this can result in a redirect loop.
+
+Visiting this page will never result in triggering the spawn of servers
+without additional user action (i.e. clicking the link on the page)
+
+![Visiting a URL for a server that's not running](../images/not-running.png)
+
+*Version changed: 1.0*
+
+Prior to 1.0, this URL itself was responsible for spawning servers,
+and served the progress page if it was pending,
+redirected to running servers, and
+This was useful because it made sure that requested servers were restarted after they stopped,
+but could also be harmful because unused servers would continuously be restarted if e.g.
+an idle JupyterLab frontend were open pointed at it,
+which constantly makes polling requests.
+
+### Special handling of API requests
+
+Requests to `/user/:username[/:servername]/api/...` are assumed to be
+from applications connected to stopped servers.
+These are failed with 503 and an informative JSON error message
+indicating how to spawn the server.
+This is meant to help applications such as JupyterLab
+that are connected to a server that has stopped.
+
+*Version changed: 1.0*
+
+JupyterHub 0.9 failed these API requests with status 404,
+but 1.0 uses 503.
+
+## `/user-redirect/...`
+
+This URL is for sharing a URL that will redirect a user
+to a path on their own default server.
+This is useful when users have the same file at the same URL on their servers,
+and you want a single link to give to any user that will open that file on their server.
+
+e.g. a link to `/user-redirect/notebooks/Index.ipynb`
+will send user `hortense` to `/user/hortense/notebooks/Index.ipynb`
+
+**DO NOT** share links to your own server with other users.
+This will not work in general,
+unless you grant those users access to your server.
+
+**Contributions welcome:** The JupyterLab "shareable link" should share this link
+when run with JupyterHub, but it does not.
+See [jupyterlab-hub](https://github.com/jupyterhub/jupyterlab-hub)
+where this should probably be done and
+[this issue in JupyterLab](https://github.com/jupyterlab/jupyterlab/issues/5388)
+that is intended to make it possible.
+
+## Spawning
+
+### `/hub/spawn[/:username[/:servername]]`
+
+Requesting `/hub/spawn` will spawn the default server for the current user.
+If `username` and optionally `servername` are specified,
+then the specified server for the specified user will be spawned.
+Once spawn has been requested,
+the browser is redirected to `/hub/spawn-pending/...`.
+
+If `Spawner.options_form` is used,
+this will render a form,
+and a POST request will trigger the actual spawn and redirect.
+
+![The spawn form](../images/spawn-form.png)
+
+*Version added: 1.0*
+
+1.0 adds the ability to specify username and servername.
+Prior to 1.0, only `/hub/spawn` was recognized for the default server.
+
+*Version changed: 1.0*
+
+Prior to 1.0, this page redirected back to `/hub/user/:username`,
+which was responsible for triggering spawn and rendering progress, etc.
+
+### `/hub/spawn-pending[/:username[/:servername]]`
+
+![The spawn pending page](../images/spawn-pending.png)
+
+*Version added: 1.0* this URL is new in JupyterHub 1.0.
+
+This page renders the progress view for the given spawn request.
+Once the server is ready,
+the browser is redirected to the running server at `/user/:username/:servername/...`.
+
+If this page is requested at any time after the specified server is ready,
+the browser will be redirected to the running server.
+
+Requesting this page will never trigger any side effects.
+If the server is not running (e.g. because the spawn has failed),
+the spawn failure message (if applicable) will be displayed,
+and the page will show a link back to `/hub/spawn/...`.
+
+## `/hub/token`
+
+![The token management page](../images/token-page.png)
+
+On this page, users can manage their JupyterHub API tokens.
+They can revoke access and request new tokens for writing scripts
+against the [JupyterHub REST API](./rest.md).
+
+## `/hub/admin`
+
+![The admin panel](../images/named-servers-admin.png)
+
+Administrators can take various administrative actions from this page:
+
+1. add/remove users
+2. grant admin privileges
+3. start/stop user servers
+4. shutdown JupyterHub itself

docs/source/reference/websecurity.md

@@ -76,7 +76,7 @@ resolves the cross-site issues.
 
 ### Disable user config
 
-If subdomains are not available or not desirable, JupyterHub provides a a
+If subdomains are not available or not desirable, JupyterHub provides a
 configuration option `Spawner.disable_user_config`, which can be set to prevent
 the user-owned configuration files from being loaded. After implementing this
 option, PATHs and package installation and PATHs are the other things that the
@@ -99,6 +99,23 @@ single-user server, and not the environment(s) in which the user's kernel(s)
 may run. Installing additional packages in the kernel environment does not
 pose additional risk to the web application's security.
 
+### Encrypt internal connections with SSL/TLS
+
+By default, all communication on the server, between the proxy, hub, and single
+-user notebooks is performed unencrypted. Setting the `internal_ssl` flag in
+`jupyterhub_config.py` secures the aforementioned routes. Turning this
+feature on does require that the enabled `Spawner` can use the certificates
+generated by the `Hub` (the default `LocalProcessSpawner` can, for instance).
+
+It is also important to note that this encryption **does not** (yet) cover the
+`zmq tcp` sockets between the Notebook client and kernel. While users cannot
+submit arbitrary commands to another user's kernel, they can bind to these
+sockets and listen. When serving untrusted users, this eavesdropping can be
+mitigated by setting `KernelManager.transport` to `ipc`. This applies standard
+Unix permissions to the communication sockets thereby restricting
+communication to the socket owner. The `internal_ssl` option will eventually
+extend to securing the `tcp` sockets as well.
+
 ## Security audits
 
 We recommend that you do periodic reviews of your deployment's security. It's
@@ -110,3 +127,11 @@ A handy website for testing your deployment is
 
 
 [configurable-http-proxy]: https://github.com/jupyterhub/configurable-http-proxy
+
+## Vulnerability reporting
+
+If you believe you’ve found a security vulnerability in JupyterHub, or any
+Jupyter project, please report it to
+[security@ipython.org](mailto:security@iypthon.org). If you prefer to encrypt
+your security reports, you can use [this PGP public
+key](https://jupyter-notebook.readthedocs.io/en/stable/_downloads/ipython_security.asc).

docs/source/troubleshooting.md

@@ -204,7 +204,7 @@ from there instead of the internet.
 For instance, you can install JupyterHub with pip and configurable-http-proxy
 with npmbox:
 
-    pip wheel jupyterhub
+    python3 -m pip wheel jupyterhub
     npmbox configurable-http-proxy
 
 ### I want access to the whole filesystem, but still default users to their home directory
@@ -236,7 +236,7 @@ then you can change the default URL to `/lab`.
 
 For instance:
 
-    pip install jupyterlab
+    python3 -m pip install jupyterlab
     jupyter serverextension enable --py jupyterlab --sys-prefix
 
 The important thing is that jupyterlab is installed and enabled in the

docs/source/tutorials/index.rst

@@ -1,14 +0,0 @@
-Tutorials
-=========
-
-This section provides links to documentation that helps a user do a specific
-task.
-
-* :doc:`upgrade-dot-eight`
-* `Zero to JupyterHub with Kubernetes <https://zero-to-jupyterhub.readthedocs.io/en/latest/>`_
-
-.. toctree::
-   :maxdepth: 1
-   :hidden:
-
-   upgrade-dot-eight

docs/source/tutorials/upgrade-dot-eight.rst

@@ -1,93 +0,0 @@
-.. _upgrade-dot-eight:
-
-Upgrading to JupyterHub version 0.8
-===================================
-
-This document will assist you in upgrading an existing JupyterHub deployment
-from version 0.7 to version 0.8.
-
-Upgrade checklist
------------------
-
-0. Review the release notes. Review any deprecated features and pay attention
-   to any backwards incompatible changes
-1. Backup JupyterHub database:
-    - ``jupyterhub.sqlite`` when using the default sqlite database
-    - Your JupyterHub database when using an RDBMS
-2. Backup the existing JupyterHub configuration file: ``jupyterhub_config.py``
-3. Shutdown the Hub
-4. Upgrade JupyterHub
-    - ``pip install -U jupyterhub`` when using ``pip``
-    - ``conda upgrade jupyterhub`` when using ``conda``
-5. Upgrade the database using run ```jupyterhub upgrade-db``
-6. Update the JupyterHub configuration file ``jupyterhub_config.py``
-
-Backup JupyterHub database
---------------------------
-
-To prevent unintended loss of data or configuration information, you should
-back up the JupyterHub database (the default SQLite database or a RDBMS
-database using PostgreSQL, MySQL, or others supported by SQLAlchemy):
-
-- If using the default SQLite database, back up the ``jupyterhub.sqlite``
-  database.
-- If using an RDBMS database such as PostgreSQL, MySQL, or other supported by
-  SQLAlchemy, back up the JupyterHub database.
-
-.. note::
-
-    Losing the Hub database is often not a big deal. Information that resides only
-    in the Hub database includes:
-
-    - active login tokens (user cookies, service tokens)
-    - users added via GitHub UI, instead of config files
-    - info about running servers
-
-    If the following conditions are true, you should be fine clearing the Hub
-    database and starting over:
-
-    - users specified in config file
-    - user servers are stopped during upgrade
-    - don't mind causing users to login again after upgrade
-
-Backup JupyterHub configuration file
-------------------------------------
-
-Backup up your configuration file, ``jupyterhub_config.py``, to a secure
-location.
-
-Shutdown JupyterHub
--------------------
-
-- Prior to shutting down JupyterHub, you should notify the Hub users of the
-  scheduled downtime.
-- Shutdown the JupyterHub service.
-
-Upgrade JupyterHub
-------------------
-
-Follow directions that correspond to your package manager, ``pip`` or ``conda``,
-for the new JupyterHub release:
-
-- ``pip install -U jupyterhub`` for ``pip``
-- ``conda upgrade jupyterhub`` for ``conda``
-
-Upgrade the proxy, authenticator, or spawner if needed.
-
-Upgrade JupyterHub database
----------------------------
-
-To run the upgrade process for JupyterHub databases, enter::
-
-    jupyterhub upgrade-db
-
-Update the JupyterHub configuration file
-----------------------------------------
-
-Create a new JupyterHub configuration file or edit a copy of the existing
-file ``jupyterhub_config.py``.
-
-Start JupyterHub
-----------------
-
-Start JupyterHub with the same command that you used before the upgrade.

docs/sphinxext/autodoc_traits.py

@@ -1,55 +0,0 @@
-"""autodoc extension for configurable traits"""
-
-from traitlets import TraitType, Undefined
-from sphinx.domains.python import PyClassmember
-from sphinx.ext.autodoc import ClassDocumenter, AttributeDocumenter
-
-
-class ConfigurableDocumenter(ClassDocumenter):
-    """Specialized Documenter subclass for traits with config=True"""
-
-    objtype = 'configurable'
-    directivetype = 'class'
-
-    def get_object_members(self, want_all):
-        """Add traits with .tag(config=True) to members list"""
-        check, members = super().get_object_members(want_all)
-        get_traits = (
-            self.object.class_own_traits
-            if self.options.inherited_members
-            else self.object.class_traits
-        )
-        trait_members = []
-        for name, trait in sorted(get_traits(config=True).items()):
-            # put help in __doc__ where autodoc will look for it
-            trait.__doc__ = trait.help
-            trait_members.append((name, trait))
-        return check, trait_members + members
-
-
-class TraitDocumenter(AttributeDocumenter):
-    objtype = 'trait'
-    directivetype = 'attribute'
-    member_order = 1
-    priority = 100
-
-    @classmethod
-    def can_document_member(cls, member, membername, isattr, parent):
-        return isinstance(member, TraitType)
-
-    def format_name(self):
-        return 'config c.' + super().format_name()
-
-    def add_directive_header(self, sig):
-        default = self.object.get_default_value()
-        if default is Undefined:
-            default_s = ''
-        else:
-            default_s = repr(default)
-        sig = ' = {}({})'.format(self.object.__class__.__name__, default_s)
-        return super().add_directive_header(sig)
-
-
-def setup(app):
-    app.add_autodocumenter(ConfigurableDocumenter)
-    app.add_autodocumenter(TraitDocumenter)

examples/bootstrap-script/README.md

@@ -59,7 +59,31 @@ def create_dir_hook(spawner):
 c.Spawner.pre_spawn_hook = create_dir_hook
 ```
 
-### Example #2 - Run a shell script 
+### Example #2 - Run `mkhomedir_helper`
+
+Many Linux distributions provide a script that is responsible for user homedir bootstrapping: `/sbin/mkhomedir_helper`. To make use of it, you can use
+
+```python
+def create_dir_hook(spawner):
+    username = spawner.user.name
+    if not os.path.exists(os.path.join('/volumes/jupyterhub', username)):
+        subprocess.call(["sudo", "/sbin/mkhomedir_helper", spawner.user.name])
+
+# attach the hook function to the spawner
+c.Spawner.pre_spawn_hook = create_dir_hook
+```
+
+and make sure to add
+
+```
+jupyterhub ALL = (root) NOPASSWD: /sbin/mkhomedir_helper
+```
+
+in a new file in `/etc/sudoers.d`, or simply in `/etc/sudoers`.
+
+All new home directories will be created from `/etc/skel`, so make sure to place any custom homedir-contents in there.
+
+### Example #3 - Run a shell script 
 
 You can specify a plain ole' shell script (or any other executable) to be run 
 by the bootstrap process.

examples/bootstrap-script/jupyterhub_config.py

@@ -5,8 +5,10 @@ create a directory for the user before the spawner starts
 # pylint: disable=import-error
 import os
 import shutil
+
 from jupyter_client.localinterfaces import public_ips
 
+
 def create_dir_hook(spawner):
     """ Create directory """
     username = spawner.user.name  # get the username
@@ -16,6 +18,7 @@ def create_dir_hook(spawner):
         # now do whatever you think your user needs
         # ...
 
+
 def clean_dir_hook(spawner):
     """ Delete directory """
     username = spawner.user.name  # get the username
@@ -23,6 +26,7 @@ def clean_dir_hook(spawner):
     if os.path.exists(temp_path) and os.path.isdir(temp_path):
         shutil.rmtree(temp_path)
 
+
 # attach the hook functions to the spawner
 # pylint: disable=undefined-variable
 c.Spawner.pre_spawn_hook = create_dir_hook

examples/cull-idle/README.md

@@ -15,7 +15,7 @@ c.JupyterHub.services = [
     {
         'name': 'cull-idle',
         'admin': True,
-        'command': 'python3 cull_idle_servers.py --timeout=3600'.split(),
+        'command': [sys.executable, 'cull_idle_servers.py', '--timeout=3600'],
     }
 ]
 ```
@@ -36,6 +36,6 @@ Generate an API token and store it in the `JUPYTERHUB_API_TOKEN` environment
 variable. Run `cull_idle_servers.py` manually. 
 
 ```bash
-    export JUPYTERHUB_API_TOKEN=`jupyterhub token`
+    export JUPYTERHUB_API_TOKEN=$(jupyterhub token)
     python3 cull_idle_servers.py [--timeout=900] [--url=http://127.0.0.1:8081/hub/api]
 ```

examples/cull-idle/cull_idle_servers.py

@@ -16,13 +16,13 @@ You can run this as a service managed by JupyterHub with this in your config::
         {
             'name': 'cull-idle',
             'admin': True,
-            'command': 'python3 cull_idle_servers.py --timeout=3600'.split(),
+            'command': [sys.executable, 'cull_idle_servers.py', '--timeout=3600'],
         }
     ]
 
 Or run it manually by generating an API token and storing it in `JUPYTERHUB_API_TOKEN`:
 
-    export JUPYTERHUB_API_TOKEN=`jupyterhub token`
+    export JUPYTERHUB_API_TOKEN=$(jupyterhub token)
     python3 cull_idle_servers.py [--timeout=900] [--url=http://127.0.0.1:8081/hub/api]
 
 This script uses the same ``--timeout`` and ``--max-age`` values for
@@ -31,11 +31,11 @@ users and servers, you should add this script to the services list
 twice, just with different ``name``s, different values, and one with
 the ``--cull-users`` option.
 """
-
-from datetime import datetime, timezone
-from functools import partial
 import json
 import os
+from datetime import datetime
+from datetime import timezone
+from functools import partial
 
 try:
     from urllib.parse import quote
@@ -85,23 +85,21 @@ def format_td(td):
 
 
 @coroutine
-def cull_idle(url, api_token, inactive_limit, cull_users=False, max_age=0, concurrency=10):
+def cull_idle(
+    url, api_token, inactive_limit, cull_users=False, max_age=0, concurrency=10
+):
     """Shutdown idle single-user servers
 
     If cull_users, inactive *users* will be deleted as well.
     """
-    auth_header = {
-        'Authorization': 'token %s' % api_token,
-    }
-    req = HTTPRequest(
-        url=url + '/users',
-        headers=auth_header,
-    )
+    auth_header = {'Authorization': 'token %s' % api_token}
+    req = HTTPRequest(url=url + '/users', headers=auth_header)
     now = datetime.now(timezone.utc)
     client = AsyncHTTPClient()
 
     if concurrency:
         semaphore = Semaphore(concurrency)
+
         @coroutine
         def fetch(req):
             """client.fetch wrapped in a semaphore to limit concurrency"""
@@ -110,6 +108,7 @@ def cull_idle(url, api_token, inactive_limit, cull_users=False, max_age=0, concu
                 return (yield client.fetch(req))
             finally:
                 yield semaphore.release()
+
     else:
         fetch = client.fetch
 
@@ -118,9 +117,11 @@ def cull_idle(url, api_token, inactive_limit, cull_users=False, max_age=0, concu
     futures = []
 
     @coroutine
-    def handle_server(user, server_name, server):
+    def handle_server(user, server_name, server, max_age, inactive_limit):
         """Handle (maybe) culling a single server
 
+        "server" is the entire server model from the API.
+
         Returns True if server is now stopped (user removable),
         False otherwise.
         """
@@ -129,8 +130,8 @@ def cull_idle(url, api_token, inactive_limit, cull_users=False, max_age=0, concu
             log_name = '%s/%s' % (user['name'], server_name)
         if server.get('pending'):
             app_log.warning(
-                "Not culling server %s with pending %s",
-                log_name, server['pending'])
+                "Not culling server %s with pending %s", log_name, server['pending']
+            )
             return False
 
         # jupyterhub < 0.9 defined 'server.url' once the server was ready
@@ -142,8 +143,8 @@ def cull_idle(url, api_token, inactive_limit, cull_users=False, max_age=0, concu
 
         if not server.get('ready', bool(server['url'])):
             app_log.warning(
-                "Not culling not-ready not-pending server %s: %s",
-                log_name, server)
+                "Not culling not-ready not-pending server %s: %s", log_name, server
+            )
             return False
 
         if server.get('started'):
@@ -163,12 +164,27 @@ def cull_idle(url, api_token, inactive_limit, cull_users=False, max_age=0, concu
             # for running servers
             inactive = age
 
-        should_cull = (inactive is not None and
-                       inactive.total_seconds() >= inactive_limit)
+        # CUSTOM CULLING TEST CODE HERE
+        # Add in additional server tests here.  Return False to mean "don't
+        # cull", True means "cull immediately", or, for example, update some
+        # other variables like inactive_limit.
+        #
+        # Here, server['state'] is the result of the get_state method
+        # on the spawner.  This does *not* contain the below by
+        # default, you may have to modify your spawner to make this
+        # work.  The `user` variable is the user model from the API.
+        #
+        # if server['state']['profile_name'] == 'unlimited'
+        #     return False
+        # inactive_limit = server['state']['culltime']
+
+        should_cull = (
+            inactive is not None and inactive.total_seconds() >= inactive_limit
+        )
         if should_cull:
             app_log.info(
-                "Culling server %s (inactive for %s)",
-                log_name, format_td(inactive))
+                "Culling server %s (inactive for %s)", log_name, format_td(inactive)
+            )
 
         if max_age and not should_cull:
             # only check started if max_age is specified
@@ -177,32 +193,34 @@ def cull_idle(url, api_token, inactive_limit, cull_users=False, max_age=0, concu
             if age is not None and age.total_seconds() >= max_age:
                 app_log.info(
                     "Culling server %s (age: %s, inactive for %s)",
-                    log_name, format_td(age), format_td(inactive))
+                    log_name,
+                    format_td(age),
+                    format_td(inactive),
+                )
                 should_cull = True
 
         if not should_cull:
             app_log.debug(
                 "Not culling server %s (age: %s, inactive for %s)",
-                log_name, format_td(age), format_td(inactive))
+                log_name,
+                format_td(age),
+                format_td(inactive),
+            )
             return False
 
         if server_name:
             # culling a named server
             delete_url = url + "/users/%s/servers/%s" % (
-                quote(user['name']), quote(server['name'])
+                quote(user['name']),
+                quote(server['name']),
             )
         else:
             delete_url = url + '/users/%s/server' % quote(user['name'])
 
-        req = HTTPRequest(
-            url=delete_url, method='DELETE', headers=auth_header,
-        )
+        req = HTTPRequest(url=delete_url, method='DELETE', headers=auth_header)
         resp = yield fetch(req)
         if resp.code == 202:
-            app_log.warning(
-                "Server %s is slow to stop",
-                log_name,
-            )
+            app_log.warning("Server %s is slow to stop", log_name)
             # return False to prevent culling user with pending shutdowns
             return False
         return True
@@ -234,7 +252,7 @@ def cull_idle(url, api_token, inactive_limit, cull_users=False, max_age=0, concu
                     'url': user['server'],
                 }
         server_futures = [
-            handle_server(user, server_name, server)
+            handle_server(user, server_name, server, max_age, inactive_limit)
             for server_name, server in servers.items()
         ]
         results = yield multi(server_futures)
@@ -245,7 +263,9 @@ def cull_idle(url, api_token, inactive_limit, cull_users=False, max_age=0, concu
         if still_alive:
             app_log.debug(
                 "Not culling user %s with %i servers still alive",
-                user['name'], still_alive)
+                user['name'],
+                still_alive,
+            )
             return False
 
         should_cull = False
@@ -265,12 +285,11 @@ def cull_idle(url, api_token, inactive_limit, cull_users=False, max_age=0, concu
             # which introduces the 'created' field which is never None
             inactive = age
 
-        should_cull = (inactive is not None and
-                       inactive.total_seconds() >= inactive_limit)
+        should_cull = (
+            inactive is not None and inactive.total_seconds() >= inactive_limit
+        )
         if should_cull:
-            app_log.info(
-                "Culling user %s (inactive for %s)",
-                user['name'], inactive)
+            app_log.info("Culling user %s (inactive for %s)", user['name'], inactive)
 
         if max_age and not should_cull:
             # only check created if max_age is specified
@@ -279,19 +298,23 @@ def cull_idle(url, api_token, inactive_limit, cull_users=False, max_age=0, concu
             if age is not None and age.total_seconds() >= max_age:
                 app_log.info(
                     "Culling user %s (age: %s, inactive for %s)",
-                    user['name'], format_td(age), format_td(inactive))
+                    user['name'],
+                    format_td(age),
+                    format_td(inactive),
+                )
                 should_cull = True
 
         if not should_cull:
             app_log.debug(
                 "Not culling user %s (created: %s, last active: %s)",
-                user['name'], format_td(age), format_td(inactive))
+                user['name'],
+                format_td(age),
+                format_td(inactive),
+            )
             return False
 
         req = HTTPRequest(
-            url=url + '/users/%s' % user['name'],
-            method='DELETE',
-            headers=auth_header,
+            url=url + '/users/%s' % user['name'], method='DELETE', headers=auth_header
         )
         yield fetch(req)
         return True
@@ -316,20 +339,30 @@ if __name__ == '__main__':
         help="The JupyterHub API URL",
     )
     define('timeout', default=600, help="The idle timeout (in seconds)")
-    define('cull_every', default=0,
-           help="The interval (in seconds) for checking for idle servers to cull")
-    define('max_age', default=0,
-           help="The maximum age (in seconds) of servers that should be culled even if they are active")
-    define('cull_users', default=False,
+    define(
+        'cull_every',
+        default=0,
+        help="The interval (in seconds) for checking for idle servers to cull",
+    )
+    define(
+        'max_age',
+        default=0,
+        help="The maximum age (in seconds) of servers that should be culled even if they are active",
+    )
+    define(
+        'cull_users',
+        default=False,
         help="""Cull users in addition to servers.
                 This is for use in temporary-user cases such as tmpnb.""",
     )
-    define('concurrency', default=10,
+    define(
+        'concurrency',
+        default=10,
         help="""Limit the number of concurrent requests made to the Hub.
 
                 Deleting a lot of users at the same time can slow down the Hub,
                 so limit the number of API requests we have outstanding at any given time.
-                """
+                """,
     )
 
     parse_command_line()
@@ -343,7 +376,8 @@ if __name__ == '__main__':
         app_log.warning(
             "Could not load pycurl: %s\n"
             "pycurl is recommended if you have a large number of users.",
-            e)
+            e,
+        )
 
     loop = IOLoop.current()
     cull = partial(

examples/cull-idle/jupyterhub_config.py

@@ -1,8 +1,11 @@
+import sys
+
 # run cull-idle as a service
+
 c.JupyterHub.services = [
     {
         'name': 'cull-idle',
         'admin': True,
-        'command': 'python3 cull_idle_servers.py --timeout=3600'.split(),
+        'command': [sys.executable, 'cull_idle_servers.py', '--timeout=3600'],
     }
 ]

examples/external-oauth/README.md

@@ -18,7 +18,7 @@ implementations in other web servers or languages.
 
 1. generate an API token:
 
-        export JUPYTERHUB_API_TOKEN=`openssl rand -hex 32`
+        export JUPYTERHUB_API_TOKEN=$(openssl rand -hex 32)
 
 2. launch a version of the the whoami service.
    For `whoami-oauth`:

examples/external-oauth/jupyterhub_config.py

@@ -4,7 +4,9 @@ import os
 # this could come from anywhere
 api_token = os.getenv("JUPYTERHUB_API_TOKEN")
 if not api_token:
-    raise ValueError("Make sure to `export JUPYTERHUB_API_TOKEN=$(openssl rand -hex 32)`")
+    raise ValueError(
+        "Make sure to `export JUPYTERHUB_API_TOKEN=$(openssl rand -hex 32)`"
+    )
 
 # tell JupyterHub to register the service as an external oauth client
 
@@ -14,5 +16,5 @@ c.JupyterHub.services = [
         'oauth_client_id': "whoami-oauth-client-test",
         'api_token': api_token,
         'oauth_redirect_uri': 'http://127.0.0.1:5555/oauth_callback',
-    },
+    }
 ]

examples/external-oauth/whoami-oauth-basic.py

@@ -3,18 +3,19 @@
 Implements OAuth handshake manually
 so all URLs and requests necessary for OAuth with JupyterHub should be in one place
 """
-
 import json
 import os
 import sys
-from urllib.parse import urlencode, urlparse
+from urllib.parse import urlencode
+from urllib.parse import urlparse
 
-from tornado.auth import OAuth2Mixin
-from tornado.httpclient import AsyncHTTPClient, HTTPRequest
-from tornado.httputil import url_concat
-from tornado.ioloop import IOLoop
 from tornado import log
 from tornado import web
+from tornado.auth import OAuth2Mixin
+from tornado.httpclient import AsyncHTTPClient
+from tornado.httpclient import HTTPRequest
+from tornado.httputil import url_concat
+from tornado.ioloop import IOLoop
 
 
 class JupyterHubLoginHandler(web.RequestHandler):
@@ -32,11 +33,11 @@ class JupyterHubLoginHandler(web.RequestHandler):
             code=code,
             redirect_uri=self.settings['redirect_uri'],
         )
-        req = HTTPRequest(self.settings['token_url'], method='POST',
+        req = HTTPRequest(
+            self.settings['token_url'],
+            method='POST',
             body=urlencode(params).encode('utf8'),
-                          headers={
-            'Content-Type': 'application/x-www-form-urlencoded',
-        },
+            headers={'Content-Type': 'application/x-www-form-urlencoded'},
         )
         response = await AsyncHTTPClient().fetch(req)
         data = json.loads(response.body.decode('utf8', 'replace'))
@@ -55,14 +56,16 @@ class JupyterHubLoginHandler(web.RequestHandler):
             # we are the login handler,
             # begin oauth process which will come back later with an
             # authorization_code
-            self.redirect(url_concat(
+            self.redirect(
+                url_concat(
                     self.settings['authorize_url'],
                     dict(
                         redirect_uri=self.settings['redirect_uri'],
                         client_id=self.settings['client_id'],
                         response_type='code',
+                    ),
+                )
             )
-            ))
 
 
 class WhoAmIHandler(web.RequestHandler):
@@ -85,10 +88,7 @@ class WhoAmIHandler(web.RequestHandler):
         """Retrieve the user for a given token, via /hub/api/user"""
 
         req = HTTPRequest(
-            self.settings['user_url'],
-            headers={
-                'Authorization': f'token {token}'
-            },
+            self.settings['user_url'], headers={'Authorization': f'token {token}'}
         )
         response = await AsyncHTTPClient().fetch(req)
         return json.loads(response.body.decode('utf8', 'replace'))
@@ -110,23 +110,23 @@ def main():
     token_url = hub_api + '/oauth2/token'
     user_url = hub_api + '/user'
 
-    app = web.Application([
-        ('/oauth_callback', JupyterHubLoginHandler),
-        ('/', WhoAmIHandler),
-    ],
+    app = web.Application(
+        [('/oauth_callback', JupyterHubLoginHandler), ('/', WhoAmIHandler)],
         login_url='/oauth_callback',
         cookie_secret=os.urandom(32),
         api_token=os.environ['JUPYTERHUB_API_TOKEN'],
         client_id=os.environ['JUPYTERHUB_CLIENT_ID'],
-        redirect_uri=os.environ['JUPYTERHUB_SERVICE_URL'].rstrip('/') + '/oauth_callback',
+        redirect_uri=os.environ['JUPYTERHUB_SERVICE_URL'].rstrip('/')
+        + '/oauth_callback',
         authorize_url=authorize_url,
         token_url=token_url,
         user_url=user_url,
     )
 
     url = urlparse(os.environ['JUPYTERHUB_SERVICE_URL'])
-    log.app_log.info("Running basic whoami service on %s",
-                     os.environ['JUPYTERHUB_SERVICE_URL'])
+    log.app_log.info(
+        "Running basic whoami service on %s", os.environ['JUPYTERHUB_SERVICE_URL']
+    )
     app.listen(url.port, url.hostname)
     IOLoop.current().start()
 

examples/postgres/hub/jupyterhub_config.py

@@ -8,10 +8,10 @@ c.Authenticator.whitelist = {'ganymede', 'io', 'rhea'}
 
 # These environment variables are automatically supplied by the linked postgres
 # container.
-import os;
+import os
+
 pg_pass = os.getenv('POSTGRES_ENV_JPY_PSQL_PASSWORD')
 pg_host = os.getenv('POSTGRES_PORT_5432_TCP_ADDR')
 c.JupyterHub.db_url = 'postgresql://jupyterhub:{}@{}:5432/jupyterhub'.format(
-    pg_pass,
-    pg_host,
+    pg_pass, pg_host
 )

examples/service-announcement/README.md

@@ -11,7 +11,7 @@ configuration file something like:
             {
                 'name': 'announcement',
                 'url': 'http://127.0.0.1:8888',
-                'command': ["python", "-m", "announcement"],
+                'command': [sys.executable, "-m", "announcement"],
             }
     ]
 

examples/service-announcement/announcement.py

@@ -1,11 +1,14 @@
-
 import argparse
 import datetime
 import json
 import os
 
+from tornado import escape
+from tornado import gen
+from tornado import ioloop
+from tornado import web
+
 from jupyterhub.services.auth import HubAuthenticated
-from tornado import escape, gen, ioloop, web
 
 
 class AnnouncementRequestHandler(HubAuthenticated, web.RequestHandler):
@@ -21,6 +24,7 @@ class AnnouncementRequestHandler(HubAuthenticated, web.RequestHandler):
     @web.authenticated
     def post(self):
         """Update announcement"""
+        user = self.get_current_user()
         doc = escape.json_decode(self.request.body)
         self.storage["announcement"] = doc["announcement"]
         self.storage["timestamp"] = datetime.datetime.now().isoformat()
@@ -52,19 +56,19 @@ def main():
 
 def parse_arguments():
     parser = argparse.ArgumentParser()
-    parser.add_argument("--api-prefix", "-a",
+    parser.add_argument(
+        "--api-prefix",
+        "-a",
         default=os.environ.get("JUPYTERHUB_SERVICE_PREFIX", "/"),
-            help="application API prefix")
-    parser.add_argument("--port", "-p",
-            default=8888,
-            help="port for API to listen on",
-            type=int)
+        help="application API prefix",
+    )
+    parser.add_argument(
+        "--port", "-p", default=8888, help="port for API to listen on", type=int
+    )
     return parser.parse_args()
 
 
-def create_application(api_prefix="/", 
-        handler=AnnouncementRequestHandler,
-        **kwargs):
+def create_application(api_prefix="/", handler=AnnouncementRequestHandler, **kwargs):
     storage = dict(announcement="", timestamp="", user="")
     return web.Application([(api_prefix, handler, dict(storage=storage))])
 

examples/service-announcement/jupyterhub_config.py

@@ -1,3 +1,4 @@
+import sys
 
 # To run the announcement service managed by the hub, add this.
 
@@ -5,7 +6,7 @@ c.JupyterHub.services = [
     {
         'name': 'announcement',
         'url': 'http://127.0.0.1:8888',
-            'command': ["python", "-m", "announcement"],
+        'command': [sys.executable, "-m", "announcement"],
     }
 ]