Update README.md

Merge pull request #2066 from 4Science/DS-3915
DS-3915 RestResourceController hides not existing endpoints under other errors
2025-10-07 10:04:21 +00:00 · 2018-06-22 14:33:35 -07:00 · 2018-05-28 08:36:26 +02:00 · 2018-05-28 08:29:51 +02:00 · 2018-05-20 21:13:20 +02:00 · 2018-05-20 19:16:46 +02:00
3540 changed files with 136938 additions and 353191 deletions
--- a/.gitignore
+++ b/.gitignore
@@ -6,8 +6,10 @@ tags

 ## Ignore project files created by Eclipse
 .settings/
+/bin/
 .project
 .classpath
+.checkstyle

 ## Ignore project files created by IntelliJ IDEA
 *.iml
@@ -24,7 +26,6 @@ dist/
 nbdist/
 nbactions.xml
 nb-configuration.xml
-META-INF/

 ## Ignore all *.properties file in root folder, EXCEPT build.properties (the default)
 ## KEPT FOR BACKWARDS COMPATIBILITY WITH 5.x (build.properties is now replaced with local.cfg)
@@ -38,3 +39,6 @@ META-INF/

 ##Mac noise
 .DS_Store
+
+##Ignore JRebel project configuration
+rebel.xml
--- a/.travis.yml
+++ b/.travis.yml
@@ -5,24 +5,23 @@ env:
  # Give Maven 1GB of memory to work with
  - MAVEN_OPTS=-Xmx1024M

+jdk:
+  # DS-3384 Oracle JDK 8 has DocLint enabled by default.
+  # Let's use this to catch any newly introduced DocLint issues.
+  - oraclejdk8
+
+## Should we run into any problems with oraclejdk8 on Travis, we may try the following workaround.
+## https://docs.travis-ci.com/user/languages/java#Testing-Against-Multiple-JDKs
+## https://github.com/travis-ci/travis-ci/issues/3259#issuecomment-130860338
+#addons:
+#  apt:
+#    packages:
+#      - oracle-java8-installer
+
 # Install prerequisites for building Mirage2 more rapidly
 before_install:
-  # Install latest Node.js 0.10.x & print version info
-  - nvm install 0.10
-  - node --version
-  # Install Bower
-  - npm install -g bower
-  # Install Grunt & print version info
-  - npm install -g grunt && npm install -g grunt-cli
-  - grunt --version
-  # Print ruby version info (should be installed)
-  - ruby -v
-  # Install Sass & print version info
-  - gem install sass
-  - sass -v
-  # Install Compass & print version info
-  - gem install compass
-  - compass version
+  # Remove outdated settings.xml from Travis builds. Workaround for https://github.com/travis-ci/travis-ci/issues/4629
+  - rm ~/.m2/settings.xml

 # Skip install stage, as we'll do it below
 install: "echo 'Skipping install stage, dependencies will be downloaded during build and test stages.'"
@@ -38,9 +37,8 @@ script:
  #        -P !assembly            => Skip normal assembly (as it can be memory intensive)
  #        -B => Maven batch/non-interactive mode (recommended for CI)
  #        -V => Display Maven version info before build
-  - "mvn clean install license:check -Dmaven.test.skip=false -DskipITs=false -P !assembly -B -V"
-  # 2. [Assemble DSpace] Ensure assembly process works (from [src]/dspace/), including Mirage 2
-  #        -Dmirage2.on=true => Build Mirage2
-  #        -Dmirage2.deps.included=false => Don't include Mirage2 build dependencies (We installed them in before_install)
+  #        -Dsurefire.rerunFailingTestsCount=2 => try again for flakey tests, and keep track of/report on number of retries
+  - "mvn clean install license:check -Dmaven.test.skip=false -DskipITs=false -P !assembly -B -V -Dsurefire.rerunFailingTestsCount=2"
+  # 2. [Assemble DSpace] Ensure overlay & assembly process works (from [src]/dspace/)
  #        -P !assembly => SKIP the actual building of [src]/dspace/dspace-installer (as it can be memory intensive)
-  - "cd dspace && mvn package -Dmirage2.on=true -Dmirage2.deps.included=false -P !assembly -B -V"
+  - "cd dspace && mvn package -P !assembly -B -V -Dsurefire.rerunFailingTestsCount=2"
--- a/77
+++ b/77
@@ -1,19 +1,19 @@

-DSpace uses third-party libraries which may be distributed under different 
+DSpace uses third-party libraries which may be distributed under different
 licenses. We have listed all of these third party libraries and their licenses
 below. This file can be regenerated at any time by simply running:
-    
+
    mvn clean verify -Dthird.party.licenses=true

-You must agree to the terms of these licenses, in addition to the DSpace 
+You must agree to the terms of these licenses, in addition to the DSpace
 source code license, in order to use this software.

 ---------------------------------------------------
 Third party Java libraries listed by License type.

 PLEASE NOTE: Some dependencies may be listed under multiple licenses if they
-are dual-licensed. This is especially true of anything listed as 
-"GNU General Public Library" below, as DSpace actually does NOT allow for any 
+are dual-licensed. This is especially true of anything listed as
+"GNU General Public Library" below, as DSpace actually does NOT allow for any
 dependencies that are solely released under GPL terms. For more info see:
 https://wiki.duraspace.org/display/DSPACE/Code+Contribution+Guidelines
 ---------------------------------------------------
@@ -22,7 +22,6 @@ https://wiki.duraspace.org/display/DSPACE/Code+Contribution+Guidelines

        * Ant-Contrib Tasks (ant-contrib:ant-contrib:1.0b3 - http://ant-contrib.sourceforge.net)
        * Code Generation Library (cglib:cglib:2.2.2 - http://cglib.sourceforge.net/)
-        * Code Generation Library (cglib:cglib:3.1 - http://cglib.sourceforge.net/)
        * AWS SDK for Java - Core (com.amazonaws:aws-java-sdk-core:1.10.50 - https://aws.amazon.com/sdkforjava)
        * AWS Java SDK for AWS KMS (com.amazonaws:aws-java-sdk-kms:1.10.50 - https://aws.amazon.com/sdkforjava)
        * AWS Java SDK for Amazon S3 (com.amazonaws:aws-java-sdk-s3:1.10.50 - https://aws.amazon.com/sdkforjava)
@@ -115,7 +114,6 @@ https://wiki.duraspace.org/display/DSPACE/Code+Contribution+Guidelines
        * Apache Commons Compress (org.apache.commons:commons-compress:1.7 - http://commons.apache.org/proper/commons-compress/)
        * Apache Commons CSV (org.apache.commons:commons-csv:1.0 - http://commons.apache.org/proper/commons-csv/)
        * Apache Commons DBCP (org.apache.commons:commons-dbcp2:2.1.1 - http://commons.apache.org/dbcp/)
-        * Commons Lang (org.apache.commons:commons-lang3:3.1 - http://commons.apache.org/lang/)
        * Apache Commons Lang (org.apache.commons:commons-lang3:3.3.2 - http://commons.apache.org/proper/commons-lang/)
        * Apache Commons Pool (org.apache.commons:commons-pool2:2.4.2 - http://commons.apache.org/proper/commons-pool/)
        * Excalibur Pool API (org.apache.excalibur.components:excalibur-pool-api:2.2.1 - http://www.apache.org/excalibur/excalibur-components-modules/excalibur-pool-modules/excalibur-pool-api/)
@@ -125,6 +123,7 @@ https://wiki.duraspace.org/display/DSPACE/Code+Contribution+Guidelines
        * Excalibur Instrument API (org.apache.excalibur.containerkit:excalibur-instrument-api:2.2.1 - http://www.apache.org/excalibur/excalibur-containerkit/excalibur-instrument-modules/excalibur-instrument-api/)
        * Excalibur Logger (org.apache.excalibur.containerkit:excalibur-logger:2.2.1 - http://www.apache.org/excalibur/excalibur-containerkit/excalibur-logger/)
        * Activation 1.1 (org.apache.geronimo.specs:geronimo-activation_1.1_spec:1.1 - http://geronimo.apache.org/maven/specs/geronimo-activation_1.1_spec/1.1)
+        * JavaMail 1.4 (org.apache.geronimo.specs:geronimo-javamail_1.4_spec:1.7.1 - http://geronimo.apache.org/maven/specs/geronimo-javamail_1.4_spec/1.7.1)
        * Streaming API for XML (STAX API 1.0) (org.apache.geronimo.specs:geronimo-stax-api_1.0_spec:1.0.1 - http://geronimo.apache.org/specs/geronimo-stax-api_1.0_spec)
        * Apache Hadoop Annotations (org.apache.hadoop:hadoop-annotations:2.2.0 - no url defined)
        * Apache Hadoop Auth (org.apache.hadoop:hadoop-auth:2.2.0 - no url defined)
@@ -172,9 +171,9 @@ https://wiki.duraspace.org/display/DSPACE/Code+Contribution+Guidelines
        * Lucene Spatial (org.apache.lucene:lucene-spatial:4.10.4 - http://lucene.apache.org/lucene-parent/lucene-spatial)
        * Lucene Suggest (org.apache.lucene:lucene-suggest:4.10.2 - http://lucene.apache.org/lucene-parent/lucene-suggest)
        * Lucene Suggest (org.apache.lucene:lucene-suggest:4.10.4 - http://lucene.apache.org/lucene-parent/lucene-suggest)
-        * Apache FontBox (org.apache.pdfbox:fontbox:2.0.0 - http://pdfbox.apache.org/)
+        * Apache FontBox (org.apache.pdfbox:fontbox:2.0.2 - http://pdfbox.apache.org/)
        * Apache JempBox (org.apache.pdfbox:jempbox:1.8.4 - http://www.apache.org/pdfbox-parent/jempbox/)
-        * Apache PDFBox (org.apache.pdfbox:pdfbox:2.0.0 - http://www.apache.org/pdfbox-parent/pdfbox/)
+        * Apache PDFBox (org.apache.pdfbox:pdfbox:2.0.2 - http://www.apache.org/pdfbox-parent/pdfbox/)
        * Apache POI (org.apache.poi:poi:3.13 - http://poi.apache.org/)
        * Apache POI (org.apache.poi:poi-ooxml:3.13 - http://poi.apache.org/)
        * Apache POI (org.apache.poi:poi-ooxml-schemas:3.10.1 - http://poi.apache.org/)
@@ -189,20 +188,18 @@ https://wiki.duraspace.org/display/DSPACE/Code+Contribution+Guidelines
        * Apache Tika core (org.apache.tika:tika-core:1.5 - http://tika.apache.org/)
        * Apache Tika parsers (org.apache.tika:tika-parsers:1.5 - http://tika.apache.org/)
        * Apache Tika XMP (org.apache.tika:tika-xmp:1.5 - http://tika.apache.org/)
-        * Axiom API (org.apache.ws.commons.axiom:axiom-api:1.2.17 - http://ws.apache.org/axiom/)
-        * LLOM (org.apache.ws.commons.axiom:axiom-impl:1.2.17 - http://ws.apache.org/axiom/implementations/axiom-impl/)
+        * Axiom API (org.apache.ws.commons.axiom:axiom-api:1.2.14 - http://ws.apache.org/axiom/)
+        * Axiom Impl (org.apache.ws.commons.axiom:axiom-impl:1.2.14 - http://ws.apache.org/axiom/)
        * XmlBeans (org.apache.xmlbeans:xmlbeans:2.6.0 - http://xmlbeans.apache.org)
        * zookeeper (org.apache.zookeeper:zookeeper:3.4.6 - no url defined)
        * Evo Inflector (org.atteo:evo-inflector:1.2.1 - http://atteo.org/static/evo-inflector)
        * TagSoup (org.ccil.cowan.tagsoup:tagsoup:1.2.1 - http://home.ccil.org/~cowan/XML/tagsoup/)
        * Jackson (org.codehaus.jackson:jackson-core-asl:1.9.13 - http://jackson.codehaus.org)
        * Data Mapper for Jackson (org.codehaus.jackson:jackson-mapper-asl:1.9.13 - http://jackson.codehaus.org)
-        * Woodstox (org.codehaus.woodstox:woodstox-core-asl:4.2.0 - http://woodstox.codehaus.org)
+        * Woodstox (org.codehaus.woodstox:woodstox-core-asl:4.1.4 - http://woodstox.codehaus.org)
        * Woodstox (org.codehaus.woodstox:wstx-asl:3.2.0 - http://woodstox.codehaus.org)
        * Woodstox (org.codehaus.woodstox:wstx-asl:3.2.7 - http://woodstox.codehaus.org)
-        * databene ContiPerf (org.databene:contiperf:2.3.4 - http://databene.org/contiperf)
-        * elasticsearch (org.elasticsearch:elasticsearch:1.4.0 - http://nexus.sonatype.org/oss-repository-hosting.html/elasticsearch)
-        * flyway-core (org.flywaydb:flyway-core:3.2.1 - http://flywaydb.org/flyway-core)
+        * flyway-core (org.flywaydb:flyway-core:4.0.3 - https://flywaydb.org/flyway-core)
        * Ogg and Vorbis for Java, Core (org.gagravarr:vorbis-java-core:0.1 - https://github.com/Gagravarr/VorbisJava)
        * Apache Tika plugin for Ogg, Vorbis and FLAC (org.gagravarr:vorbis-java-tika:0.1 - https://github.com/Gagravarr/VorbisJava)
        * Javassist (org.javassist:javassist:3.18.1-GA - http://www.javassist.org/)
@@ -211,10 +208,11 @@ https://wiki.duraspace.org/display/DSPACE/Code+Contribution+Guidelines
        * Jetty Utilities (org.mortbay.jetty:jetty-util:6.1.26 - http://www.eclipse.org/jetty/jetty-parent/project/jetty-util)
        * Servlet Specification API (org.mortbay.jetty:servlet-api:2.5-20081211 - http://jetty.mortbay.org/servlet-api)
        * Noggit (org.noggit:noggit:0.5 - http://noggit.org)
+        * Objenesis (org.objenesis:objenesis:2.1 - http://objenesis.org)
        * parboiled-core (org.parboiled:parboiled-core:1.1.6 - http://parboiled.org)
        * parboiled-java (org.parboiled:parboiled-java:1.1.6 - http://parboiled.org)
-        * Restlet Core - API and Engine (org.restlet.jee:org.restlet:2.1.1 - http://www.restlet.org/org.restlet)
-        * Restlet Extension - Servlet (org.restlet.jee:org.restlet.ext.servlet:2.1.1 - http://www.restlet.org/org.restlet.ext.servlet)
+        * org.restlet (org.restlet.jee:org.restlet:2.1.1 - no url defined)
+        * org.restlet.ext.servlet (org.restlet.jee:org.restlet.ext.servlet:2.1.1 - no url defined)
        * rome-modules (org.rometools:rome-modules:1.0 - http://www.rometools.org)
        * Spring AOP (org.springframework:spring-aop:3.2.16.RELEASE - https://github.com/SpringSource/spring-framework)
        * Spring AOP (org.springframework:spring-aop:3.2.5.RELEASE - https://github.com/SpringSource/spring-framework)
@@ -229,7 +227,6 @@ https://wiki.duraspace.org/display/DSPACE/Code+Contribution+Guidelines
        * Spring Expression Language (SpEL) (org.springframework:spring-expression:3.2.5.RELEASE - https://github.com/SpringSource/spring-framework)
        * Spring JDBC (org.springframework:spring-jdbc:3.2.16.RELEASE - https://github.com/SpringSource/spring-framework)
        * Spring JDBC (org.springframework:spring-jdbc:3.2.5.RELEASE - https://github.com/SpringSource/spring-framework)
-        * Spring Framework: Mock (org.springframework:spring-mock:2.0.8 - http://www.springframework.org)
        * Spring Object/Relational Mapping (org.springframework:spring-orm:3.2.16.RELEASE - https://github.com/SpringSource/spring-framework)
        * Spring Object/Relational Mapping (org.springframework:spring-orm:3.2.5.RELEASE - https://github.com/SpringSource/spring-framework)
        * Spring TestContext Framework (org.springframework:spring-test:3.2.5.RELEASE - https://github.com/SpringSource/spring-framework)
@@ -269,7 +266,7 @@ https://wiki.duraspace.org/display/DSPACE/Code+Contribution+Guidelines
        * Protocol Buffer Java API (com.google.protobuf:protobuf-java:2.5.0 - http://code.google.com/p/protobuf)
        * Jena IRI (com.hp.hpl.jena:iri:0.8 - http://jena.sf.net/iri)
        * Jena (com.hp.hpl.jena:jena:2.6.4 - http://www.openjena.org/)
-        * yui compressor (com.yahoo.platform.yui:yuicompressor:2.4.8 - http://developer.yahoo.com/yui/compressor/)
+        * yui compressor (com.yahoo.platform.yui:yuicompressor:2.3.6 - http://developer.yahoo.com/yui/compressor/)
        * dnsjava (dnsjava:dnsjava:2.1.7 - http://www.dnsjava.org)
        * dom4j (dom4j:dom4j:1.6.1 - http://dom4j.org)
        * Biblio Transformation Engine :: Core (gr.ekt.bte:bte-core:0.9.3.5 - http://github.com/EKT/Biblio-Transformation-Engine/bte-core)
@@ -281,30 +278,29 @@ https://wiki.duraspace.org/display/DSPACE/Code+Contribution+Guidelines
        * Morfologik Stemming Dictionary for Polish (org.carrot2:morfologik-polish:1.7.1 - http://morfologik.blogspot.com/morfologik-polish/)
        * Morfologik Stemming APIs (org.carrot2:morfologik-stemming:1.7.1 - http://morfologik.blogspot.com/morfologik-stemming/)
        * Stax2 API (org.codehaus.woodstox:stax2-api:3.1.1 - http://woodstox.codehaus.org/StAX2)
-        * DSpace Kernel :: API and Implementation (org.dspace:dspace-api:6.0-SNAPSHOT - https://github.com/dspace/DSpace/dspace-api)
-        * DSpace I18N :: Language Packs (org.dspace:dspace-api-lang:5.0.7 - http://nexus.sonatype.org/oss-repository-hosting.html/dspace-api-lang)
-        * DSpace JSP-UI (org.dspace:dspace-jspui:6.0-SNAPSHOT - https://github.com/dspace/DSpace/dspace-jspui)
-        * DSpace OAI-PMH (org.dspace:dspace-oai:6.0-SNAPSHOT - https://github.com/dspace/DSpace/dspace-oai)
-        * DSpace RDF (org.dspace:dspace-rdf:6.0-SNAPSHOT - https://github.com/dspace/DSpace/dspace-rdf)
-        * DSpace REST :: API and Implementation (org.dspace:dspace-rest:6.0-SNAPSHOT - http://demo.dspace.org)
-        * DSpace Services Framework :: API and Implementation (org.dspace:dspace-services:6.0-SNAPSHOT - https://github.com/dspace/DSpace/dspace-services)
-        * Apache Solr Webapp (org.dspace:dspace-solr:6.0-SNAPSHOT - https://github.com/dspace/DSpace/dspace-solr)
-        * DSpace SWORD (org.dspace:dspace-sword:6.0-SNAPSHOT - https://github.com/dspace/DSpace/dspace-sword)
-        * DSpace SWORD v2 (org.dspace:dspace-swordv2:6.0-SNAPSHOT - https://github.com/dspace/DSpace/dspace-swordv2)
-        * DSpace XML-UI (Manakin) (org.dspace:dspace-xmlui:6.0-SNAPSHOT - https://github.com/dspace/DSpace/dspace-xmlui)
-        * DSpace XML-UI (Manakin) I18N :: Language Packs (org.dspace:dspace-xmlui-lang:5.0.7 - http://nexus.sonatype.org/oss-repository-hosting.html/dspace-xmlui-lang)
+        * DSpace Kernel :: API and Implementation (org.dspace:dspace-api:6.0-rc4-SNAPSHOT - https://github.com/dspace/DSpace/dspace-api)
+        * DSpace I18N :: Language Packs (org.dspace:dspace-api-lang:6.0.3 - https://github.com/dspace/dspace-api-lang)
+        * DSpace JSP-UI (org.dspace:dspace-jspui:6.0-rc4-SNAPSHOT - https://github.com/dspace/DSpace/dspace-jspui)
+        * DSpace OAI-PMH (org.dspace:dspace-oai:6.0-rc4-SNAPSHOT - https://github.com/dspace/DSpace/dspace-oai)
+        * DSpace RDF (org.dspace:dspace-rdf:6.0-rc4-SNAPSHOT - https://github.com/dspace/DSpace/dspace-rdf)
+        * DSpace REST :: API and Implementation (org.dspace:dspace-rest:6.0-rc4-SNAPSHOT - http://demo.dspace.org)
+        * DSpace Services Framework :: API and Implementation (org.dspace:dspace-services:6.0-rc4-SNAPSHOT - https://github.com/dspace/DSpace/dspace-services)
+        * Apache Solr Webapp (org.dspace:dspace-solr:6.0-rc4-SNAPSHOT - https://github.com/dspace/DSpace/dspace-solr)
+        * DSpace SWORD (org.dspace:dspace-sword:6.0-rc4-SNAPSHOT - https://github.com/dspace/DSpace/dspace-sword)
+        * DSpace SWORD v2 (org.dspace:dspace-swordv2:6.0-rc4-SNAPSHOT - https://github.com/dspace/DSpace/dspace-swordv2)
+        * DSpace XML-UI (Manakin) (org.dspace:dspace-xmlui:6.0-rc4-SNAPSHOT - https://github.com/dspace/DSpace/dspace-xmlui)
+        * DSpace XML-UI (Manakin) I18N :: Language Packs (org.dspace:dspace-xmlui-lang:6.0.3 - https://github.com/dspace/dspace-xmlui-lang)
        * handle (org.dspace:handle:6.2 - no url defined)
        * jargon (org.dspace:jargon:1.4.25 - no url defined)
        * mets (org.dspace:mets:1.5.2 - no url defined)
        * oclc-harvester2 (org.dspace:oclc-harvester2:0.1.12 - no url defined)
        * XOAI : OAI-PMH Java Toolkit (org.dspace:xoai:3.2.10 - http://nexus.sonatype.org/oss-repository-hosting.html/xoai)
        * Repackaged Cocoon Servlet Service Implementation (org.dspace.dependencies.cocoon:dspace-cocoon-servlet-service-impl:1.0.3 - http://projects.dspace.org/dspace-pom/dspace-cocoon-servlet-service-impl)
-        * DSpace Kernel :: Additions and Local Customizations (org.dspace.modules:additions:6.0-SNAPSHOT - https://github.com/dspace/DSpace/modules/additions)
+        * DSpace Kernel :: Additions and Local Customizations (org.dspace.modules:additions:6.0-rc4-SNAPSHOT - https://github.com/dspace/DSpace/modules/additions)
        * Hamcrest All (org.hamcrest:hamcrest-all:1.3 - https://github.com/hamcrest/JavaHamcrest/hamcrest-all)
-        * Hamcrest Core (org.hamcrest:hamcrest-core:1.3 - https://github.com/hamcrest/JavaHamcrest/hamcrest-core)
+        * Hamcrest Core (org.hamcrest:hamcrest-all:1.3 - https://github.com/hamcrest/JavaHamcrest/hamcrest-all)
        * JBibTeX (org.jbibtex:jbibtex:1.0.10 - http://www.jbibtex.org)
        * ASM Core (org.ow2.asm:asm:4.1 - http://asm.objectweb.org/asm/)
-        * ASM Core (org.ow2.asm:asm:4.2 - http://asm.objectweb.org/asm/)
        * ASM Analysis (org.ow2.asm:asm-analysis:4.1 - http://asm.objectweb.org/asm-analysis/)
        * ASM Commons (org.ow2.asm:asm-commons:4.1 - http://asm.objectweb.org/asm-commons/)
        * ASM Tree (org.ow2.asm:asm-tree:4.1 - http://asm.objectweb.org/asm-tree/)
@@ -351,8 +347,6 @@ https://wiki.duraspace.org/display/DSPACE/Code+Contribution+Guidelines
        * jersey-media-json-jackson (org.glassfish.jersey.media:jersey-media-json-jackson:2.22.1 - https://jersey.java.net/project/jersey-media-json-jackson/)
        * Java Transaction API (org.jboss.spec.javax.transaction:jboss-transaction-api_1.1_spec:1.0.1.Final - http://www.jboss.org/jboss-transaction-api_1.1_spec)
        * Type arithmetic library for Java5 (org.jvnet:tiger-types:1.4 - http://java.net/tiger-types/)
-        * Restlet Core - API and Engine (org.restlet.jee:org.restlet:2.1.1 - http://www.restlet.org/org.restlet)
-        * Restlet Extension - Servlet (org.restlet.jee:org.restlet.ext.servlet:2.1.1 - http://www.restlet.org/org.restlet.ext.servlet)

    Eclipse Public License:

@@ -362,8 +356,6 @@ https://wiki.duraspace.org/display/DSPACE/Code+Contribution+Guidelines
        * Jetty Server (org.mortbay.jetty:jetty:6.1.26 - http://www.eclipse.org/jetty/jetty-parent/project/modules/jetty)
        * Jetty Servlet Tester (org.mortbay.jetty:jetty-servlet-tester:6.1.26 - http://www.eclipse.org/jetty/jetty-parent/project/jetty-servlet-tester)
        * Jetty Utilities (org.mortbay.jetty:jetty-util:6.1.26 - http://www.eclipse.org/jetty/jetty-parent/project/jetty-util)
-        * Restlet Core - API and Engine (org.restlet.jee:org.restlet:2.1.1 - http://www.restlet.org/org.restlet)
-        * Restlet Extension - Servlet (org.restlet.jee:org.restlet.ext.servlet:2.1.1 - http://www.restlet.org/org.restlet.ext.servlet)

    GNU General Public License, Version 2 with the Classpath Exception:

@@ -382,8 +374,6 @@ https://wiki.duraspace.org/display/DSPACE/Code+Contribution+Guidelines
        * Javassist (org.javassist:javassist:3.18.1-GA - http://www.javassist.org/)
        * JBoss Logging 3 (org.jboss.logging:jboss-logging:3.1.0.GA - http://www.jboss.org)
        * org.jdesktop - Swing Worker (org.jdesktop:swing-worker:1.1 - no url defined)
-        * Restlet Core - API and Engine (org.restlet.jee:org.restlet:2.1.1 - http://www.restlet.org/org.restlet)
-        * Restlet Extension - Servlet (org.restlet.jee:org.restlet.ext.servlet:2.1.1 - http://www.restlet.org/org.restlet.ext.servlet)
        * xom (xom:xom:1.1 - http://www.xom.nu)
        * XOM (xom:xom:1.2.5 - http://xom.nu)

@@ -401,13 +391,10 @@ https://wiki.duraspace.org/display/DSPACE/Code+Contribution+Guidelines
        * Bouncy Castle Provider (org.bouncycastle:bcprov-jdk15:1.46 - http://www.bouncycastle.org/java.html)
        * Main (org.jmockit:jmockit:1.21 - http://www.jmockit.org)
        * OpenCloud (org.mcavallo:opencloud:0.3 - http://opencloud.mcavallo.org/)
-        * Mockito (org.mockito:mockito-all:1.10.19 - http://www.mockito.org)
-        * Mockito (org.mockito:mockito-core:1.9.5 - http://www.mockito.org)
-        * Objenesis (org.objenesis:objenesis:1.0 - http://objenesis.googlecode.com/svn/docs/index.html)
+        * Mockito (org.mockito:mockito-core:1.10.19 - http://www.mockito.org)
        * JCL 1.1.1 implemented over SLF4J (org.slf4j:jcl-over-slf4j:1.7.14 - http://www.slf4j.org)
        * JUL to SLF4J bridge (org.slf4j:jul-to-slf4j:1.7.14 - http://www.slf4j.org)
        * SLF4J API Module (org.slf4j:slf4j-api:1.7.14 - http://www.slf4j.org)
-        * SLF4J JDK14 Binding (org.slf4j:slf4j-jdk14:1.7.14 - http://www.slf4j.org)
        * SLF4J LOG4J-12 Binding (org.slf4j:slf4j-log4j12:1.7.14 - http://www.slf4j.org)

    Mozilla Public License:
@@ -430,7 +417,7 @@ https://wiki.duraspace.org/display/DSPACE/Code+Contribution+Guidelines

    The PostgreSQL License:

-        * PostgreSQL JDBC Driver (org.postgresql:postgresql:9.4-1206-jdbc41 - http://jdbc.postgresql.org)
+        * PostgreSQL JDBC Driver - JDBC 4.2 (org.postgresql:postgresql:9.4.1211 - https://github.com/pgjdbc/pgjdbc)

    license.txt:

--- a/README.md
+++ b/README.md
@@ -1,6 +1,9 @@

 # DSpace

+## NOTE: The rest-tutorial branch has been created to support the [DSpace 7 REST documentation](https://dspace-labs.github.io/DSpace7RestTutorial/walkthrough/intro)
+- This branch provides stable, referencable line numbers in code
+
 [![Build Status](https://travis-ci.org/DSpace/DSpace.png?branch=master)](https://travis-ci.org/DSpace/DSpace)

 [DSpace Documentation](https://wiki.duraspace.org/display/DSDOC/) | 
@@ -9,9 +12,20 @@
 [Support](https://wiki.duraspace.org/display/DSPACE/Support)

 DSpace open source software is a turnkey repository application used by more than 
-1000+ organizations and institutions worldwide to provide durable access to digital resources.
+2,000 organizations and institutions worldwide to provide durable access to digital resources.
 For more information, visit http://www.dspace.org/

+***
+:warning: **Work on DSpace 7 has begun on our `master` branch.** This means that there is temporarily NO user interface on this `master` branch. DSpace 7 will feature a new, unified [Angular](https://angular.io/) user interface, along with an enhanced, rebuilt REST API. The latest status of this work can be found on the [DSpace 7 UI Working Group](https://wiki.duraspace.org/display/DSPACE/DSpace+7+UI+Working+Group) page.  Additionally, the codebases can be found in the following places:
+  * DSpace 7 REST API work is occurring on the [`master` branch](https://github.com/DSpace/DSpace/tree/master/dspace-spring-rest) of this repository.
+     * The REST Contract is being documented at https://github.com/DSpace/Rest7Contract
+  * DSpace 7 Angular UI work is occurring at https://github.com/DSpace/dspace-angular
+  
+**If you would like to get involved in our DSpace 7 development effort, we welcome new contributors.** Just join one of our meetings or get in touch via Slack. See the [DSpace 7 UI Working Group](https://wiki.duraspace.org/display/DSPACE/DSpace+7+UI+Working+Group) wiki page for more info.
+
+**If you are looking for the ongoing maintenance work for DSpace 6 (or prior releases)**, you can find that work on the corresponding maintenance branch (e.g. [`dspace-6_x`](https://github.com/DSpace/DSpace/tree/dspace-6_x)) in this repository.
+***
+
 ## Downloads

 The latest release of DSpace can be downloaded from the [DSpace website](http://www.dspace.org/latest-release/) or from [GitHub](https://github.com/DSpace/DSpace/releases).
@@ -53,6 +67,8 @@ We welcome everyone to participate in these lists:
 * [dspace-tech@googlegroups.com](https://groups.google.com/d/forum/dspace-tech) : Technical support mailing list. See also our guide for [How to troubleshoot an error](https://wiki.duraspace.org/display/DSPACE/Troubleshoot+an+error).
 * [dspace-devel@googlegroups.com](https://groups.google.com/d/forum/dspace-devel) : Developers / Development mailing list

+Great Q&A is also available under the [DSpace tag on Stackoverflow](http://stackoverflow.com/questions/tagged/dspace)
+
 Additional support options are listed at https://wiki.duraspace.org/display/DSPACE/Support

 DSpace also has an active service provider network. If you'd rather hire a service provider to 
--- a/checkstyle-suppressions.xml
+++ b/checkstyle-suppressions.xml
@@ -0,0 +1,10 @@
+<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
+<!DOCTYPE suppressions PUBLIC
+        "-//Puppy Crawl//DTD Suppressions 1.2//EN"
+        "http://checkstyle.sourceforge.net/dtds/suppressions_1_2.dtd">
+<suppressions>
+    <!-- Temporarily suppress indentation checks for all Tests -->
+    <!-- TODO: We should have these turned on. But, currently there's a known bug with indentation checks
+         on JMockIt Expectations blocks and similar. See https://github.com/checkstyle/checkstyle/issues/3739 -->
+    <suppress checks="Indentation" files="src[/\\]test[/\\]java"/>
+</suppressions>
--- a/checkstyle.xml
+++ b/checkstyle.xml
@@ -0,0 +1,144 @@
+<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
+<!DOCTYPE module PUBLIC
+        "-//Puppy Crawl//DTD Check Configuration 1.3//EN"
+        "http://checkstyle.sourceforge.net/dtds/configuration_1_3.dtd">
+<!--
+DSpace CodeStyle Requirements
+
+  1. 4-space indents for Java, and 2-space indents for XML. NO TABS ALLOWED.
+  2. K&R style braces required. Braces required on all blocks.
+  3. Do not use wildcard imports (e.g. import java.util.*). Duplicated or unused imports also not allowed.
+  4. Javadocs should exist for all public classes and methods. (Methods rule is unenforced at this time.) Keep it short and to the point
+  5. Maximum line length is 120 characters (except for long URLs, packages or imports)
+  6. No trailing spaces allowed (except in comments)
+  7. Tokens should be surrounded by whitespace (see http://checkstyle.sourceforge.net/config_whitespace.html#WhitespaceAround)
+  8. Each source file must include our license header (validated separately by license-maven-plugin, see pom.xml)
+
+For more information on CheckStyle configurations below, see: http://checkstyle.sourceforge.net/checks.html
+-->
+<module name="Checker">
+    <!-- Configure checker to use UTF-8 encoding -->
+    <property name="charset" value="UTF-8"/>
+    <!-- Configure checker to run on files with these extensions -->
+    <property name="fileExtensions" value="java, properties, cfg, xml"/>
+
+    <!-- Suppression configurations in checkstyle-suppressions.xml in same directory -->
+    <module name="SuppressionFilter">
+        <property name="file" value="${checkstyle.suppressions.file}" default="checkstyle-suppressions.xml"/>
+    </module>
+
+    <!-- No tab characters ('\t') allowed in the source code -->
+    <module name="FileTabCharacter">
+        <property name="eachLine" value="true"/>
+        <property name="fileExtensions" value="java, properties, cfg, css, js, xml"/>
+    </module>
+
+    <!-- No Trailing Whitespace, except on lines that only have an asterisk (e.g. Javadoc comments) -->
+    <module name="RegexpSingleline">
+        <property name="format" value="(?&lt;!\*)\s+$|\*\s\s+$"/>
+        <property name="message" value="Line has trailing whitespace"/>
+        <property name="fileExtensions" value="java, properties, cfg, css, js, xml"/>
+    </module>
+
+    <!-- Allow individual lines of code to be excluded from these rules, if they are annotated
+         with @SuppressWarnings. See also SuppressWarningsHolder below -->
+    <module name="SuppressWarningsFilter" />
+
+    <!-- Check individual Java source files for specific rules -->
+    <module name="TreeWalker">
+        <!-- Maximum line length is 120 characters -->
+        <module name="LineLength">
+            <property name="max" value="120"/>
+            <!-- Only exceptions for packages, imports, URLs, and JavaDoc {@link} tags -->
+            <property name="ignorePattern" value="^package.*|^import.*|http://|https://|@link"/>
+        </module>
+
+        <!-- Highlight any TODO or FIXME comments in info messages -->
+        <module name="TodoComment">
+            <property name="severity" value="info"/>
+            <property name="format" value="(TODO)|(FIXME)"/>
+        </module>
+
+        <!-- Do not report errors on any lines annotated with @SuppressWarnings -->
+        <module name="SuppressWarningsHolder"/>
+
+        <!-- ##### Import statement requirements ##### -->
+        <!-- Star imports (e.g. import java.util.*) are NOT ALLOWED -->
+        <module name="AvoidStarImport"/>
+        <!-- Redundant import statements are NOT ALLOWED -->
+        <module name="RedundantImport"/>
+        <!-- Unused import statements are NOT ALLOWED -->
+        <module name="UnusedImports"/>
+        <!-- Ensure imports appear alphabetically and grouped -->
+        <module name="CustomImportOrder">
+            <property name="sortImportsInGroupAlphabetically" value="true"/>
+            <property name="separateLineBetweenGroups" value="true"/>
+            <property name="customImportOrderRules" value="STATIC###STANDARD_JAVA_PACKAGE###THIRD_PARTY_PACKAGE"/>
+        </module>
+
+        <!-- ##### Javadocs requirements ##### -->
+        <!-- Requirements for Javadocs for classes/interfaces -->
+        <module name="JavadocType">
+            <!-- All public classes/interfaces MUST HAVE Javadocs -->
+            <property name="scope" value="public"/>
+            <!-- Add an exception for anonymous inner classes -->
+            <property name="excludeScope" value="anoninner"/>
+            <!-- Ignore errors related to unknown tags -->
+            <property name="allowUnknownTags" value="true"/>
+            <!-- Allow params tags to be optional -->
+            <property name="allowMissingParamTags" value="false"/>
+        </module>
+        <!-- Requirements for Javadocs for methods -->
+        <module name="JavadocMethod">
+            <!-- All public methods MUST HAVE Javadocs -->
+            <!-- <property name="scope" value="public"/> -->
+            <!-- TODO: Above rule has been disabled because of large amount of missing public method Javadocs -->
+            <property name="scope" value="nothing"/>
+            <!-- Allow RuntimeExceptions to be undeclared -->
+            <property name="allowUndeclaredRTE" value="true"/>
+            <!-- Allow params, throws and return tags to be optional -->
+            <property name="allowMissingParamTags" value="true"/>
+            <property name="allowMissingThrowsTags" value="true"/>
+            <property name="allowMissingReturnTag" value="true"/>
+        </module>
+
+        <!-- ##### Requirements for K&R Style braces ##### -->
+        <!-- Code blocks MUST HAVE braces, even single line statements (if, while, etc) -->
+        <module name="NeedBraces"/>
+        <!-- Left braces should be at the end of current line (default value)-->
+        <module name="LeftCurly"/>
+        <!-- Right braces should be on start of a new line (default value) -->
+        <module name="RightCurly"/>
+
+        <!-- ##### Indentation / Whitespace requirements ##### -->
+        <!-- Require 4-space indentation (default value) -->
+        <module name="Indentation"/>
+        <!-- Whitespace should exist around all major tokens -->
+        <module name="WhitespaceAround">
+            <!-- However, make an exception for empty constructors, methods, types, etc. -->
+            <property name="allowEmptyConstructors" value="true"/>
+            <property name="allowEmptyMethods" value="true"/>
+            <property name="allowEmptyTypes" value="true"/>
+            <property name="allowEmptyLoops" value="true"/>
+        </module>
+        <!-- Validate whitespace around Generics (angle brackets) per typical conventions
+             http://checkstyle.sourceforge.net/config_whitespace.html#GenericWhitespace -->
+        <module name="GenericWhitespace"/>
+
+        <!-- ##### Requirements for "switch" statements ##### -->
+        <!-- "switch" statements MUST have a "default" clause -->
+        <module name="MissingSwitchDefault"/>
+        <!-- "case" clauses in switch statements MUST include break, return, throw or continue -->
+        <module name="FallThrough"/>
+
+        <!-- ##### Other / Miscellaneous requirements ##### -->
+        <!-- Require utility classes do not have a public constructor -->
+        <module name="HideUtilityClassConstructor"/>
+        <!-- Require each variable declaration is its own statement on its own line -->
+        <module name="MultipleVariableDeclarations"/>
+        <!-- Each line of code can only include one statement -->
+        <module name="OneStatementPerLine"/>
+        <!-- Require that "catch" statements are not empty (must at least contain a comment) -->
+        <module name="EmptyCatchBlock"/>
+    </module>
+</module>
--- a/dspace-api/pom.xml
+++ b/dspace-api/pom.xml
@@ -1,4 +1,5 @@
-<project xmlns="http://maven.apache.org/POM/4.0.0" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xsi:schemaLocation="http://maven.apache.org/POM/4.0.0 http://maven.apache.org/maven-v4_0_0.xsd">
+<project xmlns="http://maven.apache.org/POM/4.0.0" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance"
+         xsi:schemaLocation="http://maven.apache.org/POM/4.0.0 http://maven.apache.org/maven-v4_0_0.xsd">
    <modelVersion>4.0.0</modelVersion>
    <groupId>org.dspace</groupId>
    <artifactId>dspace-api</artifactId>
@@ -12,7 +13,7 @@
    <parent>
        <groupId>org.dspace</groupId>
        <artifactId>dspace-parent</artifactId>
-        <version>6.0-rc1</version>
+        <version>7.0-SNAPSHOT</version>
        <relativePath>..</relativePath>
    </parent>

@@ -205,14 +206,15 @@
                        <executions>
                            <execution>
                                <id>setproperty</id>
-                                <phase>generate-test-resources</phase> <!-- XXX I think this should be 'initialize' - MHW -->
+                                <phase>generate-test-resources
+                                </phase> <!-- XXX I think this should be 'initialize' - MHW -->
                                <goals>
                                    <goal>execute</goal>
                                </goals>
                                <configuration>
                                    <source>
-                                    project.properties['agnostic.build.dir']=project.build.directory.replace(File.separator,'/');
-                                    println("Initializing Maven property 'agnostic.build.dir' to: " + project.properties['agnostic.build.dir']);
+                                        project.properties['agnostic.build.dir'] = project.build.directory.replace(File.separator, '/');
+                                        println("Initializing Maven property 'agnostic.build.dir' to: " + project.properties['agnostic.build.dir']);
                                    </source>
                                </configuration>
                            </execution>
@@ -239,40 +241,39 @@
                        <artifactId>xml-maven-plugin</artifactId>
                        <version>1.0.1</version>
                        <executions>
-                          <execution>
-                            <id>validate-ALL-xml-and-xsl</id>
-                            <phase>process-test-resources</phase>
-                            <goals>
-                              <goal>validate</goal>
-                            </goals>
-                          </execution>
+                            <execution>
+                                <id>validate-ALL-xml-and-xsl</id>
+                                <phase>process-test-resources</phase>
+                                <goals>
+                                    <goal>validate</goal>
+                                </goals>
+                            </execution>
                        </executions>
                        <configuration>
-                          <validationSets>
-                            <!-- validate ALL XML and XSL config files in the testing folder -->
-                             <validationSet>
-                                 <dir>${agnostic.build.dir}/testing</dir>
-                                 <includes>
-                                     <include>**/*.xml</include>
-                                     <include>**/*.xsl</include>
-                                     <include>**/*.xconf</include>
-                                 </includes>
-                             </validationSet>
-                             <!-- validate ALL XML and XSL files throughout the project -->
-                             <validationSet>
-                                <dir>${root.basedir}</dir>
-                                 <includes>
-                                     <include>**/*.xml</include>
-                                     <include>**/*.xsl</include>
-                                     <include>**/*.xmap</include>
-                                 </includes>
-                              </validationSet>
-                          </validationSets>
+                            <validationSets>
+                                <!-- validate ALL XML and XSL config files in the testing folder -->
+                                <validationSet>
+                                    <dir>${agnostic.build.dir}/testing</dir>
+                                    <includes>
+                                        <include>**/*.xml</include>
+                                        <include>**/*.xsl</include>
+                                        <include>**/*.xconf</include>
+                                    </includes>
+                                </validationSet>
+                                <!-- validate ALL XML and XSL files throughout the project -->
+                                <validationSet>
+                                    <dir>${root.basedir}</dir>
+                                    <includes>
+                                        <include>**/*.xml</include>
+                                        <include>**/*.xsl</include>
+                                        <include>**/*.xmap</include>
+                                    </includes>
+                                </validationSet>
+                            </validationSets>
                        </configuration>
                    </plugin>


-
                    <!-- Run Integration Testing! This plugin just kicks off the tests (when enabled). -->
                    <plugin>
                        <artifactId>maven-failsafe-plugin</artifactId>
@@ -291,7 +292,6 @@
        </profile>
    </profiles>

-
    <dependencies>
        <dependency>
            <groupId>org.hibernate</groupId>
@@ -304,13 +304,24 @@
            </exclusions>
        </dependency>
        <dependency>
-        	<groupId>org.hibernate</groupId>
-        	<artifactId>hibernate-ehcache</artifactId>
+            <groupId>org.hibernate</groupId>
+            <artifactId>hibernate-ehcache</artifactId>
+        </dependency>
+        <dependency>
+           <groupId>org.hibernate</groupId>
+           <artifactId>hibernate-validator-cdi</artifactId>
+           <version>${hibernate-validator.version}</version>
        </dependency>
        <dependency>
            <groupId>org.springframework</groupId>
            <artifactId>spring-orm</artifactId>
        </dependency>
+        <dependency>
+            <groupId>org.glassfish</groupId>
+            <artifactId>javax.el</artifactId>
+            <version>3.0.1-b10</version>
+        </dependency>
+
        <dependency>
            <groupId>org.dspace</groupId>
            <artifactId>handle</artifactId>
@@ -354,6 +365,10 @@
            <groupId>commons-collections</groupId>
            <artifactId>commons-collections</artifactId>
        </dependency>
+        <dependency>
+            <groupId>org.apache.commons</groupId>
+            <artifactId>commons-collections4</artifactId>
+        </dependency>
        <dependency>
            <groupId>org.apache.commons</groupId>
            <artifactId>commons-dbcp2</artifactId>
@@ -415,8 +430,8 @@
            <artifactId>pdfbox</artifactId>
        </dependency>
        <dependency>
-           <groupId>org.apache.pdfbox</groupId>
-           <artifactId>fontbox</artifactId>
+            <groupId>org.apache.pdfbox</groupId>
+            <artifactId>fontbox</artifactId>
        </dependency>
        <dependency>
            <groupId>org.bouncycastle</groupId>
@@ -434,10 +449,6 @@
            <groupId>org.apache.poi</groupId>
            <artifactId>poi-scratchpad</artifactId>
        </dependency>
-        <dependency>
-            <groupId>org.apache.poi</groupId>
-            <artifactId>poi-ooxml</artifactId>
-        </dependency>
        <dependency>
            <groupId>rome</groupId>
            <artifactId>rome</artifactId>
@@ -501,10 +512,11 @@
            <scope>test</scope>
        </dependency>
        <dependency>
-            <groupId>org.databene</groupId>
-            <artifactId>contiperf</artifactId>
+            <groupId>org.mockito</groupId>
+            <artifactId>mockito-core</artifactId>
            <scope>test</scope>
        </dependency>
+
        <dependency>
            <groupId>org.rometools</groupId>
            <artifactId>rome-modules</artifactId>
@@ -568,9 +580,9 @@
            <artifactId>commons-configuration</artifactId>
        </dependency>
        <dependency>
-            <groupId>com.maxmind.geoip</groupId>
-            <artifactId>geoip-api</artifactId>
-            <version>1.3.0</version>
+            <groupId>com.maxmind.geoip2</groupId>
+            <artifactId>geoip2</artifactId>
+            <version>2.11.0</version>
        </dependency>
        <dependency>
            <groupId>org.apache.ant</groupId>
@@ -583,9 +595,9 @@
        </dependency>

        <dependency>
-            <groupId>org.elasticsearch</groupId>
-            <artifactId>elasticsearch</artifactId>
-            <version>1.4.0</version>
+            <groupId>org.apache.lucene</groupId>
+            <artifactId>lucene-core</artifactId>
+            <version>4.10.4</version>
        </dependency>

        <dependency>
@@ -635,7 +647,7 @@
        <dependency>
            <groupId>org.flywaydb</groupId>
            <artifactId>flyway-core</artifactId>
-            <version>3.2.1</version>
+            <version>4.0.3</version>
        </dependency>

        <!-- Google Analytics -->
@@ -671,7 +683,6 @@
        <dependency>
            <groupId>joda-time</groupId>
            <artifactId>joda-time</artifactId>
-            <version>2.9.2</version>
        </dependency>
        <dependency>
            <groupId>javax.inject</groupId>
@@ -683,18 +694,20 @@
        <dependency>
            <groupId>org.apache.ws.commons.axiom</groupId>
            <artifactId>axiom-impl</artifactId>
-            <version>1.2.17</version>
+            <!-- NOTE: SWORDv2 needs 1.2.14, required by Abdera: https://abdera.apache.org/ -->
+            <version>1.2.14</version>
        </dependency>

        <dependency>
            <groupId>org.apache.ws.commons.axiom</groupId>
            <artifactId>axiom-api</artifactId>
-            <version>1.2.17</version>
+            <!-- NOTE: SWORDv2 needs 1.2.14, required by Abdera: https://abdera.apache.org/ -->
+            <version>1.2.14</version>
        </dependency>
        <dependency>
            <groupId>org.glassfish.jersey.core</groupId>
            <artifactId>jersey-client</artifactId>
-            <version>2.22.1</version>
+            <version>${jersey.version}</version>
        </dependency>
        <!-- S3 -->
        <dependency>
@@ -716,17 +729,10 @@
        <dependency>
            <groupId>com.fasterxml.jackson.core</groupId>
            <artifactId>jackson-core</artifactId>
-            <version>2.7.0</version>
        </dependency>
        <dependency>
            <groupId>com.fasterxml.jackson.core</groupId>
            <artifactId>jackson-databind</artifactId>
-            <version>2.7.0</version>
-        </dependency>
-        <dependency>
-            <groupId>com.fasterxml.jackson.core</groupId>
-            <artifactId>jackson-annotations</artifactId>
-            <version>2.7.0</version>
        </dependency>
    </dependencies>

--- a/dspace-api/src/main/java/org/apache/solr/handler/extraction/ExtractingParams.java
+++ b/dspace-api/src/main/java/org/apache/solr/handler/extraction/ExtractingParams.java
@@ -19,147 +19,145 @@ package org.apache.solr.handler.extraction;

 /**
 * The various Solr Parameters names to use when extracting content.
- *
 **/
 public interface ExtractingParams {

-  /**
-   * Map all generated attribute names to field names with lowercase and underscores.
-   */
-  public static final String LOWERNAMES = "lowernames";
+    /**
+     * Map all generated attribute names to field names with lowercase and underscores.
+     */
+    public static final String LOWERNAMES = "lowernames";

-  /**
-   * if true, ignore TikaException (give up to extract text but index meta data)
-   */
-  public static final String IGNORE_TIKA_EXCEPTION = "ignoreTikaException";
+    /**
+     * if true, ignore TikaException (give up to extract text but index meta data)
+     */
+    public static final String IGNORE_TIKA_EXCEPTION = "ignoreTikaException";


-  /**
-   * The param prefix for mapping Tika metadata to Solr fields.
-   * <p/>
-   * To map a field, add a name like:
-   * <pre>fmap.title=solr.title</pre>
-   *
-   * In this example, the tika "title" metadata value will be added to a Solr field named "solr.title"
-   *
-   *
-   */
-  public static final String MAP_PREFIX = "fmap.";
+    /**
+     * The param prefix for mapping Tika metadata to Solr fields.
+     * <p>
+     * To map a field, add a name like:
+     * <pre>fmap.title=solr.title</pre>
+     *
+     * In this example, the tika "title" metadata value will be added to a Solr field named "solr.title"
+     */
+    public static final String MAP_PREFIX = "fmap.";

-  /**
-   * The boost value for the name of the field.  The boost can be specified by a name mapping.
-   * <p/>
-   * For example
-   * <pre>
-   * map.title=solr.title
-   * boost.solr.title=2.5
-   * </pre>
-   * will boost the solr.title field for this document by 2.5
-   *
-   */
-  public static final String BOOST_PREFIX = "boost.";
+    /**
+     * The boost value for the name of the field.  The boost can be specified by a name mapping.
+     * <p>
+     * For example
+     * <pre>
+     * map.title=solr.title
+     * boost.solr.title=2.5
+     * </pre>
+     * will boost the solr.title field for this document by 2.5
+     */
+    public static final String BOOST_PREFIX = "boost.";

-  /**
-   * Pass in literal values to be added to the document, as in
-   * <pre>
-   *  literal.myField=Foo 
-   * </pre>
-   *
-   */
-  public static final String LITERALS_PREFIX = "literal.";
+    /**
+     * Pass in literal values to be added to the document, as in
+     * <pre>
+     *  literal.myField=Foo
+     * </pre>
+     */
+    public static final String LITERALS_PREFIX = "literal.";


-  /**
-   * Restrict the extracted parts of a document to be indexed
-   *  by passing in an XPath expression.  All content that satisfies the XPath expr.
-   * will be passed to the {@link SolrContentHandler}.
-   * <p/>
-   * See Tika's docs for what the extracted document looks like.
-   * <p/>
-   * @see #CAPTURE_ELEMENTS
-   */
-  public static final String XPATH_EXPRESSION = "xpath";
+    /**
+     * Restrict the extracted parts of a document to be indexed
+     * by passing in an XPath expression.  All content that satisfies the XPath expr.
+     * will be passed to the {@link org.apache.solr.handler.extraction.SolrContentHandler}.
+     * <p>
+     * See Tika's docs for what the extracted document looks like.
+     *
+     * @see #CAPTURE_ELEMENTS
+     */
+    public static final String XPATH_EXPRESSION = "xpath";


-  /**
-   * Only extract and return the content, do not index it.
-   */
-  public static final String EXTRACT_ONLY = "extractOnly";
+    /**
+     * Only extract and return the content, do not index it.
+     */
+    public static final String EXTRACT_ONLY = "extractOnly";

-  /**
-   * Content output format if extractOnly is true. Default is "xml", alternative is "text".
-   */
-  public static final String EXTRACT_FORMAT = "extractFormat";
+    /**
+     * Content output format if extractOnly is true. Default is "xml", alternative is "text".
+     */
+    public static final String EXTRACT_FORMAT = "extractFormat";

-  /**
-   * Capture attributes separately according to the name of the element, instead of just adding them to the string buffer
-   */
-  public static final String CAPTURE_ATTRIBUTES = "captureAttr";
+    /**
+     * Capture attributes separately according to the name of the element, instead of just adding them to the string
+     * buffer
+     */
+    public static final String CAPTURE_ATTRIBUTES = "captureAttr";

-  /**
-   * Literal field values will by default override other values such as metadata and content. Set this to false to revert to pre-4.0 behaviour
-   */
-  public static final String LITERALS_OVERRIDE = "literalsOverride";
+    /**
+     * Literal field values will by default override other values such as metadata and content. Set this to false to
+     * revert to pre-4.0 behaviour
+     */
+    public static final String LITERALS_OVERRIDE = "literalsOverride";

-  /**
-   * Capture the specified fields (and everything included below it that isn't capture by some other capture field) separately from the default.  This is different
-   * then the case of passing in an XPath expression.
-   * <p/>
-   * The Capture field is based on the localName returned to the {@link SolrContentHandler}
-   * by Tika, not to be confused by the mapped field.  The field name can then
-   * be mapped into the index schema.
-   * <p/>
-   * For instance, a Tika document may look like:
-   * <pre>
-   *  &lt;html&gt;
-   *    ...
-   *    &lt;body&gt;
-   *      &lt;p&gt;some text here.  &lt;div&gt;more text&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/p&gt;
-   *      Some more text
-   *    &lt;/body&gt;
-   * </pre>
-   * By passing in the p tag, you could capture all P tags separately from the rest of the t
-   * Thus, in the example, the capture of the P tag would be: "some text here.  more text"
-   *
-   */
-  public static final String CAPTURE_ELEMENTS = "capture";
+    /**
+     * Capture the specified fields (and everything included below it that isn't capture by some other capture field)
+     * separately from the default.  This is different
+     * then the case of passing in an XPath expression.
+     * <p>
+     * The Capture field is based on the localName returned to the
+     * {@link org.apache.solr.handler.extraction.SolrContentHandler}
+     * by Tika, not to be confused by the mapped field.  The field name can then
+     * be mapped into the index schema.
+     * <p>
+     * For instance, a Tika document may look like:
+     * <pre>
+     *  &lt;html&gt;
+     *    ...
+     *    &lt;body&gt;
+     *      &lt;p&gt;some text here.  &lt;div&gt;more text&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/p&gt;
+     *      Some more text
+     *    &lt;/body&gt;
+     * </pre>
+     * By passing in the p tag, you could capture all P tags separately from the rest of the t
+     * Thus, in the example, the capture of the P tag would be: "some text here.  more text"
+     */
+    public static final String CAPTURE_ELEMENTS = "capture";

-  /**
-   * The type of the stream.  If not specified, Tika will use mime type detection.
-   */
-  public static final String STREAM_TYPE = "stream.type";
+    /**
+     * The type of the stream.  If not specified, Tika will use mime type detection.
+     */
+    public static final String STREAM_TYPE = "stream.type";


-  /**
-   * Optional.  The file name. If specified, Tika can take this into account while
-   * guessing the MIME type.
-   */
-  public static final String RESOURCE_NAME = "resource.name";
+    /**
+     * Optional.  The file name. If specified, Tika can take this into account while
+     * guessing the MIME type.
+     */
+    public static final String RESOURCE_NAME = "resource.name";

-  /**
-   * Optional. The password for this resource. Will be used instead of the rule based password lookup mechanisms 
-   */
-  public static final String RESOURCE_PASSWORD = "resource.password";
+    /**
+     * Optional. The password for this resource. Will be used instead of the rule based password lookup mechanisms
+     */
+    public static final String RESOURCE_PASSWORD = "resource.password";

-  /**
-   * Optional.  If specified, the prefix will be prepended to all Metadata, such that it would be possible
-   * to setup a dynamic field to automatically capture it
-   */
-  public static final String UNKNOWN_FIELD_PREFIX = "uprefix";
+    /**
+     * Optional.  If specified, the prefix will be prepended to all Metadata, such that it would be possible
+     * to setup a dynamic field to automatically capture it
+     */
+    public static final String UNKNOWN_FIELD_PREFIX = "uprefix";

-  /**
-   * Optional.  If specified and the name of a potential field cannot be determined, the default Field specified
-   * will be used instead.
-   */
-  public static final String DEFAULT_FIELD = "defaultField";
+    /**
+     * Optional.  If specified and the name of a potential field cannot be determined, the default Field specified
+     * will be used instead.
+     */
+    public static final String DEFAULT_FIELD = "defaultField";

-  /**
-   * Optional. If specified, loads the file as a source for password lookups for Tika encrypted documents.
-   * <p>
-   * File format is Java properties format with one key=value per line.
-   * The key is evaluated as a regex against the file name, and the value is the password
-   * The rules are evaluated top-bottom, i.e. the first match will be used
-   * If you want a fallback password to be always used, supply a .*=&lt;defaultmypassword&gt; at the end  
-   */
-  public static final String PASSWORD_MAP_FILE = "passwordsFile";
+    /**
+     * Optional. If specified, loads the file as a source for password lookups for Tika encrypted documents.
+     * <p>
+     * File format is Java properties format with one key=value per line.
+     * The key is evaluated as a regex against the file name, and the value is the password
+     * The rules are evaluated top-bottom, i.e. the first match will be used
+     * If you want a fallback password to be always used, supply a .*=&lt;defaultmypassword&gt; at the end
+     */
+    public static final String PASSWORD_MAP_FILE = "passwordsFile";
 }
--- a/dspace-api/src/main/java/org/dspace/administer/CommunityFiliator.java
+++ b/dspace-api/src/main/java/org/dspace/administer/CommunityFiliator.java
@@ -30,13 +30,12 @@ import org.dspace.handle.service.HandleService;
 /**
 * A command-line tool for setting/removing community/sub-community
 * relationships. Takes community DB Id or handle arguments as inputs.
- * 
+ *
 * @author rrodgers
 * @version $Revision$
 */

-public class CommunityFiliator
-{
+public class CommunityFiliator {

    protected CommunityService communityService;
    protected HandleService handleService;
@@ -46,8 +45,11 @@ public class CommunityFiliator
        handleService = HandleServiceFactory.getInstance().getHandleService();
    }

-    public static void main(String[] argv) throws Exception
-    {
+    /**
+     * @param argv the command line arguments given
+     * @throws Exception if error
+     */
+    public static void main(String[] argv) throws Exception {
        // create an options object and populate it
        CommandLineParser parser = new PosixParser();

@@ -55,11 +57,11 @@ public class CommunityFiliator

        options.addOption("s", "set", false, "set a parent/child relationship");
        options.addOption("r", "remove", false,
-                "remove a parent/child relationship");
+                          "remove a parent/child relationship");
        options.addOption("p", "parent", true,
-                "parent community (handle or database ID)");
+                          "parent community (handle or database ID)");
        options.addOption("c", "child", true,
-                "child community (handle or databaseID)");
+                          "child community (handle or databaseID)");
        options.addOption("h", "help", false, "help");

        CommandLine line = parser.parse(options, argv);
@@ -68,57 +70,48 @@ public class CommunityFiliator
        String parentID = null;
        String childID = null;

-        if (line.hasOption('h'))
-        {
+        if (line.hasOption('h')) {
            HelpFormatter myhelp = new HelpFormatter();
            myhelp.printHelp("CommunityFiliator\n", options);
            System.out
-                    .println("\nestablish a relationship: CommunityFiliator -s -p parentID -c childID");
+                .println("\nestablish a relationship: CommunityFiliator -s -p parentID -c childID");
            System.out
-                    .println("remove a relationship: CommunityFiliator -r -p parentID -c childID");
+                .println("remove a relationship: CommunityFiliator -r -p parentID -c childID");

            System.exit(0);
        }

-        if (line.hasOption('s'))
-        {
+        if (line.hasOption('s')) {
            command = "set";
        }

-        if (line.hasOption('r'))
-        {
+        if (line.hasOption('r')) {
            command = "remove";
        }

-        if (line.hasOption('p')) // parent
-        {
+        if (line.hasOption('p')) { // parent
            parentID = line.getOptionValue('p');
        }

-        if (line.hasOption('c')) // child
-        {
+        if (line.hasOption('c')) { // child
            childID = line.getOptionValue('c');
        }

        // now validate
        // must have a command set
-        if (command == null)
-        {
+        if (command == null) {
            System.out
-                    .println("Error - must run with either set or remove (run with -h flag for details)");
+                .println("Error - must run with either set or remove (run with -h flag for details)");
            System.exit(1);
        }

-        if ("set".equals(command) || "remove".equals(command))
-        {
-            if (parentID == null)
-            {
+        if ("set".equals(command) || "remove".equals(command)) {
+            if (parentID == null) {
                System.out.println("Error - a parentID must be specified (run with -h flag for details)");
                System.exit(1);
            }

-            if (childID == null)
-            {
+            if (childID == null) {
                System.out.println("Error - a childID must be specified (run with -h flag for details)");
                System.exit(1);
            }
@@ -127,65 +120,60 @@ public class CommunityFiliator
        CommunityFiliator filiator = new CommunityFiliator();
        Context c = new Context();

-        // ve are superuser!
-        c.setIgnoreAuthorization(true);
+        // we are superuser!
+        c.turnOffAuthorisationSystem();

-        try
-        {
+        try {
            // validate and resolve the parent and child IDs into commmunities
            Community parent = filiator.resolveCommunity(c, parentID);
            Community child = filiator.resolveCommunity(c, childID);

-            if (parent == null)
-            {
+            if (parent == null) {
                System.out.println("Error, parent community cannot be found: "
-                        + parentID);
+                                       + parentID);
                System.exit(1);
            }

-            if (child == null)
-            {
+            if (child == null) {
                System.out.println("Error, child community cannot be found: "
-                        + childID);
+                                       + childID);
                System.exit(1);
            }

-            if ("set".equals(command))
-            {
+            if ("set".equals(command)) {
                filiator.filiate(c, parent, child);
-            }
-            else
-            {
+            } else {
                filiator.defiliate(c, parent, child);
            }
-        }
-        catch (SQLException sqlE)
-        {
+        } catch (SQLException sqlE) {
            System.out.println("Error - SQL exception: " + sqlE.toString());
-        }
-        catch (AuthorizeException authE)
-        {
+        } catch (AuthorizeException authE) {
            System.out.println("Error - Authorize exception: "
-                    + authE.toString());
-        }
-        catch (IOException ioE)
-        {
+                                   + authE.toString());
+        } catch (IOException ioE) {
            System.out.println("Error - IO exception: " + ioE.toString());
        }
    }

+    /**
+     * @param c      context
+     * @param parent parent Community
+     * @param child  child community
+     * @throws SQLException       if database error
+     * @throws AuthorizeException if authorize error
+     * @throws IOException        if IO error
+     */
    public void filiate(Context c, Community parent, Community child)
-            throws SQLException, AuthorizeException, IOException
-    {
+        throws SQLException, AuthorizeException, IOException {
        // check that a valid filiation would be established
        // first test - proposed child must currently be an orphan (i.e.
        // top-level)
-        Community childDad = CollectionUtils.isNotEmpty(child.getParentCommunities()) ? child.getParentCommunities().iterator().next() : null;
+        Community childDad = CollectionUtils.isNotEmpty(child.getParentCommunities()) ? child.getParentCommunities()
+                                                                                             .iterator().next() : null;

-        if (childDad != null)
-        {
+        if (childDad != null) {
            System.out.println("Error, child community: " + child.getID()
-                    + " already a child of: " + childDad.getID());
+                                   + " already a child of: " + childDad.getID());
            System.exit(1);
        }

@@ -193,12 +181,10 @@ public class CommunityFiliator
        // child
        List<Community> parentDads = parent.getParentCommunities();

-        for (int i = 0; i < parentDads.size(); i++)
-        {
-            if (parentDads.get(i).getID().equals(child.getID()))
-            {
+        for (int i = 0; i < parentDads.size(); i++) {
+            if (parentDads.get(i).getID().equals(child.getID())) {
                System.out
-                        .println("Error, circular parentage - child is parent of parent");
+                    .println("Error, circular parentage - child is parent of parent");
                System.exit(1);
            }
        }
@@ -209,30 +195,34 @@ public class CommunityFiliator
        // complete the pending transaction
        c.complete();
        System.out.println("Filiation complete. Community: '" + parent.getID()
-                + "' is parent of community: '" + child.getID() + "'");
+                               + "' is parent of community: '" + child.getID() + "'");
    }

+    /**
+     * @param c      context
+     * @param parent parent Community
+     * @param child  child community
+     * @throws SQLException       if database error
+     * @throws AuthorizeException if authorize error
+     * @throws IOException        if IO error
+     */
    public void defiliate(Context c, Community parent, Community child)
-            throws SQLException, AuthorizeException, IOException
-    {
+        throws SQLException, AuthorizeException, IOException {
        // verify that child is indeed a child of parent
        List<Community> parentKids = parent.getSubcommunities();
        boolean isChild = false;

-        for (int i = 0; i < parentKids.size(); i++)
-        {
-            if (parentKids.get(i).getID().equals(child.getID()))
-            {
+        for (int i = 0; i < parentKids.size(); i++) {
+            if (parentKids.get(i).getID().equals(child.getID())) {
                isChild = true;

                break;
            }
        }

-        if (!isChild)
-        {
+        if (!isChild) {
            System.out
-                    .println("Error, child community not a child of parent community");
+                .println("Error, child community not a child of parent community");
            System.exit(1);
        }

@@ -246,30 +236,33 @@ public class CommunityFiliator
        // complete the pending transaction
        c.complete();
        System.out.println("Defiliation complete. Community: '" + child.getID()
-                + "' is no longer a child of community: '" + parent.getID()
-                + "'");
+                               + "' is no longer a child of community: '" + parent.getID()
+                               + "'");
    }

+    /**
+     * Find a community by ID
+     *
+     * @param c           context
+     * @param communityID community ID
+     * @return Community object
+     * @throws SQLException if database error
+     */
    protected Community resolveCommunity(Context c, String communityID)
-            throws SQLException
-    {
+        throws SQLException {
        Community community = null;

-        if (communityID.indexOf('/') != -1)
-        {
+        if (communityID.indexOf('/') != -1) {
            // has a / must be a handle
            community = (Community) handleService.resolveToObject(c,
-                    communityID);
+                                                                  communityID);

            // ensure it's a community
            if ((community == null)
-                    || (community.getType() != Constants.COMMUNITY))
-            {
+                || (community.getType() != Constants.COMMUNITY)) {
                community = null;
            }
-        }
-        else
-        {
+        } else {
            community = communityService.find(c, UUID.fromString(communityID));
        }

--- a/dspace-api/src/main/java/org/dspace/administer/CreateAdministrator.java
+++ b/dspace-api/src/main/java/org/dspace/administer/CreateAdministrator.java
@@ -15,7 +15,6 @@ import org.apache.commons.cli.CommandLine;
 import org.apache.commons.cli.CommandLineParser;
 import org.apache.commons.cli.Options;
 import org.apache.commons.cli.PosixParser;
-
 import org.apache.commons.lang.StringUtils;
 import org.dspace.core.ConfigurationManager;
 import org.dspace.core.Context;
@@ -34,21 +33,21 @@ import org.dspace.eperson.service.GroupService;
 * <P>
 * Alternatively, it can be used to take the email, first name, last name and
 * desired password as arguments thus:
- * 
+ *
 * CreateAdministrator -e [email] -f [first name] -l [last name] -p [password]
- * 
- * This is particularly convenient for automated deploy scripts that require an 
+ *
+ * This is particularly convenient for automated deploy scripts that require an
 * initial administrator, for example, before deployment can be completed
- * 
+ *
 * @author Robert Tansley
 * @author Richard Jones
- * 
 * @version $Revision$
 */
-public final class CreateAdministrator
-{
-	/** DSpace Context object */
-	private final Context context;
+public final class CreateAdministrator {
+    /**
+     * DSpace Context object
+     */
+    private final Context context;

    protected EPersonService ePersonService;
    protected GroupService groupService;
@@ -56,221 +55,199 @@ public final class CreateAdministrator
    /**
     * For invoking via the command line.  If called with no command line arguments,
     * it will negotiate with the user for the administrator details
-     * 
-     * @param argv
-     *            command-line arguments
+     *
+     * @param argv the command line arguments given
+     * @throws Exception if error
     */
    public static void main(String[] argv)
-    	throws Exception
-    {
-    	CommandLineParser parser = new PosixParser();
-    	Options options = new Options();
-    	
-    	CreateAdministrator ca = new CreateAdministrator();
-    	
-    	options.addOption("e", "email", true, "administrator email address");
-    	options.addOption("f", "first", true, "administrator first name");
-    	options.addOption("l", "last", true, "administrator last name");
-    	options.addOption("c", "language", true, "administrator language");
-    	options.addOption("p", "password", true, "administrator password");
-    	
-    	CommandLine line = parser.parse(options, argv);
-    	
-    	if (line.hasOption("e") && line.hasOption("f") && line.hasOption("l") &&
-    			line.hasOption("c") && line.hasOption("p"))
-    	{
-    		ca.createAdministrator(line.getOptionValue("e"),
-    				line.getOptionValue("f"), line.getOptionValue("l"),
-    				line.getOptionValue("c"), line.getOptionValue("p"));
-    	}
-    	else
-    	{
-    		ca.negotiateAdministratorDetails();
-    	}
+        throws Exception {
+        CommandLineParser parser = new PosixParser();
+        Options options = new Options();
+
+        CreateAdministrator ca = new CreateAdministrator();
+
+        options.addOption("e", "email", true, "administrator email address");
+        options.addOption("f", "first", true, "administrator first name");
+        options.addOption("l", "last", true, "administrator last name");
+        options.addOption("c", "language", true, "administrator language");
+        options.addOption("p", "password", true, "administrator password");
+
+        CommandLine line = parser.parse(options, argv);
+
+        if (line.hasOption("e") && line.hasOption("f") && line.hasOption("l") &&
+            line.hasOption("c") && line.hasOption("p")) {
+            ca.createAdministrator(line.getOptionValue("e"),
+                                   line.getOptionValue("f"), line.getOptionValue("l"),
+                                   line.getOptionValue("c"), line.getOptionValue("p"));
+        } else {
+            ca.negotiateAdministratorDetails();
+        }
    }
-    
-    /** 
+
+    /**
     * constructor, which just creates and object with a ready context
-     * 
-     * @throws Exception
+     *
+     * @throws Exception if error
     */
    protected CreateAdministrator()
-    	throws Exception
-    {
-    	context = new Context();
+        throws Exception {
+        context = new Context();
        groupService = EPersonServiceFactory.getInstance().getGroupService();
        ePersonService = EPersonServiceFactory.getInstance().getEPersonService();
    }
-    
+
    /**
-     * Method which will negotiate with the user via the command line to 
+     * Method which will negotiate with the user via the command line to
     * obtain the administrator's details
-     * 
-     * @throws Exception
+     *
+     * @throws Exception if error
     */
    protected void negotiateAdministratorDetails()
-    	throws Exception
-    {
+        throws Exception {
        Console console = System.console();
-    	
-    	System.out.println("Creating an initial administrator account");
-    	
-    	boolean dataOK = false;
-    	
-    	String email = null;
-    	String firstName = null;
-    	String lastName = null;
+
+        System.out.println("Creating an initial administrator account");
+
+        boolean dataOK = false;
+
+        String email = null;
+        String firstName = null;
+        String lastName = null;
        char[] password1 = null;
        char[] password2 = null;
-    	String language = I18nUtil.DEFAULTLOCALE.getLanguage();
-    	
-    	while (!dataOK)
-    	{
-    		System.out.print("E-mail address: ");
-    		System.out.flush();
-    		
-    		email = console.readLine();
-            if (!StringUtils.isBlank(email))
-            {
+        String language = I18nUtil.DEFAULTLOCALE.getLanguage();
+
+        while (!dataOK) {
+            System.out.print("E-mail address: ");
+            System.out.flush();
+
+            email = console.readLine();
+            if (!StringUtils.isBlank(email)) {
                email = email.trim();
-            }
-            else
-            {
+            } else {
                System.out.println("Please provide an email address.");
                continue;
            }
-    		
-    		System.out.print("First name: ");
-    		System.out.flush();
-    		
-    		firstName = console.readLine();

-            if (firstName != null)
-            {
+            System.out.print("First name: ");
+            System.out.flush();
+
+            firstName = console.readLine();
+
+            if (firstName != null) {
                firstName = firstName.trim();
            }
-    		
-    		System.out.print("Last name: ");
-    		System.out.flush();
-    		
-    		lastName = console.readLine();

-            if (lastName != null)
-            {
+            System.out.print("Last name: ");
+            System.out.flush();
+
+            lastName = console.readLine();
+
+            if (lastName != null) {
                lastName = lastName.trim();
            }
-   		
-            if (ConfigurationManager.getProperty("webui.supported.locales") != null)
-            {
-                System.out.println("Select one of the following languages: " + ConfigurationManager.getProperty("webui.supported.locales"));
+
+            if (ConfigurationManager.getProperty("webui.supported.locales") != null) {
+                System.out.println("Select one of the following languages: " + ConfigurationManager
+                    .getProperty("webui.supported.locales"));
                System.out.print("Language: ");
                System.out.flush();
-            
-    		    language = console.readLine();

-                if (language != null)
-                {
+                language = console.readLine();
+
+                if (language != null) {
                    language = language.trim();
                    language = I18nUtil.getSupportedLocale(new Locale(language)).getLanguage();
                }
            }
-            
-    		System.out.println("Password will not display on screen.");
-    		System.out.print("Password: ");
-    		System.out.flush();

-    		password1 = console.readPassword();
-    		
-    		System.out.print("Again to confirm: ");
-    		System.out.flush();
-    		
-    		password2 = console.readPassword();
+            System.out.println("Password will not display on screen.");
+            System.out.print("Password: ");
+            System.out.flush();
+
+            password1 = console.readPassword();
+
+            System.out.print("Again to confirm: ");
+            System.out.flush();
+
+            password2 = console.readPassword();

            //TODO real password validation
-            if (password1.length > 1 && Arrays.equals(password1, password2))
-    		{
-    			// password OK
-    			System.out.print("Is the above data correct? (y or n): ");
-    			System.out.flush();
-    			
-    			String s = console.readLine();
+            if (password1.length > 1 && Arrays.equals(password1, password2)) {
+                // password OK
+                System.out.print("Is the above data correct? (y or n): ");
+                System.out.flush();

-                if (s != null)
-                {
+                String s = console.readLine();
+
+                if (s != null) {
                    s = s.trim();
-                    if (s.toLowerCase().startsWith("y"))
-                    {
+                    if (s.toLowerCase().startsWith("y")) {
                        dataOK = true;
                    }
                }
-    		}
-    		else
-    		{
-    			System.out.println("Passwords don't match");
-    		}
-    	}
-    	
-    	// if we make it to here, we are ready to create an administrator
-    	createAdministrator(email, firstName, lastName, language, String.valueOf(password1));
+            } else {
+                System.out.println("Passwords don't match");
+            }
+        }
+
+        // if we make it to here, we are ready to create an administrator
+        createAdministrator(email, firstName, lastName, language, String.valueOf(password1));

        //Cleaning arrays that held password
        Arrays.fill(password1, ' ');
        Arrays.fill(password2, ' ');
    }
-    
+
    /**
     * Create the administrator with the given details.  If the user
     * already exists then they are simply upped to administrator status
-     * 
-     * @param email	the email for the user
-     * @param first	user's first name
-     * @param last	user's last name
+     *
+     * @param email    the email for the user
+     * @param first    user's first name
+     * @param last     user's last name
     * @param language preferred language
-     * @param pw	desired password
-     * 
-     * @throws Exception
+     * @param pw       desired password
+     * @throws Exception if error
     */
    protected void createAdministrator(String email, String first, String last,
-    		String language, String pw)
-    	throws Exception
-    {
-    	// Of course we aren't an administrator yet so we need to
-    	// circumvent authorisation
-    	context.setIgnoreAuthorization(true);
-    	
-    	// Find administrator group
-    	Group admins = groupService.findByName(context, Group.ADMIN);
-    	
-    	if (admins == null)
-    	{
-    		throw new IllegalStateException("Error, no admin group (group 1) found");
-    	}
-    	
-    	// Create the administrator e-person
-        EPerson eperson = ePersonService.findByEmail(context,email);
-        
+                                       String language, String pw)
+        throws Exception {
+        // Of course we aren't an administrator yet so we need to
+        // circumvent authorisation
+        context.turnOffAuthorisationSystem();
+
+        // Find administrator group
+        Group admins = groupService.findByName(context, Group.ADMIN);
+
+        if (admins == null) {
+            throw new IllegalStateException("Error, no admin group (group 1) found");
+        }
+
+        // Create the administrator e-person
+        EPerson eperson = ePersonService.findByEmail(context, email);
+
        // check if the email belongs to a registered user,
        // if not create a new user with this email
-        if (eperson == null)
-        {
+        if (eperson == null) {
            eperson = ePersonService.create(context);
            eperson.setEmail(email);
            eperson.setCanLogIn(true);
            eperson.setRequireCertificate(false);
            eperson.setSelfRegistered(false);
        }
-    	
-    	eperson.setLastName(context, last);
-    	eperson.setFirstName(context, first);
-    	eperson.setLanguage(context, language);
+
+        eperson.setLastName(context, last);
+        eperson.setFirstName(context, first);
+        eperson.setLanguage(context, language);
        ePersonService.setPassword(eperson, pw);
        ePersonService.update(context, eperson);
-    	
-    	groupService.addMember(context, admins, eperson);
+
+        groupService.addMember(context, admins, eperson);
        groupService.update(context, admins);
-    	
-    	context.complete();
-    	
-    	System.out.println("Administrator account created");
+
+        context.complete();
+
+        System.out.println("Administrator account created");
    }
 }
--- a/dspace-api/src/main/java/org/dspace/administer/MetadataExporter.java
+++ b/dspace-api/src/main/java/org/dspace/administer/MetadataExporter.java
@@ -37,176 +37,178 @@ import org.xml.sax.SAXException;
 *
 * This class creates an xml document as passed in the arguments and
 * from the metadata schemas for the repository.
- * 
+ *
 * The form of the XML is as follows
- * 
+ * {@code
 * <metadata-schemas>
- *   <schema>
- *     <name>dc</name>
- *     <namespace>http://dublincore.org/documents/dcmi-terms/</namespace>
- *   </schema>
+ * <schema>
+ * <name>dc</name>
+ * <namespace>http://dublincore.org/documents/dcmi-terms/</namespace>
+ * </schema>
 * </metadata-schemas>
+ * }
 */
-public class MetadataExporter
-{
+public class MetadataExporter {

-    protected static MetadataSchemaService metadataSchemaService = ContentServiceFactory.getInstance().getMetadataSchemaService();
-    protected static MetadataFieldService metadataFieldService = ContentServiceFactory.getInstance().getMetadataFieldService();
+    protected static MetadataSchemaService metadataSchemaService = ContentServiceFactory.getInstance()
+                                                                                        .getMetadataSchemaService();
+    protected static MetadataFieldService metadataFieldService = ContentServiceFactory.getInstance()
+                                                                                      .getMetadataFieldService();

    /**
-     * @param args
-     * @throws ParseException 
-     * @throws SAXException 
-     * @throws IOException 
-     * @throws SQLException 
-     * @throws RegistryExportException 
+     * Default constructor
     */
-    public static void main(String[] args) throws ParseException, SQLException, IOException, SAXException, RegistryExportException
-    {
+    private MetadataExporter() { }
+
+    /**
+     * @param args commandline arguments
+     * @throws ParseException          if parser error
+     * @throws SAXException            if XML parse error
+     * @throws IOException             if IO error
+     * @throws SQLException            if database error
+     * @throws RegistryExportException if export error
+     */
+    public static void main(String[] args)
+        throws ParseException, SQLException, IOException, SAXException, RegistryExportException {
        // create an options object and populate it
        CommandLineParser parser = new PosixParser();
        Options options = new Options();
-        options.addOption("f", "file",   true, "output xml file for registry");
+        options.addOption("f", "file", true, "output xml file for registry");
        options.addOption("s", "schema", true, "the name of the schema to export");
        CommandLine line = parser.parse(options, args);
-        
-        String file   = null;
+
+        String file = null;
        String schema = null;

-        if (line.hasOption('f'))
-        {
-            file   = line.getOptionValue('f');
-        }
-        else
-        {
+        if (line.hasOption('f')) {
+            file = line.getOptionValue('f');
+        } else {
            usage();
            System.exit(0);
        }
-        
-        if (line.hasOption('s'))
-        {
+
+        if (line.hasOption('s')) {
            schema = line.getOptionValue('s');
        }

        saveRegistry(file, schema);
    }

-    public static void saveRegistry(String file, String schema) throws SQLException, IOException, SAXException, RegistryExportException
-    {
+    /**
+     * Save a registry to a filepath
+     *
+     * @param file   filepath
+     * @param schema schema definition to save
+     * @throws SQLException            if database error
+     * @throws IOException             if IO error
+     * @throws SAXException            if XML error
+     * @throws RegistryExportException if export error
+     */
+    public static void saveRegistry(String file, String schema)
+        throws SQLException, IOException, SAXException, RegistryExportException {
        // create a context
        Context context = new Context();
-        context.setIgnoreAuthorization(true);
+        context.turnOffAuthorisationSystem();

        OutputFormat xmlFormat = new OutputFormat(Method.XML, "UTF-8", true);
        xmlFormat.setLineWidth(120);
        xmlFormat.setIndent(4);
-        
+
        XMLSerializer xmlSerializer = new XMLSerializer(new BufferedWriter(new FileWriter(file)), xmlFormat);
        //        XMLSerializer xmlSerializer = new XMLSerializer(System.out, xmlFormat);
        xmlSerializer.startDocument();
        xmlSerializer.startElement("dspace-dc-types", null);
-        
+
        // Save the schema definition(s)
        saveSchema(context, xmlSerializer, schema);

        List<MetadataField> mdFields = null;

        // If a single schema has been specified
-        if (schema != null && !"".equals(schema))
-        {
+        if (schema != null && !"".equals(schema)) {
            // Get the id of that schema
            MetadataSchema mdSchema = metadataSchemaService.find(context, schema);
-            if (mdSchema == null)
-            {
+            if (mdSchema == null) {
                throw new RegistryExportException("no schema to export");
            }
-            
+
            // Get the metadata fields only for the specified schema
            mdFields = metadataFieldService.findAllInSchema(context, mdSchema);
-        }
-        else
-        {
+        } else {
            // Get the metadata fields for all the schemas
            mdFields = metadataFieldService.findAll(context);
        }
-        
+
        // Output the metadata fields
-        for (MetadataField mdField : mdFields)
-        {
+        for (MetadataField mdField : mdFields) {
            saveType(context, xmlSerializer, mdField);
        }
-        
+
        xmlSerializer.endElement("dspace-dc-types");
        xmlSerializer.endDocument();
-        
+
        // abort the context, as we shouldn't have changed it!!
        context.abort();
    }
-    
+
    /**
     * Serialize the schema registry. If the parameter 'schema' is null or empty, save all schemas
-     * @param context
-     * @param xmlSerializer
-     * @param schema
-     * @throws SQLException
-     * @throws SAXException
-     * @throws RegistryExportException
+     *
+     * @param context       DSpace Context
+     * @param xmlSerializer XML serializer
+     * @param schema        schema (may be null to save all)
+     * @throws SQLException            if database error
+     * @throws SAXException            if XML error
+     * @throws RegistryExportException if export error
     */
-    public static void saveSchema(Context context, XMLSerializer xmlSerializer, String schema) throws SQLException, SAXException, RegistryExportException
-    {
-        if (schema != null && !"".equals(schema))
-        {
+    public static void saveSchema(Context context, XMLSerializer xmlSerializer, String schema)
+        throws SQLException, SAXException, RegistryExportException {
+        if (schema != null && !"".equals(schema)) {
            // Find a single named schema
            MetadataSchema mdSchema = metadataSchemaService.find(context, schema);
-            
+
            saveSchema(xmlSerializer, mdSchema);
-        }
-        else
-        {
+        } else {
            // Find all schemas
            List<MetadataSchema> mdSchemas = metadataSchemaService.findAll(context);
-            
-            for (MetadataSchema mdSchema : mdSchemas)
-            {
+
+            for (MetadataSchema mdSchema : mdSchemas) {
                saveSchema(xmlSerializer, mdSchema);
            }
        }
    }
-    
+
    /**
     * Serialize a single schema (namespace) registry entry
-     * 
-     * @param xmlSerializer
-     * @param mdSchema
-     * @throws SAXException
-     * @throws RegistryExportException
+     *
+     * @param xmlSerializer XML serializer
+     * @param mdSchema      DSpace metadata schema
+     * @throws SAXException            if XML error
+     * @throws RegistryExportException if export error
     */
-    private static void saveSchema(XMLSerializer xmlSerializer, MetadataSchema mdSchema) throws SAXException, RegistryExportException
-    {
+    private static void saveSchema(XMLSerializer xmlSerializer, MetadataSchema mdSchema)
+        throws SAXException, RegistryExportException {
        // If we haven't got a schema, it's an error
-        if (mdSchema == null)
-        {
+        if (mdSchema == null) {
            throw new RegistryExportException("no schema to export");
        }
-        
-        String name      = mdSchema.getName();
+
+        String name = mdSchema.getName();
        String namespace = mdSchema.getNamespace();
-        
-        if (name == null || "".equals(name))
-        {
+
+        if (name == null || "".equals(name)) {
            System.out.println("name is null, skipping");
            return;
        }

-        if (namespace == null || "".equals(namespace))
-        {
+        if (namespace == null || "".equals(namespace)) {
            System.out.println("namespace is null, skipping");
            return;
        }

        // Output the parent tag
        xmlSerializer.startElement("dc-schema", null);
-        
+
        // Output the schema name
        xmlSerializer.startElement("name", null);
        xmlSerializer.characters(name.toCharArray(), 0, name.length());
@@ -219,26 +221,25 @@ public class MetadataExporter

        xmlSerializer.endElement("dc-schema");
    }
-    
+
    /**
     * Serialize a single metadata field registry entry to xml
-     * 
-     * @param context
-     * @param xmlSerializer
-     * @param mdField
-     * @throws SAXException
-     * @throws RegistryExportException
-     * @throws SQLException
-     * @throws IOException 
+     *
+     * @param context       DSpace context
+     * @param xmlSerializer xml serializer
+     * @param mdField       DSpace metadata field
+     * @throws SAXException            if XML error
+     * @throws RegistryExportException if export error
+     * @throws SQLException            if database error
+     * @throws IOException             if IO error
     */
-    private static void saveType(Context context, XMLSerializer xmlSerializer, MetadataField mdField) throws SAXException, RegistryExportException, SQLException, IOException
-    {
+    private static void saveType(Context context, XMLSerializer xmlSerializer, MetadataField mdField)
+        throws SAXException, RegistryExportException, SQLException, IOException {
        // If we haven't been given a field, it's an error
-        if (mdField == null)
-        {
+        if (mdField == null) {
            throw new RegistryExportException("no field to export");
        }
-        
+
        // Get the data from the metadata field
        String schemaName = getSchemaName(context, mdField);
        String element = mdField.getElement();
@@ -246,8 +247,7 @@ public class MetadataExporter
        String scopeNote = mdField.getScopeNote();

        // We must have a schema and element
-        if (schemaName == null || element == null)
-        {
+        if (schemaName == null || element == null) {
            throw new RegistryExportException("incomplete field information");
        }

@@ -265,68 +265,64 @@ public class MetadataExporter
        xmlSerializer.endElement("element");

        // Output the qualifier, if present
-        if (qualifier != null)
-        {
+        if (qualifier != null) {
            xmlSerializer.startElement("qualifier", null);
            xmlSerializer.characters(qualifier.toCharArray(), 0, qualifier.length());
            xmlSerializer.endElement("qualifier");
-        }
-        else
-        {
+        } else {
            xmlSerializer.comment("unqualified");
        }
-        
+
        // Output the scope note, if present
-        if (scopeNote != null)
-        {
+        if (scopeNote != null) {
            xmlSerializer.startElement("scope_note", null);
            xmlSerializer.characters(scopeNote.toCharArray(), 0, scopeNote.length());
            xmlSerializer.endElement("scope_note");
-        }
-        else
-        {
+        } else {
            xmlSerializer.comment("no scope note");
        }
-        
+
        xmlSerializer.endElement("dc-type");
    }
-    
+
+    static Map<Integer, String> schemaMap = new HashMap<Integer, String>();
+
    /**
     * Helper method to retrieve a schema name for the field.
     * Caches the name after looking up the id.
+     *
+     * @param context DSpace Context
+     * @param mdField DSpace metadata field
+     * @return name of schema
+     * @throws SQLException            if database error
+     * @throws RegistryExportException if export error
     */
-    static Map<Integer, String> schemaMap = new HashMap<Integer, String>();
-    private static String getSchemaName(Context context, MetadataField mdField) throws SQLException, RegistryExportException
-    {
+    private static String getSchemaName(Context context, MetadataField mdField)
+        throws SQLException, RegistryExportException {
        // Get name from cache
-        String name = schemaMap.get(mdField.getMetadataSchema().getSchemaID());
+        String name = schemaMap.get(mdField.getMetadataSchema().getID());

-        if (name == null)
-        {
+        if (name == null) {
            // Name not retrieved before, so get the schema now
-            MetadataSchema mdSchema = metadataSchemaService.find(context, mdField.getMetadataSchema().getSchemaID());
-            if (mdSchema != null)
-            {
+            MetadataSchema mdSchema = metadataSchemaService.find(context, mdField.getMetadataSchema().getID());
+            if (mdSchema != null) {
                name = mdSchema.getName();
-                schemaMap.put(mdSchema.getSchemaID(), name);
-            }
-            else
-            {
+                schemaMap.put(mdSchema.getID(), name);
+            } else {
                // Can't find the schema
                throw new RegistryExportException("Can't get schema name for field");
            }
        }
        return name;
    }
-    
+
    /**
     * Print the usage message to stdout
     */
-    public static void usage()
-    {
+    public static void usage() {
        String usage = "Use this class with the following options:\n" +
-                        " -f <xml output file> : specify the output file for the schemas\n" +
-                        " -s <schema> : name of the schema to export\n";
+            " -f <xml output file> : specify the output file for the schemas\n" +
+            " -s <schema> : name of the schema to export\n";
        System.out.println(usage);
    }
 }
--- a/dspace-api/src/main/java/org/dspace/administer/MetadataImporter.java
+++ b/dspace-api/src/main/java/org/dspace/administer/MetadataImporter.java
@@ -9,7 +9,6 @@ package org.dspace.administer;

 import java.io.IOException;
 import java.sql.SQLException;
-
 import javax.xml.parsers.ParserConfigurationException;
 import javax.xml.transform.TransformerException;

@@ -18,9 +17,7 @@ import org.apache.commons.cli.CommandLineParser;
 import org.apache.commons.cli.Options;
 import org.apache.commons.cli.ParseException;
 import org.apache.commons.cli.PosixParser;
-
 import org.apache.xpath.XPathAPI;
-
 import org.dspace.authorize.AuthorizeException;
 import org.dspace.content.MetadataField;
 import org.dspace.content.MetadataSchema;
@@ -31,66 +28,81 @@ import org.dspace.content.service.MetadataSchemaService;
 import org.dspace.core.Context;
 import org.slf4j.Logger;
 import org.slf4j.LoggerFactory;
-
 import org.w3c.dom.Document;
 import org.w3c.dom.Node;
 import org.w3c.dom.NodeList;
-
 import org.xml.sax.SAXException;

 /**
 * @author Richard Jones
 *
 * This class takes an xml document as passed in the arguments and
- * uses it to create metadata elements in the Metadata Registry if 
+ * uses it to create metadata elements in the Metadata Registry if
 * they do not already exist
- * 
+ *
 * The format of the XML file is as follows:
- * 
+ *
+ * {@code
 * <dspace-dc-types>
- *   <dc-type>
- *     <schema>icadmin</schema>
- *     <element>status</element>
- *     <qualifier>dateset</qualifier>
- *     <scope_note>the workflow status of an item</scope_note>
- *   </dc-type>
- *   
- *   [....]
- *   
+ * <dc-type>
+ * <schema>icadmin</schema>
+ * <element>status</element>
+ * <qualifier>dateset</qualifier>
+ * <scope_note>the workflow status of an item</scope_note>
+ * </dc-type>
+ *
+ * [....]
+ *
 * </dspace-dc-types>
+ * }
 */
-public class MetadataImporter
-{
-    protected static MetadataSchemaService metadataSchemaService = ContentServiceFactory.getInstance().getMetadataSchemaService();
-    protected static MetadataFieldService metadataFieldService = ContentServiceFactory.getInstance().getMetadataFieldService();
+public class MetadataImporter {
+    protected static MetadataSchemaService metadataSchemaService = ContentServiceFactory.getInstance()
+                                                                                        .getMetadataSchemaService();
+    protected static MetadataFieldService metadataFieldService = ContentServiceFactory.getInstance()
+                                                                                      .getMetadataFieldService();

-    /** logging category */
+    /**
+     * logging category
+     */
    private static final Logger log = LoggerFactory.getLogger(MetadataImporter.class);

-	/**
-	 * main method for reading user input from the command line
-	 */
+    /**
+     * Default constructor
+     */
+    private MetadataImporter() { }
+
+    /**
+     * main method for reading user input from the command line
+     *
+     * @param args the command line arguments given
+     * @throws ParseException               if parse error
+     * @throws SQLException                 if database error
+     * @throws IOException                  if IO error
+     * @throws TransformerException         if transformer error
+     * @throws ParserConfigurationException if config error
+     * @throws AuthorizeException           if authorization error
+     * @throws SAXException                 if parser error
+     * @throws NonUniqueMetadataException   if duplicate metadata
+     * @throws RegistryImportException      if import fails
+     **/
    public static void main(String[] args)
-    	throws ParseException, SQLException, IOException, TransformerException,
-    			ParserConfigurationException, AuthorizeException, SAXException,
-    			NonUniqueMetadataException, RegistryImportException
-    {
+        throws ParseException, SQLException, IOException, TransformerException,
+        ParserConfigurationException, AuthorizeException, SAXException,
+        NonUniqueMetadataException, RegistryImportException {
        boolean forceUpdate = false;
-        
+
        // create an options object and populate it
        CommandLineParser parser = new PosixParser();
        Options options = new Options();
        options.addOption("f", "file", true, "source xml file for DC fields");
        options.addOption("u", "update", false, "update an existing schema");
        CommandLine line = parser.parse(options, args);
-        
+
        String file = null;
-        if (line.hasOption('f'))
-        {
+        if (line.hasOption('f')) {
            file = line.getOptionValue('f');
-        }
-        else
-        {
+        } else {
            usage();
            System.exit(0);
        }
@@ -98,20 +110,27 @@ public class MetadataImporter
        forceUpdate = line.hasOption('u');
        loadRegistry(file, forceUpdate);
    }
-    
+
    /**
     * Load the data from the specified file path into the database
-     * 
-     * @param 	file	the file path containing the source data
+     *
+     * @param file        the file path containing the source data
+     * @param forceUpdate whether to force update
+     * @throws SQLException                 if database error
+     * @throws IOException                  if IO error
+     * @throws TransformerException         if transformer error
+     * @throws ParserConfigurationException if config error
+     * @throws AuthorizeException           if authorization error
+     * @throws SAXException                 if parser error
+     * @throws NonUniqueMetadataException   if duplicate metadata
+     * @throws RegistryImportException      if import fails
     */
    public static void loadRegistry(String file, boolean forceUpdate)
-    	throws SQLException, IOException, TransformerException, ParserConfigurationException, 
-    		AuthorizeException, SAXException, NonUniqueMetadataException, RegistryImportException
-    {
+        throws SQLException, IOException, TransformerException, ParserConfigurationException,
+        AuthorizeException, SAXException, NonUniqueMetadataException, RegistryImportException {
        Context context = null;

-        try
-        {
+        try {
            // create a context
            context = new Context();
            context.turnOffAuthorisationSystem();
@@ -123,8 +142,7 @@ public class MetadataImporter
            NodeList schemaNodes = XPathAPI.selectNodeList(document, "/dspace-dc-types/dc-schema");

            // Add each one as a new format to the registry
-            for (int i = 0; i < schemaNodes.getLength(); i++)
-            {
+            for (int i = 0; i < schemaNodes.getLength(); i++) {
                Node n = schemaNodes.item(i);
                loadSchema(context, n, forceUpdate);
            }
@@ -133,100 +151,95 @@ public class MetadataImporter
            NodeList typeNodes = XPathAPI.selectNodeList(document, "/dspace-dc-types/dc-type");

            // Add each one as a new format to the registry
-            for (int i = 0; i < typeNodes.getLength(); i++)
-            {
+            for (int i = 0; i < typeNodes.getLength(); i++) {
                Node n = typeNodes.item(i);
                loadType(context, n);
            }

            context.restoreAuthSystemState();
            context.complete();
-        }
-        finally
-        {
-           // Clean up our context, if it still exists & it was never completed
-            if(context!=null && context.isValid())
+        } finally {
+            // Clean up our context, if it still exists & it was never completed
+            if (context != null && context.isValid()) {
                context.abort();
+            }
        }
    }
-    
+
    /**
     * Process a node in the metadata registry XML file.  If the
     * schema already exists, it will not be recreated
-     * 
-     * @param context
-     *            DSpace context object
-     * @param node
-     *            the node in the DOM tree
-     * @throws NonUniqueMetadataException
+     *
+     * @param context DSpace context object
+     * @param node    the node in the DOM tree
+     * @throws SQLException               if database error
+     * @throws IOException                if IO error
+     * @throws TransformerException       if transformer error
+     * @throws AuthorizeException         if authorization error
+     * @throws NonUniqueMetadataException if duplicate metadata
+     * @throws RegistryImportException    if import fails
     */
    private static void loadSchema(Context context, Node node, boolean updateExisting)
        throws SQLException, IOException, TransformerException,
-            AuthorizeException, NonUniqueMetadataException, RegistryImportException
-    {
+        AuthorizeException, NonUniqueMetadataException, RegistryImportException {
        // Get the values
        String name = RegistryImporter.getElementData(node, "name");
        String namespace = RegistryImporter.getElementData(node, "namespace");
-        
-        if (name == null || "".equals(name))
-        {
+
+        if (name == null || "".equals(name)) {
            throw new RegistryImportException("Name of schema must be supplied");
        }

-        if (namespace == null || "".equals(namespace))
-        {
+        if (namespace == null || "".equals(namespace)) {
            throw new RegistryImportException("Namespace of schema must be supplied");
        }

        // check to see if the schema already exists
        MetadataSchema s = metadataSchemaService.find(context, name);
-        
-        if (s == null)
-        {
+
+        if (s == null) {
            // Schema does not exist - create
            log.info("Registering Schema " + name + " (" + namespace + ")");
            metadataSchemaService.create(context, name, namespace);
-        }
-        else
-        {
+        } else {
            // Schema exists - if it's the same namespace, allow the type imports to continue
-            if (s.getNamespace().equals(namespace))
-            {
+            if (s.getNamespace().equals(namespace)) {
                // This schema already exists with this namespace, skipping it
                return;
            }
-            
+
            // It's a different namespace - have we been told to update?
-            if (updateExisting)
-            {
+            if (updateExisting) {
                // Update the existing schema namespace and continue to type import
                log.info("Updating Schema " + name + ": New namespace " + namespace);
                s.setNamespace(namespace);
                metadataSchemaService.update(context, s);
-            }
-            else
-            {
-                throw new RegistryImportException("Schema " + name + " already registered with different namespace " + namespace + ". Rerun with 'update' option enabled if you wish to update this schema.");
+            } else {
+                throw new RegistryImportException(
+                    "Schema " + name + " already registered with different namespace " + namespace + ". Rerun with " +
+                        "'update' option enabled if you wish to update this schema.");
            }
        }
-        
+
    }
-    
+
    /**
     * Process a node in the metadata registry XML file. The node must
     * be a "dc-type" node.  If the type already exists, then it
     * will not be reimported
-     * 
-     * @param context
-     *            DSpace context object
-     * @param node
-     *            the node in the DOM tree
-     * @throws NonUniqueMetadataException
+     *
+     * @param context DSpace context object
+     * @param node    the node in the DOM tree
+     * @throws SQLException               if database error
+     * @throws IOException                if IO error
+     * @throws TransformerException       if transformer error
+     * @throws AuthorizeException         if authorization error
+     * @throws NonUniqueMetadataException if duplicate metadata
+     * @throws RegistryImportException    if import fails
     */
    private static void loadType(Context context, Node node)
-            throws SQLException, IOException, TransformerException,
-            AuthorizeException, NonUniqueMetadataException, RegistryImportException
-    {
+        throws SQLException, IOException, TransformerException,
+        AuthorizeException, NonUniqueMetadataException, RegistryImportException {
        // Get the values
        String schema = RegistryImporter.getElementData(node, "schema");
        String element = RegistryImporter.getElementData(node, "element");
@@ -234,44 +247,41 @@ public class MetadataImporter
        String scopeNote = RegistryImporter.getElementData(node, "scope_note");

        // If the schema is not provided default to DC
-        if (schema == null)
-        {
+        if (schema == null) {
            schema = MetadataSchema.DC_SCHEMA;
        }

-        
+
        // Find the matching schema object
        MetadataSchema schemaObj = metadataSchemaService.find(context, schema);
-        
-        if (schemaObj == null)
-        {
+
+        if (schemaObj == null) {
            throw new RegistryImportException("Schema '" + schema + "' is not registered and does not exist.");
        }
-        
+
        MetadataField mf = metadataFieldService.findByElement(context, schemaObj, element, qualifier);
-        if (mf != null)
-        {
+        if (mf != null) {
            // Metadata field already exists, skipping it
            return;
        }
-        
+
        // Actually create this metadata field as it doesn't yet exist
        String fieldName = schema + "." + element + "." + qualifier;
-        if(qualifier==null)
+        if (qualifier == null) {
            fieldName = schema + "." + element;
+        }
        log.info("Registering metadata field " + fieldName);
        MetadataField field = metadataFieldService.create(context, schemaObj, element, qualifier, scopeNote);
        metadataFieldService.update(context, field);
    }
-    
+
    /**
     * Print the usage message to stdout
     */
-    public static void usage()
-    {
+    public static void usage() {
        String usage = "Use this class with the following option:\n" +
-        				" -f <xml source file> : specify which xml source file " +
-        				"contains the DC fields to import.\n";
+            " -f <xml source file> : specify which xml source file " +
+            "contains the DC fields to import.\n";
        System.out.println(usage);
    }
 }
--- a/dspace-api/src/main/java/org/dspace/administer/RegistryExportException.java
+++ b/dspace-api/src/main/java/org/dspace/administer/RegistryExportException.java
@@ -12,45 +12,40 @@ package org.dspace.administer;
 *
 * An exception to report any problems with registry exports
 */
-public class RegistryExportException extends Exception
-{
+public class RegistryExportException extends Exception {
    /**
     * Create an empty authorize exception
     */
-    public RegistryExportException()
-    {
+    public RegistryExportException() {
        super();
    }

    /**
     * create an exception with only a message
-     * 
-     * @param message
+     *
+     * @param message exception message
     */
-    public RegistryExportException(String message)
-    {
+    public RegistryExportException(String message) {
        super(message);
    }
-    
+
    /**
     * create an exception with an inner exception and a message
-     * 
-     * @param   message
-     * @param   e
+     *
+     * @param message exception message
+     * @param e       reference to Throwable
     */
-    public RegistryExportException(String message, Throwable e)
-    {
+    public RegistryExportException(String message, Throwable e) {
        super(message, e);
    }
-    
+
    /**
     * create an exception with an inner exception
-     * 
-     * @param   e
+     *
+     * @param e reference to Throwable
     */
-    public RegistryExportException(Throwable e)
-    {
+    public RegistryExportException(Throwable e) {
        super(e);
    }
-    
+
 }
--- a/dspace-api/src/main/java/org/dspace/administer/RegistryImportException.java
+++ b/dspace-api/src/main/java/org/dspace/administer/RegistryImportException.java
@@ -12,45 +12,40 @@ package org.dspace.administer;
 *
 * An exception to report any problems with registry imports
 */
-public class RegistryImportException extends Exception
-{
+public class RegistryImportException extends Exception {
    /**
     * Create an empty authorize exception
     */
-    public RegistryImportException()
-    {
+    public RegistryImportException() {
        super();
    }

    /**
     * create an exception with only a message
-     * 
-     * @param message
+     *
+     * @param message error message
     */
-    public RegistryImportException(String message)
-    {
+    public RegistryImportException(String message) {
        super(message);
    }
-    
+
    /**
     * create an exception with an inner exception and a message
-     * 
-     * @param	message
-     * @param	e
+     *
+     * @param message error message
+     * @param e       throwable
     */
-    public RegistryImportException(String message, Throwable e)
-    {
-    	super(message, e);
+    public RegistryImportException(String message, Throwable e) {
+        super(message, e);
    }
-    
+
    /**
     * create an exception with an inner exception
-     * 
-     * @param	e
+     *
+     * @param e throwable
     */
-    public RegistryImportException(Throwable e)
-    {
-    	super(e);
+    public RegistryImportException(Throwable e) {
+        super(e);
    }
-    
+
 }
--- a/dspace-api/src/main/java/org/dspace/administer/RegistryImporter.java
+++ b/dspace-api/src/main/java/org/dspace/administer/RegistryImporter.java
@@ -9,18 +9,15 @@ package org.dspace.administer;

 import java.io.File;
 import java.io.IOException;
-
 import javax.xml.parsers.DocumentBuilder;
 import javax.xml.parsers.DocumentBuilderFactory;
 import javax.xml.parsers.ParserConfigurationException;
 import javax.xml.transform.TransformerException;

 import org.apache.xpath.XPathAPI;
-
 import org.w3c.dom.Document;
 import org.w3c.dom.Node;
 import org.w3c.dom.NodeList;
-
 import org.xml.sax.SAXException;

 /**
@@ -31,27 +28,32 @@ import org.xml.sax.SAXException;
 * I am the author, really I ripped these methods off from other
 * classes
 */
-public class RegistryImporter
-{
+public class RegistryImporter {
+
+    /**
+     * Default constructor
+     */
+    private RegistryImporter() { }
+
    /**
     * Load in the XML from file.
-     * 
-     * @param filename
-     *            the filename to load from
-     * 
+     *
+     * @param filename the filename to load from
     * @return the DOM representation of the XML file
+     * @throws IOException                  if IO error
+     * @throws ParserConfigurationException if configuration parse error
+     * @throws SAXException                 if XML parse error
     */
-    public static Document loadXML(String filename) 
-    	throws IOException, ParserConfigurationException, SAXException
-    {
+    public static Document loadXML(String filename)
+        throws IOException, ParserConfigurationException, SAXException {
        DocumentBuilder builder = DocumentBuilderFactory.newInstance()
-                .newDocumentBuilder();
+                                                        .newDocumentBuilder();

        Document document = builder.parse(new File(filename));
-        
+
        return document;
    }
-    
+
    /**
     * Get the CDATA of a particular element. For example, if the XML document
     * contains:
@@ -63,22 +65,18 @@ public class RegistryImporter
     * return <code>application/pdf</code>.
     * </P>
     * Why this isn't a core part of the XML API I do not know...
-     * 
-     * @param parentElement
-     *            the element, whose child element you want the CDATA from
-     * @param childName
-     *            the name of the element you want the CDATA from
-     * 
+     *
+     * @param parentElement the element, whose child element you want the CDATA from
+     * @param childName     the name of the element you want the CDATA from
     * @return the CDATA as a <code>String</code>
+     * @throws TransformerException if error
     */
    public static String getElementData(Node parentElement, String childName)
-            throws TransformerException
-    {
+        throws TransformerException {
        // Grab the child node
        Node childNode = XPathAPI.selectSingleNode(parentElement, childName);

-        if (childNode == null)
-        {
+        if (childNode == null) {
            // No child node, so no values
            return null;
        }
@@ -86,8 +84,7 @@ public class RegistryImporter
        // Get the #text
        Node dataNode = childNode.getFirstChild();

-        if (dataNode == null)
-        {
+        if (dataNode == null) {
            return null;
        }

@@ -103,32 +100,28 @@ public class RegistryImporter
     * <P>
     * <code>
     * &lt;foo&gt;
-     *   &lt;bar&gt;val1&lt;/bar&gt;
-     *   &lt;bar&gt;val2&lt;/bar&gt;
+     * &lt;bar&gt;val1&lt;/bar&gt;
+     * &lt;bar&gt;val2&lt;/bar&gt;
     * &lt;/foo&gt;
     * </code>
     * passing this the <code>foo</code> node and <code>bar</code> will
     * return <code>val1</code> and <code>val2</code>.
     * </P>
     * Why this also isn't a core part of the XML API I do not know...
-     * 
-     * @param parentElement
-     *            the element, whose child element you want the CDATA from
-     * @param childName
-     *            the name of the element you want the CDATA from
-     * 
+     *
+     * @param parentElement the element, whose child element you want the CDATA from
+     * @param childName     the name of the element you want the CDATA from
     * @return the CDATA as a <code>String</code>
+     * @throws TransformerException if error
     */
    public static String[] getRepeatedElementData(Node parentElement,
-            String childName) throws TransformerException
-    {
+                                                  String childName) throws TransformerException {
        // Grab the child node
        NodeList childNodes = XPathAPI.selectNodeList(parentElement, childName);

        String[] data = new String[childNodes.getLength()];

-        for (int i = 0; i < childNodes.getLength(); i++)
-        {
+        for (int i = 0; i < childNodes.getLength(); i++) {
            // Get the #text node
            Node dataNode = childNodes.item(i).getFirstChild();

--- a/dspace-api/src/main/java/org/dspace/administer/RegistryLoader.java
+++ b/dspace-api/src/main/java/org/dspace/administer/RegistryLoader.java
@@ -12,7 +12,6 @@ import java.io.IOException;
 import java.sql.SQLException;
 import java.util.ArrayList;
 import java.util.Arrays;
-
 import javax.xml.parsers.DocumentBuilder;
 import javax.xml.parsers.DocumentBuilderFactory;
 import javax.xml.parsers.ParserConfigurationException;
@@ -40,32 +39,37 @@ import org.xml.sax.SAXException;
 * <code>RegistryLoader -bitstream bitstream-formats.xml</code>
 * <P>
 * <code>RegistryLoader -dc dc-types.xml</code>
- * 
+ *
 * @author Robert Tansley
 * @version $Revision$
 */
-public class RegistryLoader
-{
-    /** log4j category */
+public class RegistryLoader {
+    /**
+     * log4j category
+     */
    private static Logger log = Logger.getLogger(RegistryLoader.class);

-    protected static BitstreamFormatService bitstreamFormatService = ContentServiceFactory.getInstance().getBitstreamFormatService();
+    protected static BitstreamFormatService bitstreamFormatService = ContentServiceFactory.getInstance()
+                                                                                          .getBitstreamFormatService();
+
+    /**
+     * Default constructor
+     */
+    private RegistryLoader() { }

    /**
     * For invoking via the command line
-     * 
-     * @param argv
-     *            command-line arguments
+     *
+     * @param argv the command line arguments given
+     * @throws Exception if error
     */
-    public static void main(String[] argv) throws Exception
-    {
+    public static void main(String[] argv) throws Exception {
        String usage = "Usage: " + RegistryLoader.class.getName()
-                + " (-bitstream | -metadata) registry-file.xml";
+            + " (-bitstream | -metadata) registry-file.xml";

        Context context = null;

-        try
-        {
+        try {
            context = new Context();

            // Can't update registries anonymously, so we need to turn off
@@ -73,17 +77,12 @@ public class RegistryLoader
            context.turnOffAuthorisationSystem();

            // Work out what we're loading
-            if (argv[0].equalsIgnoreCase("-bitstream"))
-            {
+            if (argv[0].equalsIgnoreCase("-bitstream")) {
                RegistryLoader.loadBitstreamFormats(context, argv[1]);
-            }
-            else if (argv[0].equalsIgnoreCase("-metadata"))
-            {
+            } else if (argv[0].equalsIgnoreCase("-metadata")) {
                // Call MetadataImporter, as it handles Metadata schema updates
                MetadataImporter.loadRegistry(argv[1], true);
-            }
-            else
-            {
+            } else {
                System.err.println(usage);
            }

@@ -91,71 +90,69 @@ public class RegistryLoader
            context.complete();

            System.exit(0);
-        }
-        catch (ArrayIndexOutOfBoundsException ae)
-        {
+        } catch (ArrayIndexOutOfBoundsException ae) {
            System.err.println(usage);

            System.exit(1);
-        }
-        catch (Exception e)
-        {
+        } catch (Exception e) {
            log.fatal(LogManager.getHeader(context, "error_loading_registries",
-                    ""), e);
+                                           ""), e);

            System.err.println("Error: \n - " + e.getMessage());
            System.exit(1);
-        }
-        finally
-        {
+        } finally {
            // Clean up our context, if it still exists & it was never completed
-            if(context!=null && context.isValid())
+            if (context != null && context.isValid()) {
                context.abort();
+            }
        }
    }

    /**
     * Load Bitstream Format metadata
-     * 
-     * @param context
-     *            DSpace context object
-     * @param filename
-     *            the filename of the XML file to load
+     *
+     * @param context  DSpace context object
+     * @param filename the filename of the XML file to load
+     * @throws SQLException                 if database error
+     * @throws IOException                  if IO error
+     * @throws TransformerException         if transformer error
+     * @throws ParserConfigurationException if config error
+     * @throws AuthorizeException           if authorization error
+     * @throws SAXException                 if parser error
     */
    public static void loadBitstreamFormats(Context context, String filename)
-            throws SQLException, IOException, ParserConfigurationException,
-            SAXException, TransformerException, AuthorizeException
-    {
+        throws SQLException, IOException, ParserConfigurationException,
+        SAXException, TransformerException, AuthorizeException {
        Document document = loadXML(filename);

        // Get the nodes corresponding to formats
        NodeList typeNodes = XPathAPI.selectNodeList(document,
-                "dspace-bitstream-types/bitstream-type");
+                                                     "dspace-bitstream-types/bitstream-type");

        // Add each one as a new format to the registry
-        for (int i = 0; i < typeNodes.getLength(); i++)
-        {
+        for (int i = 0; i < typeNodes.getLength(); i++) {
            Node n = typeNodes.item(i);
            loadFormat(context, n);
        }

        log.info(LogManager.getHeader(context, "load_bitstream_formats",
-                "number_loaded=" + typeNodes.getLength()));
+                                      "number_loaded=" + typeNodes.getLength()));
    }

    /**
     * Process a node in the bitstream format registry XML file. The node must
     * be a "bitstream-type" node
-     * 
-     * @param context
-     *            DSpace context object
-     * @param node
-     *            the node in the DOM tree
+     *
+     * @param context DSpace context object
+     * @param node    the node in the DOM tree
+     * @throws SQLException         if database error
+     * @throws IOException          if IO error
+     * @throws TransformerException if transformer error
+     * @throws AuthorizeException   if authorization error
     */
    private static void loadFormat(Context context, Node node)
-            throws SQLException, IOException, TransformerException,
-            AuthorizeException
-    {
+        throws SQLException, IOException, TransformerException,
+        AuthorizeException {
        // Get the values
        String mimeType = getElementData(node, "mimetype");
        String shortDesc = getElementData(node, "short_description");
@@ -171,16 +168,14 @@ public class RegistryLoader

        // Check if this format already exists in our registry (by mime type)
        BitstreamFormat exists = bitstreamFormatService.findByMIMEType(context, mimeType);
-        
+
        // If not found by mimeType, check by short description (since this must also be unique)
-        if(exists==null)
-        {    
+        if (exists == null) {
            exists = bitstreamFormatService.findByShortDescription(context, shortDesc);
        }
-            
+
        // If it doesn't exist, create it..otherwise skip it.
-        if(exists==null)
-        {
+        if (exists == null) {
            // Create the format object
            BitstreamFormat format = bitstreamFormatService.create(context);

@@ -203,17 +198,17 @@ public class RegistryLoader

    /**
     * Load in the XML from file.
-     * 
-     * @param filename
-     *            the filename to load from
-     * 
+     *
+     * @param filename the filename to load from
     * @return the DOM representation of the XML file
+     * @throws IOException                  if IO error
+     * @throws ParserConfigurationException if config error
+     * @throws SAXException                 if parser error
     */
    private static Document loadXML(String filename) throws IOException,
-            ParserConfigurationException, SAXException
-    {
+        ParserConfigurationException, SAXException {
        DocumentBuilder builder = DocumentBuilderFactory.newInstance()
-                .newDocumentBuilder();
+                                                        .newDocumentBuilder();

        return builder.parse(new File(filename));
    }
@@ -229,22 +224,18 @@ public class RegistryLoader
     * return <code>application/pdf</code>.
     * </P>
     * Why this isn't a core part of the XML API I do not know...
-     * 
-     * @param parentElement
-     *            the element, whose child element you want the CDATA from
-     * @param childName
-     *            the name of the element you want the CDATA from
-     * 
+     *
+     * @param parentElement the element, whose child element you want the CDATA from
+     * @param childName     the name of the element you want the CDATA from
     * @return the CDATA as a <code>String</code>
+     * @throws TransformerException if transformer error
     */
    private static String getElementData(Node parentElement, String childName)
-            throws TransformerException
-    {
+        throws TransformerException {
        // Grab the child node
        Node childNode = XPathAPI.selectSingleNode(parentElement, childName);

-        if (childNode == null)
-        {
+        if (childNode == null) {
            // No child node, so no values
            return null;
        }
@@ -252,8 +243,7 @@ public class RegistryLoader
        // Get the #text
        Node dataNode = childNode.getFirstChild();

-        if (dataNode == null)
-        {
+        if (dataNode == null) {
            return null;
        }

@@ -269,32 +259,28 @@ public class RegistryLoader
     * <P>
     * <code>
     * &lt;foo&gt;
-     *   &lt;bar&gt;val1&lt;/bar&gt;
-     *   &lt;bar&gt;val2&lt;/bar&gt;
+     * &lt;bar&gt;val1&lt;/bar&gt;
+     * &lt;bar&gt;val2&lt;/bar&gt;
     * &lt;/foo&gt;
     * </code>
     * passing this the <code>foo</code> node and <code>bar</code> will
     * return <code>val1</code> and <code>val2</code>.
     * </P>
     * Why this also isn't a core part of the XML API I do not know...
-     * 
-     * @param parentElement
-     *            the element, whose child element you want the CDATA from
-     * @param childName
-     *            the name of the element you want the CDATA from
-     * 
+     *
+     * @param parentElement the element, whose child element you want the CDATA from
+     * @param childName     the name of the element you want the CDATA from
     * @return the CDATA as a <code>String</code>
+     * @throws TransformerException if transformer error
     */
    private static String[] getRepeatedElementData(Node parentElement,
-            String childName) throws TransformerException
-    {
+                                                   String childName) throws TransformerException {
        // Grab the child node
        NodeList childNodes = XPathAPI.selectNodeList(parentElement, childName);

        String[] data = new String[childNodes.getLength()];

-        for (int i = 0; i < childNodes.getLength(); i++)
-        {
+        for (int i = 0; i < childNodes.getLength(); i++) {
            // Get the #text node
            Node dataNode = childNodes.item(i).getFirstChild();

--- a/dspace-api/src/main/java/org/dspace/administer/StructBuilder.java
+++ b/dspace-api/src/main/java/org/dspace/administer/StructBuilder.java
@@ -14,7 +14,6 @@ import java.io.IOException;
 import java.sql.SQLException;
 import java.util.HashMap;
 import java.util.Map;
-
 import javax.xml.parsers.DocumentBuilder;
 import javax.xml.parsers.DocumentBuilderFactory;
 import javax.xml.parsers.ParserConfigurationException;
@@ -44,113 +43,119 @@ import org.xml.sax.SAXException;
 /**
 * This class deals with importing community and collection structures from
 * an XML file.
- * 
+ *
 * The XML file structure needs to be:
- * 
+ * {@code
 * <import_structure>
- *     <community>
- *         <name>....</name>
- *         <community>...</community>
- *         <collection>
- *             <name>....</name>
- *         </collection>
- *     </community>
+ * <community>
+ * <name>....</name>
+ * <community>...</community>
+ * <collection>
+ * <name>....</name>
+ * </collection>
+ * </community>
 * </import_structure>
- * 
+ * }
 * it can be arbitrarily deep, and supports all the metadata elements
 * that make up the community and collection metadata.  See the system
 * documentation for more details
- * 
- * @author Richard Jones
 *
+ * @author Richard Jones
 */

-public class StructBuilder
-{
-    /** the output xml document which will contain updated information about the 
+public class StructBuilder {
+    /**
+     * the output xml document which will contain updated information about the
     * imported structure
     */
    private static org.jdom.Document xmlOutput = new org.jdom.Document(new Element("imported_structure"));
-    
-    /** a hashtable to hold metadata for the collection being worked on */
+
+    /**
+     * a hashtable to hold metadata for the collection being worked on
+     */
    private static Map<String, String> collectionMap = new HashMap<String, String>();
-    
-    /** a hashtable to hold metadata for the community being worked on */
+
+    /**
+     * a hashtable to hold metadata for the community being worked on
+     */
    private static Map<String, String> communityMap = new HashMap<String, String>();

    protected static CommunityService communityService = ContentServiceFactory.getInstance().getCommunityService();
    protected static CollectionService collectionService = ContentServiceFactory.getInstance().getCollectionService();
    protected static EPersonService ePersonService = EPersonServiceFactory.getInstance().getEPersonService();

+    /**
+     * Default constructor
+     */
+    private StructBuilder() { }
+
    /**
     * Main method to be run from the command line to import a structure into
     * DSpace
-     * 
+     *
     * This is of the form:
-     * 
-     * StructBuilder -f [xml source] -e [administrator email] -o [output file]
-     * 
+     *
+     * {@code StructBuilder -f [xml source] -e [administrator email] -o [output file]}
+     *
     * The output file will contain exactly the same as the source xml document, but
     * with the handle for each imported item added as an attribute.
+     *
+     * @param argv the command line arguments given
+     * @throws Exception if an error occurs
     */
-    public static void main(String[] argv) 
-    	throws Exception
-    {
+    public static void main(String[] argv)
+        throws Exception {
        CommandLineParser parser = new PosixParser();

-    	Options options = new Options();
+        Options options = new Options();
+
+        options.addOption("f", "file", true, "file");
+        options.addOption("e", "eperson", true, "eperson");
+        options.addOption("o", "output", true, "output");
+
+        CommandLine line = parser.parse(options, argv);
+
+        String file = null;
+        String eperson = null;
+        String output = null;
+
+        if (line.hasOption('f')) {
+            file = line.getOptionValue('f');
+        }
+
+        if (line.hasOption('e')) {
+            eperson = line.getOptionValue('e');
+        }
+
+        if (line.hasOption('o')) {
+            output = line.getOptionValue('o');
+        }
+
+        if (output == null || eperson == null || file == null) {
+            usage();
+            System.exit(0);
+        }

-    	options.addOption( "f", "file", true, "file");
-    	options.addOption( "e", "eperson", true, "eperson");
-    	options.addOption("o", "output", true, "output");
-    	
-    	CommandLine line = parser.parse( options, argv );
-    	
-    	String file = null;
-    	String eperson = null;
-    	String output = null;
-    	
-    	if (line.hasOption('f'))
-    	{
-    	    file = line.getOptionValue('f');
-    	}
-    	
-    	if (line.hasOption('e'))
-    	{
-    	    eperson = line.getOptionValue('e');
-    	}
-    	
-    	if (line.hasOption('o'))
-    	{
-    	    output = line.getOptionValue('o');
-    	}
-    	
-    	if (output == null || eperson == null || file == null)
-    	{
-    	    usage();
-    	    System.exit(0);
-    	}
-    	
        // create a context
        Context context = new Context();
-        
+
        // set the context
        context.setCurrentUser(ePersonService.findByEmail(context, eperson));
- 
+
        // load the XML
        Document document = loadXML(file);
-        
+
        // run the preliminary validation, to be sure that the the XML document
        // is properly structured
        validate(document);
-        
+
        // load the mappings into the member variable hashmaps
        communityMap.put("name", "name");
        communityMap.put("description", "short_description");
        communityMap.put("intro", "introductory_text");
        communityMap.put("copyright", "copyright_text");
        communityMap.put("sidebar", "side_bar_text");
-        
+
        collectionMap.put("name", "name");
        collectionMap.put("description", "short_description");
        collectionMap.put("intro", "introductory_text");
@@ -158,267 +163,232 @@ public class StructBuilder
        collectionMap.put("sidebar", "side_bar_text");
        collectionMap.put("license", "license");
        collectionMap.put("provenance", "provenance_description");
-        
+
        // get the top level community list
        NodeList first = XPathAPI.selectNodeList(document, "/import_structure/community");
-        
+
        // run the import starting with the top level communities
        Element[] elements = handleCommunities(context, first, null);
-        
+
        // generate the output
        Element root = xmlOutput.getRootElement();
-        for (int i = 0; i < elements.length; i++)
-        {
+        for (int i = 0; i < elements.length; i++) {
            root.addContent(elements[i]);
        }
-        
+
        // finally write the string into the output file
-        try 
-        {
+        try {
            BufferedWriter out = new BufferedWriter(new FileWriter(output));
            out.write(new XMLOutputter().outputString(xmlOutput));
            out.close();
-        } 
-        catch (IOException e) 
-        {
+        } catch (IOException e) {
            System.out.println("Unable to write to output file " + output);
            System.exit(0);
        }
-        
+
        context.complete();
    }
-    
+
    /**
     * Output the usage information
     */
-    private static void usage()
-    {
+    private static void usage() {
        System.out.println("Usage: java StructBuilder -f <source XML file> -o <output file> -e <eperson email>");
-        System.out.println("Communities will be created from the top level, and a map of communities to handles will be returned in the output file");
+        System.out.println(
+            "Communities will be created from the top level, and a map of communities to handles will be returned in " +
+                "the output file");
        return;
    }
-    
+
    /**
     * Validate the XML document.  This method does not return, but if validation
     * fails it generates an error and ceases execution
-     * 
-     * @param	document	the XML document object
-     * @throws TransformerException
-     * 
+     *
+     * @param document the XML document object
+     * @throws TransformerException if transformer error
     */
    private static void validate(org.w3c.dom.Document document)
-    	throws TransformerException
-    {
+        throws TransformerException {
        StringBuffer err = new StringBuffer();
        boolean trip = false;
-        
+
        err.append("The following errors were encountered parsing the source XML\n");
        err.append("No changes have been made to the DSpace instance\n\n");
-        
+
        NodeList first = XPathAPI.selectNodeList(document, "/import_structure/community");
-        if (first.getLength() == 0)
-        {
+        if (first.getLength() == 0) {
            err.append("-There are no top level communities in the source document");
            System.out.println(err.toString());
            System.exit(0);
        }
-        
+
        String errs = validateCommunities(first, 1);
-        if (errs != null)
-        {
+        if (errs != null) {
            err.append(errs);
            trip = true;
        }
-        
-        if (trip)
-        {
+
+        if (trip) {
            System.out.println(err.toString());
            System.exit(0);
        }
    }
-    
+
    /**
     * Validate the communities section of the XML document.  This returns a string
     * containing any errors encountered, or null if there were no errors
-     * 
+     *
     * @param communities the NodeList of communities to validate
-     * @param level the level in the XML document that we are at, for the purposes
-     * 			of error reporting
-     * 
+     * @param level       the level in the XML document that we are at, for the purposes
+     *                    of error reporting
     * @return the errors that need to be generated by the calling method, or null if
-     * 			no errors.
+     * no errors.
     */
    private static String validateCommunities(NodeList communities, int level)
-    	throws TransformerException
-    {
+        throws TransformerException {
        StringBuffer err = new StringBuffer();
        boolean trip = false;
        String errs = null;
-        
-        for (int i = 0; i < communities.getLength(); i++)
-        {
+
+        for (int i = 0; i < communities.getLength(); i++) {
            Node n = communities.item(i);
-	        NodeList name = XPathAPI.selectNodeList(n, "name");
-	        if (name.getLength() != 1)
-	        {
-	            String pos = Integer.toString(i + 1);
-	            err.append("-The level " + level + " community in position " + pos);
-	            err.append(" does not contain exactly one name field\n");
-	            trip = true;
-	        }
-	        
-	        // validate sub communities
-	        NodeList subCommunities = XPathAPI.selectNodeList(n, "community");
-	        String comErrs = validateCommunities(subCommunities, level + 1);
-	        if (comErrs != null)
-	        {
-	            err.append(comErrs);
-	            trip = true;
-	        }
-	        
-	        // validate collections
-	        NodeList collections = XPathAPI.selectNodeList(n, "collection");
-	        String colErrs = validateCollections(collections, level + 1);
-	        if (colErrs != null)
-	        {
-	            err.append(colErrs);
-	            trip = true;
-	        }
+            NodeList name = XPathAPI.selectNodeList(n, "name");
+            if (name.getLength() != 1) {
+                String pos = Integer.toString(i + 1);
+                err.append("-The level " + level + " community in position " + pos);
+                err.append(" does not contain exactly one name field\n");
+                trip = true;
+            }
+
+            // validate sub communities
+            NodeList subCommunities = XPathAPI.selectNodeList(n, "community");
+            String comErrs = validateCommunities(subCommunities, level + 1);
+            if (comErrs != null) {
+                err.append(comErrs);
+                trip = true;
+            }
+
+            // validate collections
+            NodeList collections = XPathAPI.selectNodeList(n, "collection");
+            String colErrs = validateCollections(collections, level + 1);
+            if (colErrs != null) {
+                err.append(colErrs);
+                trip = true;
+            }
        }
-        
-        if (trip)
-        {
+
+        if (trip) {
            errs = err.toString();
        }
-        
+
        return errs;
    }
-    
+
    /**
     * validate the collection section of the XML document.  This generates a
     * string containing any errors encountered, or returns null if no errors
-     * 
+     *
     * @param collections a NodeList of collections to validate
-     * @param level the level in the XML document for the purposes of error reporting
-     * 
+     * @param level       the level in the XML document for the purposes of error reporting
     * @return the errors to be generated by the calling method, or null if none
     */
    private static String validateCollections(NodeList collections, int level)
-    	throws TransformerException
-    {
+        throws TransformerException {
        StringBuffer err = new StringBuffer();
        boolean trip = false;
        String errs = null;
-        
-        for (int i = 0; i < collections.getLength(); i++)
-        {
+
+        for (int i = 0; i < collections.getLength(); i++) {
            Node n = collections.item(i);
-	        NodeList name = XPathAPI.selectNodeList(n, "name");
-	        if (name.getLength() != 1)
-	        {
-	            String pos = Integer.toString(i + 1);
-	            err.append("-The level " + level + " collection in position " + pos);
-	            err.append(" does not contain exactly one name field\n");
-	            trip = true;
-	        }
+            NodeList name = XPathAPI.selectNodeList(n, "name");
+            if (name.getLength() != 1) {
+                String pos = Integer.toString(i + 1);
+                err.append("-The level " + level + " collection in position " + pos);
+                err.append(" does not contain exactly one name field\n");
+                trip = true;
+            }
        }
-        
-        if (trip)
-        {
+
+        if (trip) {
            errs = err.toString();
        }
-        
+
        return errs;
    }
-    
+
    /**
     * Load in the XML from file.
-     * 
-     * @param filename
-     *            the filename to load from
-     * 
+     *
+     * @param filename the filename to load from
     * @return the DOM representation of the XML file
     */
-    private static org.w3c.dom.Document loadXML(String filename) 
-    	throws IOException, ParserConfigurationException, SAXException
-    {
+    private static org.w3c.dom.Document loadXML(String filename)
+        throws IOException, ParserConfigurationException, SAXException {
        DocumentBuilder builder = DocumentBuilderFactory.newInstance()
-                .newDocumentBuilder();
+                                                        .newDocumentBuilder();

        org.w3c.dom.Document document = builder.parse(new File(filename));
-        
+
        return document;
    }
-    
+
    /**
     * Return the String value of a Node
-     * 
+     *
     * @param node the node from which we want to extract the string value
-     * 
     * @return the string value of the node
     */
-    public static String getStringValue(Node node)
-    {
+    public static String getStringValue(Node node) {
        String value = node.getNodeValue();

-        if (node.hasChildNodes())
-        {
+        if (node.hasChildNodes()) {
            Node first = node.getFirstChild();

-            if (first.getNodeType() == Node.TEXT_NODE)
-            {
+            if (first.getNodeType() == Node.TEXT_NODE) {
                return first.getNodeValue().trim();
            }
        }

        return value;
    }
-    
+
    /**
     * Take a node list of communities and build the structure from them, delegating
     * to the relevant methods in this class for sub-communities and collections
-     * 
-     * @param context the context of the request
+     *
+     * @param context     the context of the request
     * @param communities a nodelist of communities to create along with their sub-structures
-     * @param parent the parent community of the nodelist of communities to create
-     * 
-     * @return an element array containing additional information regarding the 
-     * 			created communities (e.g. the handles they have been assigned)
+     * @param parent      the parent community of the nodelist of communities to create
+     * @return an element array containing additional information regarding the
+     * created communities (e.g. the handles they have been assigned)
     */
    private static Element[] handleCommunities(Context context, NodeList communities, Community parent)
-    	throws TransformerException, SQLException, Exception
-    {
+        throws TransformerException, SQLException, Exception {
        Element[] elements = new Element[communities.getLength()];
-        
-        for (int i = 0; i < communities.getLength(); i++)
-        {
+
+        for (int i = 0; i < communities.getLength(); i++) {
            Community community;
            Element element = new Element("community");
-            
+
            // create the community or sub community
-            if (parent != null)
-            {
+            if (parent != null) {
                community = communityService.create(parent, context);
-            }
-            else
-            {
+            } else {
                community = communityService.create(null, context);
            }
-            
+
            // default the short description to be an empty string
            communityService.setMetadata(context, community, "short_description", " ");
-            
+
            // now update the metadata
            Node tn = communities.item(i);
-            for (Map.Entry<String, String> entry : communityMap.entrySet())
-            {
+            for (Map.Entry<String, String> entry : communityMap.entrySet()) {
                NodeList nl = XPathAPI.selectNodeList(tn, entry.getKey());
-                if (nl.getLength() == 1)
-                {
+                if (nl.getLength() == 1) {
                    communityService.setMetadata(context, community, entry.getValue(), getStringValue(nl.item(0)));
                }
            }
-            
+
            // FIXME: at the moment, if the community already exists by name
            // then this will throw a PSQLException on a duplicate key
            // violation
@@ -429,7 +399,7 @@ public class StructBuilder
            // to isolate the community that already exists without hitting
            // the database directly.
            communityService.update(context, community);
-            
+
            // build the element with the handle that identifies the new
            // community
            // along with all the information that we imported here
@@ -439,151 +409,134 @@ public class StructBuilder
            // case
            // we want to move it or make it switchable later
            element.setAttribute("identifier", community.getHandle());
-            
+
            Element nameElement = new Element("name");
            nameElement.setText(communityService.getMetadata(community, "name"));
            element.addContent(nameElement);
-            
-            if (communityService.getMetadata(community, "short_description") != null)
-            {
+
+            if (communityService.getMetadata(community, "short_description") != null) {
                Element descriptionElement = new Element("description");
                descriptionElement.setText(communityService.getMetadata(community, "short_description"));
                element.addContent(descriptionElement);
            }
-            
-            if (communityService.getMetadata(community, "introductory_text") != null)
-            {
+
+            if (communityService.getMetadata(community, "introductory_text") != null) {
                Element introElement = new Element("intro");
                introElement.setText(communityService.getMetadata(community, "introductory_text"));
                element.addContent(introElement);
            }
-            
-            if (communityService.getMetadata(community, "copyright_text") != null)
-            {
+
+            if (communityService.getMetadata(community, "copyright_text") != null) {
                Element copyrightElement = new Element("copyright");
                copyrightElement.setText(communityService.getMetadata(community, "copyright_text"));
                element.addContent(copyrightElement);
            }
-            
-            if (communityService.getMetadata(community, "side_bar_text") != null)
-            {
+
+            if (communityService.getMetadata(community, "side_bar_text") != null) {
                Element sidebarElement = new Element("sidebar");
                sidebarElement.setText(communityService.getMetadata(community, "side_bar_text"));
                element.addContent(sidebarElement);
            }
-            
+
            // handle sub communities
            NodeList subCommunities = XPathAPI.selectNodeList(tn, "community");
            Element[] subCommunityElements = handleCommunities(context, subCommunities, community);
-            
+
            // handle collections
            NodeList collections = XPathAPI.selectNodeList(tn, "collection");
            Element[] collectionElements = handleCollections(context, collections, community);
-            
+
            int j;
-            for (j = 0; j < subCommunityElements.length; j++)
-            {
+            for (j = 0; j < subCommunityElements.length; j++) {
                element.addContent(subCommunityElements[j]);
            }
-            for (j = 0; j < collectionElements.length; j++)
-            {
+            for (j = 0; j < collectionElements.length; j++) {
                element.addContent(collectionElements[j]);
            }
-            
+
            elements[i] = element;
        }
-        
+
        return elements;
    }
-    
+
    /**
-     *  Take a node list of collections and create the structure from them
-     * 
-     * @param context the context of the request
+     * Take a node list of collections and create the structure from them
+     *
+     * @param context     the context of the request
     * @param collections the node list of collections to be created
-     * @param parent the parent community to whom the collections belong
-     * 
+     * @param parent      the parent community to whom the collections belong
     * @return an Element array containing additional information about the
-     * 			created collections (e.g. the handle)
+     * created collections (e.g. the handle)
     */
    private static Element[] handleCollections(Context context, NodeList collections, Community parent)
-    	throws TransformerException, SQLException, AuthorizeException, IOException, Exception
-    {
+        throws TransformerException, SQLException, AuthorizeException, IOException, Exception {
        Element[] elements = new Element[collections.getLength()];
-        
-        for (int i = 0; i < collections.getLength(); i++)
-        {
+
+        for (int i = 0; i < collections.getLength(); i++) {
            Element element = new Element("collection");
            Collection collection = collectionService.create(context, parent);
-            
+
            // default the short description to the empty string
            collectionService.setMetadata(context, collection, "short_description", " ");
-            
+
            // import the rest of the metadata
            Node tn = collections.item(i);
-            for (Map.Entry<String, String> entry : collectionMap.entrySet())
-            {
+            for (Map.Entry<String, String> entry : collectionMap.entrySet()) {
                NodeList nl = XPathAPI.selectNodeList(tn, entry.getKey());
-                if (nl.getLength() == 1)
-                {
+                if (nl.getLength() == 1) {
                    collectionService.setMetadata(context, collection, entry.getValue(), getStringValue(nl.item(0)));
                }
            }

            collectionService.update(context, collection);
-            
+
            element.setAttribute("identifier", collection.getHandle());
-            
+
            Element nameElement = new Element("name");
            nameElement.setText(collectionService.getMetadata(collection, "name"));
            element.addContent(nameElement);
-            
-            if (collectionService.getMetadata(collection, "short_description") != null)
-            {
+
+            if (collectionService.getMetadata(collection, "short_description") != null) {
                Element descriptionElement = new Element("description");
                descriptionElement.setText(collectionService.getMetadata(collection, "short_description"));
                element.addContent(descriptionElement);
            }
-            
-            if (collectionService.getMetadata(collection, "introductory_text") != null)
-            {
+
+            if (collectionService.getMetadata(collection, "introductory_text") != null) {
                Element introElement = new Element("intro");
                introElement.setText(collectionService.getMetadata(collection, "introductory_text"));
                element.addContent(introElement);
            }
-            
-            if (collectionService.getMetadata(collection, "copyright_text") != null)
-            {
+
+            if (collectionService.getMetadata(collection, "copyright_text") != null) {
                Element copyrightElement = new Element("copyright");
                copyrightElement.setText(collectionService.getMetadata(collection, "copyright_text"));
                element.addContent(copyrightElement);
            }
-            
-            if (collectionService.getMetadata(collection, "side_bar_text") != null)
-            {
+
+            if (collectionService.getMetadata(collection, "side_bar_text") != null) {
                Element sidebarElement = new Element("sidebar");
                sidebarElement.setText(collectionService.getMetadata(collection, "side_bar_text"));
                element.addContent(sidebarElement);
            }
-            
-            if (collectionService.getMetadata(collection, "license") != null)
-            {
+
+            if (collectionService.getMetadata(collection, "license") != null) {
                Element sidebarElement = new Element("license");
                sidebarElement.setText(collectionService.getMetadata(collection, "license"));
                element.addContent(sidebarElement);
            }
-            
-            if (collectionService.getMetadata(collection, "provenance_description") != null)
-            {
+
+            if (collectionService.getMetadata(collection, "provenance_description") != null) {
                Element sidebarElement = new Element("provenance");
                sidebarElement.setText(collectionService.getMetadata(collection, "provenance_description"));
                element.addContent(sidebarElement);
            }
-            
+
            elements[i] = element;
        }
-        
+
        return elements;
    }
-    
+
 }
--- a/dspace-api/src/main/java/org/dspace/app/bulkedit/BulkEditChange.java
+++ b/dspace-api/src/main/java/org/dspace/app/bulkedit/BulkEditChange.java
@@ -7,67 +7,93 @@
 */
 package org.dspace.app.bulkedit;

-import org.dspace.content.Item;
-import org.dspace.content.Collection;
-
 import java.util.ArrayList;
 import java.util.List;

+import org.dspace.content.Collection;
+import org.dspace.content.Item;
+
 /**
 * Utility class to store changes to item that may occur during a batch edit.
 *
 * @author Stuart Lewis
 */
-public class BulkEditChange
-{
-    /** The item these changes relate to */
+public class BulkEditChange {
+    /**
+     * The item these changes relate to
+     */
    private Item item;

-    /** The List of hashtables with the new elements */
+    /**
+     * The List of hashtables with the new elements
+     */
    private List<BulkEditMetadataValue> adds;

-    /** The List of hashtables with the removed elements */
+    /**
+     * The List of hashtables with the removed elements
+     */
    private List<BulkEditMetadataValue> removes;

-    /** The List of hashtables with the unchanged elements */
+    /**
+     * The List of hashtables with the unchanged elements
+     */
    private List<BulkEditMetadataValue> constant;

-    /** The List of the complete set of new values (constant + adds) */
+    /**
+     * The List of the complete set of new values (constant + adds)
+     */
    private List<BulkEditMetadataValue> complete;

-    /** The list of old collections the item used to be mapped to */
+    /**
+     * The list of old collections the item used to be mapped to
+     */
    private List<Collection> oldMappedCollections;

-    /** The list of new collections the item has been mapped into */
+    /**
+     * The list of new collections the item has been mapped into
+     */
    private List<Collection> newMappedCollections;

-    /** The old owning collection */
+    /**
+     * The old owning collection
+     */
    private Collection oldOwningCollection;

-    /** The new owning collection */
+    /**
+     * The new owning collection
+     */
    private Collection newOwningCollection;

-    /** Is this a new item */
+    /**
+     * Is this a new item
+     */
    private boolean newItem;

-    /** Has this item been deleted? */
+    /**
+     * Has this item been deleted?
+     */
    private boolean deleted;

-    /** Has this item been withdrawn? */
+    /**
+     * Has this item been withdrawn?
+     */
    private boolean withdrawn;

-    /** Has this item been reinstated? */
+    /**
+     * Has this item been reinstated?
+     */
    private boolean reinstated;

-    /** Have any changes actually been made? */
+    /**
+     * Have any changes actually been made?
+     */
    private boolean empty;


    /**
-     * Initialise a change holder for a new item 
+     * Initialise a change holder for a new item
     */
-    public BulkEditChange()
-    {
+    public BulkEditChange() {
        // Set the item to be null
        item = null;
        newItem = true;
@@ -89,8 +115,7 @@ public class BulkEditChange
     *
     * @param i The Item to store
     */
-    public BulkEditChange(Item i)
-    {
+    public BulkEditChange(Item i) {
        // Store the item
        item = i;
        newItem = false;
@@ -110,8 +135,7 @@ public class BulkEditChange
     *
     * @param i The item
     */
-    public void setItem(Item i)
-    {
+    public void setItem(Item i) {
        // Store the item
        item = i;
    }
@@ -121,8 +145,7 @@ public class BulkEditChange
     *
     * @param dcv The value to add
     */
-    public void registerAdd(BulkEditMetadataValue dcv)
-    {
+    public void registerAdd(BulkEditMetadataValue dcv) {
        // Add the added value
        adds.add(dcv);
        complete.add(dcv);
@@ -134,8 +157,7 @@ public class BulkEditChange
     *
     * @param dcv The value to remove
     */
-    public void registerRemove(BulkEditMetadataValue dcv)
-    {
+    public void registerRemove(BulkEditMetadataValue dcv) {
        // Add the removed value
        removes.add(dcv);
        empty = false;
@@ -146,8 +168,7 @@ public class BulkEditChange
     *
     * @param dcv The value to keep unchanged
     */
-    public void registerConstant(BulkEditMetadataValue dcv)
-    {
+    public void registerConstant(BulkEditMetadataValue dcv) {
        // Add the removed value
        constant.add(dcv);
        complete.add(dcv);
@@ -158,8 +179,7 @@ public class BulkEditChange
     *
     * @param c The new mapped Collection
     */
-    public void registerNewMappedCollection(Collection c)
-    {
+    public void registerNewMappedCollection(Collection c) {
        // Add the new owning Collection
        newMappedCollections.add(c);
        empty = false;
@@ -170,27 +190,22 @@ public class BulkEditChange
     *
     * @param c The old mapped Collection
     */
-    public void registerOldMappedCollection(Collection c)
-    {
+    public void registerOldMappedCollection(Collection c) {
        // Add the old owning Collection (if it isn't there already, or is an old collection)
        boolean found = false;

        if ((this.getOldOwningCollection() != null) &&
-            (this.getOldOwningCollection().getHandle().equals(c.getHandle())))
-        {
+            (this.getOldOwningCollection().getHandle().equals(c.getHandle()))) {
            found = true;
        }

-        for (Collection collection : oldMappedCollections)
-        {
-            if (collection.getHandle().equals(c.getHandle()))
-            {
+        for (Collection collection : oldMappedCollections) {
+            if (collection.getHandle().equals(c.getHandle())) {
                found = true;
            }
        }

-        if (!found)
-        {
+        if (!found) {
            oldMappedCollections.add(c);
            empty = false;
        }
@@ -202,8 +217,7 @@ public class BulkEditChange
     * @param oldC The old owning collection
     * @param newC The new owning collection
     */
-    public void changeOwningCollection(Collection oldC, Collection newC)
-    {
+    public void changeOwningCollection(Collection oldC, Collection newC) {
        // Store the old owning collection
        oldOwningCollection = oldC;

@@ -217,8 +231,7 @@ public class BulkEditChange
     *
     * @param newC The new owning collection
     */
-    public void setOwningCollection(Collection newC)
-    {
+    public void setOwningCollection(Collection newC) {
        // Store the new owning collection
        newOwningCollection = newC;
        //empty = false;
@@ -229,8 +242,7 @@ public class BulkEditChange
     *
     * @return The item
     */
-    public Item getItem()
-    {
+    public Item getItem() {
        // Return the item
        return item;
    }
@@ -240,8 +252,7 @@ public class BulkEditChange
     *
     * @return the list of elements and their values that have been added.
     */
-    public List<BulkEditMetadataValue> getAdds()
-    {
+    public List<BulkEditMetadataValue> getAdds() {
        // Return the array
        return adds;
    }
@@ -251,8 +262,7 @@ public class BulkEditChange
     *
     * @return the list of elements and their values that have been removed.
     */
-    public List<BulkEditMetadataValue> getRemoves()
-    {
+    public List<BulkEditMetadataValue> getRemoves() {
        // Return the array
        return removes;
    }
@@ -262,8 +272,7 @@ public class BulkEditChange
     *
     * @return the list of unchanged values
     */
-    public List<BulkEditMetadataValue> getConstant()
-    {
+    public List<BulkEditMetadataValue> getConstant() {
        // Return the array
        return constant;
    }
@@ -273,8 +282,7 @@ public class BulkEditChange
     *
     * @return the list of all values
     */
-    public List<BulkEditMetadataValue> getComplete()
-    {
+    public List<BulkEditMetadataValue> getComplete() {
        // Return the array
        return complete;
    }
@@ -284,8 +292,7 @@ public class BulkEditChange
     *
     * @return the list of new mapped collections
     */
-    public List<Collection> getNewMappedCollections()
-    {
+    public List<Collection> getNewMappedCollections() {
        // Return the array
        return newMappedCollections;
    }
@@ -295,8 +302,7 @@ public class BulkEditChange
     *
     * @return the list of old mapped collections
     */
-    public List<Collection> getOldMappedCollections()
-    {
+    public List<Collection> getOldMappedCollections() {
        // Return the array
        return oldMappedCollections;
    }
@@ -306,8 +312,7 @@ public class BulkEditChange
     *
     * @return the old owning collection
     */
-    public Collection getOldOwningCollection()
-    {
+    public Collection getOldOwningCollection() {
        // Return the old owning collection
        return oldOwningCollection;
    }
@@ -317,8 +322,7 @@ public class BulkEditChange
     *
     * @return the new owning collection
     */
-    public Collection getNewOwningCollection()
-    {
+    public Collection getNewOwningCollection() {
        // Return the new owning collection
        return newOwningCollection;
    }
@@ -328,8 +332,7 @@ public class BulkEditChange
     *
     * @return Whether or not this is for a new item
     */
-    public boolean isNewItem()
-    {
+    public boolean isNewItem() {
        // Return the new item status
        return newItem;
    }
@@ -339,8 +342,7 @@ public class BulkEditChange
     *
     * @return Whether or not this is for a deleted item
     */
-    public boolean isDeleted()
-    {
+    public boolean isDeleted() {
        // Return the new item status
        return deleted;
    }
@@ -359,8 +361,7 @@ public class BulkEditChange
     *
     * @return Whether or not this is for a withdrawn item
     */
-    public boolean isWithdrawn()
-    {
+    public boolean isWithdrawn() {
        // Return the new item status
        return withdrawn;
    }
@@ -379,8 +380,7 @@ public class BulkEditChange
     *
     * @return Whether or not this is for a reinstated item
     */
-    public boolean isReinstated()
-    {
+    public boolean isReinstated() {
        // Return the new item status
        return reinstated;
    }
@@ -399,8 +399,7 @@ public class BulkEditChange
     *
     * @return Whether or not changes have been made
     */
-    public boolean hasChanges()
-    {
+    public boolean hasChanges() {
        return !empty;
    }
 }
--- a/dspace-api/src/main/java/org/dspace/app/bulkedit/DSpaceCSV.java
+++ b/dspace-api/src/main/java/org/dspace/app/bulkedit/DSpaceCSV.java
@@ -7,7 +7,26 @@
 */
 package org.dspace.app.bulkedit;

-import org.apache.commons.lang3.StringUtils;
+import java.io.BufferedReader;
+import java.io.BufferedWriter;
+import java.io.File;
+import java.io.FileInputStream;
+import java.io.FileOutputStream;
+import java.io.IOException;
+import java.io.InputStreamReader;
+import java.io.OutputStreamWriter;
+import java.io.Serializable;
+import java.util.ArrayList;
+import java.util.Arrays;
+import java.util.Collections;
+import java.util.HashMap;
+import java.util.Iterator;
+import java.util.List;
+import java.util.Map;
+import java.util.UUID;
+import java.util.regex.Matcher;
+import java.util.regex.Pattern;
+
 import org.dspace.authority.AuthorityValue;
 import org.dspace.authority.factory.AuthorityServiceFactory;
 import org.dspace.authority.service.AuthorityValueService;
@@ -16,19 +35,14 @@ import org.dspace.content.Item;
 import org.dspace.content.MetadataField;
 import org.dspace.content.MetadataSchema;
 import org.dspace.content.MetadataValue;
+import org.dspace.content.authority.Choices;
 import org.dspace.content.factory.ContentServiceFactory;
 import org.dspace.content.service.ItemService;
 import org.dspace.content.service.MetadataFieldService;
 import org.dspace.content.service.MetadataSchemaService;
-import org.dspace.content.authority.Choices;
 import org.dspace.core.Context;
 import org.dspace.services.factory.DSpaceServicesFactory;

-import java.util.*;
-import java.util.regex.Pattern;
-import java.util.regex.Matcher;
-import java.io.*;
-
 /**
 * Utility class to read and write CSV files
 *
@@ -38,50 +52,74 @@ import java.io.*;
 *
 * This class has been made serializable, as it is stored in a Session.
 * Is it wise to:
- *    a) be putting this into a user's session?
- *    b) holding an entire CSV upload in memory?
+ * a) be putting this into a user's session?
+ * b) holding an entire CSV upload in memory?
 *
 * @author Stuart Lewis
 */
-public class DSpaceCSV implements Serializable
-{
-    /** The headings of the CSV file */
+public class DSpaceCSV implements Serializable {
+    /**
+     * The headings of the CSV file
+     */
    protected List<String> headings;

-    /** An array list of CSV lines */
+    /**
+     * An array list of CSV lines
+     */
    protected List<DSpaceCSVLine> lines;

-    /** A counter of how many CSV lines this object holds */
+    /**
+     * A counter of how many CSV lines this object holds
+     */
    protected int counter;

-    /** The value separator (defaults to double pipe '||') */
+    /**
+     * The value separator (defaults to double pipe '||')
+     */
    protected String valueSeparator;

-    /** The value separator in an escaped form for using in regexes */
+    /**
+     * The value separator in an escaped form for using in regexes
+     */
    protected String escapedValueSeparator;

-    /** The field separator (defaults to comma) */
+    /**
+     * The field separator (defaults to comma)
+     */
    protected String fieldSeparator;

-    /** The field separator in an escaped form for using in regexes */
+    /**
+     * The field separator in an escaped form for using in regexes
+     */
    protected String escapedFieldSeparator;

-    /** The authority separator (defaults to double colon '::') */
+    /**
+     * The authority separator (defaults to double colon '::')
+     */
    protected String authoritySeparator;

-    /** The authority separator in an escaped form for using in regexes */
+    /**
+     * The authority separator in an escaped form for using in regexes
+     */
    protected String escapedAuthoritySeparator;

    protected transient final ItemService itemService = ContentServiceFactory.getInstance().getItemService();
-    protected transient final MetadataSchemaService metadataSchemaService = ContentServiceFactory.getInstance().getMetadataSchemaService();
-    protected transient final MetadataFieldService metadataFieldService = ContentServiceFactory.getInstance().getMetadataFieldService();
-    protected transient final AuthorityValueService authorityValueService = AuthorityServiceFactory.getInstance().getAuthorityValueService();
+    protected transient final MetadataSchemaService metadataSchemaService =
+        ContentServiceFactory.getInstance().getMetadataSchemaService();
+    protected transient final MetadataFieldService metadataFieldService =
+        ContentServiceFactory.getInstance().getMetadataFieldService();
+    protected transient final AuthorityValueService authorityValueService =
+        AuthorityServiceFactory.getInstance().getAuthorityValueService();


-    /** Whether to export all metadata such as handles and provenance information */
+    /**
+     * Whether to export all metadata such as handles and provenance information
+     */
    protected boolean exportAll;

-    /** A list of metadata elements to ignore */
+    /**
+     * A list of metadata elements to ignore
+     */
    protected Map<String, String> ignore;


@@ -90,8 +128,7 @@ public class DSpaceCSV implements Serializable
     *
     * @param exportAll Whether to export all metadata such as handles and provenance information
     */
-    public DSpaceCSV(boolean exportAll)
-    {
+    public DSpaceCSV(boolean exportAll) {
        // Initialise the class
        init();

@@ -104,48 +141,37 @@ public class DSpaceCSV implements Serializable
     *
     * @param f The file to read from
     * @param c The DSpace Context
-     *
     * @throws Exception thrown if there is an error reading or processing the file
     */
-    public DSpaceCSV(File f, Context c) throws Exception
-    {
+    public DSpaceCSV(File f, Context c) throws Exception {
        // Initialise the class
        init();

        // Open the CSV file
        BufferedReader input = null;
-        try
-        {
-            input = new BufferedReader(new InputStreamReader(new FileInputStream(f),"UTF-8"));
+        try {
+            input = new BufferedReader(new InputStreamReader(new FileInputStream(f), "UTF-8"));

            // Read the heading line
            String head = input.readLine();
            String[] headingElements = head.split(escapedFieldSeparator);
            int columnCounter = 0;
-            for (String element : headingElements)
-            {
+            for (String element : headingElements) {
                columnCounter++;

                // Remove surrounding quotes if there are any
-                if ((element.startsWith("\"")) && (element.endsWith("\"")))
-                {
+                if ((element.startsWith("\"")) && (element.endsWith("\""))) {
                    element = element.substring(1, element.length() - 1);
                }

                // Store the heading
-                if ("collection".equals(element))
-                {
+                if ("collection".equals(element)) {
                    // Store the heading
                    headings.add(element);
-                }
-                // Store the action
-                else if ("action".equals(element))
-                {
+                } else if ("action".equals(element)) { // Store the action
                    // Store the heading
                    headings.add(element);
-                }
-                else if (!"id".equals(element))
-                {
+                } else if (!"id".equals(element)) {
                    String authorityPrefix = "";
                    AuthorityValue authorityValueType = authorityValueService.getAuthorityValueType(element);
                    if (authorityValueType != null) {
@@ -180,7 +206,8 @@ public class DSpaceCSV implements Serializable
                    }

                    // Check that the metadata element exists in the schema
-                    MetadataField foundField = metadataFieldService.findByElement(c, foundSchema, metadataElement, metadataQualifier);
+                    MetadataField foundField = metadataFieldService
+                        .findByElement(c, foundSchema, metadataElement, metadataQualifier);
                    if (foundField == null) {
                        throw new MetadataImportInvalidHeadingException(clean[0],
                                                                        MetadataImportInvalidHeadingException.ELEMENT,
@@ -196,8 +223,7 @@ public class DSpaceCSV implements Serializable
            StringBuilder lineBuilder = new StringBuilder();
            String lineRead;

-            while (StringUtils.isNotBlank(lineRead = input.readLine()))
-            {
+            while ((lineRead = input.readLine()) != null) {
                if (lineBuilder.length() > 0) {
                    // Already have a previously read value - add this line
                    lineBuilder.append("\n").append(lineRead);
@@ -236,11 +262,8 @@ public class DSpaceCSV implements Serializable
                    addItem(lineRead);
                }
            }
-        }
-        finally
-        {
-            if (input != null)
-            {
+        } finally {
+            if (input != null) {
                input.close();
            }
        }
@@ -249,8 +272,7 @@ public class DSpaceCSV implements Serializable
    /**
     * Initialise this class with values from dspace.cfg
     */
-    protected void init()
-    {
+    protected void init() {
        // Set the value separator
        setValueSeparator();

@@ -273,13 +295,16 @@ public class DSpaceCSV implements Serializable
        ignore = new HashMap<>();

        // Specify default values
-        String[] defaultValues = new String[]{"dc.date.accessioned, dc.date.available, " +
-                                              "dc.date.updated, dc.description.provenance"};
-        String[] toIgnoreArray = DSpaceServicesFactory.getInstance().getConfigurationService().getArrayProperty("bulkedit.ignore-on-export", defaultValues);
-        for (String toIgnoreString : toIgnoreArray)
-        {
-            if (!"".equals(toIgnoreString.trim()))
-            {
+        String[] defaultValues =
+            new String[] {
+                "dc.date.accessioned, dc.date.available, dc.date.updated, dc.description.provenance"
+            };
+        String[] toIgnoreArray =
+            DSpaceServicesFactory.getInstance()
+                                 .getConfigurationService()
+                                 .getArrayProperty("bulkedit.ignore-on-export", defaultValues);
+        for (String toIgnoreString : toIgnoreArray) {
+            if (!"".equals(toIgnoreString.trim())) {
                ignore.put(toIgnoreString.trim(), toIgnoreString.trim());
            }
        }
@@ -307,16 +332,13 @@ public class DSpaceCSV implements Serializable
     *
     * If not set, defaults to double pipe '||'
     */
-    private void setValueSeparator()
-    {
+    private void setValueSeparator() {
        // Get the value separator
-        valueSeparator = DSpaceServicesFactory.getInstance().getConfigurationService().getProperty("bulkedit.valueseparator");
-        if ((valueSeparator != null) && (!"".equals(valueSeparator.trim())))
-        {
+        valueSeparator = DSpaceServicesFactory.getInstance().getConfigurationService()
+                                              .getProperty("bulkedit.valueseparator");
+        if ((valueSeparator != null) && (!"".equals(valueSeparator.trim()))) {
            valueSeparator = valueSeparator.trim();
-        }
-        else
-        {
+        } else {
            valueSeparator = "||";
        }

@@ -336,32 +358,22 @@ public class DSpaceCSV implements Serializable
     * Special values are 'tab', 'hash' and 'semicolon' which will
     * get substituted from the text to the value.
     */
-    private void setFieldSeparator()
-    {
+    private void setFieldSeparator() {
        // Get the value separator
-        fieldSeparator =DSpaceServicesFactory.getInstance().getConfigurationService().getProperty("bulkedit.fieldseparator");
-        if ((fieldSeparator != null) && (!"".equals(fieldSeparator.trim())))
-        {
+        fieldSeparator = DSpaceServicesFactory.getInstance().getConfigurationService()
+                                              .getProperty("bulkedit.fieldseparator");
+        if ((fieldSeparator != null) && (!"".equals(fieldSeparator.trim()))) {
            fieldSeparator = fieldSeparator.trim();
-            if ("tab".equals(fieldSeparator))
-            {
+            if ("tab".equals(fieldSeparator)) {
                fieldSeparator = "\t";
-            }
-            else if ("semicolon".equals(fieldSeparator))
-            {
+            } else if ("semicolon".equals(fieldSeparator)) {
                fieldSeparator = ";";
-            }
-            else if ("hash".equals(fieldSeparator))
-            {
+            } else if ("hash".equals(fieldSeparator)) {
                fieldSeparator = "#";
-            }
-            else
-            {
+            } else {
                fieldSeparator = fieldSeparator.trim();
            }
-        }
-        else
-        {
+        } else {
            fieldSeparator = ",";
        }

@@ -371,23 +383,20 @@ public class DSpaceCSV implements Serializable
        escapedFieldSeparator = match.replaceAll("\\\\$1");
    }

-     /**
+    /**
     * Set the authority separator for value with authority data.
     *
     * Is set in dspace.cfg as bulkedit.authorityseparator
     *
     * If not set, defaults to double colon '::'
     */
-    private void setAuthoritySeparator()
-    {
+    private void setAuthoritySeparator() {
        // Get the value separator
-        authoritySeparator = DSpaceServicesFactory.getInstance().getConfigurationService().getProperty("bulkedit.authorityseparator");
-        if ((authoritySeparator != null) && (!"".equals(authoritySeparator.trim())))
-        {
+        authoritySeparator = DSpaceServicesFactory.getInstance().getConfigurationService()
+                                                  .getProperty("bulkedit.authorityseparator");
+        if ((authoritySeparator != null) && (!"".equals(authoritySeparator.trim()))) {
            authoritySeparator = authoritySeparator.trim();
-        }
-        else
-        {
+        } else {
            authoritySeparator = "::";
        }

@@ -401,11 +410,9 @@ public class DSpaceCSV implements Serializable
     * Add a DSpace item to the CSV file
     *
     * @param i The DSpace item
-     *
     * @throws Exception if something goes wrong with adding the Item
     */
-    public final void addItem(Item i) throws Exception
-    {
+    public final void addItem(Item i) throws Exception {
        // If the item does not have an "owningCollection" the the below "getHandle()" call will fail
        // This should not happen but is here for safety.
        if (i.getOwningCollection() == null) {
@@ -421,49 +428,42 @@ public class DSpaceCSV implements Serializable

        // Add in any mapped collections
        List<Collection> collections = i.getCollections();
-        for (Collection c : collections)
-        {
+        for (Collection c : collections) {
            // Only add if it is not the owning collection
-            if (!c.getHandle().equals(owningCollectionHandle))
-            {
+            if (!c.getHandle().equals(owningCollectionHandle)) {
                line.add("collection", c.getHandle());
            }
        }

        // Populate it
        List<MetadataValue> md = itemService.getMetadata(i, Item.ANY, Item.ANY, Item.ANY, Item.ANY);
-        for (MetadataValue value : md)
-        {
+        for (MetadataValue value : md) {
            MetadataField metadataField = value.getMetadataField();
            MetadataSchema metadataSchema = metadataField.getMetadataSchema();
            // Get the key (schema.element)
            String key = metadataSchema.getName() + "." + metadataField.getElement();

            // Add the qualifier if there is one (schema.element.qualifier)
-            if (metadataField.getQualifier() != null)
-            {
+            if (metadataField.getQualifier() != null) {
                key = key + "." + metadataField.getQualifier();
            }

            // Add the language if there is one (schema.element.qualifier[langauge])
            //if ((value.language != null) && (!"".equals(value.language)))
-            if (value.getLanguage() != null)
-            {
+            if (value.getLanguage() != null) {
                key = key + "[" + value.getLanguage() + "]";
            }

            // Store the item
-            if (exportAll || okToExport(metadataField))
-            {
+            if (exportAll || okToExport(metadataField)) {
                // Add authority and confidence if authority is not null
                String mdValue = value.getValue();
-                if (value.getAuthority() != null && !"".equals(value.getAuthority()))
-                {
-                    mdValue += authoritySeparator + value.getAuthority() + authoritySeparator + (value.getConfidence() != -1 ? value.getConfidence() : Choices.CF_ACCEPTED);
+                if (value.getAuthority() != null && !"".equals(value.getAuthority())) {
+                    mdValue += authoritySeparator + value.getAuthority() + authoritySeparator + (value
+                        .getConfidence() != -1 ? value.getConfidence() : Choices.CF_ACCEPTED);
                }
                line.add(key, mdValue);
-                if (!headings.contains(key))
-                {
+                if (!headings.contains(key)) {
                    headings.add(key);
                }
            }
@@ -478,12 +478,10 @@ public class DSpaceCSV implements Serializable
     * @param line The line of elements
     * @throws Exception Thrown if an error occurs when adding the item
     */
-    public final void addItem(String line) throws Exception
-    {
+    public final void addItem(String line) throws Exception {
        // Check to see if the last character is a field separator, which hides the last empty column
        boolean last = false;
-        if (line.endsWith(fieldSeparator))
-        {
+        if (line.endsWith(fieldSeparator)) {
            // Add a space to the end, then remove it later
            last = true;
            line += " ";
@@ -496,15 +494,12 @@ public class DSpaceCSV implements Serializable

        // Merge parts with embedded separators
        boolean alldone = false;
-        while (!alldone)
-        {
+        while (!alldone) {
            boolean found = false;
            int i = 0;
-            for (String part : bits)
-            {
+            for (String part : bits) {
                int bitcounter = part.length() - part.replaceAll("\"", "").length();
-                if ((part.startsWith("\"")) && ((!part.endsWith("\"")) || ((bitcounter & 1) == 1)))
-                {
+                if ((part.startsWith("\"")) && ((!part.endsWith("\"")) || ((bitcounter & 1) == 1))) {
                    found = true;
                    String add = bits.get(i) + fieldSeparator + bits.get(i + 1);
                    bits.remove(i);
@@ -519,10 +514,8 @@ public class DSpaceCSV implements Serializable

        // Deal with quotes around the elements
        int i = 0;
-        for (String part : bits)
-        {
-            if ((part.startsWith("\"")) && (part.endsWith("\"")))
-            {
+        for (String part : bits) {
+            if ((part.startsWith("\"")) && (part.endsWith("\""))) {
                part = part.substring(1, part.length() - 1);
                bits.set(i, part);
            }
@@ -531,10 +524,8 @@ public class DSpaceCSV implements Serializable

        // Remove embedded quotes
        i = 0;
-        for (String part : bits)
-        {
-            if (part.contains("\"\""))
-            {
+        for (String part : bits) {
+            if (part.contains("\"\"")) {
                part = part.replaceAll("\"\"", "\"");
                bits.set(i, part);
            }
@@ -546,34 +537,25 @@ public class DSpaceCSV implements Serializable
        DSpaceCSVLine csvLine;

        // Is this an existing item, or a new item (where id = '+')
-        if ("+".equals(id))
-        {
+        if ("+".equals(id)) {
            csvLine = new DSpaceCSVLine();
-        }
-        else
-        {
-            try
-            {
+        } else {
+            try {
                csvLine = new DSpaceCSVLine(UUID.fromString(id));
-            }
-            catch (NumberFormatException nfe)
-            {
+            } catch (NumberFormatException nfe) {
                System.err.println("Invalid item identifier: " + id);
                System.err.println("Please check your CSV file for information. " +
-                                   "Item id must be numeric, or a '+' to add a new item");
-                throw(nfe);
+                                       "Item id must be numeric, or a '+' to add a new item");
+                throw (nfe);
            }
        }

        // Add the rest of the parts
        i = 0;
-        for (String part : bits)
-        {
-            if (i > 0)
-            {
+        for (String part : bits) {
+            if (i > 0) {
                // Is this a last empty item?
-                if ((last) && (i == headings.size()))
-                {
+                if ((last) && (i == headings.size())) {
                    part = "";
                }

@@ -585,10 +567,8 @@ public class DSpaceCSV implements Serializable
                }
                csvLine.add(headings.get(i - 1), null);
                String[] elements = part.split(escapedValueSeparator);
-                for (String element : elements)
-                {
-                    if ((element != null) && (!"".equals(element)))
-                    {
+                for (String element : elements) {
+                    if ((element != null) && (!"".equals(element))) {
                        csvLine.add(headings.get(i - 1), element);
                    }
                }
@@ -604,8 +584,7 @@ public class DSpaceCSV implements Serializable
     *
     * @return The lines
     */
-    public final List<DSpaceCSVLine> getCSVLines()
-    {
+    public final List<DSpaceCSVLine> getCSVLines() {
        // Return the lines
        return lines;
    }
@@ -615,23 +594,20 @@ public class DSpaceCSV implements Serializable
     *
     * @return the array of CSV formatted Strings
     */
-    public final String[] getCSVLinesAsStringArray()
-    {
+    public final String[] getCSVLinesAsStringArray() {
        // Create the headings line
        String[] csvLines = new String[counter + 1];
        csvLines[0] = "id" + fieldSeparator + "collection";
        List<String> headingsCopy = new ArrayList<>(headings);
        Collections.sort(headingsCopy);
-        for (String value : headingsCopy)
-        {
+        for (String value : headingsCopy) {
            csvLines[0] = csvLines[0] + fieldSeparator + value;
        }

        Iterator<DSpaceCSVLine> i = lines.iterator();
        int c = 1;
-        while (i.hasNext())
-        {
-            csvLines[c++] = i.next().toCSV(headingsCopy, fieldSeparator);
+        while (i.hasNext()) {
+            csvLines[c++] = i.next().toCSV(headingsCopy, fieldSeparator, valueSeparator);
        }

        return csvLines;
@@ -641,15 +617,13 @@ public class DSpaceCSV implements Serializable
     * Save the CSV file to the given filename
     *
     * @param filename The filename to save the CSV file to
-     *
     * @throws IOException Thrown if an error occurs when writing the file
     */
-    public final void save(String filename) throws IOException
-    {
+    public final void save(String filename) throws IOException {
        // Save the file
        BufferedWriter out = new BufferedWriter(
-                             new OutputStreamWriter(
-                             new FileOutputStream(filename), "UTF-8"));
+            new OutputStreamWriter(
+                new FileOutputStream(filename), "UTF-8"));
        for (String csvLine : getCSVLinesAsStringArray()) {
            out.write(csvLine + "\n");
        }
@@ -666,12 +640,10 @@ public class DSpaceCSV implements Serializable
     * @param md The Metadatum to examine
     * @return Whether or not it is OK to export this element
     */
-    protected boolean okToExport(MetadataField md)
-    {
+    protected boolean okToExport(MetadataField md) {
        // Now compare with the list to ignore
        String key = md.getMetadataSchema().getName() + "." + md.getElement();
-        if (md.getQualifier() != null)
-        {
+        if (md.getQualifier() != null) {
            key += "." + md.getQualifier();
        }
        if (ignore.get(key) != null) {
@@ -687,8 +659,7 @@ public class DSpaceCSV implements Serializable
     *
     * @return The headings
     */
-    public List<String> getHeadings()
-    {
+    public List<String> getHeadings() {
        return headings;
    }

@@ -698,13 +669,11 @@ public class DSpaceCSV implements Serializable
     * @return The formatted String as a csv
     */
    @Override
-    public final String toString()
-    {
+    public final String toString() {
        // Return the csv as one long string
        StringBuilder csvLines = new StringBuilder();
        String[] lines = this.getCSVLinesAsStringArray();
-        for (String line : lines)
-        {
+        for (String line : lines) {
            csvLines.append(line).append("\n");
        }
        return csvLines.toString();
--- a/dspace-api/src/main/java/org/dspace/app/bulkedit/DSpaceCSVLine.java
+++ b/dspace-api/src/main/java/org/dspace/app/bulkedit/DSpaceCSVLine.java
@@ -7,30 +7,41 @@
 */
 package org.dspace.app.bulkedit;

+import java.io.Serializable;
+import java.util.ArrayList;
+import java.util.Comparator;
+import java.util.List;
+import java.util.Map;
+import java.util.Set;
+import java.util.TreeMap;
+import java.util.UUID;
+
 import org.dspace.authority.AuthorityValue;
 import org.dspace.authority.factory.AuthorityServiceFactory;
 import org.dspace.authority.service.AuthorityValueService;

-import java.io.Serializable;
-import java.util.*;
-
 /**
 * Utility class to store a line from a CSV file
 *
 * @author Stuart Lewis
 */
-public class DSpaceCSVLine implements Serializable
-{
-    /** The item id of the item represented by this line. -1 is for a new item */
+public class DSpaceCSVLine implements Serializable {
+    /**
+     * The item id of the item represented by this line. -1 is for a new item
+     */
    private final UUID id;

-    /** The elements in this line in a hashtable, keyed by the metadata type */
+    /**
+     * The elements in this line in a hashtable, keyed by the metadata type
+     */
    private final Map<String, ArrayList> items;

    protected transient final AuthorityValueService authorityValueService
-            = AuthorityServiceFactory.getInstance().getAuthorityValueService();
+        = AuthorityServiceFactory.getInstance().getAuthorityValueService();

-    /** ensuring that the order-sensible columns of the csv are processed in the correct order */
+    /**
+     * ensuring that the order-sensible columns of the csv are processed in the correct order
+     */
    private transient final Comparator<? super String> headerComparator = new Comparator<String>() {
        @Override
        public int compare(String md1, String md2) {
@@ -41,8 +52,7 @@ public class DSpaceCSVLine implements Serializable
            int compare;
            if (source1 == null && source2 != null) {
                compare = -1;
-            }
-            else if (source1 != null && source2 == null) {
+            } else if (source1 != null && source2 == null) {
                compare = 1;
            } else {
                // the order of the rest does not matter
@@ -57,8 +67,7 @@ public class DSpaceCSVLine implements Serializable
     *
     * @param itemId The item ID of the line
     */
-    public DSpaceCSVLine(UUID itemId)
-    {
+    public DSpaceCSVLine(UUID itemId) {
        // Store the ID + separator, and initialise the hashtable
        this.id = itemId;
        items = new TreeMap<>(headerComparator);
@@ -68,8 +77,7 @@ public class DSpaceCSVLine implements Serializable
    /**
     * Create a new CSV line for a new item
     */
-    public DSpaceCSVLine()
-    {
+    public DSpaceCSVLine() {
        // Set the ID to be null, and initialise the hashtable
        this.id = null;
        this.items = new TreeMap<>(headerComparator);
@@ -80,8 +88,7 @@ public class DSpaceCSVLine implements Serializable
     *
     * @return The item ID
     */
-    public UUID getID()
-    {
+    public UUID getID() {
        // Return the ID
        return id;
    }
@@ -89,20 +96,17 @@ public class DSpaceCSVLine implements Serializable
    /**
     * Add a new metadata value to this line
     *
-     * @param key The metadata key (e.g. dc.contributor.author)
+     * @param key   The metadata key (e.g. dc.contributor.author)
     * @param value The metadata value
     */
-    public void add(String key, String value)
-    {
+    public void add(String key, String value) {
        // Create the array list if we need to
-        if (items.get(key) == null)
-        {
+        if (items.get(key) == null) {
            items.put(key, new ArrayList<String>());
        }

        // Store the item if it is not null
-        if (value != null)
-        {
+        if (value != null) {
            items.get(key).add(value);
        }
    }
@@ -113,8 +117,7 @@ public class DSpaceCSVLine implements Serializable
     * @param key The metadata key
     * @return All the elements that match
     */
-    public List<String> get(String key)
-    {
+    public List<String> get(String key) {
        // Return any relevant values
        return items.get(key);
    }
@@ -124,12 +127,11 @@ public class DSpaceCSVLine implements Serializable
     *
     * @return The action (may be blank, 'withdraw', 'reinstate' or 'delete')
     */
-    public String getAction()
-    {
+    public String getAction() {
        if (items.containsKey("action")) {
            ArrayList actions = items.get("action");
            if (actions.size() > 0) {
-                return ((String)actions.get(0)).trim();
+                return ((String) actions.get(0)).trim();
            }
        }
        return "";
@@ -140,8 +142,7 @@ public class DSpaceCSVLine implements Serializable
     *
     * @return An enumeration of all the keys
     */
-    public Set<String> keys()
-    {
+    public Set<String> keys() {
        // Return the keys
        return items.keySet();
    }
@@ -149,26 +150,24 @@ public class DSpaceCSVLine implements Serializable
    /**
     * Write this line out as a CSV formatted string, in the order given by the headings provided
     *
-     * @param headings The headings which define the order the elements must be presented in
-     * @param fieldSeparator
+     * @param headings       The headings which define the order the elements must be presented in
+     * @param fieldSeparator separator between metadata fields
+     * @param valueSeparator separator between metadata values (within a field)
     * @return The CSV formatted String
     */
-    protected String toCSV(List<String> headings, String fieldSeparator)
-    {
+    protected String toCSV(List<String> headings, String fieldSeparator, String valueSeparator) {
        StringBuilder bits = new StringBuilder();

        // Add the id
        bits.append("\"").append(id).append("\"").append(fieldSeparator);
-        bits.append(valueToCSV(items.get("collection"), fieldSeparator));
+        bits.append(valueToCSV(items.get("collection"), valueSeparator));

        // Add the rest of the elements
-        for (String heading : headings)
-        {
+        for (String heading : headings) {
            bits.append(fieldSeparator);
            List<String> values = items.get(heading);
-            if (values != null && !"collection".equals(heading))
-            {
-                bits.append(valueToCSV(values, fieldSeparator));
+            if (values != null && !"collection".equals(heading)) {
+                bits.append(valueToCSV(values, valueSeparator));
            }
        }

@@ -178,33 +177,26 @@ public class DSpaceCSVLine implements Serializable
    /**
     * Internal method to create a CSV formatted String joining a given set of elements
     *
-     * @param values The values to create the string from
-     * @param valueSeparator
+     * @param values         The values to create the string from
+     * @param valueSeparator value separator
     * @return The line as a CSV formatted String
     */
-    protected String valueToCSV(List<String> values, String valueSeparator)
-    {
+    protected String valueToCSV(List<String> values, String valueSeparator) {
        // Check there is some content
-        if (values == null)
-        {
+        if (values == null) {
            return "";
        }

        // Get on with the work
        String s;
-        if (values.size() == 1)
-        {
+        if (values.size() == 1) {
            s = values.get(0);
-        }
-        else
-        {
+        } else {
            // Concatenate any fields together
            StringBuilder str = new StringBuilder();

-            for (String value : values)
-            {
-                if (str.length() > 0)
-                {
+            for (String value : values) {
+                if (str.length() > 0) {
                    str.append(valueSeparator);
                }

--- a/dspace-api/src/main/java/org/dspace/app/bulkedit/MetadataExport.java
+++ b/dspace-api/src/main/java/org/dspace/app/bulkedit/MetadataExport.java
@@ -7,34 +7,46 @@
 */
 package org.dspace.app.bulkedit;

-import com.google.common.collect.Iterators;
-import org.apache.commons.cli.*;
+import java.sql.SQLException;
+import java.util.ArrayList;
+import java.util.Iterator;
+import java.util.List;

-import org.dspace.content.*;
+import com.google.common.collect.Iterators;
+import org.apache.commons.cli.CommandLine;
+import org.apache.commons.cli.CommandLineParser;
+import org.apache.commons.cli.HelpFormatter;
+import org.apache.commons.cli.Options;
+import org.apache.commons.cli.ParseException;
+import org.apache.commons.cli.PosixParser;
+import org.dspace.content.Collection;
+import org.dspace.content.Community;
+import org.dspace.content.DSpaceObject;
+import org.dspace.content.Item;
 import org.dspace.content.factory.ContentServiceFactory;
 import org.dspace.content.service.ItemService;
 import org.dspace.core.Constants;
 import org.dspace.core.Context;
 import org.dspace.handle.factory.HandleServiceFactory;

-import java.util.ArrayList;
-import java.sql.SQLException;
-import java.util.Iterator;
-import java.util.List;
-
 /**
 * Metadata exporter to allow the batch export of metadata into a file
 *
 * @author Stuart Lewis
 */
-public class MetadataExport
-{
-    /** The items to export */
+public class MetadataExport {
+    /**
+     * The items to export
+     */
    protected Iterator<Item> toExport;

    protected ItemService itemService;

-    /** Whether to export all metadata, or just normally edited metadata */
+    protected Context context;
+
+    /**
+     * Whether to export all metadata, or just normally edited metadata
+     */
    protected boolean exportAll;

    protected MetadataExport() {
@@ -44,38 +56,35 @@ public class MetadataExport
    /**
     * Set up a new metadata export
     *
-     * @param c The Context
-     * @param toExport The ItemIterator of items to export
+     * @param c         The Context
+     * @param toExport  The ItemIterator of items to export
     * @param exportAll whether to export all metadata or not (include handle, provenance etc)
     */
-    public MetadataExport(Context c, Iterator<Item> toExport, boolean exportAll)
-    {
+    public MetadataExport(Context c, Iterator<Item> toExport, boolean exportAll) {
        itemService = ContentServiceFactory.getInstance().getItemService();

        // Store the export settings
        this.toExport = toExport;
        this.exportAll = exportAll;
+        this.context = c;
    }

    /**
     * Method to export a community (and sub-communities and collections)
     *
-     * @param c The Context
-     * @param toExport The Community to export
+     * @param c         The Context
+     * @param toExport  The Community to export
     * @param exportAll whether to export all metadata or not (include handle, provenance etc)
     */
-    public MetadataExport(Context c, Community toExport, boolean exportAll)
-    {
+    public MetadataExport(Context c, Community toExport, boolean exportAll) {
        itemService = ContentServiceFactory.getInstance().getItemService();

-        try
-        {
+        try {
            // Try to export the community
-            this.toExport = buildFromCommunity(c, toExport, new ArrayList<Integer>(), 0);
+            this.toExport = buildFromCommunity(c, toExport, 0);
            this.exportAll = exportAll;
-        }
-        catch (SQLException sqle)
-        {
+            this.context = c;
+        } catch (SQLException sqle) {
            // Something went wrong...
            System.err.println("Error running exporter:");
            sqle.printStackTrace(System.err);
@@ -86,43 +95,44 @@ public class MetadataExport
    /**
     * Build an array list of item ids that are in a community (include sub-communities and collections)
     *
+     * @param context   DSpace context
     * @param community The community to build from
-     * @param itemIDs The itemID (used for recursion - use an empty ArrayList)
-     * @param indent How many spaces to use when writing out the names of items added
+     * @param indent    How many spaces to use when writing out the names of items added
     * @return The list of item ids
-     * @throws SQLException
+     * @throws SQLException if database error
     */
-    protected Iterator<Item> buildFromCommunity(Context context, Community community, List<Integer> itemIDs, int indent)
-                                                                               throws SQLException
-    {
+    protected Iterator<Item> buildFromCommunity(Context context, Community community, int indent)
+        throws SQLException {
        // Add all the collections
        List<Collection> collections = community.getCollections();
        Iterator<Item> result = null;
-        for (Collection collection : collections)
-        {
-            for (int i = 0; i < indent; i++)
-            {
+        for (Collection collection : collections) {
+            for (int i = 0; i < indent; i++) {
                System.out.print(" ");
            }

            Iterator<Item> items = itemService.findByCollection(context, collection);
-            if(result == null)
-            {
-                result = items;
-            }else{
-                result = Iterators.concat(result, items);
-            }
+            result = addItemsToResult(result, items);

        }
        // Add all the sub-communities
        List<Community> communities = community.getSubcommunities();
-        for (Community subCommunity : communities)
-        {
-            for (int i = 0; i < indent; i++)
-            {
+        for (Community subCommunity : communities) {
+            for (int i = 0; i < indent; i++) {
                System.out.print(" ");
            }
-            buildFromCommunity(context, subCommunity, itemIDs, indent + 1);
+            Iterator<Item> items = buildFromCommunity(context, subCommunity, indent + 1);
+            result = addItemsToResult(result, items);
+        }
+
+        return result;
+    }
+
+    private Iterator<Item> addItemsToResult(Iterator<Item> result, Iterator<Item> items) {
+        if (result == null) {
+            result = items;
+        } else {
+            result = Iterators.concat(result, items);
        }

        return result;
@@ -133,22 +143,23 @@ public class MetadataExport
     *
     * @return the exported CSV lines
     */
-    public DSpaceCSV export()
-    {
-        try
-        {
+    public DSpaceCSV export() {
+        try {
+            Context.Mode originalMode = context.getCurrentMode();
+            context.setMode(Context.Mode.READ_ONLY);
+
            // Process each item
            DSpaceCSV csv = new DSpaceCSV(exportAll);
-            while (toExport.hasNext())
-            {
-                csv.addItem(toExport.next());
+            while (toExport.hasNext()) {
+                Item item = toExport.next();
+                csv.addItem(item);
+                context.uncacheEntity(item);
            }

+            context.setMode(originalMode);
            // Return the results
            return csv;
-        }
-        catch (Exception e)
-        {
+        } catch (Exception e) {
            // Something went wrong...
            System.err.println("Error exporting to CSV:");
            e.printStackTrace();
@@ -159,11 +170,10 @@ public class MetadataExport
    /**
     * Print the help message
     *
-     * @param options The command line options the user gave
+     * @param options  The command line options the user gave
     * @param exitCode the system exit code to use
     */
-    private static void printHelp(Options options, int exitCode)
-    {
+    private static void printHelp(Options options, int exitCode) {
        // print the help message
        HelpFormatter myhelp = new HelpFormatter();
        myhelp.printHelp("MetadataExport\n", options);
@@ -173,12 +183,12 @@ public class MetadataExport
    }

    /**
-	 * main method to run the metadata exporter
-	 *
-	 * @param argv the command line arguments given
-	 */
-    public static void main(String[] argv) throws Exception
-    {
+     * main method to run the metadata exporter
+     *
+     * @param argv the command line arguments given
+     * @throws Exception if error occurs
+     */
+    public static void main(String[] argv) throws Exception {
        // Create an options object and populate it
        CommandLineParser parser = new PosixParser();

@@ -186,37 +196,33 @@ public class MetadataExport

        options.addOption("i", "id", true, "ID or handle of thing to export (item, collection, or community)");
        options.addOption("f", "file", true, "destination where you want file written");
-        options.addOption("a", "all", false, "include all metadata fields that are not normally changed (e.g. provenance)");
+        options.addOption("a", "all", false,
+                          "include all metadata fields that are not normally changed (e.g. provenance)");
        options.addOption("h", "help", false, "help");

        CommandLine line = null;

-        try
-        {
+        try {
            line = parser.parse(options, argv);
-        }
-        catch (ParseException pe)
-        {
+        } catch (ParseException pe) {
            System.err.println("Error with commands.");
            printHelp(options, 1);
            System.exit(0);
        }

-        if (line.hasOption('h'))
-        {
+        if (line.hasOption('h')) {
            printHelp(options, 0);
        }

        // Check a filename is given
-        if (!line.hasOption('f'))
-        {
+        if (!line.hasOption('f')) {
            System.err.println("Required parameter -f missing!");
            printHelp(options, 1);
        }
        String filename = line.getOptionValue('f');

        // Create a context
-        Context c = new Context();
+        Context c = new Context(Context.Mode.READ_ONLY);
        c.turnOffAuthorisationSystem();

        // The things we'll export
@@ -229,42 +235,31 @@ public class MetadataExport
        ContentServiceFactory contentServiceFactory = ContentServiceFactory.getInstance();
        // Check we have an item OK
        ItemService itemService = contentServiceFactory.getItemService();
-        if (!line.hasOption('i'))
-        {
+        if (!line.hasOption('i')) {
            System.out.println("Exporting whole repository WARNING: May take some time!");
            exporter = new MetadataExport(c, itemService.findAll(c), exportAll);
-        }
-        else
-        {
+        } else {
            String handle = line.getOptionValue('i');
            DSpaceObject dso = HandleServiceFactory.getInstance().getHandleService().resolveToObject(c, handle);
-            if (dso == null)
-            {
+            if (dso == null) {
                System.err.println("Item '" + handle + "' does not resolve to an item in your repository!");
                printHelp(options, 1);
            }

-            if (dso.getType() == Constants.ITEM)
-            {
+            if (dso.getType() == Constants.ITEM) {
                System.out.println("Exporting item '" + dso.getName() + "' (" + handle + ")");
                List<Item> item = new ArrayList<>();
                item.add((Item) dso);
                exporter = new MetadataExport(c, item.iterator(), exportAll);
-            }
-            else if (dso.getType() == Constants.COLLECTION)
-            {
+            } else if (dso.getType() == Constants.COLLECTION) {
                System.out.println("Exporting collection '" + dso.getName() + "' (" + handle + ")");
-                Collection collection = (Collection)dso;
+                Collection collection = (Collection) dso;
                toExport = itemService.findByCollection(c, collection);
                exporter = new MetadataExport(c, toExport, exportAll);
-            }
-            else if (dso.getType() == Constants.COMMUNITY)
-            {
+            } else if (dso.getType() == Constants.COMMUNITY) {
                System.out.println("Exporting community '" + dso.getName() + "' (" + handle + ")");
-                exporter = new MetadataExport(c, (Community)dso, exportAll);
-            }
-            else
-            {
+                exporter = new MetadataExport(c, (Community) dso, exportAll);
+            } else {
                System.err.println("Error identifying '" + handle + "'");
                System.exit(1);
            }
@@ -274,7 +269,7 @@ public class MetadataExport
        DSpaceCSV csv = exporter.export();

        // Save the files to the file
-        csv.save(filename);        
+        csv.save(filename);

        // Finish off and tidy up
        c.restoreAuthSystemState();
--- a/dspace-api/src/main/java/org/dspace/app/bulkedit/MetadataImport.java
+++ b/dspace-api/src/main/java/org/dspace/app/bulkedit/MetadataImport.java
--- a/dspace-api/src/main/java/org/dspace/app/bulkedit/MetadataImportException.java
+++ b/dspace-api/src/main/java/org/dspace/app/bulkedit/MetadataImportException.java
@@ -12,26 +12,23 @@ package org.dspace.app.bulkedit;
 *
 * @author Stuart Lewis
 */
-public class MetadataImportException extends Exception
-{
+public class MetadataImportException extends Exception {
    /**
     * Instantiate a new MetadataImportException
     *
     * @param message the error message
     */
-    public MetadataImportException(String message)
-    {
-       super(message);
+    public MetadataImportException(String message) {
+        super(message);
    }

    /**
     * Instantiate a new MetadataImportException
     *
-     * @param message the error message
+     * @param message   the error message
     * @param exception the root cause
     */
-    public MetadataImportException(String message, Exception exception)
-    {
-       super(message, exception);
+    public MetadataImportException(String message, Exception exception) {
+        super(message, exception);
    }
-}
+}
--- a/dspace-api/src/main/java/org/dspace/app/bulkedit/MetadataImportInvalidHeadingException.java
+++ b/dspace-api/src/main/java/org/dspace/app/bulkedit/MetadataImportInvalidHeadingException.java
@@ -12,38 +12,51 @@ package org.dspace.app.bulkedit;
 *
 * @author Stuart Lewis
 */
-public class MetadataImportInvalidHeadingException extends Exception
-{
-    /** The type of error (schema or element) */
+public class MetadataImportInvalidHeadingException extends Exception {
+    /**
+     * The type of error (schema or element)
+     */
    private int type;

-    /** The bad heading */
+    /**
+     * The bad heading
+     */
    private String badHeading;

-    /** The column number */
+    /**
+     * The column number
+     */
    private int column;

-    /** Error with the schema */
+    /**
+     * Error with the schema
+     */
    public static final int SCHEMA = 0;

-    /** Error with the element */
+    /**
+     * Error with the element
+     */
    public static final int ELEMENT = 1;

-    /** Error with a missing header */
+    /**
+     * Error with a missing header
+     */
    public static final int MISSING = 98;

-    /** Error with the whole entry */
+    /**
+     * Error with the whole entry
+     */
    public static final int ENTRY = 99;


    /**
     * Instantiate a new MetadataImportInvalidHeadingException
     *
-     * @param message the error message
-     * @param theType the type of the error
+     * @param message   the error message
+     * @param theType   the type of the error
+     * @param theColumn column number
     */
-    public MetadataImportInvalidHeadingException(String message, int theType, int theColumn)
-    {
+    public MetadataImportInvalidHeadingException(String message, int theType, int theColumn) {
        super(message);
        badHeading = message;
        type = theType;
@@ -53,10 +66,9 @@ public class MetadataImportInvalidHeadingException extends Exception
    /**
     * Get the type of the exception
     *
-     *  @return the type of the exception
+     * @return the type of the exception
     */
-    public String getType()
-    {
+    public String getType() {
        return "" + type;
    }

@@ -65,8 +77,7 @@ public class MetadataImportInvalidHeadingException extends Exception
     *
     * @return the invalid heading
     */
-    public String getBadHeader()
-    {
+    public String getBadHeader() {
        return badHeading;
    }

@@ -75,8 +86,7 @@ public class MetadataImportInvalidHeadingException extends Exception
     *
     * @return the invalid column number
     */
-    public int getColumn()
-    {
+    public int getColumn() {
        return column;
    }

@@ -86,20 +96,15 @@ public class MetadataImportInvalidHeadingException extends Exception
     * @return The exception message
     */
    @Override
-    public String getMessage()
-    {
-        if (type == SCHEMA)
-        {
-            return "Unknown metadata schema in row " + column + ": " + badHeading;
-        } else if (type == ELEMENT)
-        {
-            return "Unknown metadata element in row " + column + ": " + badHeading;
-        } else if (type == MISSING)
-        {
-            return "Row with missing header: Row " + column;
-        } else
-        {
-            return "Bad metadata declaration in row " + column + ": " + badHeading;
+    public String getMessage() {
+        if (type == SCHEMA) {
+            return "Unknown metadata schema in column " + column + ": " + badHeading;
+        } else if (type == ELEMENT) {
+            return "Unknown metadata element in column " + column + ": " + badHeading;
+        } else if (type == MISSING) {
+            return "Row with missing header: column " + column;
+        } else {
+            return "Bad metadata declaration in column" + column + ": " + badHeading;
        }
    }
-}
+}
--- a/dspace-api/src/main/java/org/dspace/app/bulkedit/package-info.java
+++ b/dspace-api/src/main/java/org/dspace/app/bulkedit/package-info.java
@@ -9,7 +9,6 @@
 /**
 * <p>The DSpace Batch Metadata Editor, which uses a CSV file to export/import
 * item metadata.</p>
- * <p>
 * <ul>
 *   <li>works on items, communities, collections or the whole site</li>
 *   <li>can also create new items, delete items and withdraw/restore them</li>
--- a/dspace-api/src/main/java/org/dspace/app/checker/ChecksumChecker.java
+++ b/dspace-api/src/main/java/org/dspace/app/checker/ChecksumChecker.java
@@ -9,7 +9,11 @@ package org.dspace.app.checker;

 import java.io.FileNotFoundException;
 import java.sql.SQLException;
-import java.util.*;
+import java.util.ArrayList;
+import java.util.Calendar;
+import java.util.Date;
+import java.util.List;
+import java.util.UUID;

 import org.apache.commons.cli.CommandLine;
 import org.apache.commons.cli.CommandLineParser;
@@ -20,7 +24,15 @@ import org.apache.commons.cli.Options;
 import org.apache.commons.cli.ParseException;
 import org.apache.commons.cli.PosixParser;
 import org.apache.log4j.Logger;
-import org.dspace.checker.*;
+import org.dspace.checker.BitstreamDispatcher;
+import org.dspace.checker.CheckerCommand;
+import org.dspace.checker.HandleDispatcher;
+import org.dspace.checker.IteratorDispatcher;
+import org.dspace.checker.LimitedCountDispatcher;
+import org.dspace.checker.LimitedDurationDispatcher;
+import org.dspace.checker.ResultsLogger;
+import org.dspace.checker.ResultsPruner;
+import org.dspace.checker.SimpleDispatcher;
 import org.dspace.content.Bitstream;
 import org.dspace.content.factory.ContentServiceFactory;
 import org.dspace.content.service.BitstreamService;
@@ -28,15 +40,14 @@ import org.dspace.core.Context;
 import org.dspace.core.Utils;

 /**
- * Command line access to the checksum checker. Options are listed in the 
- * documentation for the main method.</p>
- * 
+ * Command line access to the checksum checker. Options are listed in the
+ * documentation for the main method.
+ *
 * @author Jim Downing
 * @author Grace Carpenter
 * @author Nathan Sarr
 */
-public final class ChecksumChecker
-{
+public final class ChecksumChecker {
    private static final Logger LOG = Logger.getLogger(ChecksumChecker.class);

    private static final BitstreamService bitstreamService = ContentServiceFactory.getInstance().getBitstreamService();
@@ -44,34 +55,34 @@ public final class ChecksumChecker
    /**
     * Blanked off constructor, this class should be used as a command line
     * tool.
-     * 
     */
-    private ChecksumChecker()
-    {
+    private ChecksumChecker() {
    }

    /**
     * Command line access to the checksum package.
-     * 
-     * @param args
-     *            <dl>
-     *            <dt>-h</dt>
-     *            <dd>Print help on command line options</dd>
-     *            <dt>-l</dt>
-     *            <dd>loop through bitstreams once</dd>
-     *            <dt>-L</dt>
-     *            <dd>loop continuously through bitstreams</dd>
-     *            <dt>-d</dt>
-     *            <dd>specify duration of process run</dd>
-     *            <dt>-b</dt>
-     *            <dd>specify bitstream IDs</dd>
-     *            <dt>-a [handle_id]</dt>
-     *            <dd>check anything by handle</dd>
-     *            <dt>-e</dt>
-     *            <dd>Report only errors in the logs</dd>
-     *            <dt>-p</dt>
-     *            <dd>Don't prune results before running checker</dd>
-     *            </dl>
+     *
+     * <dl>
+     * <dt>-h</dt>
+     * <dd>Print help on command line options</dd>
+     * <dt>-l</dt>
+     * <dd>loop through bitstreams once</dd>
+     * <dt>-L</dt>
+     * <dd>loop continuously through bitstreams</dd>
+     * <dt>-d</dt>
+     * <dd>specify duration of process run</dd>
+     * <dt>-b</dt>
+     * <dd>specify bitstream IDs</dd>
+     * <dt>-a [handle_id]</dt>
+     * <dd>check anything by handle</dd>
+     * <dt>-e</dt>
+     * <dd>Report only errors in the logs</dd>
+     * <dt>-p</dt>
+     * <dd>Don't prune results before running checker</dd>
+     * </dl>
+     *
+     * @param args the command line arguments given
+     * @throws SQLException if error
     */
    public static void main(String[] args) throws SQLException {
        // set up command line parser
@@ -83,7 +94,7 @@ public final class ChecksumChecker

        options.addOption("l", "looping", false, "Loop once through bitstreams");
        options.addOption("L", "continuous", false,
-                "Loop continuously through bitstreams");
+                          "Loop continuously through bitstreams");
        options.addOption("h", "help", false, "Help");
        options.addOption("d", "duration", true, "Checking duration");
        options.addOption("c", "count", true, "Check count");
@@ -91,33 +102,28 @@ public final class ChecksumChecker
        options.addOption("v", "verbose", false, "Report all processing");

        OptionBuilder.withArgName("bitstream-ids").hasArgs().withDescription(
-                "Space separated list of bitstream ids");
+            "Space separated list of bitstream ids");
        Option useBitstreamIds = OptionBuilder.create('b');

        options.addOption(useBitstreamIds);

        options.addOption("p", "prune", false, "Prune configuration file");
-        options
-                .addOption(OptionBuilder
-                        .withArgName("prune")
-                        .hasOptionalArgs(1)
-                        .withDescription(
-                                "Prune old results (optionally using specified properties file for configuration)")
-                        .create('p'));
+        options.addOption(OptionBuilder
+                              .withArgName("prune")
+                              .hasOptionalArgs(1)
+                              .withDescription(
+                                  "Prune old results (optionally using specified properties file for configuration)")
+                              .create('p'));

-        try
-        {
+        try {
            line = parser.parse(options, args);
-        }
-        catch (ParseException e)
-        {
+        } catch (ParseException e) {
            LOG.fatal(e);
            System.exit(1);
        }

        // user asks for help
-        if (line.hasOption('h'))
-        {
+        if (line.hasOption('h')) {
            printHelp(options);
        }
        Context context = null;
@@ -126,23 +132,19 @@ public final class ChecksumChecker


            // Prune stage
-            if (line.hasOption('p'))
-            {
+            if (line.hasOption('p')) {
                ResultsPruner rp = null;
-                try
-                {
+                try {
                    rp = (line.getOptionValue('p') != null) ? ResultsPruner
-                            .getPruner(context, line.getOptionValue('p')) : ResultsPruner
-                            .getDefaultPruner(context);
-                }
-                catch (FileNotFoundException e)
-                {
+                        .getPruner(context, line.getOptionValue('p')) : ResultsPruner
+                        .getDefaultPruner(context);
+                } catch (FileNotFoundException e) {
                    LOG.error("File not found", e);
                    System.exit(1);
                }
                int count = rp.prune();
                System.out.println("Pruned " + count
-                        + " old results from the database.");
+                                       + " old results from the database.");
            }

            Date processStart = Calendar.getInstance().getTime();
@@ -151,77 +153,55 @@ public final class ChecksumChecker

            // process should loop infinitely through
            // most_recent_checksum table
-            if (line.hasOption('l'))
-            {
+            if (line.hasOption('l')) {
                dispatcher = new SimpleDispatcher(context, processStart, false);
-            }
-            else if (line.hasOption('L'))
-            {
+            } else if (line.hasOption('L')) {
                dispatcher = new SimpleDispatcher(context, processStart, true);
-            }
-            else if (line.hasOption('b'))
-            {
+            } else if (line.hasOption('b')) {
                // check only specified bitstream(s)
                String[] ids = line.getOptionValues('b');
                List<Bitstream> bitstreams = new ArrayList<>(ids.length);

-                for (int i = 0; i < ids.length; i++)
-                {
-                    try
-                    {
+                for (int i = 0; i < ids.length; i++) {
+                    try {
                        bitstreams.add(bitstreamService.find(context, UUID.fromString(ids[i])));
-                    }
-                    catch (NumberFormatException nfe)
-                    {
+                    } catch (NumberFormatException nfe) {
                        System.err.println("The following argument: " + ids[i]
-                                + " is not an integer");
+                                               + " is not an integer");
                        System.exit(0);
                    }
                }
                dispatcher = new IteratorDispatcher(bitstreams.iterator());
-            }
-
-            else if (line.hasOption('a'))
-            {
+            } else if (line.hasOption('a')) {
                dispatcher = new HandleDispatcher(context, line.getOptionValue('a'));
-            }
-            else if (line.hasOption('d'))
-            {
+            } else if (line.hasOption('d')) {
                // run checker process for specified duration
-                try
-                {
+                try {
                    dispatcher = new LimitedDurationDispatcher(
-                            new SimpleDispatcher(context, processStart, true), new Date(
-                                    System.currentTimeMillis()
-                                            + Utils.parseDuration(line
-                                                    .getOptionValue('d'))));
-                }
-                catch (Exception e)
-                {
+                        new SimpleDispatcher(context, processStart, true), new Date(
+                        System.currentTimeMillis()
+                            + Utils.parseDuration(line
+                                                      .getOptionValue('d'))));
+                } catch (Exception e) {
                    LOG.fatal("Couldn't parse " + line.getOptionValue('d')
-                            + " as a duration: ", e);
+                                  + " as a duration: ", e);
                    System.exit(0);
                }
-            }
-            else if (line.hasOption('c'))
-            {
+            } else if (line.hasOption('c')) {
                int count = Integer.valueOf(line.getOptionValue('c'));

                // run checker process for specified number of bitstreams
                dispatcher = new LimitedCountDispatcher(new SimpleDispatcher(
-                        context, processStart, false), count);
-            }
-            else
-            {
+                    context, processStart, false), count);
+            } else {
                dispatcher = new LimitedCountDispatcher(new SimpleDispatcher(
-                        context, processStart, false), 1);
+                    context, processStart, false), 1);
            }

            ResultsLogger logger = new ResultsLogger(processStart);
            CheckerCommand checker = new CheckerCommand(context);
            // verbose reporting
-            if (line.hasOption('v'))
-            {
+            if (line.hasOption('v')) {
                checker.setReportVerbose(true);
            }

@@ -232,7 +212,7 @@ public final class ChecksumChecker
            context.complete();
            context = null;
        } finally {
-            if(context != null){
+            if (context != null) {
                context.abort();
            }
        }
@@ -240,27 +220,22 @@ public final class ChecksumChecker

    /**
     * Print the help options for the user
-     * 
+     *
     * @param options that are available for the user
     */
-    private static void printHelp(Options options)
-    {
+    private static void printHelp(Options options) {
        HelpFormatter myhelp = new HelpFormatter();

        myhelp.printHelp("Checksum Checker\n", options);
-        System.out
-                .println("\nSpecify a duration for checker process, using s(seconds),"
-                        + "m(minutes), or h(hours): ChecksumChecker -d 30s"
-                        + " OR ChecksumChecker -d 30m"
-                        + " OR ChecksumChecker -d 2h");
-        System.out
-                .println("\nSpecify bitstream IDs: ChecksumChecker -b 13 15 17 20");
+        System.out.println("\nSpecify a duration for checker process, using s(seconds),"
+                               + "m(minutes), or h(hours): ChecksumChecker -d 30s"
+                               + " OR ChecksumChecker -d 30m"
+                               + " OR ChecksumChecker -d 2h");
+        System.out.println("\nSpecify bitstream IDs: ChecksumChecker -b 13 15 17 20");
        System.out.println("\nLoop once through all bitstreams: "
-                + "ChecksumChecker -l");
-        System.out
-                .println("\nLoop continuously through all bitstreams: ChecksumChecker -L");
-        System.out
-                .println("\nCheck a defined number of bitstreams: ChecksumChecker -c 10");
+                               + "ChecksumChecker -l");
+        System.out.println("\nLoop continuously through all bitstreams: ChecksumChecker -L");
+        System.out.println("\nCheck a defined number of bitstreams: ChecksumChecker -c 10");
        System.out.println("\nReport all processing (verbose)(default reports only errors): ChecksumChecker -v");
        System.out.println("\nDefault (no arguments) is equivalent to '-c 1'");
        System.exit(0);
--- a/dspace-api/src/main/java/org/dspace/app/configuration/APISpringLoader.java
+++ b/dspace-api/src/main/java/org/dspace/app/configuration/APISpringLoader.java
@@ -7,12 +7,12 @@
 */
 package org.dspace.app.configuration;

-import org.dspace.kernel.config.SpringLoader;
-import org.dspace.services.ConfigurationService;
-
 import java.io.File;
 import java.net.MalformedURLException;

+import org.dspace.kernel.config.SpringLoader;
+import org.dspace.services.ConfigurationService;
+
 /**
 * @author Kevin Van de Velde (kevin at atmire dot com)
 */
@@ -32,7 +32,7 @@ public class APISpringLoader implements SpringLoader {


        try {
-            return new String[]{new File(filePath.toString()).toURI().toURL().toString() + XML_SUFFIX};
+            return new String[] {new File(filePath.toString()).toURI().toURL().toString() + XML_SUFFIX};
        } catch (MalformedURLException e) {
            return new String[0];
        }
--- a/dspace-api/src/main/java/org/dspace/app/harvest/Harvest.java
+++ b/dspace-api/src/main/java/org/dspace/app/harvest/Harvest.java
@@ -21,37 +21,37 @@ import org.apache.commons.cli.PosixParser;
 import org.dspace.authorize.AuthorizeException;
 import org.dspace.content.Collection;
 import org.dspace.content.DSpaceObject;
+import org.dspace.content.Item;
 import org.dspace.content.factory.ContentServiceFactory;
 import org.dspace.content.service.CollectionService;
 import org.dspace.content.service.ItemService;
+import org.dspace.core.Constants;
+import org.dspace.core.Context;
+import org.dspace.eperson.EPerson;
 import org.dspace.eperson.factory.EPersonServiceFactory;
 import org.dspace.eperson.service.EPersonService;
 import org.dspace.handle.factory.HandleServiceFactory;
 import org.dspace.harvest.HarvestedCollection;
-import org.dspace.content.Item;
 import org.dspace.harvest.HarvestingException;
 import org.dspace.harvest.OAIHarvester;
-import org.dspace.core.Constants;
-import org.dspace.core.Context;
-import org.dspace.eperson.EPerson;
 import org.dspace.harvest.factory.HarvestServiceFactory;
 import org.dspace.harvest.service.HarvestedCollectionService;

 /**
- *  Test class for harvested collections.
+ * Test class for harvested collections.
 *
 * @author Alexey Maslov
 */
-public class Harvest
-{
+public class Harvest {
    private static Context context;

-    private static final HarvestedCollectionService harvestedCollectionService = HarvestServiceFactory.getInstance().getHarvestedCollectionService();
+    private static final HarvestedCollectionService harvestedCollectionService =
+        HarvestServiceFactory.getInstance().getHarvestedCollectionService();
    private static final EPersonService ePersonService = EPersonServiceFactory.getInstance().getEPersonService();
-    private static final CollectionService collectionService = ContentServiceFactory.getInstance().getCollectionService();
+    private static final CollectionService collectionService =
+        ContentServiceFactory.getInstance().getCollectionService();

-    public static void main(String[] argv) throws Exception
-    {
+    public static void main(String[] argv) throws Exception {
        // create an options object and populate it
        CommandLineParser parser = new PosixParser();

@@ -65,49 +65,50 @@ public class Harvest
        options.addOption("S", "start", false, "start the harvest loop");
        options.addOption("R", "reset", false, "reset harvest status on all collections");
        options.addOption("P", "purge", false, "purge all harvestable collections");
-        

-        options.addOption("e", "eperson", true, "eperson");
-        options.addOption("c", "collection", true, "harvesting collection (handle or id)");
-        options.addOption("t", "type", true, "type of harvesting (0 for none)");
-        options.addOption("a", "address", true, "address of the OAI-PMH server");
-        options.addOption("i", "oai_set_id", true, "id of the PMH set representing the harvested collection");
-        options.addOption("m", "metadata_format", true, "the name of the desired metadata format for harvesting, resolved to namespace and crosswalk in dspace.cfg");
+
+        options.addOption("e", "eperson", true,
+                          "eperson");
+        options.addOption("c", "collection", true,
+                          "harvesting collection (handle or id)");
+        options.addOption("t", "type", true,
+                          "type of harvesting (0 for none)");
+        options.addOption("a", "address", true,
+                          "address of the OAI-PMH server");
+        options.addOption("i", "oai_set_id", true,
+                          "id of the PMH set representing the harvested collection");
+        options.addOption("m", "metadata_format", true,
+                          "the name of the desired metadata format for harvesting, resolved to namespace and " +
+                              "crosswalk in dspace.cfg");

        options.addOption("h", "help", false, "help");

        CommandLine line = parser.parse(options, argv);

-        String command = null; 
+        String command = null;
        String eperson = null;
        String collection = null;
        String oaiSource = null;
        String oaiSetID = null;
        String metadataKey = null;
        int harvestType = 0;
-        
-        if (line.hasOption('h'))
-        {
+
+        if (line.hasOption('h')) {
            HelpFormatter myhelp = new HelpFormatter();
            myhelp.printHelp("Harvest\n", options);
-            System.out
-    				.println("\nPING OAI server: Harvest -g -s oai_source -i oai_set_id");
-            System.out
-					.println("RUNONCE harvest with arbitrary options: Harvest -o -e eperson -c collection -t harvest_type -a oai_source -i oai_set_id -m metadata_format");
-            System.out
-                    .println("SETUP a collection for harvesting: Harvest -s -c collection -t harvest_type -a oai_source -i oai_set_id -m metadata_format");
-            System.out
-            		.println("RUN harvest once: Harvest -r -e eperson -c collection");
-            System.out
-    				.println("START harvest scheduler: Harvest -S");
-            System.out
-					.println("RESET all harvest status: Harvest -R");
-            System.out
-                    .println("PURGE a collection of items and settings: Harvest -p -e eperson -c collection");
-            System.out
-					.println("PURGE all harvestable collections: Harvest -P -e eperson");
-            
-            
+            System.out.println("\nPING OAI server: Harvest -g -a oai_source -i oai_set_id");
+            System.out.println(
+                "RUNONCE harvest with arbitrary options: Harvest -o -e eperson -c collection -t harvest_type -a " +
+                    "oai_source -i oai_set_id -m metadata_format");
+            System.out.println(
+                "SETUP a collection for harvesting: Harvest -s -c collection -t harvest_type -a oai_source -i " +
+                    "oai_set_id -m metadata_format");
+            System.out.println("RUN harvest once: Harvest -r -e eperson -c collection");
+            System.out.println("START harvest scheduler: Harvest -S");
+            System.out.println("RESET all harvest status: Harvest -R");
+            System.out.println("PURGE a collection of items and settings: Harvest -p -e eperson -c collection");
+            System.out.println("PURGE all harvestable collections: Harvest -P -e eperson");
+

            System.exit(0);
        }
@@ -137,7 +138,7 @@ public class Harvest
            command = "purgeAll";
        }

-        
+
        if (line.hasOption('e')) {
            eperson = line.getOptionValue('e');
        }
@@ -147,7 +148,7 @@ public class Harvest
        if (line.hasOption('t')) {
            harvestType = Integer.parseInt(line.getOptionValue('t'));
        } else {
-        	harvestType = 0;
+            harvestType = 0;
        }
        if (line.hasOption('a')) {
            oaiSource = line.getOptionValue('a');
@@ -158,106 +159,87 @@ public class Harvest
        if (line.hasOption('m')) {
            metadataKey = line.getOptionValue('m');
        }
-        
+

        // Instantiate our class
        Harvest harvester = new Harvest();
-        harvester.context = new Context();
-        
-        
+        harvester.context = new Context(Context.Mode.BATCH_EDIT);
+
+
        // Check our options
-        if (command == null)
-        {
+        if (command == null) {
            System.out
-                    .println("Error - no parameters specified (run with -h flag for details)");
+                .println("Error - no parameters specified (run with -h flag for details)");
            System.exit(1);
-        }
-        // Run a single harvest cycle on a collection using saved settings.
-        else if ("run".equals(command))
-        {
-            if (collection == null || eperson == null)
-            {
+        } else if ("run".equals(command)) {
+            // Run a single harvest cycle on a collection using saved settings.
+            if (collection == null || eperson == null) {
                System.out
-                        .println("Error - a target collection and eperson must be provided");
+                    .println("Error - a target collection and eperson must be provided");
                System.out.println(" (run with -h flag for details)");
                System.exit(1);
            }
-            
+
            harvester.runHarvest(collection, eperson);
-        }
-        // start the harvest loop
-        else if ("start".equals(command))
-        {
-        	startHarvester();
-        }
-        // reset harvesting status
-        else if ("reset".equals(command))
-        {
-        	resetHarvesting();
-        }
-        // purge all collections that are set up for harvesting (obviously for testing purposes only)
-        else if ("purgeAll".equals(command))
-        {
-        	if (eperson == null)
-            {
+        } else if ("start".equals(command)) {
+            // start the harvest loop
+            startHarvester();
+        } else if ("reset".equals(command)) {
+            // reset harvesting status
+            resetHarvesting();
+        } else if ("purgeAll".equals(command)) {
+            // purge all collections that are set up for harvesting (obviously for testing purposes only)
+            if (eperson == null) {
                System.out
-                        .println("Error - an eperson must be provided");
+                    .println("Error - an eperson must be provided");
                System.out.println(" (run with -h flag for details)");
                System.exit(1);
            }
-        	
-        	List<HarvestedCollection> harvestedCollections = harvestedCollectionService.findAll(context);
-	    	for (HarvestedCollection harvestedCollection : harvestedCollections)
-	    	{
-                System.out.println("Purging the following collections (deleting items and resetting harvest status): " + harvestedCollection.getCollection().getID().toString());
+
+            List<HarvestedCollection> harvestedCollections = harvestedCollectionService.findAll(context);
+            for (HarvestedCollection harvestedCollection : harvestedCollections) {
+                System.out.println(
+                    "Purging the following collections (deleting items and resetting harvest status): " +
+                        harvestedCollection
+                            .getCollection().getID().toString());
                harvester.purgeCollection(harvestedCollection.getCollection().getID().toString(), eperson);
-	    	}
-	    	context.complete();
-        }
-        // Delete all items in a collection. Useful for testing fresh harvests.
-        else if ("purge".equals(command))
-        {
-            if (collection == null || eperson == null)
-            {
+            }
+            context.complete();
+        } else if ("purge".equals(command)) {
+            // Delete all items in a collection. Useful for testing fresh harvests.
+            if (collection == null || eperson == null) {
                System.out
-                        .println("Error - a target collection and eperson must be provided");
+                    .println("Error - a target collection and eperson must be provided");
                System.out.println(" (run with -h flag for details)");
                System.exit(1);
            }
-            
+
            harvester.purgeCollection(collection, eperson);
            context.complete();
-            
+
            //TODO: implement this... remove all items and remember to unset "last-harvested" settings
-        }
-        // Configure a collection with the three main settings 
-        else if ("config".equals(command))
-        {
-            if (collection == null)
-            {
+        } else if ("config".equals(command)) {
+            // Configure a collection with the three main settings
+            if (collection == null) {
                System.out.println("Error -  a target collection must be provided");
                System.out.println(" (run with -h flag for details)");
                System.exit(1);
            }
-            if (oaiSource == null || oaiSetID == null)
-            {
+            if (oaiSource == null || oaiSetID == null) {
                System.out.println("Error - both the OAI server address and OAI set id must be specified");
                System.out.println(" (run with -h flag for details)");
                System.exit(1);
            }
-            if (metadataKey == null)
-            {
-            	System.out.println("Error - a metadata key (commonly the prefix) must be specified for this collection");
+            if (metadataKey == null) {
+                System.out
+                    .println("Error - a metadata key (commonly the prefix) must be specified for this collection");
                System.out.println(" (run with -h flag for details)");
-                System.exit(1);            	
+                System.exit(1);
            }
-            
+
            harvester.configureCollection(collection, harvestType, oaiSource, oaiSetID, metadataKey);
-        }
-        else if ("ping".equals(command))
-        {
-            if (oaiSource == null || oaiSetID == null)
-            {
+        } else if ("ping".equals(command)) {
+            if (oaiSource == null || oaiSetID == null) {
                System.out.println("Error - both the OAI server address and OAI set id must be specified");
                System.out.println(" (run with -h flag for details)");
                System.exit(1);
@@ -266,182 +248,166 @@ public class Harvest
            pingResponder(oaiSource, oaiSetID, metadataKey);
        }
    }
-    
+
    /*
     * Resolve the ID into a collection and check to see if its harvesting options are set. If so, return
-     * the collection, if not, bail out. 
+     * the collection, if not, bail out.
     */
    private Collection resolveCollection(String collectionID) {
-    	
-    	DSpaceObject dso;
-    	Collection targetCollection = null;
-    	
-    	try {
-	    	// is the ID a handle?
-	        if (collectionID != null)
-            {
-                if (collectionID.indexOf('/') != -1)
-                {
+
+        DSpaceObject dso;
+        Collection targetCollection = null;
+
+        try {
+            // is the ID a handle?
+            if (collectionID != null) {
+                if (collectionID.indexOf('/') != -1) {
                    // string has a / so it must be a handle - try and resolve it
                    dso = HandleServiceFactory.getInstance().getHandleService().resolveToObject(context, collectionID);

                    // resolved, now make sure it's a collection
-                    if (dso == null || dso.getType() != Constants.COLLECTION)
-                    {
+                    if (dso == null || dso.getType() != Constants.COLLECTION) {
                        targetCollection = null;
-                    }
-                    else
-                    {
+                    } else {
                        targetCollection = (Collection) dso;
                    }
-                }
-                // not a handle, try and treat it as an integer collection
-                // database ID
-                else
-                {
-                    System.out.println("Looking up by id: " + collectionID + ", parsed as '" + Integer.parseInt(collectionID) + "', " + "in context: " + context);
+                } else {
+                    // not a handle, try and treat it as an integer collection database ID
+                    System.out.println("Looking up by id: " + collectionID + ", parsed as '" + Integer
+                        .parseInt(collectionID) + "', " + "in context: " + context);
                    targetCollection = collectionService.find(context, UUID.fromString(collectionID));
                }
            }
            // was the collection valid?
-            if (targetCollection == null)
-            {
+            if (targetCollection == null) {
                System.out.println("Cannot resolve " + collectionID + " to collection");
                System.exit(1);
            }
-    	}
-    	catch (SQLException se) {
-    		se.printStackTrace();
-    	}
-    	
-    	return targetCollection;
+        } catch (SQLException se) {
+            se.printStackTrace();
+        }
+
+        return targetCollection;
    }
-    
-    
-    private void configureCollection(String collectionID, int type, String oaiSource, String oaiSetId, String mdConfigId) {
-    	System.out.println("Running: configure collection");
-   	
-    	Collection collection = resolveCollection(collectionID);
-    	System.out.println(collection.getID());
-    	    	
-    	try {
-    		HarvestedCollection hc = harvestedCollectionService.find(context, collection);
-        	if (hc == null) {
-        		hc = harvestedCollectionService.create(context, collection);
-        	}
-    		
-    		context.turnOffAuthorisationSystem();
-    		hc.setHarvestParams(type, oaiSource, oaiSetId, mdConfigId);
-    		hc.setHarvestStatus(HarvestedCollection.STATUS_READY);
-            harvestedCollectionService.update(context, hc);
-    		context.restoreAuthSystemState();
-    		context.complete();
-    	} 
-    	catch (Exception e) {
-    		System.out.println("Changes could not be committed");
-    		e.printStackTrace();
-    		System.exit(1);
-    	}
-    	finally {
-            if (context != null)
-            {
-    		    context.restoreAuthSystemState();
+
+
+    private void configureCollection(String collectionID, int type, String oaiSource, String oaiSetId,
+                                     String mdConfigId) {
+        System.out.println("Running: configure collection");
+
+        Collection collection = resolveCollection(collectionID);
+        System.out.println(collection.getID());
+
+        try {
+            HarvestedCollection hc = harvestedCollectionService.find(context, collection);
+            if (hc == null) {
+                hc = harvestedCollectionService.create(context, collection);
            }
-    	}
+
+            context.turnOffAuthorisationSystem();
+            hc.setHarvestParams(type, oaiSource, oaiSetId, mdConfigId);
+            hc.setHarvestStatus(HarvestedCollection.STATUS_READY);
+            harvestedCollectionService.update(context, hc);
+            context.restoreAuthSystemState();
+            context.complete();
+        } catch (Exception e) {
+            System.out.println("Changes could not be committed");
+            e.printStackTrace();
+            System.exit(1);
+        } finally {
+            if (context != null) {
+                context.restoreAuthSystemState();
+            }
+        }
    }
-    
-    
+
+
    /**
     * Purges a collection of all harvest-related data and settings. All items in the collection will be deleted.
-     * 
+     *
     * @param collectionID
     * @param email
     */
    private void purgeCollection(String collectionID, String email) {
-    	System.out.println("Purging collection of all items and resetting last_harvested and harvest_message: " + collectionID);
-    	Collection collection = resolveCollection(collectionID);
-   	
-    	try 
-    	{
-    		EPerson eperson = ePersonService.findByEmail(context, email);
-        	context.setCurrentUser(eperson);
-    		context.turnOffAuthorisationSystem();
+        System.out.println(
+            "Purging collection of all items and resetting last_harvested and harvest_message: " + collectionID);
+        Collection collection = resolveCollection(collectionID);
+
+        try {
+            EPerson eperson = ePersonService.findByEmail(context, email);
+            context.setCurrentUser(eperson);
+            context.turnOffAuthorisationSystem();

            ItemService itemService = ContentServiceFactory.getInstance().getItemService();
            Iterator<Item> it = itemService.findByCollection(context, collection);
-    		int i=0;
-    		while (it.hasNext()) {
-    			i++;
-    			Item item = it.next();
-    			System.out.println("Deleting: " + item.getHandle());
+            int i = 0;
+            while (it.hasNext()) {
+                i++;
+                Item item = it.next();
+                System.out.println("Deleting: " + item.getHandle());
                collectionService.removeItem(context, collection, item);
-    			// Dispatch events every 50 items
-    			if (i%50 == 0) {
-    				context.dispatchEvents();
-    				i=0;
-    			}
-    		}
-    		
-    		HarvestedCollection hc = harvestedCollectionService.find(context, collection);
-    		if (hc != null) {
-	    		hc.setLastHarvested(null);
+                context.uncacheEntity(item);// Dispatch events every 50 items
+                if (i % 50 == 0) {
+                    context.dispatchEvents();
+                    i = 0;
+                }
+            }
+
+            HarvestedCollection hc = harvestedCollectionService.find(context, collection);
+            if (hc != null) {
+                hc.setLastHarvested(null);
                hc.setHarvestMessage("");
-	    		hc.setHarvestStatus(HarvestedCollection.STATUS_READY);
-	    		hc.setHarvestStartTime(null);
+                hc.setHarvestStatus(HarvestedCollection.STATUS_READY);
+                hc.setHarvestStartTime(null);
                harvestedCollectionService.update(context, hc);
-    		}
-    		context.restoreAuthSystemState();    		
-    	}
-    	catch (Exception e) {
-    		System.out.println("Changes could not be committed");
-    		e.printStackTrace();
-    		System.exit(1);
-    	}
-    	finally {
-    		context.restoreAuthSystemState();
-    	}
+            }
+            context.restoreAuthSystemState();
+            context.dispatchEvents();
+        } catch (Exception e) {
+            System.out.println("Changes could not be committed");
+            e.printStackTrace();
+            System.exit(1);
+        } finally {
+            context.restoreAuthSystemState();
+        }
    }
-    
-    
+
+
    /**
-     * Run a single harvest cycle on the specified collection under the authorization of the supplied EPerson 
+     * Run a single harvest cycle on the specified collection under the authorization of the supplied EPerson
     */
    private void runHarvest(String collectionID, String email) {
-    	System.out.println("Running: a harvest cycle on " + collectionID);
-    	
-    	System.out.print("Initializing the harvester... ");
-    	OAIHarvester harvester = null;
-    	try {
-    		Collection collection = resolveCollection(collectionID);
-        	HarvestedCollection hc = harvestedCollectionService.find(context, collection);
-    		harvester = new OAIHarvester(context, collection, hc);
-    		System.out.println("success. ");
-    	}
-    	catch (HarvestingException hex) {
-    		System.out.print("failed. ");
-    		System.out.println(hex.getMessage());
-    		throw new IllegalStateException("Unable to harvest", hex);
-    	} catch (SQLException se) {
+        System.out.println("Running: a harvest cycle on " + collectionID);
+
+        System.out.print("Initializing the harvester... ");
+        OAIHarvester harvester = null;
+        try {
+            Collection collection = resolveCollection(collectionID);
+            HarvestedCollection hc = harvestedCollectionService.find(context, collection);
+            harvester = new OAIHarvester(context, collection, hc);
+            System.out.println("success. ");
+        } catch (HarvestingException hex) {
+            System.out.print("failed. ");
+            System.out.println(hex.getMessage());
+            throw new IllegalStateException("Unable to harvest", hex);
+        } catch (SQLException se) {
            System.out.print("failed. ");
            System.out.println(se.getMessage());
            throw new IllegalStateException("Unable to access database", se);
-		}
-    	    	
-    	try {
-    		// Harvest will not work for an anonymous user
-        	EPerson eperson = ePersonService.findByEmail(context, email);
-        	System.out.println("Harvest started... ");
-        	context.setCurrentUser(eperson);
-    		harvester.runHarvest();
-    		context.complete();
-    	}
-        catch (SQLException e) {
-            throw new IllegalStateException("Failed to run harvester", e);
        }
-        catch (AuthorizeException e) {
+
+        try {
+            // Harvest will not work for an anonymous user
+            EPerson eperson = ePersonService.findByEmail(context, email);
+            System.out.println("Harvest started... ");
+            context.setCurrentUser(eperson);
+            harvester.runHarvest();
+            context.complete();
+        } catch (SQLException e) {
            throw new IllegalStateException("Failed to run harvester", e);
-        }
-        catch (IOException e) {
+        } catch (AuthorizeException e) {
+            throw new IllegalStateException("Failed to run harvester", e);
+        } catch (IOException e) {
            throw new IllegalStateException("Failed to run harvester", e);
        }

@@ -449,76 +415,70 @@ public class Harvest
    }

    /**
-     * Resets harvest_status and harvest_start_time flags for all collections that have a row in the harvested_collections table 
+     * Resets harvest_status and harvest_start_time flags for all collections that have a row in the
+     * harvested_collections table
     */
    private static void resetHarvesting() {
-    	System.out.print("Resetting harvest status flag on all collections... ");
+        System.out.print("Resetting harvest status flag on all collections... ");

-    	try
-    	{
+        try {
            List<HarvestedCollection> harvestedCollections = harvestedCollectionService.findAll(context);
-            for (HarvestedCollection harvestedCollection : harvestedCollections)
-            {
+            for (HarvestedCollection harvestedCollection : harvestedCollections) {
                //hc.setHarvestResult(null,"");
                harvestedCollection.setHarvestStartTime(null);
                harvestedCollection.setHarvestStatus(HarvestedCollection.STATUS_READY);
                harvestedCollectionService.update(context, harvestedCollection);
            }
            System.out.println("success. ");
-    	}
-    	catch (Exception ex) {
+        } catch (Exception ex) {
            System.out.println("failed. ");
            ex.printStackTrace();
-    	}    	
+        }
    }

    /**
     * Starts up the harvest scheduler. Terminating this process will stop the scheduler.
     */
-    private static void startHarvester()
-    {
-        try
-        {
+    private static void startHarvester() {
+        try {
            System.out.print("Starting harvest loop... ");
            HarvestServiceFactory.getInstance().getHarvestSchedulingService().startNewScheduler();
            System.out.println("running. ");
-    	}
-    	catch (Exception ex) {
+        } catch (Exception ex) {
            ex.printStackTrace();
-    	}
+        }
    }

    /**
     * See if the responder is alive and working.
     *
-     * @param server address of the responder's host.
-     * @param set name of an item set.
+     * @param server         address of the responder's host.
+     * @param set            name of an item set.
     * @param metadataFormat local prefix name, or null for "dc".
     */
-    private static void pingResponder(String server, String set, String metadataFormat)
-    {
+    private static void pingResponder(String server, String set, String metadataFormat) {
        List<String> errors;

        System.out.print("Testing basic PMH access:  ");
        errors = OAIHarvester.verifyOAIharvester(server, set,
-                (null != metadataFormat) ? metadataFormat : "dc", false);
-        if (errors.isEmpty())
+                                                 (null != metadataFormat) ? metadataFormat : "dc", false);
+        if (errors.isEmpty()) {
            System.out.println("OK");
-        else
-        {
-            for (String error : errors)
+        } else {
+            for (String error : errors) {
                System.err.println(error);
+            }
        }

        System.out.print("Testing ORE support:  ");
        errors = OAIHarvester.verifyOAIharvester(server, set,
-                (null != metadataFormat) ? metadataFormat : "dc", true);
-        if (errors.isEmpty())
+                                                 (null != metadataFormat) ? metadataFormat : "dc", true);
+        if (errors.isEmpty()) {
            System.out.println("OK");
-        else
-        {
-            for (String error : errors)
+        } else {
+            for (String error : errors) {
                System.err.println(error);
+            }
        }
    }
 }
--- a/dspace-api/src/main/java/org/dspace/app/itemexport/ItemExportCLITool.java
+++ b/dspace-api/src/main/java/org/dspace/app/itemexport/ItemExportCLITool.java
@@ -7,7 +7,17 @@
 */
 package org.dspace.app.itemexport;

-import org.apache.commons.cli.*;
+import java.util.ArrayList;
+import java.util.Collections;
+import java.util.Iterator;
+import java.util.List;
+import java.util.UUID;
+
+import org.apache.commons.cli.CommandLine;
+import org.apache.commons.cli.CommandLineParser;
+import org.apache.commons.cli.HelpFormatter;
+import org.apache.commons.cli.Options;
+import org.apache.commons.cli.PosixParser;
 import org.dspace.app.itemexport.factory.ItemExportServiceFactory;
 import org.dspace.app.itemexport.service.ItemExportService;
 import org.dspace.content.Collection;
@@ -20,8 +30,6 @@ import org.dspace.core.Context;
 import org.dspace.handle.factory.HandleServiceFactory;
 import org.dspace.handle.service.HandleService;

-import java.util.*;
-
 /**
 * Item exporter to create simple AIPs for DSpace content. Currently exports
 * individual items, or entire collections. For instructions on use, see
@@ -34,8 +42,8 @@ import java.util.*;
 * core in RDF schema / contents - text file, listing one file per line / file1
 * - files contained in the item / file2 / ...
 * <P>
- * issues -doesn't handle special characters in metadata (needs to turn &'s into
- * &amp;, etc.)
+ * issues -doesn't handle special characters in metadata (needs to turn {@code &'s} into
+ * {@code &amp;}, etc.)
 * <P>
 * Modified by David Little, UCSD Libraries 12/21/04 to allow the registration
 * of files (bitstreams) into DSpace.
@@ -45,17 +53,21 @@ import java.util.*;
 */
 public class ItemExportCLITool {

-    protected static ItemExportService itemExportService = ItemExportServiceFactory.getInstance().getItemExportService();
+    protected static ItemExportService itemExportService = ItemExportServiceFactory.getInstance()
+                                                                                   .getItemExportService();
    protected static HandleService handleService = HandleServiceFactory.getInstance().getHandleService();
    protected static ItemService itemService = ContentServiceFactory.getInstance().getItemService();
    protected static CollectionService collectionService = ContentServiceFactory.getInstance().getCollectionService();

+    /**
+     * Default constructor
+     */
+    private ItemExportCLITool() { }

    /*
     *
     */
-    public static void main(String[] argv) throws Exception
-    {
+    public static void main(String[] argv) throws Exception {
        // create an options object and populate it
        CommandLineParser parser = new PosixParser();

@@ -64,10 +76,11 @@ public class ItemExportCLITool {
        options.addOption("t", "type", true, "type: COLLECTION or ITEM");
        options.addOption("i", "id", true, "ID or handle of thing to export");
        options.addOption("d", "dest", true,
-                "destination where you want items to go");
-        options.addOption("m", "migrate", false, "export for migration (remove handle and metadata that will be re-created in new system)");
+                          "destination where you want items to go");
+        options.addOption("m", "migrate", false,
+                          "export for migration (remove handle and metadata that will be re-created in new system)");
        options.addOption("n", "number", true,
-                "sequence number to begin exporting items with");
+                          "sequence number to begin exporting items with");
        options.addOption("z", "zip", true, "export as zip file (specify filename e.g. export.zip)");
        options.addOption("h", "help", false, "help");

@@ -86,175 +99,140 @@ public class ItemExportCLITool {
        Item myItem = null;
        Collection mycollection = null;

-        if (line.hasOption('h'))
-        {
+        if (line.hasOption('h')) {
            HelpFormatter myhelp = new HelpFormatter();
            myhelp.printHelp("ItemExport\n", options);
            System.out
-                    .println("\nfull collection: ItemExport -t COLLECTION -i ID -d dest -n number");
+                .println("\nfull collection: ItemExport -t COLLECTION -i ID -d dest -n number");
            System.out
-                    .println("singleitem:       ItemExport -t ITEM -i ID -d dest -n number");
+                .println("singleitem:       ItemExport -t ITEM -i ID -d dest -n number");

            System.exit(0);
        }

-        if (line.hasOption('t')) // type
-        {
+        if (line.hasOption('t')) { // type
            typeString = line.getOptionValue('t');

-            if ("ITEM".equals(typeString))
-            {
+            if ("ITEM".equals(typeString)) {
                myType = Constants.ITEM;
-            }
-            else if ("COLLECTION".equals(typeString))
-            {
+            } else if ("COLLECTION".equals(typeString)) {
                myType = Constants.COLLECTION;
            }
        }

-        if (line.hasOption('i')) // id
-        {
+        if (line.hasOption('i')) { // id
            myIDString = line.getOptionValue('i');
        }

-        if (line.hasOption('d')) // dest
-        {
+        if (line.hasOption('d')) { // dest
            destDirName = line.getOptionValue('d');
        }

-        if (line.hasOption('n')) // number
-        {
+        if (line.hasOption('n')) { // number
            seqStart = Integer.parseInt(line.getOptionValue('n'));
        }

        boolean migrate = false;
-        if (line.hasOption('m')) // number
-        {
+        if (line.hasOption('m')) { // number
            migrate = true;
        }

        boolean zip = false;
        String zipFileName = "";
-        if (line.hasOption('z'))
-        {
+        if (line.hasOption('z')) {
            zip = true;
            zipFileName = line.getOptionValue('z');
        }

        boolean excludeBitstreams = false;
-        if (line.hasOption('x'))
-        {
-        	excludeBitstreams = true;
+        if (line.hasOption('x')) {
+            excludeBitstreams = true;
        }

        // now validate the args
-        if (myType == -1)
-        {
+        if (myType == -1) {
            System.out
-                    .println("type must be either COLLECTION or ITEM (-h for help)");
+                .println("type must be either COLLECTION or ITEM (-h for help)");
            System.exit(1);
        }

-        if (destDirName == null)
-        {
+        if (destDirName == null) {
            System.out
-                    .println("destination directory must be set (-h for help)");
+                .println("destination directory must be set (-h for help)");
            System.exit(1);
        }

-        if (seqStart == -1)
-        {
+        if (seqStart == -1) {
            System.out
-                    .println("sequence start number must be set (-h for help)");
+                .println("sequence start number must be set (-h for help)");
            System.exit(1);
        }

-        if (myIDString == null)
-        {
+        if (myIDString == null) {
            System.out
-                    .println("ID must be set to either a database ID or a handle (-h for help)");
+                .println("ID must be set to either a database ID or a handle (-h for help)");
            System.exit(1);
        }

-        Context c = new Context();
-        c.setIgnoreAuthorization(true);
+        Context c = new Context(Context.Mode.READ_ONLY);
+        c.turnOffAuthorisationSystem();

-        if (myType == Constants.ITEM)
-        {
+        if (myType == Constants.ITEM) {
            // first, is myIDString a handle?
-            if (myIDString.indexOf('/') != -1)
-            {
+            if (myIDString.indexOf('/') != -1) {
                myItem = (Item) handleService.resolveToObject(c, myIDString);

-                if ((myItem == null) || (myItem.getType() != Constants.ITEM))
-                {
+                if ((myItem == null) || (myItem.getType() != Constants.ITEM)) {
                    myItem = null;
                }
-            }
-            else
-            {
+            } else {
                myItem = itemService.find(c, UUID.fromString(myIDString));
            }

-            if (myItem == null)
-            {
+            if (myItem == null) {
                System.out
-                        .println("Error, item cannot be found: " + myIDString);
+                    .println("Error, item cannot be found: " + myIDString);
            }
-        }
-        else
-        {
-            if (myIDString.indexOf('/') != -1)
-            {
+        } else {
+            if (myIDString.indexOf('/') != -1) {
                // has a / must be a handle
                mycollection = (Collection) handleService.resolveToObject(c,
-                        myIDString);
+                                                                          myIDString);

                // ensure it's a collection
                if ((mycollection == null)
-                        || (mycollection.getType() != Constants.COLLECTION))
-                {
+                    || (mycollection.getType() != Constants.COLLECTION)) {
                    mycollection = null;
                }
-            }
-            else if (myIDString != null)
-            {
+            } else if (myIDString != null) {
                mycollection = collectionService.find(c, UUID.fromString(myIDString));
            }

-            if (mycollection == null)
-            {
+            if (mycollection == null) {
                System.out.println("Error, collection cannot be found: "
-                        + myIDString);
+                                       + myIDString);
                System.exit(1);
            }
        }

-        if (zip)
-        {
+        if (zip) {
            Iterator<Item> items;
-            if (myItem != null)
-            {
+            if (myItem != null) {
                List<Item> myItems = new ArrayList<>();
                myItems.add(myItem);
                items = myItems.iterator();
-            }
-            else
-            {
+            } else {
                System.out.println("Exporting from collection: " + myIDString);
                items = itemService.findByCollection(c, mycollection);
            }
            itemExportService.exportAsZip(c, items, destDirName, zipFileName, seqStart, migrate, excludeBitstreams);
-        }
-        else
-        {
-            if (myItem != null)
-            {
+        } else {
+            if (myItem != null) {
                // it's only a single item
-                itemExportService.exportItem(c, Collections.singletonList(myItem).iterator(), destDirName, seqStart, migrate, excludeBitstreams);
-            }
-            else
-            {
+                itemExportService
+                    .exportItem(c, Collections.singletonList(myItem).iterator(), destDirName, seqStart, migrate,
+                                excludeBitstreams);
+            } else {
                System.out.println("Exporting from collection: " + myIDString);

                // it's a collection, so do a bunch of items
--- a/dspace-api/src/main/java/org/dspace/app/itemexport/ItemExportException.java
+++ b/dspace-api/src/main/java/org/dspace/app/itemexport/ItemExportException.java
@@ -10,20 +10,17 @@ package org.dspace.app.itemexport;
 /**
 * An exception that can be thrown when error occur during item export
 */
-public class ItemExportException extends Exception
-{
+public class ItemExportException extends Exception {
    public static final int EXPORT_TOO_LARGE = 0;

    private int reason;

-    public ItemExportException(int r, String message)
-    {
+    public ItemExportException(int r, String message) {
        super(message);
        reason = r;
    }

-    public int getReason()
-    {
+    public int getReason() {
        return reason;
    }
-}
+}
--- a/dspace-api/src/main/java/org/dspace/app/itemexport/ItemExportServiceImpl.java
+++ b/dspace-api/src/main/java/org/dspace/app/itemexport/ItemExportServiceImpl.java
--- a/dspace-api/src/main/java/org/dspace/app/itemexport/factory/ItemExportServiceFactory.java
+++ b/dspace-api/src/main/java/org/dspace/app/itemexport/factory/ItemExportServiceFactory.java
@@ -11,7 +11,8 @@ import org.dspace.app.itemexport.service.ItemExportService;
 import org.dspace.services.factory.DSpaceServicesFactory;

 /**
- * Abstract factory to get services for the itemexport package, use ItemExportServiceFactory.getInstance() to retrieve an implementation
+ * Abstract factory to get services for the itemexport package, use ItemExportServiceFactory.getInstance() to
+ * retrieve an implementation
 *
 * @author kevinvandevelde at atmire.com
 */
@@ -19,7 +20,8 @@ public abstract class ItemExportServiceFactory {

    public abstract ItemExportService getItemExportService();

-    public static ItemExportServiceFactory getInstance(){
-        return DSpaceServicesFactory.getInstance().getServiceManager().getServiceByName("itemExportServiceFactory", ItemExportServiceFactory.class);
+    public static ItemExportServiceFactory getInstance() {
+        return DSpaceServicesFactory.getInstance().getServiceManager()
+                                    .getServiceByName("itemExportServiceFactory", ItemExportServiceFactory.class);
    }
 }
--- a/dspace-api/src/main/java/org/dspace/app/itemexport/factory/ItemExportServiceFactoryImpl.java
+++ b/dspace-api/src/main/java/org/dspace/app/itemexport/factory/ItemExportServiceFactoryImpl.java
@@ -11,7 +11,8 @@ import org.dspace.app.itemexport.service.ItemExportService;
 import org.springframework.beans.factory.annotation.Autowired;

 /**
- * Factory implementation to get services for the itemexport package, use ItemExportServiceFactory.getInstance() to retrieve an implementation
+ * Factory implementation to get services for the itemexport package, use ItemExportServiceFactory.getInstance() to
+ * retrieve an implementation
 *
 * @author kevinvandevelde at atmire.com
 */
--- a/dspace-api/src/main/java/org/dspace/app/itemexport/service/ItemExportService.java
+++ b/dspace-api/src/main/java/org/dspace/app/itemexport/service/ItemExportService.java
@@ -7,16 +7,16 @@
 */
 package org.dspace.app.itemexport.service;

-import org.dspace.content.DSpaceObject;
-import org.dspace.content.Item;
-import org.dspace.core.Context;
-import org.dspace.eperson.EPerson;
-
-import javax.mail.MessagingException;
 import java.io.InputStream;
 import java.util.Date;
 import java.util.Iterator;
 import java.util.List;
+import javax.mail.MessagingException;
+
+import org.dspace.content.DSpaceObject;
+import org.dspace.content.Item;
+import org.dspace.core.Context;
+import org.dspace.eperson.EPerson;

 /**
 * Item exporter to create simple AIPs for DSpace content. Currently exports
@@ -30,8 +30,8 @@ import java.util.List;
 * core in RDF schema / contents - text file, listing one file per line / file1
 * - files contained in the item / file2 / ...
 * <P>
- * issues -doesn't handle special characters in metadata (needs to turn &'s into
- * &amp;, etc.)
+ * issues -doesn't handle special characters in metadata (needs to turn {@code &'s} into
+ * {@code &amp;}, etc.)
 * <P>
 * Modified by David Little, UCSD Libraries 12/21/04 to allow the registration
 * of files (bitstreams) into DSpace.
@@ -47,154 +47,153 @@ public interface ItemExportService {
    public static final String COMPRESSED_EXPORT_MIME_TYPE = "application/zip";

    public void exportItem(Context c, Iterator<Item> i,
-            String destDirName, int seqStart, boolean migrate,
-            boolean excludeBitstreams) throws Exception;
+                           String destDirName, int seqStart, boolean migrate,
+                           boolean excludeBitstreams) throws Exception;

    /**
     * Method to perform an export and save it as a zip file.
     *
-     * @param context The DSpace Context
-     * @param items The items to export
-     * @param destDirName The directory to save the export in
-     * @param zipFileName The name to save the zip file as
-     * @param seqStart The first number in the sequence
-     * @param migrate Whether to use the migrate option or not
-     * @throws Exception
+     * @param context           The DSpace Context
+     * @param items             The items to export
+     * @param destDirName       The directory to save the export in
+     * @param zipFileName       The name to save the zip file as
+     * @param seqStart          The first number in the sequence
+     * @param migrate           Whether to use the migrate option or not
+     * @param excludeBitstreams Whether to exclude bitstreams or not
+     * @throws Exception if error
     */
    public void exportAsZip(Context context, Iterator<Item> items,
-                                   String destDirName, String zipFileName,
-                                   int seqStart, boolean migrate,
-                                   boolean excludeBitstreams) throws Exception;
+                            String destDirName, String zipFileName,
+                            int seqStart, boolean migrate,
+                            boolean excludeBitstreams) throws Exception;

    /**
     * Convenience methot to create export a single Community, Collection, or
     * Item
     *
-     * @param dso
-     *            - the dspace object to export
-     * @param context
-     *            - the dspace context
-     * @throws Exception
+     * @param dso     - the dspace object to export
+     * @param context - the dspace context
+     * @param migrate Whether to use the migrate option or not
+     * @throws Exception if error
     */
    public void createDownloadableExport(DSpaceObject dso,
-            Context context, boolean migrate) throws Exception;
+                                         Context context, boolean migrate) throws Exception;

    /**
     * Convenience method to export a List of dspace objects (Community,
     * Collection or Item)
     *
-     * @param dsObjects
-     *            - List containing dspace objects
-     * @param context
-     *            - the dspace context
-     * @throws Exception
+     * @param dsObjects - List containing dspace objects
+     * @param context   - the dspace context
+     * @param migrate   Whether to use the migrate option or not
+     * @throws Exception if error
     */
    public void createDownloadableExport(List<DSpaceObject> dsObjects,
-            Context context, boolean migrate) throws Exception;
+                                         Context context, boolean migrate) throws Exception;

    /**
     * Convenience methot to create export a single Community, Collection, or
     * Item
     *
-     * @param dso
-     *            - the dspace object to export
-     * @param context
-     *            - the dspace context
-     * @param additionalEmail
-     *            - cc email to use
-     * @throws Exception
+     * @param dso             - the dspace object to export
+     * @param context         - the dspace context
+     * @param additionalEmail - cc email to use
+     * @param migrate         Whether to use the migrate option or not
+     * @throws Exception if error
     */
    public void createDownloadableExport(DSpaceObject dso,
-            Context context, String additionalEmail, boolean migrate) throws Exception;
+                                         Context context, String additionalEmail, boolean migrate) throws Exception;

    /**
     * Convenience method to export a List of dspace objects (Community,
     * Collection or Item)
     *
-     * @param dsObjects
-     *            - List containing dspace objects
-     * @param context
-     *            - the dspace context
-     * @param additionalEmail
-     *            - cc email to use
-     * @throws Exception
+     * @param dsObjects       - List containing dspace objects
+     * @param context         - the dspace context
+     * @param additionalEmail - cc email to use
+     * @param migrate         Whether to use the migrate option or not
+     * @throws Exception if error
     */
    public void createDownloadableExport(List<DSpaceObject> dsObjects,
-            Context context, String additionalEmail, boolean migrate) throws Exception;
+                                         Context context, String additionalEmail, boolean migrate) throws Exception;


    /**
     * Create a file name based on the date and eperson
     *
-     * @param eperson
-     *            - eperson who requested export and will be able to download it
-     * @param date
-     *            - the date the export process was created
+     * @param type    Type of object (as string)
+     * @param eperson - eperson who requested export and will be able to download it
+     * @param date    - the date the export process was created
     * @return String representing the file name in the form of
-     *         'export_yyy_MMM_dd_count_epersonID'
-     * @throws Exception
+     * 'export_yyy_MMM_dd_count_epersonID'
+     * @throws Exception if error
     */
    public String assembleFileName(String type, EPerson eperson,
-            Date date) throws Exception;
+                                   Date date) throws Exception;


    /**
     * Use config file entry for org.dspace.app.itemexport.download.dir and id
     * of the eperson to create a download directory name
     *
-     * @param ePerson
-     *            - the eperson who requested export archive
+     * @param ePerson - the eperson who requested export archive
     * @return String representing a directory in the form of
-     *         org.dspace.app.itemexport.download.dir/epersonID
-     * @throws Exception
+     * org.dspace.app.itemexport.download.dir/epersonID
+     * @throws Exception if error
     */
    public String getExportDownloadDirectory(EPerson ePerson)
-            throws Exception;
+        throws Exception;


    /**
     * Returns config file entry for org.dspace.app.itemexport.work.dir
     *
     * @return String representing config file entry for
-     *         org.dspace.app.itemexport.work.dir
-     * @throws Exception
+     * org.dspace.app.itemexport.work.dir
+     * @throws Exception if error
     */
    public String getExportWorkDirectory() throws Exception;

    /**
     * Used to read the export archived. Inteded for download.
     *
-     * @param fileName
-     *            the name of the file to download
-     * @param eperson
-     *            the eperson requesting the download
+     * @param fileName the name of the file to download
+     * @param eperson  the eperson requesting the download
     * @return an input stream of the file to be downloaded
-     * @throws Exception
+     * @throws Exception if error
     */
    public InputStream getExportDownloadInputStream(String fileName,
-            EPerson eperson) throws Exception;
+                                                    EPerson eperson) throws Exception;

    /**
     * Get the file size of the export archive represented by the file name.
     *
-     * @param fileName
-     *            name of the file to get the size.
-     * @throws Exception
+     * @param context  DSpace context
+     * @param fileName name of the file to get the size.
+     * @return size as long
+     * @throws Exception if error
     */
    public long getExportFileSize(Context context, String fileName) throws Exception;

+    /**
+     * Get the last modified date of the export archive represented by the file name.
+     *
+     * @param context  DSpace context
+     * @param fileName name of the file to get the size.
+     * @return date as long
+     * @throws Exception if error
+     * @see java.io.File#lastModified()
+     */
    public long getExportFileLastModified(Context context, String fileName)
-            throws Exception;
+        throws Exception;

    /**
     * The file name of the export archive contains the eperson id of the person
     * who created it When requested for download this method can check if the
     * person requesting it is the same one that created it
     *
-     * @param context
-     *            dspace context
-     * @param fileName
-     *            the file name to check auths for
+     * @param context  dspace context
+     * @param fileName the file name to check auths for
     * @return true if it is the same person false otherwise
     */
    public boolean canDownload(Context context, String fileName);
@@ -203,22 +202,21 @@ public interface ItemExportService {
     * Reads the download directory for the eperson to see if any export
     * archives are available
     *
-     * @param eperson
+     * @param eperson EPerson object
     * @return a list of file names representing export archives that have been
-     *         processed
-     * @throws Exception
+     * processed
+     * @throws Exception if error
     */
    public List<String> getExportsAvailable(EPerson eperson)
-            throws Exception;
+        throws Exception;

    /**
     * A clean up method that is ran before a new export archive is created. It
     * uses the config file entry 'org.dspace.app.itemexport.life.span.hours' to
     * determine if the current exports are too old and need pruging
     *
-     * @param eperson
-     *            - the eperson to clean up
-     * @throws Exception
+     * @param eperson - the eperson to clean up
+     * @throws Exception if error
     */
    public void deleteOldExportArchives(EPerson eperson) throws Exception;

@@ -228,7 +226,7 @@ public interface ItemExportService {
     * determine if the current exports are too old and need purgeing
     * Removes all old exports, not just those for the person doing the export.
     *
-     * @throws Exception
+     * @throws Exception if error
     */
    public void deleteOldExportArchives() throws Exception;

@@ -238,17 +236,14 @@ public interface ItemExportService {
     * communication with email instead. Send a success email once the export
     * archive is complete and ready for download
     *
-     * @param context
-     *            - the current Context
-     * @param eperson
-     *            - eperson to send the email to
-     * @param fileName
-     *            - the file name to be downloaded. It is added to the url in
-     *            the email
-     * @throws MessagingException
+     * @param context  - the current Context
+     * @param eperson  - eperson to send the email to
+     * @param fileName - the file name to be downloaded. It is added to the url in
+     *                 the email
+     * @throws MessagingException if error
     */
    public void emailSuccessMessage(Context context, EPerson eperson,
-            String fileName) throws MessagingException;
+                                    String fileName) throws MessagingException;

    /**
     * Since the archive is created in a new thread we are unable to communicate
@@ -256,15 +251,20 @@ public interface ItemExportService {
     * communication with email instead. Send an error email if the export
     * archive fails
     *
-     * @param eperson
-     *            - EPerson to send the error message to
-     * @param error
-     *            - the error message
-     * @throws MessagingException
+     * @param eperson - EPerson to send the error message to
+     * @param error   - the error message
+     * @throws MessagingException if error
     */
    public void emailErrorMessage(EPerson eperson, String error)
-            throws MessagingException;
+        throws MessagingException;

+    /**
+     * Zip source to target
+     *
+     * @param strSource source file
+     * @param target    target file
+     * @throws Exception if error
+     */
    public void zip(String strSource, String target) throws Exception;

 }
--- a/dspace-api/src/main/java/org/dspace/app/itemimport/BTEBatchImportService.java
+++ b/dspace-api/src/main/java/org/dspace/app/itemimport/BTEBatchImportService.java
@@ -7,87 +7,100 @@
 */
 package org.dspace.app.itemimport;

-import gr.ekt.bte.core.DataLoader;
-import gr.ekt.bte.core.TransformationEngine;
-import gr.ekt.bte.dataloader.FileDataLoader;
-
 import java.util.ArrayList;
 import java.util.HashMap;
 import java.util.List;
 import java.util.Map;

-
+import gr.ekt.bte.core.DataLoader;
+import gr.ekt.bte.core.TransformationEngine;
+import gr.ekt.bte.dataloader.FileDataLoader;


 /**
- * This class acts as a Service in the procedure ot batch import using the Biblio-Transformation-Engine
+ * This class acts as a Service in the procedure to batch import using the Biblio-Transformation-Engine
 */
-public class BTEBatchImportService
-{
+public class BTEBatchImportService {

-	TransformationEngine transformationEngine;
+    TransformationEngine transformationEngine;
    Map<String, DataLoader> dataLoaders = new HashMap<String, DataLoader>();
-    Map<String, String> outputMap = new HashMap<String,String>();
-    
+    Map<String, String> outputMap = new HashMap<String, String>();
+
    /**
     * Default constructor
     */
-    public BTEBatchImportService()
-    {
+    public BTEBatchImportService() {
        super();
    }

    /**
     * Setter method for dataLoaders parameter
-     * @param dataLoaders
+     *
+     * @param dataLoaders map of data loaders
     */
-    public void setDataLoaders(Map<String, DataLoader> dataLoaders)
-    {
+    public void setDataLoaders(Map<String, DataLoader> dataLoaders) {
        this.dataLoaders = dataLoaders;
    }

    /**
-     * 
+     * Get data loaders
+     *
     * @return the map of DataLoaders
     */
-    public Map<String, DataLoader> getDataLoaders()
-    {
+    public Map<String, DataLoader> getDataLoaders() {
        return dataLoaders;
    }

    /**
-     * 
+     * Get output map
+     *
     * @return the outputMapping
     */
-	public Map<String, String> getOutputMap() {
-		return outputMap;
-	}
+    public Map<String, String> getOutputMap() {
+        return outputMap;
+    }

-	/**
-	 * Setter method for the outputMapping
-	 * @param outputMapping
-	 */
-	public void setOutputMap(Map<String, String> outputMap) {
-		this.outputMap = outputMap;
-	}
+    /**
+     * Setter method for the outputMapping
+     *
+     * @param outputMap the output mapping
+     */
+    public void setOutputMap(Map<String, String> outputMap) {
+        this.outputMap = outputMap;
+    }

-	public TransformationEngine getTransformationEngine() {
-		return transformationEngine;
-	}
+    /**
+     * Get transformation engine
+     *
+     * @return transformation engine
+     */
+    public TransformationEngine getTransformationEngine() {
+        return transformationEngine;
+    }

-	public void setTransformationEngine(TransformationEngine transformationEngine) {
-		this.transformationEngine = transformationEngine;
-	}
-	
-	public List<String> getFileDataLoaders(){
-		List<String> result = new ArrayList<String>();
-				
-		for (String key : dataLoaders.keySet()){
-			DataLoader dl = dataLoaders.get(key);
-			if (dl instanceof FileDataLoader){
-				result.add(key);
-			}
-		}
-		return result;
-	}
-}
+    /**
+     * set transformation engine
+     *
+     * @param transformationEngine transformation engine
+     */
+    public void setTransformationEngine(TransformationEngine transformationEngine) {
+        this.transformationEngine = transformationEngine;
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * Getter of file data loaders
+     *
+     * @return List of file data loaders
+     */
+    public List<String> getFileDataLoaders() {
+        List<String> result = new ArrayList<String>();
+
+        for (String key : dataLoaders.keySet()) {
+            DataLoader dl = dataLoaders.get(key);
+            if (dl instanceof FileDataLoader) {
+                result.add(key);
+            }
+        }
+        return result;
+    }
+}
--- a/dspace-api/src/main/java/org/dspace/app/itemimport/BatchUpload.java
+++ b/dspace-api/src/main/java/org/dspace/app/itemimport/BatchUpload.java
@@ -7,9 +7,7 @@
 */
 package org.dspace.app.itemimport;

-import java.io.BufferedReader;
 import java.io.File;
-import java.io.FileNotFoundException;
 import java.io.FileReader;
 import java.io.IOException;
 import java.io.LineNumberReader;
@@ -19,147 +17,213 @@ import java.util.Calendar;
 import java.util.Date;
 import java.util.GregorianCalendar;
 import java.util.List;
-import java.util.Scanner;

 /**
 * @author kstamatis
- *
 */
 public class BatchUpload {

-	private Date date;
-	private File dir;
-	private boolean successful;
-	private int itemsImported;
-	private int totalItems = 0;
-	private List<String> handlesImported = new ArrayList<String>();
-	private String errorMsg = "";
-	private String errorMsgHTML = "";
-	
-	/**
-	 * 
-	 */
-	public BatchUpload(String dirPath) {
-		
-		this.initializeWithFile(new File(dirPath));
-		
-	}
+    private Date date;
+    private File dir;
+    private boolean successful;
+    private int itemsImported;
+    private int totalItems = 0;
+    private List<String> handlesImported = new ArrayList<String>();
+    private String errorMsg = "";
+    private String errorMsgHTML = "";

-	public BatchUpload(File dir) {
-		
-		this.initializeWithFile(dir);
-		
-	}
+    /**
+     * Initialize with directory
+     *
+     * @param dirPath directory path
+     */
+    public BatchUpload(String dirPath) {

+        this.initializeWithFile(new File(dirPath));

-	private void initializeWithFile(File dir){
-		
-		this.dir = dir;
-		
-		String dirName = dir.getName();
-		long timeMillis = Long.parseLong(dirName);
-		Calendar calendar = new GregorianCalendar();
-		calendar.setTimeInMillis(timeMillis);
-		this.date = calendar.getTime();
-		
-		try {
-			this.itemsImported = countLines(dir + File.separator + "mapfile");
-		} catch (IOException e) {
-			e.printStackTrace();
-		}
-		
-		for (File file : dir.listFiles()){
-			if (file.isDirectory()){
-				this.totalItems = file.list().length;
-			}
-		}
-		
-		this.successful = this.totalItems == this.itemsImported;
-		
-		//Parse possible error message
-		
-		File errorFile = new File(dir + File.separator + "error.txt");
-		if (errorFile.exists()){
-			try {
-				readFile(dir + File.separator + "error.txt");
-			} catch (IOException e) {
-				// TODO Auto-generated catch block
-				e.printStackTrace();
-			}
-		}
-	}
-	
-	private int countLines(String filename) throws IOException {
-	    LineNumberReader reader  = new LineNumberReader(new FileReader(filename));
-	    int cnt = 0;
-	    String lineRead = "";
-	    while ((lineRead = reader.readLine()) != null) {
-	    	String[] parts = lineRead.split(" ");
-	    	if (parts.length > 1)
-	    		handlesImported.add(parts[1].trim());
-	    	else 
-	    		handlesImported.add(lineRead);
-	    }
+    }

-	    cnt = reader.getLineNumber(); 
-	    reader.close();
-	    return cnt;
-	}
-	
-	private void readFile(String filename) throws IOException {
-	    LineNumberReader reader  = new LineNumberReader(new FileReader(filename));
-	    String lineRead = "";
-	    while ((lineRead = reader.readLine()) != null) {
-	    	this.errorMsg += lineRead + "\n";
-	    	
-	    	if (lineRead.startsWith("\tat ")){
-	    		this.errorMsgHTML += "<span class=\"batchimport-error-tab\">" + lineRead + "</span><br/>";
-	    	}
-	    	else if (lineRead.startsWith("Caused by")){
-	    		this.errorMsgHTML += "<span class=\"batchimport-error-caused\">" + lineRead + "</span><br/>";
-	    	}
-	    	else {
-	    		this.errorMsgHTML += lineRead + "<br/>";
-	    	}
-	    }
-	    reader.close();
-	}
+    /**
+     * Initialize with directory
+     *
+     * @param dir directory path
+     */
+    public BatchUpload(File dir) {

-	public Date getDate() {
-		return date;
-	}
+        this.initializeWithFile(dir);

-	public File getDir() {
-		return dir;
-	}
+    }

-	public boolean isSuccessful() {
-		return successful;
-	}
+    /**
+     * Initialize with directory
+     *
+     * @param dir directory path
+     */
+    private void initializeWithFile(File dir) {

-	public int getItemsImported() {
-		return itemsImported;
-	}
+        this.dir = dir;

-	public int getTotalItems() {
-		return totalItems;
-	}
-	
-	public String getDateFormatted(){
-		SimpleDateFormat df = new SimpleDateFormat("dd/MM/yyyy - HH:mm");
-		
-		return df.format(date);
-	}
+        String dirName = dir.getName();
+        long timeMillis = Long.parseLong(dirName);
+        Calendar calendar = new GregorianCalendar();
+        calendar.setTimeInMillis(timeMillis);
+        this.date = calendar.getTime();

-	public List<String> getHandlesImported() {
-		return handlesImported;
-	}
+        try {
+            this.itemsImported = countLines(dir + File.separator + "mapfile");
+        } catch (IOException e) {
+            e.printStackTrace();
+        }

-	public String getErrorMsg() {
-		return errorMsg;
-	}
+        for (File file : dir.listFiles()) {
+            if (file.isDirectory()) {
+                this.totalItems = file.list().length;
+            }
+        }

-	public String getErrorMsgHTML() {
-		return errorMsgHTML;
-	}
+        this.successful = this.totalItems == this.itemsImported;
+
+        //Parse possible error message
+
+        File errorFile = new File(dir + File.separator + "error.txt");
+        if (errorFile.exists()) {
+            try {
+                readFile(dir + File.separator + "error.txt");
+            } catch (IOException e) {
+                // TODO Auto-generated catch block
+                e.printStackTrace();
+            }
+        }
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * Count lines in file
+     *
+     * @param filename file name
+     * @return lines in file
+     * @throws IOException if IO error
+     */
+    private int countLines(String filename) throws IOException {
+        LineNumberReader reader = new LineNumberReader(new FileReader(filename));
+        int cnt = 0;
+        String lineRead = "";
+        while ((lineRead = reader.readLine()) != null) {
+            String[] parts = lineRead.split(" ");
+            if (parts.length > 1) {
+                handlesImported.add(parts[1].trim());
+            } else {
+                handlesImported.add(lineRead);
+            }
+        }
+
+        cnt = reader.getLineNumber();
+        reader.close();
+        return cnt;
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * Read a file
+     *
+     * @param filename file name
+     * @throws IOException if IO error
+     */
+    private void readFile(String filename) throws IOException {
+        LineNumberReader reader = new LineNumberReader(new FileReader(filename));
+        String lineRead = "";
+        while ((lineRead = reader.readLine()) != null) {
+            this.errorMsg += lineRead + "\n";
+
+            if (lineRead.startsWith("\tat ")) {
+                this.errorMsgHTML += "<span class=\"batchimport-error-tab\">" + lineRead + "</span><br/>";
+            } else if (lineRead.startsWith("Caused by")) {
+                this.errorMsgHTML += "<span class=\"batchimport-error-caused\">" + lineRead + "</span><br/>";
+            } else {
+                this.errorMsgHTML += lineRead + "<br/>";
+            }
+        }
+        reader.close();
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * Get date
+     *
+     * @return Date
+     */
+    public Date getDate() {
+        return date;
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * Get path to directory
+     *
+     * @return directory
+     */
+    public File getDir() {
+        return dir;
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * Whether successulf
+     *
+     * @return true or false
+     */
+    public boolean isSuccessful() {
+        return successful;
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * Get items imported
+     *
+     * @return number of items
+     */
+    public int getItemsImported() {
+        return itemsImported;
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * Get total items
+     *
+     * @return total
+     */
+    public int getTotalItems() {
+        return totalItems;
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * Get formatted date (DD/MM/YY)
+     *
+     * @return date as string
+     */
+    public String getDateFormatted() {
+        SimpleDateFormat df = new SimpleDateFormat("dd/MM/yyyy - HH:mm");
+
+        return df.format(date);
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * Get handles of imported files
+     *
+     * @return list of handles
+     */
+    public List<String> getHandlesImported() {
+        return handlesImported;
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * Get error message
+     *
+     * @return error message
+     */
+    public String getErrorMsg() {
+        return errorMsg;
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * Get error message as HTML
+     *
+     * @return error message string as HTML
+     */
+    public String getErrorMsgHTML() {
+        return errorMsgHTML;
+    }
 }
--- a/dspace-api/src/main/java/org/dspace/app/itemimport/ItemImportCLITool.java
+++ b/dspace-api/src/main/java/org/dspace/app/itemimport/ItemImportCLITool.java
@@ -7,7 +7,17 @@
 */
 package org.dspace.app.itemimport;

-import org.apache.commons.cli.*;
+import java.io.File;
+import java.util.ArrayList;
+import java.util.Date;
+import java.util.List;
+import java.util.UUID;
+
+import org.apache.commons.cli.CommandLine;
+import org.apache.commons.cli.CommandLineParser;
+import org.apache.commons.cli.HelpFormatter;
+import org.apache.commons.cli.Options;
+import org.apache.commons.cli.PosixParser;
 import org.dspace.app.itemimport.factory.ItemImportServiceFactory;
 import org.dspace.app.itemimport.service.ItemImportService;
 import org.dspace.content.Collection;
@@ -21,12 +31,6 @@ import org.dspace.eperson.service.EPersonService;
 import org.dspace.handle.factory.HandleServiceFactory;
 import org.dspace.handle.service.HandleService;

-import java.io.File;
-import java.util.ArrayList;
-import java.util.Date;
-import java.util.List;
-import java.util.UUID;
-
 /**
 * Import items into DSpace. The conventional use is upload files by copying
 * them. DSpace writes the item's bitstreams into its assetstore. Metadata is
@@ -47,12 +51,17 @@ public class ItemImportCLITool {

    private static boolean template = false;

-    private static final CollectionService collectionService = ContentServiceFactory.getInstance().getCollectionService();
+    private static final CollectionService collectionService = ContentServiceFactory.getInstance()
+                                                                                    .getCollectionService();
    private static final EPersonService epersonService = EPersonServiceFactory.getInstance().getEPersonService();
    private static final HandleService handleService = HandleServiceFactory.getInstance().getHandleService();

-    public static void main(String[] argv) throws Exception
-    {
+    /**
+     * Default constructor
+     */
+    private ItemImportCLITool() { }
+
+    public static void main(String[] argv) throws Exception {
        Date startTime = new Date();
        int status = 0;

@@ -66,24 +75,24 @@ public class ItemImportCLITool {
            options.addOption("b", "add-bte", false, "add items to DSpace via Biblio-Transformation-Engine (BTE)");
            options.addOption("r", "replace", false, "replace items in mapfile");
            options.addOption("d", "delete", false,
-                    "delete items listed in mapfile");
+                              "delete items listed in mapfile");
            options.addOption("i", "inputtype", true, "input type in case of BTE import");
            options.addOption("s", "source", true, "source of items (directory)");
            options.addOption("z", "zip", true, "name of zip file");
            options.addOption("c", "collection", true,
-                    "destination collection(s) Handle or database ID");
+                              "destination collection(s) Handle or database ID");
            options.addOption("m", "mapfile", true, "mapfile items in mapfile");
            options.addOption("e", "eperson", true,
-                    "email of eperson doing importing");
+                              "email of eperson doing importing");
            options.addOption("w", "workflow", false,
-                    "send submission through collection's workflow");
+                              "send submission through collection's workflow");
            options.addOption("n", "notify", false,
-                    "if sending submissions through the workflow, send notification emails");
+                              "if sending submissions through the workflow, send notification emails");
            options.addOption("t", "test", false,
-                    "test run - do not actually import items");
+                              "test run - do not actually import items");
            options.addOption("p", "template", false, "apply template");
            options.addOption("R", "resume", false,
-                    "resume a failed import (add only)");
+                              "resume a failed import (add only)");
            options.addOption("q", "quiet", false, "don't display metadata");

            options.addOption("h", "help", false, "help");
@@ -106,15 +115,19 @@ public class ItemImportCLITool {
                HelpFormatter myhelp = new HelpFormatter();
                myhelp.printHelp("ItemImport\n", options);
                System.out
-                        .println("\nadding items:    ItemImport -a -e eperson -c collection -s sourcedir -m mapfile");
+                    .println("\nadding items:    ItemImport -a -e eperson -c collection -s sourcedir -m mapfile");
                System.out
-                        .println("\nadding items from zip file:    ItemImport -a -e eperson -c collection -s sourcedir -z filename.zip -m mapfile");
+                    .println(
+                        "\nadding items from zip file:    ItemImport -a -e eperson -c collection -s sourcedir -z " +
+                            "filename.zip -m mapfile");
                System.out
-                        .println("replacing items: ItemImport -r -e eperson -c collection -s sourcedir -m mapfile");
+                    .println("replacing items: ItemImport -r -e eperson -c collection -s sourcedir -m mapfile");
                System.out
-                        .println("deleting items:  ItemImport -d -e eperson -m mapfile");
+                    .println("deleting items:  ItemImport -d -e eperson -m mapfile");
                System.out
-                        .println("If multiple collections are specified, the first collection will be the one that owns the item.");
+                    .println(
+                        "If multiple collections are specified, the first collection will be the one that owns the " +
+                            "item.");

                System.exit(0);
            }
@@ -155,30 +168,26 @@ public class ItemImportCLITool {
                template = true;
            }

-            if (line.hasOption('s')) // source
-            {
+            if (line.hasOption('s')) { // source
                sourcedir = line.getOptionValue('s');
            }

-            if (line.hasOption('m')) // mapfile
-            {
+            if (line.hasOption('m')) { // mapfile
                mapfile = line.getOptionValue('m');
            }

-            if (line.hasOption('e')) // eperson
-            {
+            if (line.hasOption('e')) { // eperson
                eperson = line.getOptionValue('e');
            }

-            if (line.hasOption('c')) // collections
-            {
+            if (line.hasOption('c')) { // collections
                collections = line.getOptionValues('c');
            }

            if (line.hasOption('R')) {
                isResume = true;
                System.out
-                        .println("**Resume import** - attempting to import items not already imported");
+                    .println("**Resume import** - attempting to import items not already imported");
            }

            if (line.hasOption('q')) {
@@ -189,7 +198,7 @@ public class ItemImportCLITool {
            String zipfilename = "";
            if (line.hasOption('z')) {
                zip = true;
-                zipfilename = sourcedir + System.getProperty("file.separator") + line.getOptionValue('z');
+                zipfilename = line.getOptionValue('z');
            }

            //By default assume collections will be given on the command line
@@ -198,26 +207,26 @@ public class ItemImportCLITool {
            // must have a command set
            if (command == null) {
                System.out
-                        .println("Error - must run with either add, replace, or remove (run with -h flag for details)");
+                    .println("Error - must run with either add, replace, or remove (run with -h flag for details)");
                System.exit(1);
            } else if ("add".equals(command) || "replace".equals(command)) {
                if (sourcedir == null) {
                    System.out
-                            .println("Error - a source directory containing items must be set");
+                        .println("Error - a source directory containing items must be set");
                    System.out.println(" (run with -h flag for details)");
                    System.exit(1);
                }

                if (mapfile == null) {
                    System.out
-                            .println("Error - a map file to hold importing results must be specified");
+                        .println("Error - a map file to hold importing results must be specified");
                    System.out.println(" (run with -h flag for details)");
                    System.exit(1);
                }

                if (eperson == null) {
                    System.out
-                            .println("Error - an eperson to do the importing must be specified");
+                        .println("Error - an eperson to do the importing must be specified");
                    System.out.println(" (run with -h flag for details)");
                    System.exit(1);
                }
@@ -227,18 +236,19 @@ public class ItemImportCLITool {
                    commandLineCollections = false;
                }
            } else if ("add-bte".equals(command)) {
-                //Source dir can be null, the user can specify the parameters for his loader in the Spring XML configuration file
+                //Source dir can be null, the user can specify the parameters for his loader in the Spring XML
+                // configuration file

                if (mapfile == null) {
                    System.out
-                            .println("Error - a map file to hold importing results must be specified");
+                        .println("Error - a map file to hold importing results must be specified");
                    System.out.println(" (run with -h flag for details)");
                    System.exit(1);
                }

                if (eperson == null) {
                    System.out
-                            .println("Error - an eperson to do the importing must be specified");
+                        .println("Error - an eperson to do the importing must be specified");
                    System.out.println(" (run with -h flag for details)");
                    System.exit(1);
                }
@@ -250,14 +260,16 @@ public class ItemImportCLITool {

                if (bteInputType == null) {
                    System.out
-                            .println("Error - an input type (tsv, csv, ris, endnote, bibtex or any other type you have specified in BTE Spring XML configuration file) must be specified");
+                        .println(
+                            "Error - an input type (tsv, csv, ris, endnote, bibtex or any other type you have " +
+                                "specified in BTE Spring XML configuration file) must be specified");
                    System.out.println(" (run with -h flag for details)");
                    System.exit(1);
                }
            } else if ("delete".equals(command)) {
                if (eperson == null) {
                    System.out
-                            .println("Error - an eperson to do the importing must be specified");
+                        .println("Error - an eperson to do the importing must be specified");
                    System.exit(1);
                }

@@ -270,7 +282,7 @@ public class ItemImportCLITool {
            // can only resume for adds
            if (isResume && !"add".equals(command) && !"add-bte".equals(command)) {
                System.out
-                        .println("Error - resume option only works with the --add or the --add-bte commands");
+                    .println("Error - resume option only works with the --add or the --add-bte commands");
                System.exit(1);
            }

@@ -280,9 +292,9 @@ public class ItemImportCLITool {

            if (!isResume && "add".equals(command) && myFile.exists()) {
                System.out.println("Error - the mapfile " + mapfile
-                        + " already exists.");
+                                       + " already exists.");
                System.out
-                        .println("Either delete it or use --resume if attempting to resume an aborted import.");
+                    .println("Either delete it or use --resume if attempting to resume an aborted import.");
                System.exit(1);
            }

@@ -294,7 +306,7 @@ public class ItemImportCLITool {
            myloader.setQuiet(isQuiet);

            // create a context
-            Context c = new Context();
+            Context c = new Context(Context.Mode.BATCH_EDIT);

            // find the EPerson, assign to context
            EPerson myEPerson = null;
@@ -330,24 +342,22 @@ public class ItemImportCLITool {
                        // string has a / so it must be a handle - try and resolve
                        // it
                        mycollections.add((Collection) handleService
-                                .resolveToObject(c, collections[i]));
+                            .resolveToObject(c, collections[i]));

                        // resolved, now make sure it's a collection
                        if ((mycollections.get(i) == null)
-                                || (mycollections.get(i).getType() != Constants.COLLECTION)) {
+                            || (mycollections.get(i).getType() != Constants.COLLECTION)) {
                            mycollections.set(i, null);
                        }
-                    }
-                    // not a handle, try and treat it as an integer collection
-                    // database ID
-                    else if (collections[i] != null) {
+                    } else if (collections[i] != null) {
+                        // not a handle, try and treat it as an integer collection database ID
                        mycollections.set(i, collectionService.find(c, UUID.fromString(collections[i])));
                    }

                    // was the collection valid?
                    if (mycollections.get(i) == null) {
                        throw new IllegalArgumentException("Cannot resolve "
-                                + collections[i] + " to collection");
+                                                               + collections[i] + " to collection");
                    }

                    // print progress info
@@ -358,7 +368,7 @@ public class ItemImportCLITool {
                    }

                    System.out.println(owningPrefix + " Collection: "
-                            + mycollections.get(i).getName());
+                                           + mycollections.get(i).getName());
                }
            } // end of validating collections

@@ -394,11 +404,13 @@ public class ItemImportCLITool {
            try {
                if (zip) {
                    System.gc();
-                    System.out.println("Deleting temporary zip directory: " + myloader.getTempWorkDirFile().getAbsolutePath());
+                    System.out.println(
+                        "Deleting temporary zip directory: " + myloader.getTempWorkDirFile().getAbsolutePath());
                    myloader.cleanupZipTemp();
                }
            } catch (Exception ex) {
-                System.out.println("Unable to delete temporary zip archive location: " + myloader.getTempWorkDirFile().getAbsolutePath());
+                System.out.println("Unable to delete temporary zip archive location: " + myloader.getTempWorkDirFile()
+                                                                                                 .getAbsolutePath());
            }


@@ -409,7 +421,9 @@ public class ItemImportCLITool {
            Date endTime = new Date();
            System.out.println("Started: " + startTime.getTime());
            System.out.println("Ended: " + endTime.getTime());
-            System.out.println("Elapsed time: " + ((endTime.getTime() - startTime.getTime()) / 1000) + " secs (" + (endTime.getTime() - startTime.getTime()) + " msecs)");
+            System.out.println(
+                "Elapsed time: " + ((endTime.getTime() - startTime.getTime()) / 1000) + " secs (" + (endTime
+                    .getTime() - startTime.getTime()) + " msecs)");
        }

        System.exit(status);
--- a/dspace-api/src/main/java/org/dspace/app/itemimport/ItemImportServiceImpl.java
+++ b/dspace-api/src/main/java/org/dspace/app/itemimport/ItemImportServiceImpl.java
--- a/dspace-api/src/main/java/org/dspace/app/itemimport/factory/ItemImportServiceFactory.java
+++ b/dspace-api/src/main/java/org/dspace/app/itemimport/factory/ItemImportServiceFactory.java
@@ -11,7 +11,8 @@ import org.dspace.app.itemimport.service.ItemImportService;
 import org.dspace.services.factory.DSpaceServicesFactory;

 /**
- * Abstract factory to get services for the itemimport package, use ItemImportService.getInstance() to retrieve an implementation
+ * Abstract factory to get services for the itemimport package, use ItemImportService.getInstance() to retrieve an
+ * implementation
 *
 * @author kevinvandevelde at atmire.com
 */
@@ -19,7 +20,8 @@ public abstract class ItemImportServiceFactory {

    public abstract ItemImportService getItemImportService();

-    public static ItemImportServiceFactory getInstance(){
-        return DSpaceServicesFactory.getInstance().getServiceManager().getServiceByName("itemImportServiceFactory", ItemImportServiceFactory.class);
+    public static ItemImportServiceFactory getInstance() {
+        return DSpaceServicesFactory.getInstance().getServiceManager()
+                                    .getServiceByName("itemImportServiceFactory", ItemImportServiceFactory.class);
    }
 }
--- a/dspace-api/src/main/java/org/dspace/app/itemimport/factory/ItemImportServiceFactoryImpl.java
+++ b/dspace-api/src/main/java/org/dspace/app/itemimport/factory/ItemImportServiceFactoryImpl.java
@@ -11,7 +11,8 @@ import org.dspace.app.itemimport.service.ItemImportService;
 import org.springframework.beans.factory.annotation.Autowired;

 /**
- * Factory implementation to get services for the itemimport package, use ItemImportService.getInstance() to retrieve an implementation
+ * Factory implementation to get services for the itemimport package, use ItemImportService.getInstance() to retrieve
+ * an implementation
 *
 * @author kevinvandevelde at atmire.com
 */
--- a/dspace-api/src/main/java/org/dspace/app/itemimport/service/ItemImportService.java
+++ b/dspace-api/src/main/java/org/dspace/app/itemimport/service/ItemImportService.java
@@ -7,16 +7,16 @@
 */
 package org.dspace.app.itemimport.service;

+import java.io.File;
+import java.io.IOException;
+import java.util.List;
+import javax.mail.MessagingException;
+
 import org.dspace.app.itemimport.BatchUpload;
 import org.dspace.content.Collection;
 import org.dspace.core.Context;
 import org.dspace.eperson.EPerson;

-import javax.mail.MessagingException;
-import java.io.File;
-import java.io.IOException;
-import java.util.List;
-
 /**
 * Import items into DSpace. The conventional use is upload files by copying
 * them. DSpace writes the item's bitstreams into its assetstore. Metadata is
@@ -36,28 +36,73 @@ import java.util.List;
 public interface ItemImportService {


-    public void addItemsAtomic(Context c, List<Collection> mycollections, String sourceDir, String mapFile, boolean template) throws Exception;
+    /**
+     * @param c             DSpace Context
+     * @param mycollections List of Collections
+     * @param sourceDir     source location
+     * @param mapFile       map file
+     * @param template      whether to use template item
+     * @throws Exception if error
+     */
+    public void addItemsAtomic(Context c, List<Collection> mycollections, String sourceDir, String mapFile,
+                               boolean template) throws Exception;

+    /**
+     * Add items
+     *
+     * @param c             DSpace Context
+     * @param mycollections List of Collections
+     * @param sourceDir     source location
+     * @param mapFile       map file
+     * @param template      whether to use template item
+     * @throws Exception if error
+     */
    public void addItems(Context c, List<Collection> mycollections,
-            String sourceDir, String mapFile, boolean template) throws Exception;
+                         String sourceDir, String mapFile, boolean template) throws Exception;

+    /**
+     * Unzip a file
+     *
+     * @param zipfile file
+     * @return unzip location
+     * @throws IOException if error
+     */
    public String unzip(File zipfile) throws IOException;

+    /**
+     * Unzip a file to a destination
+     *
+     * @param zipfile file
+     * @param destDir destination directory
+     * @return unzip location
+     * @throws IOException if error
+     */
    public String unzip(File zipfile, String destDir) throws IOException;

+    /**
+     * Unzip a file in a specific source directory
+     *
+     * @param sourcedir   source directory
+     * @param zipfilename file name
+     * @return unzip location
+     * @throws IOException if error
+     */
    public String unzip(String sourcedir, String zipfilename) throws IOException;

    /**
-     *
     * Given a public URL to a zip file that has the Simple Archive Format, this method imports the contents to DSpace
-     * @param url The public URL of the zip file
+     *
+     * @param url              The public URL of the zip file
     * @param owningCollection The owning collection the items will belong to
-     * @param collections The collections the created items will be inserted to, apart from the owning one
-     * @param resumeDir In case of a resume request, the directory that containsthe old mapfile and data
-     * @param context The context
-     * @throws Exception
+     * @param collections      The collections the created items will be inserted to, apart from the owning one
+     * @param resumeDir        In case of a resume request, the directory that containsthe old mapfile and data
+     * @param inputType        The input type of the data (bibtex, csv, etc.), in case of local file
+     * @param context          The context
+     * @param template         whether to use template item
+     * @throws Exception if error
     */
-    public void processUIImport(String url, Collection owningCollection, String[] collections, String resumeDir, String inputType, Context context, boolean template) throws Exception;
+    public void processUIImport(String url, Collection owningCollection, String[] collections, String resumeDir,
+                                String inputType, Context context, boolean template) throws Exception;

    /**
     * Since the BTE batch import is done in a new thread we are unable to communicate
@@ -65,16 +110,13 @@ public interface ItemImportService {
     * communication with email instead. Send a success email once the batch
     * import is complete
     *
-     * @param context
-     *            - the current Context
-     * @param eperson
-     *            - eperson to send the email to
-     * @param fileName
-     *            - the filepath to the mapfile created by the batch import
-     * @throws javax.mail.MessagingException
+     * @param context  - the current Context
+     * @param eperson  - eperson to send the email to
+     * @param fileName - the filepath to the mapfile created by the batch import
+     * @throws MessagingException if error
     */
    public void emailSuccessMessage(Context context, EPerson eperson,
-            String fileName) throws MessagingException;
+                                    String fileName) throws MessagingException;

    /**
     * Since the BTE batch import is done in a new thread we are unable to communicate
@@ -82,43 +124,130 @@ public interface ItemImportService {
     * communication with email instead. Send an error email if the batch
     * import fails
     *
-     * @param eperson
-     *            - EPerson to send the error message to
-     * @param error
-     *            - the error message
-     * @throws MessagingException
+     * @param eperson - EPerson to send the error message to
+     * @param error   - the error message
+     * @throws MessagingException if error
     */
    public void emailErrorMessage(EPerson eperson, String error)
-            throws MessagingException;
+        throws MessagingException;


+    /**
+     * Get imports available for a person
+     *
+     * @param eperson EPerson object
+     * @return List of batch uploads
+     * @throws Exception if error
+     */
    public List<BatchUpload> getImportsAvailable(EPerson eperson)
-            throws Exception;
+        throws Exception;

+    /**
+     * Get import upload directory
+     *
+     * @param ePerson EPerson object
+     * @return directory
+     * @throws Exception if error
+     */
    public String getImportUploadableDirectory(EPerson ePerson)
-            throws Exception;
+        throws Exception;

+    /**
+     * Delete a batch by ID
+     *
+     * @param c        DSpace Context
+     * @param uploadId identifier
+     * @throws Exception if error
+     */
    public void deleteBatchUpload(Context c, String uploadId) throws Exception;

-    public void replaceItems(Context c, List<Collection> mycollections, String sourcedir, String mapfile, boolean template) throws Exception;
+    /**
+     * Replace items
+     *
+     * @param c             DSpace Context
+     * @param mycollections List of Collections
+     * @param sourcedir     source directory
+     * @param mapfile       map file
+     * @param template      whether to use template item
+     * @throws Exception if error
+     */
+    public void replaceItems(Context c, List<Collection> mycollections, String sourcedir, String mapfile,
+                             boolean template) throws Exception;

+    /**
+     * Delete items via mapfile
+     *
+     * @param c       DSpace Context
+     * @param mapfile map file
+     * @throws Exception if error
+     */
    public void deleteItems(Context c, String mapfile) throws Exception;

-    public void addBTEItems(Context c, List<Collection> mycollections, String sourcedir, String mapfile, boolean template, String bteInputType, String workingDir) throws Exception;
+    /**
+     * Add items
+     *
+     * @param c             DSpace Context
+     * @param mycollections List of Collections
+     * @param sourcedir     source directory
+     * @param mapfile       map file
+     * @param template      whether to use template item
+     * @param bteInputType  The input type of the data (bibtex, csv, etc.), in case of local file
+     * @param workingDir    working directory
+     * @throws Exception if error
+     */
+    public void addBTEItems(Context c, List<Collection> mycollections, String sourcedir, String mapfile,
+                            boolean template, String bteInputType, String workingDir) throws Exception;

+    /**
+     * Get temporary work directory
+     *
+     * @return directory as string
+     */
    public String getTempWorkDir();

-    public File getTempWorkDirFile();
+    /**
+     * Get temporary work directory (as File)
+     *
+     * @return directory as File
+     * @throws java.io.IOException if the directory cannot be created.
+     */
+    public File getTempWorkDirFile() throws IOException;

+    /**
+     * Cleanup
+     */
    public void cleanupZipTemp();

+    /**
+     * Set test flag
+     *
+     * @param isTest true or false
+     */
    public void setTest(boolean isTest);

+    /**
+     * Set resume flag
+     *
+     * @param isResume true or false
+     */
    public void setResume(boolean isResume);

+    /**
+     * Set use workflow
+     *
+     * @param useWorkflow whether to enable workflow
+     */
    public void setUseWorkflow(boolean useWorkflow);

-    public void setUseWorkflowSendEmail(boolean useWorkflow);
+    /**
+     * @param useWorkflowSendMail whether to send mail
+     */
+    public void setUseWorkflowSendEmail(boolean useWorkflowSendMail);

+    /**
+     * Set quiet flag
+     *
+     * @param isQuiet true or false
+     */
    public void setQuiet(boolean isQuiet);
 }
--- a/dspace-api/src/main/java/org/dspace/app/itemmarking/ItemMarkingAvailabilityBitstreamStrategy.java
+++ b/dspace-api/src/main/java/org/dspace/app/itemmarking/ItemMarkingAvailabilityBitstreamStrategy.java
@@ -23,75 +23,71 @@ import org.springframework.beans.factory.annotation.Autowired;
 /**
 * This is an item marking Strategy class that tries to mark an item availability
 * based on the existence of bitstreams within the ORIGINAL bundle.
- * 
+ *
 * @author Kostas Stamatis
- * 
 */
 public class ItemMarkingAvailabilityBitstreamStrategy implements ItemMarkingExtractor {

-	private String availableImageName;
-	private String nonAvailableImageName;
+    private String availableImageName;
+    private String nonAvailableImageName;

    @Autowired(required = true)
    protected ItemService itemService;
-	
-	public ItemMarkingAvailabilityBitstreamStrategy() {
-	
-	}

-	@Override
-	public ItemMarkingInfo getItemMarkingInfo(Context context, Item item)
-			throws SQLException {
-		
-		List<Bundle> bundles = itemService.getBundles(item, "ORIGINAL");
-		if (bundles.size() == 0){
-			ItemMarkingInfo markInfo = new ItemMarkingInfo();
-			markInfo.setImageName(nonAvailableImageName);	
-			
-			return markInfo;
-		}
-		else {
-			Bundle originalBundle = bundles.iterator().next();
-			if (originalBundle.getBitstreams().size() == 0){
-				ItemMarkingInfo markInfo = new ItemMarkingInfo();
-				markInfo.setImageName(nonAvailableImageName);
-				
-				return markInfo;
-			}
-			else {
+    public ItemMarkingAvailabilityBitstreamStrategy() {
+
+    }
+
+    @Override
+    public ItemMarkingInfo getItemMarkingInfo(Context context, Item item)
+        throws SQLException {
+
+        List<Bundle> bundles = itemService.getBundles(item, "ORIGINAL");
+        if (bundles.size() == 0) {
+            ItemMarkingInfo markInfo = new ItemMarkingInfo();
+            markInfo.setImageName(nonAvailableImageName);
+
+            return markInfo;
+        } else {
+            Bundle originalBundle = bundles.iterator().next();
+            if (originalBundle.getBitstreams().size() == 0) {
+                ItemMarkingInfo markInfo = new ItemMarkingInfo();
+                markInfo.setImageName(nonAvailableImageName);
+
+                return markInfo;
+            } else {
                Bitstream bitstream = originalBundle.getBitstreams().get(0);

                ItemMarkingInfo signInfo = new ItemMarkingInfo();
                signInfo.setImageName(availableImageName);
                signInfo.setTooltip(bitstream.getName());
-				
-				
-				
-				String bsLink = "";
+
+
+                String bsLink = "";

                bsLink = bsLink + "bitstream/"
-                            + item.getHandle() + "/"
-                            + bitstream.getSequenceID() + "/";
-                
+                    + item.getHandle() + "/"
+                    + bitstream.getSequenceID() + "/";
+
                try {
-					bsLink = bsLink + Util.encodeBitstreamName(bitstream.getName(),  Constants.DEFAULT_ENCODING);
-				} catch (UnsupportedEncodingException e) {
-					
-					e.printStackTrace();
-				}
-                
-				signInfo.setLink(bsLink);
-				
-				return signInfo;
-			}
-		}
-	}
+                    bsLink = bsLink + Util.encodeBitstreamName(bitstream.getName(), Constants.DEFAULT_ENCODING);
+                } catch (UnsupportedEncodingException e) {

-	public void setAvailableImageName(String availableImageName) {
-		this.availableImageName = availableImageName;
-	}
+                    e.printStackTrace();
+                }

-	public void setNonAvailableImageName(String nonAvailableImageName) {
-		this.nonAvailableImageName = nonAvailableImageName;
-	}	
+                signInfo.setLink(bsLink);
+
+                return signInfo;
+            }
+        }
+    }
+
+    public void setAvailableImageName(String availableImageName) {
+        this.availableImageName = availableImageName;
+    }
+
+    public void setNonAvailableImageName(String nonAvailableImageName) {
+        this.nonAvailableImageName = nonAvailableImageName;
+    }
 }
--- a/dspace-api/src/main/java/org/dspace/app/itemmarking/ItemMarkingCollectionStrategy.java
+++ b/dspace-api/src/main/java/org/dspace/app/itemmarking/ItemMarkingCollectionStrategy.java
@@ -18,33 +18,32 @@ import org.dspace.core.Context;
 /**
 * This is an item marking Strategy class that tries to mark an item
 * based on the collection the items belong to
- * 
+ *
 * @author Kostas Stamatis
- * 
 */
 public class ItemMarkingCollectionStrategy implements ItemMarkingExtractor {

-	Map<String, ItemMarkingInfo> mapping = new HashMap<String, ItemMarkingInfo>();
-	
-	public ItemMarkingCollectionStrategy() {
-	}
+    Map<String, ItemMarkingInfo> mapping = new HashMap<String, ItemMarkingInfo>();

-	@Override
-	public ItemMarkingInfo getItemMarkingInfo(Context context, Item item)
-			throws SQLException {
-		
-		if (mapping!=null){
-			for (Collection collection : item.getCollections()){
-				if (mapping.containsKey(collection.getHandle())){
-					return mapping.get(collection.getHandle());
-				}
-			}
-		}
-		
-		return null;
-	}
+    public ItemMarkingCollectionStrategy() {
+    }

-	public void setMapping(Map<String, ItemMarkingInfo> mapping) {
-		this.mapping = mapping;
-	}
+    @Override
+    public ItemMarkingInfo getItemMarkingInfo(Context context, Item item)
+        throws SQLException {
+
+        if (mapping != null) {
+            for (Collection collection : item.getCollections()) {
+                if (mapping.containsKey(collection.getHandle())) {
+                    return mapping.get(collection.getHandle());
+                }
+            }
+        }
+
+        return null;
+    }
+
+    public void setMapping(Map<String, ItemMarkingInfo> mapping) {
+        this.mapping = mapping;
+    }
 }
--- a/dspace-api/src/main/java/org/dspace/app/itemmarking/ItemMarkingExtractor.java
+++ b/dspace-api/src/main/java/org/dspace/app/itemmarking/ItemMarkingExtractor.java
@@ -14,11 +14,10 @@ import org.dspace.core.Context;

 /**
 * Interface to abstract the strategy for item signing
- * 
+ *
 * @author Kostas Stamatis
- * 
 */
 public interface ItemMarkingExtractor {
-	public ItemMarkingInfo getItemMarkingInfo(Context context, Item item)
-			throws SQLException;
+    public ItemMarkingInfo getItemMarkingInfo(Context context, Item item)
+        throws SQLException;
 }
--- a/dspace-api/src/main/java/org/dspace/app/itemmarking/ItemMarkingInfo.java
+++ b/dspace-api/src/main/java/org/dspace/app/itemmarking/ItemMarkingInfo.java
@@ -9,49 +9,48 @@ package org.dspace.app.itemmarking;

 /**
 * Simple DTO to transfer data about the marking info for an item
- * 
+ *
 * @author Kostas Stamatis
- * 
 */
 public class ItemMarkingInfo {
-	private String imageName;
-	private String classInfo;
-	private String tooltip;
-	private String link;
+    private String imageName;
+    private String classInfo;
+    private String tooltip;
+    private String link;

-	public ItemMarkingInfo() {
-		super();
-	}
+    public ItemMarkingInfo() {
+        super();
+    }

-	public String getImageName() {
-		return imageName;
-	}
+    public String getImageName() {
+        return imageName;
+    }

-	public void setImageName(String imageName) {
-		this.imageName = imageName;
-	}
+    public void setImageName(String imageName) {
+        this.imageName = imageName;
+    }

-	public String getTooltip() {
-		return tooltip;
-	}
+    public String getTooltip() {
+        return tooltip;
+    }

-	public void setTooltip(String tooltip) {
-		this.tooltip = tooltip;
-	}
-	
-	public String getLink() {
-		return link;
-	}
+    public void setTooltip(String tooltip) {
+        this.tooltip = tooltip;
+    }

-	public void setLink(String link) {
-		this.link = link;
-	}
-	
-	public String getClassInfo() {
-		return classInfo;
-	}
+    public String getLink() {
+        return link;
+    }

-	public void setClassInfo(String classInfo) {
-		this.classInfo = classInfo;
-	}
+    public void setLink(String link) {
+        this.link = link;
+    }
+
+    public String getClassInfo() {
+        return classInfo;
+    }
+
+    public void setClassInfo(String classInfo) {
+        this.classInfo = classInfo;
+    }
 }
--- a/dspace-api/src/main/java/org/dspace/app/itemmarking/ItemMarkingMetadataStrategy.java
+++ b/dspace-api/src/main/java/org/dspace/app/itemmarking/ItemMarkingMetadataStrategy.java
@@ -22,46 +22,43 @@ import org.springframework.beans.factory.annotation.Autowired;
 * This is an item marking Strategy class that tries to mark an item
 * based on the existence of a specific value within the values of a specific
 * metadata field
- * 
+ *
 * @author Kostas Stamatis
- * 
 */
 public class ItemMarkingMetadataStrategy implements ItemMarkingExtractor {

    @Autowired(required = true)
    protected ItemService itemService;

-	private String metadataField;
-	Map<String, ItemMarkingInfo> mapping = new HashMap<String, ItemMarkingInfo>();
-	
-	public ItemMarkingMetadataStrategy() {
-	}
+    private String metadataField;
+    Map<String, ItemMarkingInfo> mapping = new HashMap<String, ItemMarkingInfo>();

-	@Override
-	public ItemMarkingInfo getItemMarkingInfo(Context context, Item item)
-			throws SQLException {
-		
-		if (metadataField != null && mapping!=null)
-		{
-			List<MetadataValue> vals = itemService.getMetadataByMetadataString(item, metadataField);
-			if (vals.size() > 0)
-			{
-				for (MetadataValue value : vals){
-					String type = value.getValue();
-					if (mapping.containsKey(type)){
-						return mapping.get(type);
-					}
-				}
-			}
-		}
-		return null;
-	}
+    public ItemMarkingMetadataStrategy() {
+    }

-	public void setMetadataField(String metadataField) {
-		this.metadataField = metadataField;
-	}
+    @Override
+    public ItemMarkingInfo getItemMarkingInfo(Context context, Item item)
+        throws SQLException {

-	public void setMapping(Map<String, ItemMarkingInfo> mapping) {
-		this.mapping = mapping;
-	}
+        if (metadataField != null && mapping != null) {
+            List<MetadataValue> vals = itemService.getMetadataByMetadataString(item, metadataField);
+            if (vals.size() > 0) {
+                for (MetadataValue value : vals) {
+                    String type = value.getValue();
+                    if (mapping.containsKey(type)) {
+                        return mapping.get(type);
+                    }
+                }
+            }
+        }
+        return null;
+    }
+
+    public void setMetadataField(String metadataField) {
+        this.metadataField = metadataField;
+    }
+
+    public void setMapping(Map<String, ItemMarkingInfo> mapping) {
+        this.mapping = mapping;
+    }
 }
--- a/dspace-api/src/main/java/org/dspace/app/itemupdate/ActionManager.java
+++ b/dspace-api/src/main/java/org/dspace/app/itemupdate/ActionManager.java
@@ -12,73 +12,70 @@ import java.util.LinkedHashMap;
 import java.util.Map;

 /**
- * 	 Container for UpdateActions      
- *    Order of actions is very import for correct processing.  This implementation
- *     supports an iterator that returns the actions in the order in which they are
- *     put in.  Adding the same action a second time has no effect on this order.
- * 
- *
+ * Container for UpdateActions
+ * Order of actions is very import for correct processing.  This implementation
+ * supports an iterator that returns the actions in the order in which they are
+ * put in.  Adding the same action a second time has no effect on this order.
 */
 public class ActionManager implements Iterable<UpdateAction> {
-	
-	protected Map<Class<? extends UpdateAction>, UpdateAction> registry
-                     = new LinkedHashMap<Class<? extends UpdateAction>, UpdateAction>();
-	
-	public UpdateAction getUpdateAction(Class<? extends UpdateAction> actionClass) 
-	throws InstantiationException, IllegalAccessException
-	{
-		UpdateAction action =  registry.get(actionClass);
-		
-		if (action == null)
-		{
-			action = actionClass.newInstance();
-			registry.put(actionClass, action);
-		}
-		
-		return action;		
-	}
-	
-	/**
-	 * 
-	 * @return whether any actions have been registered with this manager
-	 */
-	public boolean hasActions()
-	{
-		return !registry.isEmpty();
-	}
-	
-	/**
-	 * 	 This implementation guarantees the iterator order is the same as the order
-	 *   in which updateActions have been added
-	 * 
-	 * @return iterator for UpdateActions
-	 */
-	@Override
-    public Iterator<UpdateAction> iterator()
-	{
-		return new Iterator<UpdateAction>() 
-		{ 			
-			private Iterator<Class<? extends UpdateAction>> itr = registry.keySet().iterator();
-			
-			@Override
-            public boolean hasNext()
-			{
-				return itr.hasNext();
-			}
-			
-			@Override
-            public UpdateAction next()
-			{
-				return registry.get(itr.next());
-			}
-			
-			//not supported
-			@Override
-            public void remove()
-			{
-				throw new UnsupportedOperationException();
-			}
-		};
-		
-	}
+
+    protected Map<Class<? extends UpdateAction>, UpdateAction> registry
+        = new LinkedHashMap<Class<? extends UpdateAction>, UpdateAction>();
+
+    /**
+     * Get update action
+     *
+     * @param actionClass UpdateAction class
+     * @return instantiation of UpdateAction class
+     * @throws InstantiationException if instantiation error
+     * @throws IllegalAccessException if illegal access error
+     */
+    public UpdateAction getUpdateAction(Class<? extends UpdateAction> actionClass)
+        throws InstantiationException, IllegalAccessException {
+        UpdateAction action = registry.get(actionClass);
+
+        if (action == null) {
+            action = actionClass.newInstance();
+            registry.put(actionClass, action);
+        }
+
+        return action;
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * @return whether any actions have been registered with this manager
+     */
+    public boolean hasActions() {
+        return !registry.isEmpty();
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * This implementation guarantees the iterator order is the same as the order
+     * in which updateActions have been added
+     *
+     * @return iterator for UpdateActions
+     */
+    @Override
+    public Iterator<UpdateAction> iterator() {
+        return new Iterator<UpdateAction>() {
+            private Iterator<Class<? extends UpdateAction>> itr = registry.keySet().iterator();
+
+            @Override
+            public boolean hasNext() {
+                return itr.hasNext();
+            }
+
+            @Override
+            public UpdateAction next() {
+                return registry.get(itr.next());
+            }
+
+            //not supported
+            @Override
+            public void remove() {
+                throw new UnsupportedOperationException();
+            }
+        };
+
+    }
 }
--- a/dspace-api/src/main/java/org/dspace/app/itemupdate/AddBitstreamsAction.java
+++ b/dspace-api/src/main/java/org/dspace/app/itemupdate/AddBitstreamsAction.java
@@ -19,7 +19,11 @@ import java.util.List;
 import org.dspace.authorize.AuthorizeException;
 import org.dspace.authorize.factory.AuthorizeServiceFactory;
 import org.dspace.authorize.service.AuthorizeService;
-import org.dspace.content.*;
+import org.dspace.content.Bitstream;
+import org.dspace.content.BitstreamFormat;
+import org.dspace.content.Bundle;
+import org.dspace.content.DCDate;
+import org.dspace.content.Item;
 import org.dspace.content.factory.ContentServiceFactory;
 import org.dspace.content.service.BitstreamFormatService;
 import org.dspace.content.service.InstallItemService;
@@ -29,185 +33,176 @@ import org.dspace.eperson.factory.EPersonServiceFactory;
 import org.dspace.eperson.service.GroupService;

 /**
- * 	 Action to add bitstreams listed in item contents file to the item in DSpace	
- *   
- *
+ * Action to add bitstreams listed in item contents file to the item in DSpace
 */
 public class AddBitstreamsAction extends UpdateBitstreamsAction {

    protected AuthorizeService authorizeService = AuthorizeServiceFactory.getInstance().getAuthorizeService();
-    protected BitstreamFormatService bitstreamFormatService = ContentServiceFactory.getInstance().getBitstreamFormatService();
+    protected BitstreamFormatService bitstreamFormatService = ContentServiceFactory.getInstance()
+                                                                                   .getBitstreamFormatService();
    protected GroupService groupService = EPersonServiceFactory.getInstance().getGroupService();
    protected InstallItemService installItemService = ContentServiceFactory.getInstance().getInstallItemService();

-	public AddBitstreamsAction()
-	{
-		//empty	
-	}
-	
-	/**
-	 * 	Adds bitstreams from the archive as listed in the contents file.
-	 * 
-	 *  @param context
-	 *  @param itarch
-	 *  @param isTest
-	 *  @param suppressUndo
-	 *  @throws IllegalArgumentException
-	 *  @throws ParseException
-	 *  @throws IOException
-	 *  @throws AuthorizeException
-	 *  @throws SQLException
-	 */
-	@Override
-    public void execute(Context context, ItemArchive itarch, boolean isTest,
-            boolean suppressUndo) throws IllegalArgumentException,
-            ParseException, IOException, AuthorizeException, SQLException 
-	{
-		Item item = itarch.getItem();
-		File dir = itarch.getDirectory();
-		
-		List<ContentsEntry> contents = MetadataUtilities.readContentsFile(new File(dir, ItemUpdate.CONTENTS_FILE));
-		
-		if (contents.isEmpty())
-		{
-			ItemUpdate.pr("Contents is empty - no bitstreams to add");
-			return;
-		}
-		
-		ItemUpdate.pr("Contents bitstream count: " + contents.size());
-		
-		String[] files = dir.list(ItemUpdate.fileFilter);
-		List<String> fileList = new ArrayList<String>();
-		for (String filename : files)
-		{
-			fileList.add(filename);
-			ItemUpdate.pr("file: " + filename);
-		}
-		
-		for (ContentsEntry ce : contents)
-		{
-			//validate match to existing file in archive
-			if (!fileList.contains(ce.filename))
-			{
-				throw new IllegalArgumentException("File listed in contents is missing: " + ce.filename);
-			}
-		}
-		int bitstream_bundles_updated = 0;
-		
-		//now okay to add
-		for (ContentsEntry ce : contents)
-		{        				
-			String targetBundleName = addBitstream(context, itarch, item, dir, ce, suppressUndo, isTest);
-			if (!targetBundleName.equals("")
-			    && !targetBundleName.equals("THUMBNAIL")
-			    && !targetBundleName.equals("TEXT"))
-			{
-				bitstream_bundles_updated++;
-			}
-		}
+    public AddBitstreamsAction() {
+        //empty
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * Adds bitstreams from the archive as listed in the contents file.
+     *
+     * @param context      DSpace Context
+     * @param itarch       Item Archive
+     * @param isTest       test flag
+     * @param suppressUndo undo flag
+     * @throws IOException              if IO error
+     * @throws IllegalArgumentException if arg exception
+     * @throws SQLException             if database error
+     * @throws AuthorizeException       if authorization error
+     * @throws ParseException           if parse error
+     */
+    @Override
+    public void execute(Context context, ItemArchive itarch, boolean isTest,
+                        boolean suppressUndo) throws IllegalArgumentException,
+        ParseException, IOException, AuthorizeException, SQLException {
+        Item item = itarch.getItem();
+        File dir = itarch.getDirectory();
+
+        List<ContentsEntry> contents = MetadataUtilities.readContentsFile(new File(dir, ItemUpdate.CONTENTS_FILE));
+
+        if (contents.isEmpty()) {
+            ItemUpdate.pr("Contents is empty - no bitstreams to add");
+            return;
+        }
+
+        ItemUpdate.pr("Contents bitstream count: " + contents.size());
+
+        String[] files = dir.list(ItemUpdate.fileFilter);
+        List<String> fileList = new ArrayList<String>();
+        for (String filename : files) {
+            fileList.add(filename);
+            ItemUpdate.pr("file: " + filename);
+        }
+
+        for (ContentsEntry ce : contents) {
+            //validate match to existing file in archive
+            if (!fileList.contains(ce.filename)) {
+                throw new IllegalArgumentException("File listed in contents is missing: " + ce.filename);
+            }
+        }
+        int bitstream_bundles_updated = 0;
+
+        //now okay to add
+        for (ContentsEntry ce : contents) {
+            String targetBundleName = addBitstream(context, itarch, item, dir, ce, suppressUndo, isTest);
+            if (!targetBundleName.equals("")
+                && !targetBundleName.equals("THUMBNAIL")
+                && !targetBundleName.equals("TEXT")) {
+                bitstream_bundles_updated++;
+            }
+        }
+
+        if (alterProvenance && bitstream_bundles_updated > 0) {
+            DtoMetadata dtom = DtoMetadata.create("dc.description.provenance", "en", "");
+
+            String append = ". Added " + Integer.toString(bitstream_bundles_updated)
+                + " bitstream(s) on " + DCDate.getCurrent() + " : "
+                + installItemService.getBitstreamProvenanceMessage(context, item);
+            MetadataUtilities.appendMetadata(context, item, dtom, false, append);
+        }
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * Add bitstream
+     *
+     * @param context      DSpace Context
+     * @param itarch       Item Archive
+     * @param item         DSpace Item
+     * @param dir          directory
+     * @param ce           contents entry for bitstream
+     * @param suppressUndo undo flag
+     * @param isTest       test flag
+     * @return bundle name
+     * @throws IOException              if IO error
+     * @throws IllegalArgumentException if arg exception
+     * @throws SQLException             if database error
+     * @throws AuthorizeException       if authorization error
+     * @throws ParseException           if parse error
+     */
+    protected String addBitstream(Context context, ItemArchive itarch, Item item, File dir,
+                                  ContentsEntry ce, boolean suppressUndo, boolean isTest)
+        throws IOException, IllegalArgumentException, SQLException, AuthorizeException, ParseException {
+        ItemUpdate.pr("contents entry for bitstream: " + ce.toString());
+        File f = new File(dir, ce.filename);

-	        if (alterProvenance && bitstream_bundles_updated > 0)
-	        {
-	        	DtoMetadata dtom = DtoMetadata.create("dc.description.provenance", "en", "");
-	        
-	        	String append = ". Added " + Integer.toString(bitstream_bundles_updated)
-	        	                + " bitstream(s) on " + DCDate.getCurrent() + " : "
-	        	                + installItemService.getBitstreamProvenanceMessage(context, item);
-	        	MetadataUtilities.appendMetadata(context, item, dtom, false, append);
-	        }
-	}
-		
-	protected String addBitstream(Context context, ItemArchive itarch, Item item, File dir,
-			                  ContentsEntry ce, boolean suppressUndo, boolean isTest)
-	throws IOException, IllegalArgumentException, SQLException, AuthorizeException, ParseException
-	{
-		ItemUpdate.pr("contents entry for bitstream: " + ce.toString());
-    	File f = new File(dir, ce.filename);
-    	
        // get an input stream
        BufferedInputStream bis = new BufferedInputStream(new FileInputStream(f));

        Bitstream bs = null;
        String newBundleName = ce.bundlename;

-        if (ce.bundlename == null)  // should be required but default convention established
-        {
-            if (ce.filename.equals("license.txt"))
-            {
+        if (ce.bundlename == null) { // should be required but default convention established
+            if (ce.filename.equals("license.txt")) {
                newBundleName = "LICENSE";
-            }
-            else  
-            {
+            } else {
                newBundleName = "ORIGINAL";
            }
        }
        ItemUpdate.pr("  Bitstream " + ce.filename + " to be added to bundle: " + newBundleName);
-        
-        if (!isTest)
-        {
-	        // find the bundle
-	        List<Bundle> bundles = itemService.getBundles(item, newBundleName);
-	        Bundle targetBundle = null;
-	
-	        if (bundles.size() < 1)
-	        {
-	            // not found, create a new one
-	            targetBundle = bundleService.create(context, item, newBundleName);
-	        }
-	        else
-	        {
-	    		//verify bundle + name are not duplicates
-	        	for (Bundle b : bundles)
-	        	{
-	        		List<Bitstream> bitstreams = b.getBitstreams();
-	        		for (Bitstream bsm : bitstreams)
-	        		{
-                        if (bsm.getName().equals(ce.filename))
-	        			{
-	        				throw new IllegalArgumentException("Duplicate bundle + filename cannot be added: " 
-	        						+ b.getName() + " + " + bsm.getName());
-	        			}
-	        		}
-	        	}

-	            // select first bundle
-	            targetBundle = bundles.iterator().next();
-	        }
-	
-	        bs = bitstreamService.create(context, targetBundle, bis);
-	        bs.setName(context, ce.filename);
-	
-	        // Identify the format
-	        // FIXME - guessing format guesses license.txt incorrectly as a text file format!
-	        BitstreamFormat fmt = bitstreamFormatService.guessFormat(context, bs);
-	    	bitstreamService.setFormat(context, bs, fmt);
+        if (!isTest) {
+            // find the bundle
+            List<Bundle> bundles = itemService.getBundles(item, newBundleName);
+            Bundle targetBundle = null;

-	        if (ce.description != null)
-	        {
-	        	bs.setDescription(context, ce.description);
-	        }
-	        	        
-	        if ((ce.permissionsActionId != -1) && (ce.permissionsGroupName != null))
-	        {
-				Group group = groupService.findByName(context, ce.permissionsGroupName);
-				
-				if (group != null)
-				{
+            if (bundles.size() < 1) {
+                // not found, create a new one
+                targetBundle = bundleService.create(context, item, newBundleName);
+            } else {
+                //verify bundle + name are not duplicates
+                for (Bundle b : bundles) {
+                    List<Bitstream> bitstreams = b.getBitstreams();
+                    for (Bitstream bsm : bitstreams) {
+                        if (bsm.getName().equals(ce.filename)) {
+                            throw new IllegalArgumentException("Duplicate bundle + filename cannot be added: "
+                                                                   + b.getName() + " + " + bsm.getName());
+                        }
+                    }
+                }
+
+                // select first bundle
+                targetBundle = bundles.iterator().next();
+            }
+
+            bs = bitstreamService.create(context, targetBundle, bis);
+            bs.setName(context, ce.filename);
+
+            // Identify the format
+            // FIXME - guessing format guesses license.txt incorrectly as a text file format!
+            BitstreamFormat fmt = bitstreamFormatService.guessFormat(context, bs);
+            bitstreamService.setFormat(context, bs, fmt);
+
+            if (ce.description != null) {
+                bs.setDescription(context, ce.description);
+            }
+
+            if ((ce.permissionsActionId != -1) && (ce.permissionsGroupName != null)) {
+                Group group = groupService.findByName(context, ce.permissionsGroupName);
+
+                if (group != null) {
                    authorizeService.removeAllPolicies(context, bs);  // remove the default policy
                    authorizeService.createResourcePolicy(context, bs, group, null, ce.permissionsActionId, null);
-				}
-	        }
-	        
-	        //update after all changes are applied
+                }
+            }
+
+            //update after all changes are applied
            bitstreamService.update(context, bs);
-        
-	        if (!suppressUndo)
-	        {
-	        	itarch.addUndoDeleteContents(bs.getID());
-	        }
-		return targetBundle.getName();
+
+            if (!suppressUndo) {
+                itarch.addUndoDeleteContents(bs.getID());
+            }
+            return targetBundle.getName();
        }
-	return "";
+        return "";
    }

 }
--- a/dspace-api/src/main/java/org/dspace/app/itemupdate/AddMetadataAction.java
+++ b/dspace-api/src/main/java/org/dspace/app/itemupdate/AddMetadataAction.java
@@ -11,119 +11,107 @@ import java.sql.SQLException;
 import java.util.List;

 import org.dspace.authorize.AuthorizeException;
-import org.dspace.content.MetadataValue;
 import org.dspace.content.Item;
 import org.dspace.content.MetadataField;
 import org.dspace.content.MetadataSchema;
-
+import org.dspace.content.MetadataValue;
 import org.dspace.content.factory.ContentServiceFactory;
 import org.dspace.content.service.MetadataFieldService;
 import org.dspace.content.service.MetadataSchemaService;
 import org.dspace.core.Context;

 /**
- *   Action to add metadata to item
- *
+ * Action to add metadata to item
 */
 public class AddMetadataAction extends UpdateMetadataAction {

-    protected MetadataSchemaService metadataSchemaService = ContentServiceFactory.getInstance().getMetadataSchemaService();
+    protected MetadataSchemaService metadataSchemaService = ContentServiceFactory.getInstance()
+                                                                                 .getMetadataSchemaService();
    protected MetadataFieldService metadataFieldService = ContentServiceFactory.getInstance().getMetadataFieldService();

-	/**
-	 * 	Adds metadata specified in the source archive
-	 * 
-	 *  @param context
-	 *  @param itarch
-	 *  @param isTest
-	 *  @param suppressUndo
-	 *  @throws AuthorizeException
-	 *  @throws SQLException
-	 */
-	@Override
+    /**
+     * Adds metadata specified in the source archive
+     *
+     * @param context      DSpace Context
+     * @param itarch       item archive
+     * @param isTest       test flag
+     * @param suppressUndo undo flag
+     * @throws AuthorizeException if authorization error
+     * @throws SQLException       if database error
+     */
+    @Override
    public void execute(Context context, ItemArchive itarch, boolean isTest,
-            boolean suppressUndo) throws AuthorizeException, SQLException
-	{
-		Item item = itarch.getItem();
-		String dirname = itarch.getDirectoryName();
-	    	
-		for (DtoMetadata dtom : itarch.getMetadataFields())
-		{
-			for (String f : targetFields)
-			{
-				if (dtom.matches(f, false))
-				{
-					// match against metadata for this field/value in repository
-					// qualifier must be strictly matched, possibly null					
-					List<MetadataValue> ardcv = null;
-					ardcv = itemService.getMetadata(item, dtom.schema, dtom.element, dtom.qualifier, Item.ANY);
-					
-					boolean found = false;
-					for (MetadataValue dcv : ardcv)
-					{
-						if (dcv.getValue().equals(dtom.value))
-						{
-							found = true;
-							break;
-						}
-					}
-					
-					if (found)
-					{
-						ItemUpdate.pr("Warning:  No new metadata found to add to item " + dirname 
-								+ " for element " + f);						
-					}
-					else
-					{
-						if (isTest)
-						{
-							ItemUpdate.pr("Metadata to add: " + dtom.toString());
-							   //validity tests that would occur in actual processing
-	        	            // If we're just test the import, let's check that the actual metadata field exists.
-	        	        	MetadataSchema foundSchema = metadataSchemaService.find(context, dtom.schema);
-	        	        	
-	        	        	if (foundSchema == null)
-	        	        	{
-	        	        		ItemUpdate.pr("ERROR: schema '" 
-	        	        			+ dtom.schema + "' was not found in the registry; found on item " + dirname);
-	        	        	}
-	        	        	else
-	        	        	{
-		        	        	MetadataField foundField = metadataFieldService.findByElement(context, foundSchema, dtom.element, dtom.qualifier);
-		        	        	
-		        	        	if (foundField == null)
-		        	        	{
-		        	        		ItemUpdate.pr("ERROR: Metadata field: '" + dtom.schema + "." + dtom.element + "." 
-		        	        				+ dtom.qualifier + "' not found in registry; found on item " + dirname);
-		        	            }		
-	        				}						
-						}
-						else
-						{
-							itemService.addMetadata(context, item, dtom.schema, dtom.element, dtom.qualifier, dtom.language, dtom.value);
-							ItemUpdate.pr("Metadata added: " + dtom.toString());
-	
-							if (!suppressUndo)
-							{
-								//itarch.addUndoDtom(dtom);
-								//ItemUpdate.pr("Undo metadata: " + dtom);
-								
-								// add all as a replace record to be preceded by delete
-								for (MetadataValue dcval : ardcv)
-								{
+                        boolean suppressUndo) throws AuthorizeException, SQLException {
+        Item item = itarch.getItem();
+        String dirname = itarch.getDirectoryName();
+
+        for (DtoMetadata dtom : itarch.getMetadataFields()) {
+            for (String f : targetFields) {
+                if (dtom.matches(f, false)) {
+                    // match against metadata for this field/value in repository
+                    // qualifier must be strictly matched, possibly null
+                    List<MetadataValue> ardcv = null;
+                    ardcv = itemService.getMetadata(item, dtom.schema, dtom.element, dtom.qualifier, Item.ANY);
+
+                    boolean found = false;
+                    for (MetadataValue dcv : ardcv) {
+                        if (dcv.getValue().equals(dtom.value)) {
+                            found = true;
+                            break;
+                        }
+                    }
+
+                    if (found) {
+                        ItemUpdate.pr("Warning:  No new metadata found to add to item " + dirname
+                                          + " for element " + f);
+                    } else {
+                        if (isTest) {
+                            ItemUpdate.pr("Metadata to add: " + dtom.toString());
+                            //validity tests that would occur in actual processing
+                            // If we're just test the import, let's check that the actual metadata field exists.
+                            MetadataSchema foundSchema = metadataSchemaService.find(context, dtom.schema);
+
+                            if (foundSchema == null) {
+                                ItemUpdate.pr("ERROR: schema '"
+                                                  + dtom.schema + "' was not found in the registry; found on item " +
+                                                  dirname);
+                            } else {
+                                MetadataField foundField = metadataFieldService
+                                    .findByElement(context, foundSchema, dtom.element, dtom.qualifier);
+
+                                if (foundField == null) {
+                                    ItemUpdate.pr("ERROR: Metadata field: '" + dtom.schema + "." + dtom.element + "."
+                                                      + dtom.qualifier + "' not found in registry; found on item " +
+                                                      dirname);
+                                }
+                            }
+                        } else {
+                            itemService
+                                .addMetadata(context, item, dtom.schema, dtom.element, dtom.qualifier, dtom.language,
+                                             dtom.value);
+                            ItemUpdate.pr("Metadata added: " + dtom.toString());
+
+                            if (!suppressUndo) {
+                                //itarch.addUndoDtom(dtom);
+                                //ItemUpdate.pr("Undo metadata: " + dtom);
+
+                                // add all as a replace record to be preceded by delete
+                                for (MetadataValue dcval : ardcv) {
                                    MetadataField metadataField = dcval.getMetadataField();
                                    MetadataSchema metadataSchema = metadataField.getMetadataSchema();
-                                    itarch.addUndoMetadataField(DtoMetadata.create(metadataSchema.getName(), metadataField.getElement(),
-                                            metadataField.getQualifier(), dcval.getLanguage(), dcval.getValue()));
-								}
-								
-							}
-						}
-					}
-					break;  // don't need to check if this field matches any other target fields
-				}
-			} 				
-		}   
-	}
+                                    itarch.addUndoMetadataField(
+                                        DtoMetadata.create(metadataSchema.getName(), metadataField.getElement(),
+                                                           metadataField.getQualifier(), dcval.getLanguage(),
+                                                           dcval.getValue()));
+                                }
+
+                            }
+                        }
+                    }
+                    break;  // don't need to check if this field matches any other target fields
+                }
+            }
+        }
+    }

 }
--- a/dspace-api/src/main/java/org/dspace/app/itemupdate/BitstreamFilter.java
+++ b/dspace-api/src/main/java/org/dspace/app/itemupdate/BitstreamFilter.java
@@ -7,55 +7,49 @@
 */
 package org.dspace.app.itemupdate;

-import java.io.IOException;
-import java.util.Properties;
-import java.io.InputStream;
 import java.io.FileInputStream;
+import java.io.IOException;
+import java.io.InputStream;
+import java.util.Properties;
+
 import org.dspace.content.Bitstream;

 /**
- *   Filter interface to be used by ItemUpdate 
- *   to determine which bitstreams in an Item
- *   acceptable for removal.
- *
+ * Filter interface to be used by ItemUpdate
+ * to determine which bitstreams in an Item
+ * acceptable for removal.
 */
 public abstract class BitstreamFilter {

-	protected Properties props = null; 
-	
-	/**
-	 *  The filter method 
-	 *  
-	 * @param bitstream
-	 * @return whether the bitstream matches the criteria
-	 * @throws BitstreamFilterException
-	 */
-	public abstract boolean accept(Bitstream bitstream) throws BitstreamFilterException;
-	
-	/**
-	 * 
-	 * @param filepath - The complete path for the properties file
-	 * @throws IOException
-	 */
-	public void initProperties(String filepath)
-	throws IOException
-	{
-		props = new Properties();
-		
-		InputStream in = null;
+    protected Properties props = null;

-        try
-        {
+    /**
+     * The filter method
+     *
+     * @param bitstream Bitstream
+     * @return whether the bitstream matches the criteria
+     * @throws BitstreamFilterException if filter error
+     */
+    public abstract boolean accept(Bitstream bitstream) throws BitstreamFilterException;
+
+    /**
+     * @param filepath - The complete path for the properties file
+     * @throws IOException if IO error
+     */
+    public void initProperties(String filepath)
+        throws IOException {
+        props = new Properties();
+
+        InputStream in = null;
+
+        try {
            in = new FileInputStream(filepath);
            props.load(in);
-        }
-        finally
-        {
-            if (in != null)
-            {
+        } finally {
+            if (in != null) {
                in.close();
            }
        }
-	}
-	
+    }
+
 }
--- a/dspace-api/src/main/java/org/dspace/app/itemupdate/BitstreamFilterByBundleName.java
+++ b/dspace-api/src/main/java/org/dspace/app/itemupdate/BitstreamFilterByBundleName.java
@@ -14,55 +14,44 @@ import org.dspace.content.Bitstream;
 import org.dspace.content.Bundle;

 /**
- *   BitstreamFilter implementation to filter by bundle name
- *
+ * BitstreamFilter implementation to filter by bundle name
 */
 public class BitstreamFilterByBundleName extends BitstreamFilter {

-	protected String bundleName;
-	
-	public BitstreamFilterByBundleName()
-	{
-		//empty
-	}
+    protected String bundleName;
+
+    public BitstreamFilterByBundleName() {
+        //empty
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * Filter bitstream based on bundle name found in properties file
+     *
+     * @param bitstream Bitstream
+     * @return whether bitstream is in bundle
+     * @throws BitstreamFilterException if filter error
+     */
+    @Override
+    public boolean accept(Bitstream bitstream)
+        throws BitstreamFilterException {
+        if (bundleName == null) {
+            bundleName = props.getProperty("bundle");
+            if (bundleName == null) {
+                throw new BitstreamFilterException("Property 'bundle' not found.");
+            }
+        }
+
+        try {
+            List<Bundle> bundles = bitstream.getBundles();
+            for (Bundle b : bundles) {
+                if (b.getName().equals(bundleName)) {
+                    return true;
+                }
+            }
+        } catch (SQLException e) {
+            throw new BitstreamFilterException(e);
+        }
+        return false;
+    }

-	/**
-	 *    Filter bitstream based on bundle name found in properties file
-	 *    
-	 *    @param bitstream
-	 *    @throws BitstreamFilterException
-	 *    @return whether bitstream is in bundle
-	 *    
-	 */
-	@Override
-	public boolean accept(Bitstream bitstream)
-	throws BitstreamFilterException
-	{
-		if (bundleName == null)
-		{
-			bundleName = props.getProperty("bundle");
-			if (bundleName == null)
-			{
-				throw new BitstreamFilterException("Property 'bundle' not found.");
-			}			
-		}
-		
-		try
-		{
-			List<Bundle> bundles = bitstream.getBundles();
-			for (Bundle b : bundles)
-			{
-                if (b.getName().equals(bundleName))
-				{
-					return true;
-				}
-			}		
-		}
-		catch(SQLException e)
-		{
-			throw new BitstreamFilterException(e);
-		}
-		return false;
-	}
-	
 }
--- a/dspace-api/src/main/java/org/dspace/app/itemupdate/BitstreamFilterByFilename.java
+++ b/dspace-api/src/main/java/org/dspace/app/itemupdate/BitstreamFilterByFilename.java
@@ -7,45 +7,43 @@
 */
 package org.dspace.app.itemupdate;

-import java.util.regex.*;
+import java.util.regex.Matcher;
+import java.util.regex.Pattern;

 import org.dspace.content.Bitstream;

 /**
 * BitstreamFilter implementation to filter by filename pattern
- *
 */
 public class BitstreamFilterByFilename extends BitstreamFilter {
-	
-	protected Pattern pattern;
-    protected String filenameRegex;
-	
-	public BitstreamFilterByFilename()
-	{
-		//empty
-	}

-	/**
-	 *   Tests bitstream by matching the regular expression in the 
-	 *   properties against the bitstream name
-	 * 
-	 *   @return whether bitstream name matches the regular expression
-	 */
-	@Override
-    public boolean accept(Bitstream bitstream) throws BitstreamFilterException
-	{		
-		if (filenameRegex == null)
-		{
-			filenameRegex = props.getProperty("filename");
-			if (filenameRegex == null)
-			{
-				throw new BitstreamFilterException("BitstreamFilter property 'filename' not found.");
-			}
-			pattern = Pattern.compile(filenameRegex);
-		}
-		
-		Matcher m = pattern.matcher(bitstream.getName());
-		return m.matches();
-	}	
- 
+    protected Pattern pattern;
+    protected String filenameRegex;
+
+    public BitstreamFilterByFilename() {
+        //empty
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * Tests bitstream by matching the regular expression in the
+     * properties against the bitstream name
+     *
+     * @param bitstream Bitstream
+     * @return whether bitstream name matches the regular expression
+     * @throws BitstreamFilterException if filter error
+     */
+    @Override
+    public boolean accept(Bitstream bitstream) throws BitstreamFilterException {
+        if (filenameRegex == null) {
+            filenameRegex = props.getProperty("filename");
+            if (filenameRegex == null) {
+                throw new BitstreamFilterException("BitstreamFilter property 'filename' not found.");
+            }
+            pattern = Pattern.compile(filenameRegex);
+        }
+
+        Matcher m = pattern.matcher(bitstream.getName());
+        return m.matches();
+    }
+
 }
--- a/dspace-api/src/main/java/org/dspace/app/itemupdate/BitstreamFilterException.java
+++ b/dspace-api/src/main/java/org/dspace/app/itemupdate/BitstreamFilterException.java
@@ -8,22 +8,27 @@
 package org.dspace.app.itemupdate;

 /**
- *    Exception class for BitstreamFilters
- *
+ * Exception class for BitstreamFilters
 */
-public class BitstreamFilterException extends Exception 
-{
-	
-	private static final long serialVersionUID = 1L;
-	
-	public BitstreamFilterException() {}
-	public BitstreamFilterException(String msg)
-	{
-		super(msg);
-	}
-	public BitstreamFilterException(Exception e)
-	{
-		super(e);
-	}
-	
+public class BitstreamFilterException extends Exception {
+
+    private static final long serialVersionUID = 1L;
+
+    public BitstreamFilterException() {
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * @param msg exception message
+     */
+    public BitstreamFilterException(String msg) {
+        super(msg);
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * @param e exception
+     */
+    public BitstreamFilterException(Exception e) {
+        super(e);
+    }
+
 }
--- a/dspace-api/src/main/java/org/dspace/app/itemupdate/ContentsEntry.java
+++ b/dspace-api/src/main/java/org/dspace/app/itemupdate/ContentsEntry.java
@@ -8,146 +8,124 @@
 package org.dspace.app.itemupdate;

 import java.text.ParseException;
-import java.util.regex.*;
+import java.util.regex.Matcher;
+import java.util.regex.Pattern;

 import org.dspace.core.Constants;

 /**
- *   Holds the elements of a line in the Contents Entry file
- * 
- *   Based on private methods in ItemImport
- *   
- *   Lacking a spec or full documentation for the file format, 
- *   it looks from the source code that the ordering or elements is not fixed
- * 
- *   e.g.:    
- *      48217870-MIT.pdf\tbundle: bundlename\tpermissions: -r 'MIT Users'\tdescription: Full printable version (MIT only)
- *      permissions: -[r|w] ['group name']
- *      description: <the description of the file>
- * 
+ * Holds the elements of a line in the Contents Entry file
 *
+ * Based on private methods in ItemImport
+ *
+ * Lacking a spec or full documentation for the file format,
+ * it looks from the source code that the ordering or elements is not fixed
+ *
+ * e.g.:
+ * {@code
+ * 48217870-MIT.pdf\tbundle: bundlename\tpermissions: -r 'MIT Users'\tdescription: Full printable version (MIT only)
+ * permissions: -[r|w] ['group name']
+ * description: <the description of the file>
+ * }
 */
-public class ContentsEntry 
-{
-	public static final String HDR_BUNDLE = "bundle:";
-	public static final String HDR_PERMISSIONS = "permissions:";
-	public static final String HDR_DESCRIPTION = "description:";
-		
-	public static final Pattern permissionsPattern = Pattern.compile("-([rw])\\s*'?([^']+)'?");
-	
-	final String filename;
-	final String bundlename;
-	final String permissionsGroupName;
-	final int permissionsActionId;
-	final String description;
-	
-	protected ContentsEntry(String filename,
-			             String bundlename,
-			             int permissionsActionId,
-			             String permissionsGroupName,
-			             String description)
-	{
-		this.filename = filename;
-		this.bundlename = bundlename;
-		this.permissionsActionId = permissionsActionId;
-		this.permissionsGroupName = permissionsGroupName;
-		this.description = description;
-	}
-	
-	/**
-	 *   Factory method parses a line from the Contents Entry file
-	 *   
-	 * @param line
-	 * @return the parsed ContentsEntry object 
-	 * @throws ParseException
-	 */
-	public static ContentsEntry parse(String line)
-	throws ParseException
-	{
-		String[] ar = line.split("\t");
-		ItemUpdate.pr("ce line split: " + ar.length);
-		
-		String[] arp = new String[4];
-		arp[0] = ar[0];   //bitstream name doesn't have header and is always first
-		
-		String groupName = null;
-		int actionId = -1;
+public class ContentsEntry {
+    public static final String HDR_BUNDLE = "bundle:";
+    public static final String HDR_PERMISSIONS = "permissions:";
+    public static final String HDR_DESCRIPTION = "description:";
+
+    public static final Pattern permissionsPattern = Pattern.compile("-([rw])\\s*'?([^']+)'?");
+
+    final String filename;
+    final String bundlename;
+    final String permissionsGroupName;
+    final int permissionsActionId;
+    final String description;
+
+    protected ContentsEntry(String filename,
+                            String bundlename,
+                            int permissionsActionId,
+                            String permissionsGroupName,
+                            String description) {
+        this.filename = filename;
+        this.bundlename = bundlename;
+        this.permissionsActionId = permissionsActionId;
+        this.permissionsGroupName = permissionsGroupName;
+        this.description = description;
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * Factory method parses a line from the Contents Entry file
+     *
+     * @param line line as string
+     * @return the parsed ContentsEntry object
+     * @throws ParseException if parse error
+     */
+    public static ContentsEntry parse(String line)
+        throws ParseException {
+        String[] ar = line.split("\t");
+        ItemUpdate.pr("ce line split: " + ar.length);
+
+        String[] arp = new String[4];
+        arp[0] = ar[0];   //bitstream name doesn't have header and is always first
+
+        String groupName = null;
+        int actionId = -1;
+
+        if (ar.length > 1) {
+            for (int i = 1; i < ar.length; i++) {
+                ItemUpdate.pr("ce " + i + " : " + ar[i]);
+                if (ar[i].startsWith(HDR_BUNDLE)) {
+                    arp[1] = ar[i].substring(HDR_BUNDLE.length()).trim();
+
+                } else if (ar[i].startsWith(HDR_PERMISSIONS)) {
+                    arp[2] = ar[i].substring(HDR_PERMISSIONS.length()).trim();
+
+                    // parse into actionId and group name
+
+                    Matcher m = permissionsPattern.matcher(arp[2]);
+                    if (m.matches()) {
+                        String action = m.group(1); //
+                        if (action.equals("r")) {
+                            actionId = Constants.READ;
+                        } else if (action.equals("w")) {
+                            actionId = Constants.WRITE;
+                        }
+
+                        groupName = m.group(2).trim();
+                    }
+
+                } else if (ar[i].startsWith(HDR_DESCRIPTION)) {
+                    arp[3] = ar[i].substring(HDR_DESCRIPTION.length()).trim();
+
+                } else {
+                    throw new ParseException("Unknown text in contents file: " + ar[i], 0);
+                }
+            }
+        }
+        return new ContentsEntry(arp[0], arp[1], actionId, groupName, arp[3]);
+    }
+
+    public String toString() {
+        StringBuilder sb = new StringBuilder(filename);
+        if (bundlename != null) {
+            sb.append(HDR_BUNDLE).append(" ").append(bundlename);
+        }
+
+        if (permissionsGroupName != null) {
+            sb.append(HDR_PERMISSIONS);
+            if (permissionsActionId == Constants.READ) {
+                sb.append(" -r ");
+            } else if (permissionsActionId == Constants.WRITE) {
+                sb.append(" -w ");
+            }
+            sb.append(permissionsGroupName);
+        }
+
+        if (description != null) {
+            sb.append(HDR_DESCRIPTION).append(" ").append(description);
+        }
+
+        return sb.toString();
+    }

-		if (ar.length > 1)
-		{
-			for (int i=1; i < ar.length; i++)
-			{
-				ItemUpdate.pr("ce " + i + " : " + ar[i]);
-				if (ar[i].startsWith(HDR_BUNDLE))
-				{
-					arp[1] = ar[i].substring(HDR_BUNDLE.length()).trim();
-					
-				}
-				else if (ar[i].startsWith(HDR_PERMISSIONS))
-				{
-					arp[2] = ar[i].substring(HDR_PERMISSIONS.length()).trim();
-					
-					// parse into actionId and group name
-					
-					Matcher m = permissionsPattern.matcher(arp[2]);
-					if (m.matches())
-					{
-						String action = m.group(1); //
-						if (action.equals("r"))
-						{
-							 actionId = Constants.READ;
-						}
-						else if (action.equals("w"))
-						{
-							 actionId = Constants.WRITE;
-						}
-						
-						groupName = m.group(2).trim();
-					}
-					
-				}
-				else if (ar[i].startsWith(HDR_DESCRIPTION))
-				{
-					arp[3] = ar[i].substring(HDR_DESCRIPTION.length()).trim();
-					
-				}
-				else
-				{
-					throw new ParseException("Unknown text in contents file: " + ar[i], 0);				
-				}			
-			}
-		}
-		return new ContentsEntry(arp[0], arp[1], actionId, groupName, arp[3]);
-	}
-	
-	public String toString()
-	{
-		StringBuilder sb = new StringBuilder(filename);
-		if (bundlename != null)
-		{
-			sb.append(HDR_BUNDLE).append(" ").append(bundlename);
-		}
-		
-		if (permissionsGroupName != null)
-		{
-			sb.append(HDR_PERMISSIONS);
-			if (permissionsActionId == Constants.READ)
-			{
-				sb.append(" -r ");
-			}
-			else if (permissionsActionId == Constants.WRITE)
-			{
-				sb.append(" -w ");
-			}
-			sb.append(permissionsGroupName);
-		}
-		
-		if (description != null)
-		{
-			sb.append(HDR_DESCRIPTION).append(" ").append(description);
-		}		
-		
-		return sb.toString();
-	}
-	
 }
--- a/dspace-api/src/main/java/org/dspace/app/itemupdate/DeleteBitstreamsAction.java
+++ b/dspace-api/src/main/java/org/dspace/app/itemupdate/DeleteBitstreamsAction.java
@@ -14,99 +14,81 @@ import java.text.ParseException;
 import java.util.List;

 import org.dspace.authorize.AuthorizeException;
-import org.dspace.content.*;
+import org.dspace.content.Bitstream;
+import org.dspace.content.Bundle;
+import org.dspace.content.DCDate;
+import org.dspace.content.Item;
 import org.dspace.core.Context;

 /**
- * 	  Action to delete bitstreams	
- * 
- * 	  Undo not supported for this UpdateAction
- * 
- *    Derivatives of the bitstream to be deleted are not also deleted 
+ * Action to delete bitstreams
 *
+ * Undo not supported for this UpdateAction
+ *
+ * Derivatives of the bitstream to be deleted are not also deleted
 */
-public class DeleteBitstreamsAction extends UpdateBitstreamsAction 
-{
-	/**
-	 *   Delete bitstream from item
-	 * 
-	 *  @param context
-	 *  @param itarch
-	 *  @param isTest
-	 *  @param suppressUndo
-	 *  @throws IllegalArgumentException
-	 *  @throws ParseException
-	 *  @throws IOException
-	 *  @throws AuthorizeException
-	 *  @throws SQLException
-	 */
-	@Override
+public class DeleteBitstreamsAction extends UpdateBitstreamsAction {
+    /**
+     * Delete bitstream from item
+     *
+     * @param context      DSpace Context
+     * @param itarch       item archive
+     * @param isTest       test flag
+     * @param suppressUndo undo flag
+     * @throws IOException              if IO error
+     * @throws IllegalArgumentException if arg exception
+     * @throws SQLException             if database error
+     * @throws AuthorizeException       if authorization error
+     * @throws ParseException           if parse error
+     */
+    @Override
    public void execute(Context context, ItemArchive itarch, boolean isTest,
-            boolean suppressUndo) throws IllegalArgumentException, IOException,
-            SQLException, AuthorizeException, ParseException 
-	{
-		File f = new File(itarch.getDirectory(), ItemUpdate.DELETE_CONTENTS_FILE);
-		if (!f.exists())
-		{
-			ItemUpdate.pr("Warning: Delete_contents file for item " + itarch.getDirectoryName() + " not found.");
-		}
-		else
-		{
-			List<String> list = MetadataUtilities.readDeleteContentsFile(f);
-			if (list.isEmpty())
-			{
-				ItemUpdate.pr("Warning: empty delete_contents file for item " + itarch.getDirectoryName() );
-			}
-			else
-			{
-				for (String id : list)
-				{
-					try
-					{
-			    		Bitstream bs = bitstreamService.findByIdOrLegacyId(context, id);
-			    		if (bs == null)
-			    		{
-			    			ItemUpdate.pr("Bitstream not found by id: " + id);
-			    		}
-			    		else
-			    		{
-				    		List<Bundle> bundles = bs.getBundles();
-				    		for (Bundle b : bundles)
-				    		{
-                                if (isTest)
-				    			{
-					    			ItemUpdate.pr("Delete bitstream with id = " + id);
-				    			}
-				    			else
-				    			{
-				    				bundleService.removeBitstream(context, b, bs);
-					    			ItemUpdate.pr("Deleted bitstream with id = " + id);
-					    			
-				    			}
-				    		}	
-			    		
-				            if (alterProvenance)
-				            {
-				            	DtoMetadata dtom = DtoMetadata.create("dc.description.provenance", "en", "");
-				            	
-				            	String append = "Bitstream " + bs.getName() + " deleted on " + DCDate.getCurrent() + "; ";
-				            	Item item = bundles.iterator().next().getItems().iterator().next();
-					    		ItemUpdate.pr("Append provenance with: " + append);
-					    		
-					    		if (!isTest)
-					    		{
-					    			MetadataUtilities.appendMetadata(context, item, dtom, false, append);
-					    		}
-				            }
-			    		}	
-					}
-					catch(SQLException e)
-					{
-						ItemUpdate.pr("Error finding bitstream from id: " + id + " : " + e.toString());
-					}
-				}
-			}
-		}
-	}
+                        boolean suppressUndo) throws IllegalArgumentException, IOException,
+        SQLException, AuthorizeException, ParseException {
+        File f = new File(itarch.getDirectory(), ItemUpdate.DELETE_CONTENTS_FILE);
+        if (!f.exists()) {
+            ItemUpdate.pr("Warning: Delete_contents file for item " + itarch.getDirectoryName() + " not found.");
+        } else {
+            List<String> list = MetadataUtilities.readDeleteContentsFile(f);
+            if (list.isEmpty()) {
+                ItemUpdate.pr("Warning: empty delete_contents file for item " + itarch.getDirectoryName());
+            } else {
+                for (String id : list) {
+                    try {
+                        Bitstream bs = bitstreamService.findByIdOrLegacyId(context, id);
+                        if (bs == null) {
+                            ItemUpdate.pr("Bitstream not found by id: " + id);
+                        } else {
+                            List<Bundle> bundles = bs.getBundles();
+                            for (Bundle b : bundles) {
+                                if (isTest) {
+                                    ItemUpdate.pr("Delete bitstream with id = " + id);
+                                } else {
+                                    bundleService.removeBitstream(context, b, bs);
+                                    ItemUpdate.pr("Deleted bitstream with id = " + id);
+
+                                }
+                            }
+
+                            if (alterProvenance) {
+                                DtoMetadata dtom = DtoMetadata.create("dc.description.provenance", "en", "");
+
+                                String append = "Bitstream " + bs.getName() + " deleted on " + DCDate
+                                    .getCurrent() + "; ";
+                                Item item = bundles.iterator().next().getItems().iterator().next();
+                                ItemUpdate.pr("Append provenance with: " + append);
+
+                                if (!isTest) {
+                                    MetadataUtilities.appendMetadata(context, item, dtom, false, append);
+                                }
+                            }
+                        }
+                    } catch (SQLException e) {
+                        ItemUpdate.pr("Error finding bitstream from id: " + id + " : " + e.toString());
+                    }
+                }
+            }
+        }
+    }

 }
--- a/dspace-api/src/main/java/org/dspace/app/itemupdate/DeleteBitstreamsByFilterAction.java
+++ b/dspace-api/src/main/java/org/dspace/app/itemupdate/DeleteBitstreamsByFilterAction.java
@@ -14,115 +14,104 @@ import java.util.ArrayList;
 import java.util.List;

 import org.dspace.authorize.AuthorizeException;
-import org.dspace.content.*;
+import org.dspace.content.Bitstream;
+import org.dspace.content.Bundle;
+import org.dspace.content.DCDate;
+import org.dspace.content.Item;
 import org.dspace.core.Context;

 /**
- * 		Action to delete bitstreams using a specified filter implementing BitstreamFilter
- *      Derivatives for the target bitstreams are not deleted.
- * 
- *      The dc.description.provenance field is amended to reflect the deletions
- *      
- *      Note:  Multiple filters are impractical if trying to manage multiple properties files
- *      in a commandline environment
- * 
+ * Action to delete bitstreams using a specified filter implementing BitstreamFilter
+ * Derivatives for the target bitstreams are not deleted.
 *
+ * The dc.description.provenance field is amended to reflect the deletions
+ *
+ * Note:  Multiple filters are impractical if trying to manage multiple properties files
+ * in a commandline environment
 */
 public class DeleteBitstreamsByFilterAction extends UpdateBitstreamsAction {

-	protected BitstreamFilter filter;
-	
-	/**
-	 *   Set filter
-	 *   
-	 * @param filter
-	 */
-	public void setBitstreamFilter(BitstreamFilter filter)
-	{
-		this.filter = filter;
-	}
-	
-	/**
-	 *   Get filter
-	 * @return filter 
-	 */
-	public BitstreamFilter getBitstreamFilter()
-	{
-		return filter;
-	}
-	
-	/**
-	 * 	 Delete bitstream
-	 * 
-	 *  @param context
-	 *  @param itarch
-	 *  @param isTest
-	 *  @param suppressUndo
-	 *  @throws IllegalArgumentException
-	 *  @throws ParseException
-	 *  @throws IOException
-	 *  @throws AuthorizeException
-	 *  @throws SQLException
-	 */
-	@Override
-    public void execute(Context context, ItemArchive itarch, boolean isTest,
-            boolean suppressUndo) throws AuthorizeException,
-            BitstreamFilterException, IOException, ParseException, SQLException 
-	{
-		
-		List<String> deleted = new ArrayList<String>();
-		
-		Item item = itarch.getItem();
-		List<Bundle> bundles = item.getBundles();
-		
-		for (Bundle b : bundles)    
-		{
-			List<Bitstream> bitstreams = b.getBitstreams();
-			String bundleName = b.getName();
+    protected BitstreamFilter filter;

-			for (Bitstream bs : bitstreams)
-			{
-                if (filter.accept(bs))
-				{
-	    			if (isTest)
-	    			{
-		    			ItemUpdate.pr("Delete from bundle " + bundleName + " bitstream " + bs.getName() 
-		    					+ " with id = " + bs.getID());
-	    			}
-	    			else
-	    			{	    					    				
-	    				//provenance is not maintained for derivative bitstreams
-	    				if (!bundleName.equals("THUMBNAIL") && !bundleName.equals("TEXT"))
-	    				{
-	    					deleted.add(bs.getName());
-	    				}
-	    				bundleService.removeBitstream(context, b, bs);
-		    			ItemUpdate.pr("Deleted " + bundleName + " bitstream " + bs.getName() 
-		    					+ " with id = " + bs.getID());		    			
-	    			}
-				}
-			}			
-		}
-		
-        if (alterProvenance && !deleted.isEmpty())
-        {     	
-    		StringBuilder sb = new StringBuilder("  Bitstreams deleted on "); 	
-    		sb.append(DCDate.getCurrent()).append(": ");
-    		
-    		for (String s : deleted)
-    		{
-            	sb.append(s).append(", ");
-    		}
-    		        	
-        	DtoMetadata dtom = DtoMetadata.create("dc.description.provenance", "en", "");
-        	
-    		ItemUpdate.pr("Append provenance with: " + sb.toString());
-    		
-    		if (!isTest)
-    		{
-    			MetadataUtilities.appendMetadata(context, item, dtom, false, sb.toString());
-    		}
+    /**
+     * Set filter
+     *
+     * @param filter BitstreamFilter
+     */
+    public void setBitstreamFilter(BitstreamFilter filter) {
+        this.filter = filter;
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * Get filter
+     *
+     * @return filter
+     */
+    public BitstreamFilter getBitstreamFilter() {
+        return filter;
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * Delete bitstream
+     *
+     * @param context      DSpace Context
+     * @param itarch       item archive
+     * @param isTest       test flag
+     * @param suppressUndo undo flag
+     * @throws IOException              if IO error
+     * @throws SQLException             if database error
+     * @throws AuthorizeException       if authorization error
+     * @throws ParseException           if parse error
+     * @throws BitstreamFilterException if filter error
+     */
+    @Override
+    public void execute(Context context, ItemArchive itarch, boolean isTest,
+                        boolean suppressUndo) throws AuthorizeException,
+        BitstreamFilterException, IOException, ParseException, SQLException {
+
+        List<String> deleted = new ArrayList<String>();
+
+        Item item = itarch.getItem();
+        List<Bundle> bundles = item.getBundles();
+
+        for (Bundle b : bundles) {
+            List<Bitstream> bitstreams = b.getBitstreams();
+            String bundleName = b.getName();
+
+            for (Bitstream bs : bitstreams) {
+                if (filter.accept(bs)) {
+                    if (isTest) {
+                        ItemUpdate.pr("Delete from bundle " + bundleName + " bitstream " + bs.getName()
+                                          + " with id = " + bs.getID());
+                    } else {
+                        //provenance is not maintained for derivative bitstreams
+                        if (!bundleName.equals("THUMBNAIL") && !bundleName.equals("TEXT")) {
+                            deleted.add(bs.getName());
+                        }
+                        bundleService.removeBitstream(context, b, bs);
+                        ItemUpdate.pr("Deleted " + bundleName + " bitstream " + bs.getName()
+                                          + " with id = " + bs.getID());
+                    }
+                }
+            }
        }
-	}
-	
+
+        if (alterProvenance && !deleted.isEmpty()) {
+            StringBuilder sb = new StringBuilder("  Bitstreams deleted on ");
+            sb.append(DCDate.getCurrent()).append(": ");
+
+            for (String s : deleted) {
+                sb.append(s).append(", ");
+            }
+
+            DtoMetadata dtom = DtoMetadata.create("dc.description.provenance", "en", "");
+
+            ItemUpdate.pr("Append provenance with: " + sb.toString());
+
+            if (!isTest) {
+                MetadataUtilities.appendMetadata(context, item, dtom, false, sb.toString());
+            }
+        }
+    }
+
 }
--- a/dspace-api/src/main/java/org/dspace/app/itemupdate/DeleteMetadataAction.java
+++ b/dspace-api/src/main/java/org/dspace/app/itemupdate/DeleteMetadataAction.java
@@ -12,59 +12,54 @@ import java.text.ParseException;
 import java.util.List;

 import org.dspace.authorize.AuthorizeException;
+import org.dspace.content.Item;
 import org.dspace.content.MetadataField;
 import org.dspace.content.MetadataSchema;
 import org.dspace.content.MetadataValue;
-import org.dspace.content.Item;
 import org.dspace.core.Context;

 /**
- *    Action to delete metadata 
- * 
- *
+ * Action to delete metadata
 */
 public class DeleteMetadataAction extends UpdateMetadataAction {

-	/**
-	 *   Delete metadata from item
-	 * 
-	 *  @param context
-	 *  @param itarch
-	 *  @param isTest
-	 *  @param suppressUndo
-	 *  @throws ParseException
-	 *  @throws AuthorizeException
-	 */
-	@Override
+    /**
+     * Delete metadata from item
+     *
+     * @param context      DSpace Context
+     * @param itarch       Item Archive
+     * @param isTest       test flag
+     * @param suppressUndo undo flag
+     * @throws SQLException       if database error
+     * @throws AuthorizeException if authorization error
+     * @throws ParseException     if parse error
+     */
+    @Override
    public void execute(Context context, ItemArchive itarch, boolean isTest,
-            boolean suppressUndo) throws AuthorizeException, ParseException, SQLException {
-		Item item = itarch.getItem();
-		for (String f : targetFields)
-		{
-			DtoMetadata dummy = DtoMetadata.create(f, Item.ANY, "");
-			List<MetadataValue> ardcv = itemService.getMetadataByMetadataString(item, f);
+                        boolean suppressUndo) throws AuthorizeException, ParseException, SQLException {
+        Item item = itarch.getItem();
+        for (String f : targetFields) {
+            DtoMetadata dummy = DtoMetadata.create(f, Item.ANY, "");
+            List<MetadataValue> ardcv = itemService.getMetadataByMetadataString(item, f);

-			ItemUpdate.pr("Metadata to be deleted: ");
-			for (MetadataValue dcv : ardcv)
-			{
-				ItemUpdate.pr("  " + MetadataUtilities.getDCValueString(dcv));
-			}
+            ItemUpdate.pr("Metadata to be deleted: ");
+            for (MetadataValue dcv : ardcv) {
+                ItemUpdate.pr("  " + MetadataUtilities.getDCValueString(dcv));
+            }

-			if (!isTest)
-			{
-				if (!suppressUndo)
-				{
-					for (MetadataValue dcv : ardcv)
-					{
+            if (!isTest) {
+                if (!suppressUndo) {
+                    for (MetadataValue dcv : ardcv) {
                        MetadataField metadataField = dcv.getMetadataField();
                        MetadataSchema metadataSchema = metadataField.getMetadataSchema();
-                        itarch.addUndoMetadataField(DtoMetadata.create(metadataSchema.getName(), metadataField.getElement(),
-                                metadataField.getQualifier(), dcv.getLanguage(), dcv.getValue()));
-					}
-				}
-				
+                        itarch.addUndoMetadataField(
+                            DtoMetadata.create(metadataSchema.getName(), metadataField.getElement(),
+                                               metadataField.getQualifier(), dcv.getLanguage(), dcv.getValue()));
+                    }
+                }
+
                itemService.clearMetadata(context, item, dummy.schema, dummy.element, dummy.qualifier, Item.ANY);
-			}
-		}
-	}
+            }
+        }
+    }
 }
--- a/dspace-api/src/main/java/org/dspace/app/itemupdate/DerivativeTextBitstreamFilter.java
+++ b/dspace-api/src/main/java/org/dspace/app/itemupdate/DerivativeTextBitstreamFilter.java
@@ -10,15 +10,13 @@ package org.dspace.app.itemupdate;
 import java.util.Properties;

 /**
- *   Bitstream filter to delete from TEXT bundle
- *
+ * Bitstream filter to delete from TEXT bundle
 */
 public class DerivativeTextBitstreamFilter extends BitstreamFilterByBundleName {
-	
-	public DerivativeTextBitstreamFilter()
-	{
-		props = new Properties();
-		props.setProperty("bundle", "TEXT");
-	}
+
+    public DerivativeTextBitstreamFilter() {
+        props = new Properties();
+        props.setProperty("bundle", "TEXT");
+    }

 }
--- a/dspace-api/src/main/java/org/dspace/app/itemupdate/DtoMetadata.java
+++ b/dspace-api/src/main/java/org/dspace/app/itemupdate/DtoMetadata.java
@@ -8,149 +8,131 @@
 package org.dspace.app.itemupdate;

 import java.text.ParseException;
+
 import org.dspace.content.Item;

 /**
- *   A data transfer object class enhancement of org.dspace.content.DCValue, which is deprecated
- *   Name intended to not conflict with DSpace API classes for similar concepts but not usable in this context
- *   
- *   Adds some utility methods
- *   
- *   Really not at all general enough but supports Dublin Core and the compound form notation <schema>.<element>[.<qualifier>]
- *   
- *   Does not support wildcard for qualifier
- * 
+ * A data transfer object class enhancement of org.dspace.content.DCValue, which is deprecated
+ * Name intended to not conflict with DSpace API classes for similar concepts but not usable in this context
 *
+ * Adds some utility methods
+ *
+ * Really not at all general enough but supports Dublin Core and the compound form notation {@code <schema>
+ * .<element>[.<qualifier>]}
+ *
+ * Does not support wildcard for qualifier
 */
-class DtoMetadata 
-{
-	final String schema;   
-	final String element;
-	final String qualifier;
-	final String language;
-	final String value;
-	
-	protected DtoMetadata(String schema, String element, String qualifier, String language, String value)
-	{
-		this.schema = schema;
-		this.element = element;
-		this.qualifier = qualifier;
-		this.language = language;
-		this.value = value;
-	}
-	
-	/**
-	 *  Factory method
-	 *  
-	 *  
-	 * @param schema     not null, not empty -  'dc' is the standard case
-	 * @param element    not null, not empty
-	 * @param qualifier  null; don't allow empty string or * indicating 'any'
-	 * @param language   null or empty
-	 * @param value      
-	 * @return DtoMetadata object
-	 */
-	public static DtoMetadata create(String schema,
-			    String element,
-			    String qualifier,
-			    String language,
-			    String value)
-	throws IllegalArgumentException
-    {
-		if ((qualifier != null) &&  (qualifier.equals(Item.ANY) || qualifier.equals("")))
-		{
-			throw new IllegalArgumentException("Invalid qualifier: " + qualifier);
-		}
-		return new DtoMetadata(schema, element, qualifier, language, value);
+class DtoMetadata {
+    final String schema;
+    final String element;
+    final String qualifier;
+    final String language;
+    final String value;
+
+    protected DtoMetadata(String schema, String element, String qualifier, String language, String value) {
+        this.schema = schema;
+        this.element = element;
+        this.qualifier = qualifier;
+        this.language = language;
+        this.value = value;
    }

-	/**
-	 *   Factory method to create metadata object
-	 *   
-	 * 
-	 * @param compoundForm   of the form <schema>.<element>[.<qualifier>]
-	 * @param language   null or empty
-	 * @param value      
-	 */
-	public static DtoMetadata create(String compoundForm, String language, String value)
-	throws ParseException, IllegalArgumentException  
-    {
-		String[] ar = MetadataUtilities.parseCompoundForm(compoundForm);
-		
-		String qual = null;
-		if (ar.length > 2)
-		{
-    		qual = ar[2];
-		}
-		
-		return create(ar[0], ar[1], qual, language, value);
+    /**
+     * Factory method
+     *
+     * @param schema    not null, not empty -  'dc' is the standard case
+     * @param element   not null, not empty
+     * @param qualifier null; don't allow empty string or * indicating 'any'
+     * @param language  null or empty
+     * @param value     value
+     * @return DtoMetadata object
+     * @throws IllegalArgumentException if arg error
+     */
+    public static DtoMetadata create(String schema,
+                                     String element,
+                                     String qualifier,
+                                     String language,
+                                     String value)
+        throws IllegalArgumentException {
+        if ((qualifier != null) && (qualifier.equals(Item.ANY) || qualifier.equals(""))) {
+            throw new IllegalArgumentException("Invalid qualifier: " + qualifier);
+        }
+        return new DtoMetadata(schema, element, qualifier, language, value);
    }

-	/**
-	 *   Determine if this metadata field matches the specified type:
-	 *    schema.element or schema.element.qualifier
-	 *    
-	 * 
-	 * @param compoundForm   of the form <schema>.<element>[.<qualifier>|.*]
-	 * @param wildcard       allow wildcards in compoundForm param
-	 * @return whether matches
-	 */
-	public boolean matches(String compoundForm, boolean wildcard)
-	{
-		String[] ar = compoundForm.split("\\s*\\.\\s*"); //MetadataUtilities.parseCompoundForm(compoundForm);
-		
-		if ((ar.length < 2) || (ar.length > 3))
-		{
-			return false;
-		}
-		
-		if (!this.schema.equals(ar[0]) || !this.element.equals(ar[1]))
-		{
-			return false;
-		}
-		
-		if (ar.length == 2)
-		{
-			if (this.qualifier != null)
-			{
-				return false;
-			}
-		}
-		
-		if (ar.length == 3)	
-		{
-			if (this.qualifier == null)
-			{
-				return false;
-			}
-			if (wildcard && ar[2].equals(Item.ANY))
-			{
-				return true;
-			}
-			if (!this.qualifier.equals(ar[2]))
-			{
-				return false;
-			}
-		}
-		return true;		
-	}
-	
-	public String toString()
-	{
-		String s =  "\tSchema: " + schema + " Element: " + element;
-		if (qualifier != null)
-		{
-			s+= " Qualifier: " + qualifier;
-		}
-		s+= " Language: " + ((language == null) ? "[null]" : language);
+    /**
+     * Factory method to create metadata object
+     *
+     * @param compoundForm of the form <schema>.<element>[.<qualifier>]
+     * @param language     null or empty
+     * @param value        value
+     * @throws ParseException           if parse error
+     * @throws IllegalArgumentException if arg error
+     */
+    public static DtoMetadata create(String compoundForm, String language, String value)
+        throws ParseException, IllegalArgumentException {
+        String[] ar = MetadataUtilities.parseCompoundForm(compoundForm);
+
+        String qual = null;
+        if (ar.length > 2) {
+            qual = ar[2];
+        }
+
+        return create(ar[0], ar[1], qual, language, value);
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * Determine if this metadata field matches the specified type:
+     * schema.element or schema.element.qualifier
+     *
+     * @param compoundForm of the form <schema>.<element>[.<qualifier>|.*]
+     * @param wildcard     allow wildcards in compoundForm param
+     * @return whether matches
+     */
+    public boolean matches(String compoundForm, boolean wildcard) {
+        String[] ar = compoundForm.split("\\s*\\.\\s*"); //MetadataUtilities.parseCompoundForm(compoundForm);
+
+        if ((ar.length < 2) || (ar.length > 3)) {
+            return false;
+        }
+
+        if (!this.schema.equals(ar[0]) || !this.element.equals(ar[1])) {
+            return false;
+        }
+
+        if (ar.length == 2) {
+            if (this.qualifier != null) {
+                return false;
+            }
+        }
+
+        if (ar.length == 3) {
+            if (this.qualifier == null) {
+                return false;
+            }
+            if (wildcard && ar[2].equals(Item.ANY)) {
+                return true;
+            }
+            if (!this.qualifier.equals(ar[2])) {
+                return false;
+            }
+        }
+        return true;
+    }
+
+    public String toString() {
+        String s = "\tSchema: " + schema + " Element: " + element;
+        if (qualifier != null) {
+            s += " Qualifier: " + qualifier;
+        }
+        s += " Language: " + ((language == null) ? "[null]" : language);
        s += " Value: " + value;
-        
+
        return s;
-	}
-	
-	public String getValue()
-	{
-		return value;
-	}
-		
+    }
+
+    public String getValue() {
+        return value;
+    }
+
 }
--- a/dspace-api/src/main/java/org/dspace/app/itemupdate/ItemArchive.java
+++ b/dspace-api/src/main/java/org/dspace/app/itemupdate/ItemArchive.java
@@ -10,11 +10,11 @@ package org.dspace.app.itemupdate;
 import java.io.BufferedWriter;
 import java.io.File;
 import java.io.FileInputStream;
-import java.io.FileWriter;
 import java.io.FileNotFoundException;
 import java.io.FileOutputStream;
-import java.io.InputStream;
+import java.io.FileWriter;
 import java.io.IOException;
+import java.io.InputStream;
 import java.io.OutputStream;
 import java.io.PrintWriter;
 import java.sql.SQLException;
@@ -22,36 +22,34 @@ import java.util.ArrayList;
 import java.util.Iterator;
 import java.util.List;
 import java.util.UUID;
-
 import javax.xml.parsers.DocumentBuilder;
 import javax.xml.parsers.DocumentBuilderFactory;
 import javax.xml.parsers.ParserConfigurationException;
 import javax.xml.transform.Transformer;
+import javax.xml.transform.TransformerConfigurationException;
 import javax.xml.transform.TransformerException;
 import javax.xml.transform.TransformerFactory;
-import javax.xml.transform.TransformerConfigurationException;

 import org.apache.log4j.Logger;
+import org.dspace.app.util.LocalSchemaFilenameFilter;
 import org.dspace.authorize.AuthorizeException;
 import org.dspace.content.DSpaceObject;
 import org.dspace.content.Item;
 import org.dspace.content.factory.ContentServiceFactory;
 import org.dspace.content.service.ItemService;
 import org.dspace.core.Context;
-
 import org.dspace.handle.factory.HandleServiceFactory;
 import org.dspace.handle.service.HandleService;
 import org.w3c.dom.Document;


 /**
- *   Encapsulates the Item in the context of the DSpace Archive Format
- *
+ * Encapsulates the Item in the context of the DSpace Archive Format
 */
 public class ItemArchive {
-    private static final Logger log = Logger.getLogger(ItemArchive.class); 
+    private static final Logger log = Logger.getLogger(ItemArchive.class);

-	public static final String DUBLIN_CORE_XML = "dublin_core.xml";
+    public static final String DUBLIN_CORE_XML = "dublin_core.xml";

    protected static DocumentBuilder builder = null;
    protected Transformer transformer = null;
@@ -68,287 +66,278 @@ public class ItemArchive {
    protected HandleService handleService;
    protected ItemService itemService;

-//constructors
-    protected ItemArchive()
-	{
+    //constructors
+    protected ItemArchive() {
        handleService = HandleServiceFactory.getInstance().getHandleService();
        itemService = ContentServiceFactory.getInstance().getItemService();
-	}
-	
-/** factory method
- * 
- * 	Minimal requirements for dublin_core.xml for this application
- *  is the presence of dc.identifier.uri
- *  which must contain the handle for the item
- *  
- *  @param context - The DSpace context
- *  @param dir     - The directory File in the source archive
- *  @param itemField - The metadata field in which the Item identifier is located
- *                     if null, the default is the handle in the dc.identifier.uri field
- * 
- */
-	public static ItemArchive create(Context context, File dir, String itemField)
-	throws Exception
-	{
-		ItemArchive itarch = new ItemArchive(); 
-		itarch.dir = dir;
-		itarch.dirname = dir.getName();
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * factory method
+     *
+     * Minimal requirements for dublin_core.xml for this application
+     * is the presence of dc.identifier.uri
+     * which must contain the handle for the item
+     *
+     * @param context   - The DSpace context
+     * @param dir       - The directory File in the source archive
+     * @param itemField - The metadata field in which the Item identifier is located
+     *                  if null, the default is the handle in the dc.identifier.uri field
+     * @return ItemArchive object
+     * @throws Exception if error
+     */
+    public static ItemArchive create(Context context, File dir, String itemField)
+        throws Exception {
+        ItemArchive itarch = new ItemArchive();
+        itarch.dir = dir;
+        itarch.dirname = dir.getName();
        InputStream is = null;
-        try
-        {
+        try {
            is = new FileInputStream(new File(dir, DUBLIN_CORE_XML));
            itarch.dtomList = MetadataUtilities.loadDublinCore(getDocumentBuilder(), is);
-        }
-        finally
-        {
-            if (is != null)
-            {
+
+            //The code to search for local schema files was copied from org.dspace.app.itemimport
+            // .ItemImportServiceImpl.java
+            File file[] = dir.listFiles(new LocalSchemaFilenameFilter());
+            for (int i = 0; i < file.length; i++) {
+                is = new FileInputStream(file[i]);
+                itarch.dtomList.addAll(MetadataUtilities.loadDublinCore(getDocumentBuilder(), is));
+            }
+        } finally {
+            if (is != null) {
                is.close();
            }
        }
-		ItemUpdate.pr("Loaded metadata with " + itarch.dtomList.size() + " fields");
-		
-		if (itemField == null)
-		{
-			itarch.item = itarch.itemFromHandleInput(context);  // sets the item instance var and seeds the undo list
-		}
-		else
-		{
-			itarch.item = itarch.itemFromMetadataField(context, itemField);  			
-		}
-		
-		if (itarch.item == null)
-		{
-			throw new Exception("Item not instantiated: " + itarch.dirname);
-		}
-		
-		ItemUpdate.prv("item instantiated: " + itarch.item.getHandle());
+        ItemUpdate.pr("Loaded metadata with " + itarch.dtomList.size() + " fields");

-		return itarch;
-	}
-		
-	protected static DocumentBuilder getDocumentBuilder()
-	throws ParserConfigurationException
-	{
-		if (builder == null)
-		{
-		    builder = DocumentBuilderFactory.newInstance().newDocumentBuilder();
-		}
-		return builder;
-	}
+        if (itemField == null) {
+            itarch.item = itarch.itemFromHandleInput(context);  // sets the item instance var and seeds the undo list
+        } else {
+            itarch.item = itarch.itemFromMetadataField(context, itemField);
+        }

-    protected Transformer getTransformer()
-	throws TransformerConfigurationException
-	{
-		if (transformer == null)
-		{
-		    transformer = TransformerFactory.newInstance().newTransformer();
-		}
-		return transformer;
-	}
+        if (itarch.item == null) {
+            throw new Exception("Item not instantiated: " + itarch.dirname);
+        }
+
+        ItemUpdate.prv("item instantiated: " + itarch.item.getHandle());
+
+        return itarch;
+    }
+
+    protected static DocumentBuilder getDocumentBuilder()
+        throws ParserConfigurationException {
+        if (builder == null) {
+            builder = DocumentBuilderFactory.newInstance().newDocumentBuilder();
+        }
+        return builder;
+    }

-	/**
-	 *   Getter for the DSpace item referenced in the archive
-	 * @return DSpace item 
-	 */
-	public Item getItem()
-	{
-		return item;
-	}
-	
-	/**
-	 *   Getter for directory in archive on disk
-	 * @return directory in archive
-	 */
-	public File getDirectory()
-	{
-		return dir;
-	}
-	
-	/**
-	 *   Getter for directory name in archive
-	 * @return directory name in archive
-	 */
-	public String getDirectoryName()
-	{
-		return dirname;
-	}
-	
-	/**
-	 *   Add metadata field to undo list
-	 * @param dtom
-	 */
-	public void addUndoMetadataField(DtoMetadata dtom)
-	{
-		this.undoDtomList.add(dtom);
-	}
-	
-	/**
-	 *    Getter for list of metadata fields 
-	 * @return list of metadata fields
-	 */
-	public List<DtoMetadata> getMetadataFields()
-	{
-		return dtomList;
-	}
-	
-	/**
-	 *   Add bitstream id to delete contents file
-	 * @param bitstreamId
-	 */
-	public void addUndoDeleteContents(UUID bitstreamId)
-	{
-		this.undoAddContents.add(bitstreamId);
-	}
-	
-	
    /**
-	 *   Obtain item from DSpace based on handle
-     *   This is the default implementation
-     *   that uses the dc.identifier.uri metadatafield 
-     *   that contains the item handle as its value  
-     *   
+     * Getter for Transformer
+     *
+     * @return Transformer
+     * @throws TransformerConfigurationException if config error
+     */
+    protected Transformer getTransformer()
+        throws TransformerConfigurationException {
+        if (transformer == null) {
+            transformer = TransformerFactory.newInstance().newTransformer();
+        }
+        return transformer;
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * Getter for the DSpace item referenced in the archive
+     *
+     * @return DSpace item
+     */
+    public Item getItem() {
+        return item;
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * Getter for directory in archive on disk
+     *
+     * @return directory in archive
+     */
+    public File getDirectory() {
+        return dir;
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * Getter for directory name in archive
+     *
+     * @return directory name in archive
+     */
+    public String getDirectoryName() {
+        return dirname;
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * Add metadata field to undo list
+     *
+     * @param dtom DtoMetadata (represents metadata field)
+     */
+    public void addUndoMetadataField(DtoMetadata dtom) {
+        this.undoDtomList.add(dtom);
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * Getter for list of metadata fields
+     *
+     * @return list of metadata fields
+     */
+    public List<DtoMetadata> getMetadataFields() {
+        return dtomList;
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * Add bitstream id to delete contents file
+     *
+     * @param bitstreamId bitstream ID
+     */
+    public void addUndoDeleteContents(UUID bitstreamId) {
+        this.undoAddContents.add(bitstreamId);
+    }
+
+
+    /**
+     * Obtain item from DSpace based on handle
+     * This is the default implementation
+     * that uses the dc.identifier.uri metadatafield
+     * that contains the item handle as its value
+     *
+     * @param context DSpace Context
+     * @throws SQLException if database error
+     * @throws Exception    if error
     */
    private Item itemFromHandleInput(Context context)
-    throws SQLException, Exception
-    {
-    	DtoMetadata dtom = getMetadataField("dc.identifier.uri");
-    	if (dtom == null)
-    	{
-    		throw new Exception("No dc.identier.uri field found for handle"); 
-    	}
-    	
-    	this.addUndoMetadataField(dtom);  //seed the undo list with the uri
-    	
-		String uri = dtom.value;
-		
-    	if (!uri.startsWith(ItemUpdate.HANDLE_PREFIX))
-    	{
-    		throw new Exception("dc.identifier.uri for item " + uri 
-    				+ " does not begin with prefix: " + ItemUpdate.HANDLE_PREFIX);
-    	}
-    	
-    	String handle = uri.substring(ItemUpdate.HANDLE_PREFIX.length());
-    		
-		DSpaceObject dso = handleService.resolveToObject(context, handle);
-		if (dso instanceof Item)
-		{
-			item =  (Item) dso;
-		}
-		else
-		{
-			ItemUpdate.pr("Warning: item not instantiated");
-			throw new IllegalArgumentException("Item " + handle + " not instantiated.");
-		}	
-		return item;
+        throws SQLException, Exception {
+        DtoMetadata dtom = getMetadataField("dc.identifier.uri");
+        if (dtom == null) {
+            throw new Exception("No dc.identier.uri field found for handle");
+        }
+
+        this.addUndoMetadataField(dtom);  //seed the undo list with the uri
+
+        String uri = dtom.value;
+
+        if (!uri.startsWith(ItemUpdate.HANDLE_PREFIX)) {
+            throw new Exception("dc.identifier.uri for item " + uri
+                                    + " does not begin with prefix: " + ItemUpdate.HANDLE_PREFIX);
+        }
+
+        String handle = uri.substring(ItemUpdate.HANDLE_PREFIX.length());
+
+        DSpaceObject dso = handleService.resolveToObject(context, handle);
+        if (dso instanceof Item) {
+            item = (Item) dso;
+        } else {
+            ItemUpdate.pr("Warning: item not instantiated");
+            throw new IllegalArgumentException("Item " + handle + " not instantiated.");
+        }
+        return item;
    }
-    
+
    /**
-     * 	 Find and instantiate Item from the dublin_core.xml based
-     *   on the specified itemField for the item identifier,
-     *   
-     * 
+     * Find and instantiate Item from the dublin_core.xml based
+     * on the specified itemField for the item identifier,
+     *
     * @param context   - the DSpace context
     * @param itemField - the compound form of the metadata element <schema>.<element>.<qualifier>
-     * @throws SQLException
-     * @throws Exception
+     * @throws SQLException if database error
+     * @throws Exception    if error
     */
    private Item itemFromMetadataField(Context context, String itemField)
-    throws SQLException, AuthorizeException, Exception
-    {
-    	DtoMetadata dtom = getMetadataField(itemField);
-    	
-    	Item item = null;
-    	
-    	if (dtom == null)
-    	{
-    		throw new IllegalArgumentException("No field found for item identifier field: " + itemField);
-    	}  
-    	ItemUpdate.prv("Metadata field to match for item: " + dtom.toString());
+        throws SQLException, AuthorizeException, Exception {
+        DtoMetadata dtom = getMetadataField(itemField);

-    	this.addUndoMetadataField(dtom);  //seed the undo list with the identifier field
-    	
-	    Iterator<Item> itr = itemService.findByMetadataField(context, dtom.schema, dtom.element, dtom.qualifier, dtom.value);
-		int count = 0;
-		while (itr.hasNext())
-		{
-			item = itr.next();
-			count++;
-		}
+        Item item = null;

-		ItemUpdate.prv("items matching = " + count );
-		
-		if (count != 1)
-		{
-			throw new Exception ("" + count + " items matching item identifier: " + dtom.value);
-		}
-        
-    	return item;    	
-    }  
-    
-    private DtoMetadata  getMetadataField(String compoundForm)
-    {
-    	for (DtoMetadata dtom : dtomList)
-    	{
-			if (dtom.matches(compoundForm, false))
-			{
-				return dtom;
-			}
-    	}
-    	return null;
-    }    
+        if (dtom == null) {
+            throw new IllegalArgumentException("No field found for item identifier field: " + itemField);
+        }
+        ItemUpdate.prv("Metadata field to match for item: " + dtom.toString());
+
+        this.addUndoMetadataField(dtom);  //seed the undo list with the identifier field
+
+        Iterator<Item> itr = itemService
+            .findByMetadataField(context, dtom.schema, dtom.element, dtom.qualifier, dtom.value);
+        int count = 0;
+        while (itr.hasNext()) {
+            item = itr.next();
+            count++;
+        }
+
+        ItemUpdate.prv("items matching = " + count);
+
+        if (count != 1) {
+            throw new Exception("" + count + " items matching item identifier: " + dtom.value);
+        }
+
+        return item;
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * Get DtoMetadata field
+     *
+     * @param compoundForm compound form
+     * @return DtoMetadata field
+     */
+    private DtoMetadata getMetadataField(String compoundForm) {
+        for (DtoMetadata dtom : dtomList) {
+            if (dtom.matches(compoundForm, false)) {
+                return dtom;
+            }
+        }
+        return null;
+    }

    /**
     * write undo directory and files to Disk in archive format
-     * 
-     * 
+     *
     * @param undoDir - the root directory of the undo archive
+     * @throws IOException                       if IO error
+     * @throws ParserConfigurationException      if config error
+     * @throws TransformerConfigurationException if transformer config error
+     * @throws TransformerException              if transformer error
+     * @throws FileNotFoundException             if file not found
     */
-	public void writeUndo(File undoDir)
-	throws IOException, ParserConfigurationException, TransformerConfigurationException, 
-	       TransformerException, FileNotFoundException
-	{
-		// create directory for item
-		File dir = new File(undoDir, dirname);
-		if (!dir.exists() && !dir.mkdir())
-        {
+    public void writeUndo(File undoDir)
+        throws IOException, ParserConfigurationException, TransformerConfigurationException,
+        TransformerException, FileNotFoundException {
+        // create directory for item
+        File dir = new File(undoDir, dirname);
+        if (!dir.exists() && !dir.mkdir()) {
            log.error("Unable to create undo directory");
        }
-		
-		OutputStream out = null;

-        try
-        {
+        OutputStream out = null;
+
+        try {
            out = new FileOutputStream(new File(dir, "dublin_core.xml"));
            Document doc = MetadataUtilities.writeDublinCore(getDocumentBuilder(), undoDtomList);
            MetadataUtilities.writeDocument(doc, getTransformer(), out);

            // if undo has delete bitstream
-            if (undoAddContents.size() > 0)
-            {
+            if (undoAddContents.size() > 0) {
                PrintWriter pw = null;
-                try
-                {
+                try {
                    File f = new File(dir, ItemUpdate.DELETE_CONTENTS_FILE);
                    pw = new PrintWriter(new BufferedWriter(new FileWriter(f)));
-                    for (UUID i : undoAddContents)
-                    {
+                    for (UUID i : undoAddContents) {
                        pw.println(i);
                    }
-                }
-                finally
-                {
+                } finally {
                    pw.close();
                }
            }
-        }
-        finally
-        {
-            if (out != null)
-            {
+        } finally {
+            if (out != null) {
                out.close();
            }
        }
-	}
-	
+    }
+
 } //end class
--- a/dspace-api/src/main/java/org/dspace/app/itemupdate/ItemUpdate.java
+++ b/dspace-api/src/main/java/org/dspace/app/itemupdate/ItemUpdate.java
@@ -9,12 +9,18 @@ package org.dspace.app.itemupdate;

 import java.io.BufferedWriter;
 import java.io.File;
-import java.io.FilenameFilter;
 import java.io.FileNotFoundException;
 import java.io.FileWriter;
+import java.io.FilenameFilter;
 import java.io.IOException;
 import java.io.PrintWriter;
-import java.util.*;
+import java.util.ArrayList;
+import java.util.Arrays;
+import java.util.Date;
+import java.util.HashMap;
+import java.util.List;
+import java.util.Map;
+import java.util.UUID;

 import org.apache.commons.cli.CommandLine;
 import org.apache.commons.cli.CommandLineParser;
@@ -32,75 +38,68 @@ import org.dspace.eperson.factory.EPersonServiceFactory;
 import org.dspace.eperson.service.EPersonService;

 /**
- *   
- *   Provides some batch editing capabilities for items in DSpace:
- *   	Metadata fields - Add, Delete
- *      Bitstreams - Add, Delete
- * 
- *   The design has been for compatibility with ItemImporter
- *      in the use of the DSpace archive format which is used to
- *      specify changes on a per item basis.  The directory names
- *      to correspond to each item are arbitrary and will only be
- *      used for logging purposes.  The reference to the item is
- *      from a required dc.identifier with the item handle to be 
- *      included in the dublin_core.xml (or similar metadata) file.
- *      
- *   Any combination of these actions is permitted in a single run of this class 
- *      The order of actions is important when used in combination.  
- *      It is the responsibility of the calling class (here, ItemUpdate)
- *      to register UpdateAction classes in the order to which they are
- *      to be performed.
- *      
- * 
- *   It is unfortunate that so much code needs to be borrowed 
- *      from ItemImport as it is not reusable in private methods, etc.
- *      Some of this has been placed into the MetadataUtilities class
- *      for possible reuse elsewhere. 
- *   
- * 
- * @author W. Hays based on a conceptual design by R. Rodgers
+ * Provides some batch editing capabilities for items in DSpace:
+ * Metadata fields - Add, Delete
+ * Bitstreams - Add, Delete
 *
+ * The design has been for compatibility with ItemImporter
+ * in the use of the DSpace archive format which is used to
+ * specify changes on a per item basis.  The directory names
+ * to correspond to each item are arbitrary and will only be
+ * used for logging purposes.  The reference to the item is
+ * from a required dc.identifier with the item handle to be
+ * included in the dublin_core.xml (or similar metadata) file.
+ *
+ * Any combination of these actions is permitted in a single run of this class
+ * The order of actions is important when used in combination.
+ * It is the responsibility of the calling class (here, ItemUpdate)
+ * to register UpdateAction classes in the order to which they are
+ * to be performed.
+ *
+ *
+ * It is unfortunate that so much code needs to be borrowed
+ * from ItemImport as it is not reusable in private methods, etc.
+ * Some of this has been placed into the MetadataUtilities class
+ * for possible reuse elsewhere.
+ *
+ * @author W. Hays based on a conceptual design by R. Rodgers
 */
 public class ItemUpdate {
-	
-	public static final String SUPPRESS_UNDO_FILENAME = "suppress_undo";

-	public static final String CONTENTS_FILE = "contents";
-	public static final String DELETE_CONTENTS_FILE = "delete_contents";
+    public static final String SUPPRESS_UNDO_FILENAME = "suppress_undo";

-	public static String HANDLE_PREFIX = null;
-	public static final Map<String, String> filterAliases = new HashMap<String, String>();
-	
-	public static boolean verbose = false;
+    public static final String CONTENTS_FILE = "contents";
+    public static final String DELETE_CONTENTS_FILE = "delete_contents";
+
+    public static String HANDLE_PREFIX = null;
+    public static final Map<String, String> filterAliases = new HashMap<String, String>();
+
+    public static boolean verbose = false;

    protected static final EPersonService epersonService = EPersonServiceFactory.getInstance().getEPersonService();
    protected static final ItemService itemService = ContentServiceFactory.getInstance().getItemService();

-	static
-	{
-		filterAliases.put("ORIGINAL", "org.dspace.app.itemupdate.OriginalBitstreamFilter");
-		filterAliases.put("ORIGINAL_AND_DERIVATIVES", "org.dspace.app.itemupdate.OriginalWithDerivativesBitstreamFilter");
-		filterAliases.put("TEXT", "org.dspace.app.itemupdate.DerivativeTextBitstreamFilter");		
-		filterAliases.put("THUMBNAIL", "org.dspace.app.itemupdate.ThumbnailBitstreamFilter");		
-	}
-	          	                
+    static {
+        filterAliases.put("ORIGINAL", "org.dspace.app.itemupdate.OriginalBitstreamFilter");
+        filterAliases
+            .put("ORIGINAL_AND_DERIVATIVES", "org.dspace.app.itemupdate.OriginalWithDerivativesBitstreamFilter");
+        filterAliases.put("TEXT", "org.dspace.app.itemupdate.DerivativeTextBitstreamFilter");
+        filterAliases.put("THUMBNAIL", "org.dspace.app.itemupdate.ThumbnailBitstreamFilter");
+    }
+
    // File listing filter to check for folders
-    static FilenameFilter directoryFilter = new FilenameFilter()
-    {
+    static FilenameFilter directoryFilter = new FilenameFilter() {
        @Override
-		public boolean accept(File dir, String n)
-        {
+        public boolean accept(File dir, String n) {
            File f = new File(dir.getAbsolutePath() + File.separatorChar + n);
            return f.isDirectory();
        }
    };
- 
+
    // File listing filter to check for files (not directories)
-    static FilenameFilter fileFilter = new FilenameFilter()
-    {
+    static FilenameFilter fileFilter = new FilenameFilter() {
        @Override
-		public boolean accept(File dir, String n)
-        {
+        public boolean accept(File dir, String n) {
            File f = new File(dir.getAbsolutePath() + File.separatorChar + n);
            return (f.isFile());
        }
@@ -110,503 +109,458 @@ public class ItemUpdate {
    protected ActionManager actionMgr = new ActionManager();
    protected List<String> undoActionList = new ArrayList<String>();
    protected String eperson;
-   
+
    /**
-     * 
-     * @param argv
+     * @param argv the command line arguments given
     */
-    public static void main(String[] argv)
-    {
+    public static void main(String[] argv) {
        // create an options object and populate it
        CommandLineParser parser = new PosixParser();

        Options options = new Options();

-     //processing basis for determining items    
-        //item-specific changes with metadata in source directory with dublin_core.xml files  
+        //processing basis for determining items
+        //item-specific changes with metadata in source directory with dublin_core.xml files
        options.addOption("s", "source", true, "root directory of source dspace archive ");
-      
-    //actions  on items     
-        options.addOption("a", "addmetadata", true, "add metadata specified for each item; multiples separated by semicolon ';'");
+
+        //actions  on items
+        options.addOption("a", "addmetadata", true,
+                          "add metadata specified for each item; multiples separated by semicolon ';'");
        options.addOption("d", "deletemetadata", true, "delete metadata specified for each item");
-        
+
        options.addOption("A", "addbitstreams", false, "add bitstreams as specified for each item");
-        
+
        // extra work to get optional argument
-        Option delBitstreamOption = new Option("D", "deletebitstreams", true, "delete bitstreams as specified for each item");
+        Option delBitstreamOption = new Option("D", "deletebitstreams", true,
+                                               "delete bitstreams as specified for each item");
        delBitstreamOption.setOptionalArg(true);
        delBitstreamOption.setArgName("BitstreamFilter");
        options.addOption(delBitstreamOption);
-                               
-//other params        
+
+        //other params
        options.addOption("e", "eperson", true, "email of eperson doing the update");
-        options.addOption("i", "itemfield", true, "optional metadata field that containing item identifier; default is dc.identifier.uri");
-        options.addOption("F", "filter-properties", true, "filter class name; only for deleting bitstream");  
+        options.addOption("i", "itemfield", true,
+                          "optional metadata field that containing item identifier; default is dc.identifier.uri");
+        options.addOption("F", "filter-properties", true, "filter class name; only for deleting bitstream");
        options.addOption("v", "verbose", false, "verbose logging");
-      
-//special run states        
+
+        //special run states
        options.addOption("t", "test", false, "test run - do not actually import items");
        options.addOption("P", "provenance", false, "suppress altering provenance field for bitstream changes");
        options.addOption("h", "help", false, "help");
-        
+
        int status = 0;
        boolean isTest = false;
        boolean alterProvenance = true;
        String itemField = null;
        String metadataIndexName = null;
-        
+
        Context context = null;
-        ItemUpdate iu = new ItemUpdate();	
+        ItemUpdate iu = new ItemUpdate();

-        try
-        {       
-	        CommandLine line = parser.parse(options, argv);
-	
-	        if (line.hasOption('h'))
-	        {
-	            HelpFormatter myhelp = new HelpFormatter();
-	            myhelp.printHelp("ItemUpdate", options);
-	            pr("");
-	            pr("Examples:");
-	            pr("  adding metadata:     ItemUpdate -e jsmith@mit.edu -s sourcedir -a dc.contributor -a dc.subject ");
-	            pr("  deleting metadata:   ItemUpdate -e jsmith@mit.edu -s sourcedir -d dc.description.other");
-	            pr("  adding bitstreams:   ItemUpdate -e jsmith@mit.edu -s sourcedir -A -i dc.identifier");
-	            pr("  deleting bitstreams: ItemUpdate -e jsmith@mit.edu -s sourcedir -D ORIGINAL ");
-	            pr("");
-	
-	            System.exit(0);
-	        }
-	        
-	        if (line.hasOption('v'))
-	        {
-	        	verbose = true;
-	        }
+        try {
+            CommandLine line = parser.parse(options, argv);

- 
-	        if (line.hasOption('P'))
-	        {
-	        	alterProvenance = false;
-	        	pr("Suppressing changes to Provenance field option");
-	        }
+            if (line.hasOption('h')) {
+                HelpFormatter myhelp = new HelpFormatter();
+                myhelp.printHelp("ItemUpdate", options);
+                pr("");
+                pr("Examples:");
+                pr("  adding metadata:     ItemUpdate -e jsmith@mit.edu -s sourcedir -a dc.contributor -a dc.subject ");
+                pr("  deleting metadata:   ItemUpdate -e jsmith@mit.edu -s sourcedir -d dc.description.other");
+                pr("  adding bitstreams:   ItemUpdate -e jsmith@mit.edu -s sourcedir -A -i dc.identifier");
+                pr("  deleting bitstreams: ItemUpdate -e jsmith@mit.edu -s sourcedir -D ORIGINAL ");
+                pr("");

-	        iu.eperson = line.getOptionValue('e'); // db ID or email
-	        
-	        if (!line.hasOption('s')) // item specific changes from archive dir
-	        {
-	        	pr("Missing source archive option");
-	        	System.exit(1);
-	        }
-	        String sourcedir = line.getOptionValue('s');
-	        
-        	if (line.hasOption('t'))  //test
-        	{
-        		isTest = true;
-	            pr("**Test Run** - not actually updating items.");
-       		       	
-	        }
-        	
-        	if (line.hasOption('i'))
-        	{
-        		itemField = line.getOptionValue('i');      		
-        	}
+                System.exit(0);
+            }

-	        if (line.hasOption('d'))
-	        {
-	        	String[] targetFields = line.getOptionValues('d'); 
-	        	
-	        	DeleteMetadataAction delMetadataAction = (DeleteMetadataAction) iu.actionMgr.getUpdateAction(DeleteMetadataAction.class);
-	        	delMetadataAction.addTargetFields(targetFields);
-	        	
-	        	//undo is an add 
-	        	for (String field : targetFields)
-	        	{
-	        		iu.undoActionList.add(" -a " + field + " ");
-	        	}
-	        	
-	        	pr("Delete metadata for fields: ");
-	        	for (String s : targetFields)
-	        	{
-	        		pr("    " + s);
-	        	}
-	        }
-	        
-    		if (line.hasOption('a'))
-    		{
-    			String[] targetFields = line.getOptionValues('a'); 
-        	
-    			AddMetadataAction addMetadataAction = (AddMetadataAction) iu.actionMgr.getUpdateAction(AddMetadataAction.class); 
-    			addMetadataAction.addTargetFields(targetFields);
-        		
-        		//undo is a delete followed by an add of a replace record for target fields
-	        	for (String field : targetFields)
-	        	{
-	        		iu.undoActionList.add(" -d " + field + " ");
-	        	}
-    			
-	        	for (String field : targetFields)
-	        	{
-	        		iu.undoActionList.add(" -a " + field + " ");
-	        	}
-    			
-	        	pr("Add metadata for fields: ");
-	        	for (String s : targetFields)
-	        	{
-	        		pr("    " + s);
-	        	}
-        	}
-    		
-	        if (line.hasOption('D'))  // undo not supported 
-	        {
-	        	pr("Delete bitstreams ");
-	        	
-	        	String[] filterNames = line.getOptionValues('D');
-	        	if ((filterNames != null) && (filterNames.length > 1))
-	        	{
-	        		pr("Error: Only one filter can be a used at a time.");
-	        		System.exit(1);
-	        	}
-	        	
-	        	String filterName = line.getOptionValue('D');
-	        	pr("Filter argument: " + filterName);
-	        	
-	        	if (filterName == null)  // indicates using delete_contents files
-	        	{
-	        		DeleteBitstreamsAction delAction = (DeleteBitstreamsAction) iu.actionMgr.getUpdateAction(DeleteBitstreamsAction.class);
-		        	delAction.setAlterProvenance(alterProvenance);
-	        	}
-	        	else
-	        	{
-	        	    // check if param is on ALIAS list
-	        		String filterClassname = filterAliases.get(filterName);
-	        		
-	        		if (filterClassname == null)
-	        		{
-	        			filterClassname = filterName;
-	        		}
-	        			        		
-	        	    BitstreamFilter filter = null; 
+            if (line.hasOption('v')) {
+                verbose = true;
+            }

-	        	    try
-	        	    {
-		    			Class<?> cfilter = Class.forName(filterClassname);
-		    			pr("BitstreamFilter class to instantiate: " + cfilter.toString());
-		    			
-		    			filter =  (BitstreamFilter) cfilter.newInstance();  //unfortunate cast, an erasure consequence
-	        	    }
-	        	    catch(Exception e)
-	        	    {
-	        	    	pr("Error:  Failure instantiating bitstream filter class: " + filterClassname);
-	        	    	System.exit(1);
-	        	    }
-	        	    
-	        	    String filterPropertiesName = line.getOptionValue('F');
-	        	    if (filterPropertiesName != null)  //not always required
-	        	    {
-	        	    	try
-	        	    	{
-	        	    		// TODO try multiple relative locations, e.g. source dir
-	        	    		if (!filterPropertiesName.startsWith("/"))
-	        	    		{
-	        	    			filterPropertiesName = sourcedir + File.separator + filterPropertiesName;
-	        	    		}
-	        	    		
-	        	    		filter.initProperties(filterPropertiesName);
-	        	    	}
-	        	    	catch(Exception e)
-	        	    	{
-		        	    	pr("Error:  Failure finding properties file for bitstream filter class: " + filterPropertiesName);
-		        	    	System.exit(1);
-	        	    	}
-	        	    }
-	        	    
-	        		DeleteBitstreamsByFilterAction delAction = 
-	        			(DeleteBitstreamsByFilterAction) iu.actionMgr.getUpdateAction(DeleteBitstreamsByFilterAction.class);
-		        	delAction.setAlterProvenance(alterProvenance);
-		        	delAction.setBitstreamFilter(filter);
-	        	    //undo not supported
-	        	}        	
-	        }

-	        if (line.hasOption('A'))
-	        {
-	        	pr("Add bitstreams ");    	        	
-        		AddBitstreamsAction addAction = (AddBitstreamsAction) iu.actionMgr.getUpdateAction(AddBitstreamsAction.class);
-	        	addAction.setAlterProvenance(alterProvenance);
-	        	
-	        	iu.undoActionList.add(" -D ");  // delete_contents file will be written, no arg required	        	
-	        }    	        
-	        	        
-	        if (!iu.actionMgr.hasActions())
-	        {
+            if (line.hasOption('P')) {
+                alterProvenance = false;
+                pr("Suppressing changes to Provenance field option");
+            }
+
+            iu.eperson = line.getOptionValue('e'); // db ID or email
+
+            if (!line.hasOption('s')) { // item specific changes from archive dir
+                pr("Missing source archive option");
+                System.exit(1);
+            }
+            String sourcedir = line.getOptionValue('s');
+
+            if (line.hasOption('t')) { //test
+                isTest = true;
+                pr("**Test Run** - not actually updating items.");
+
+            }
+
+            if (line.hasOption('i')) {
+                itemField = line.getOptionValue('i');
+            }
+
+            if (line.hasOption('d')) {
+                String[] targetFields = line.getOptionValues('d');
+
+                DeleteMetadataAction delMetadataAction = (DeleteMetadataAction) iu.actionMgr
+                    .getUpdateAction(DeleteMetadataAction.class);
+                delMetadataAction.addTargetFields(targetFields);
+
+                //undo is an add
+                for (String field : targetFields) {
+                    iu.undoActionList.add(" -a " + field + " ");
+                }
+
+                pr("Delete metadata for fields: ");
+                for (String s : targetFields) {
+                    pr("    " + s);
+                }
+            }
+
+            if (line.hasOption('a')) {
+                String[] targetFields = line.getOptionValues('a');
+
+                AddMetadataAction addMetadataAction = (AddMetadataAction) iu.actionMgr
+                    .getUpdateAction(AddMetadataAction.class);
+                addMetadataAction.addTargetFields(targetFields);
+
+                //undo is a delete followed by an add of a replace record for target fields
+                for (String field : targetFields) {
+                    iu.undoActionList.add(" -d " + field + " ");
+                }
+
+                for (String field : targetFields) {
+                    iu.undoActionList.add(" -a " + field + " ");
+                }
+
+                pr("Add metadata for fields: ");
+                for (String s : targetFields) {
+                    pr("    " + s);
+                }
+            }
+
+            if (line.hasOption('D')) { // undo not supported
+                pr("Delete bitstreams ");
+
+                String[] filterNames = line.getOptionValues('D');
+                if ((filterNames != null) && (filterNames.length > 1)) {
+                    pr("Error: Only one filter can be a used at a time.");
+                    System.exit(1);
+                }
+
+                String filterName = line.getOptionValue('D');
+                pr("Filter argument: " + filterName);
+
+                if (filterName == null) { // indicates using delete_contents files
+                    DeleteBitstreamsAction delAction = (DeleteBitstreamsAction) iu.actionMgr
+                        .getUpdateAction(DeleteBitstreamsAction.class);
+                    delAction.setAlterProvenance(alterProvenance);
+                } else {
+                    // check if param is on ALIAS list
+                    String filterClassname = filterAliases.get(filterName);
+
+                    if (filterClassname == null) {
+                        filterClassname = filterName;
+                    }
+
+                    BitstreamFilter filter = null;
+
+                    try {
+                        Class<?> cfilter = Class.forName(filterClassname);
+                        pr("BitstreamFilter class to instantiate: " + cfilter.toString());
+
+                        filter = (BitstreamFilter) cfilter.newInstance();  //unfortunate cast, an erasure consequence
+                    } catch (Exception e) {
+                        pr("Error:  Failure instantiating bitstream filter class: " + filterClassname);
+                        System.exit(1);
+                    }
+
+                    String filterPropertiesName = line.getOptionValue('F');
+                    if (filterPropertiesName != null) { //not always required
+                        try {
+                            // TODO try multiple relative locations, e.g. source dir
+                            if (!filterPropertiesName.startsWith("/")) {
+                                filterPropertiesName = sourcedir + File.separator + filterPropertiesName;
+                            }
+
+                            filter.initProperties(filterPropertiesName);
+                        } catch (Exception e) {
+                            pr("Error:  Failure finding properties file for bitstream filter class: " +
+                                   filterPropertiesName);
+                            System.exit(1);
+                        }
+                    }
+
+                    DeleteBitstreamsByFilterAction delAction =
+                        (DeleteBitstreamsByFilterAction) iu.actionMgr
+                            .getUpdateAction(DeleteBitstreamsByFilterAction.class);
+                    delAction.setAlterProvenance(alterProvenance);
+                    delAction.setBitstreamFilter(filter);
+                    //undo not supported
+                }
+            }
+
+            if (line.hasOption('A')) {
+                pr("Add bitstreams ");
+                AddBitstreamsAction addAction = (AddBitstreamsAction) iu.actionMgr
+                    .getUpdateAction(AddBitstreamsAction.class);
+                addAction.setAlterProvenance(alterProvenance);
+
+                iu.undoActionList.add(" -D ");  // delete_contents file will be written, no arg required
+            }
+
+            if (!iu.actionMgr.hasActions()) {
                pr("Error - an action must be specified");
                System.exit(1);
-	        }
-	        else  
-	        {
-	        	pr("Actions to be performed: ");
-	        	
-	        	for (UpdateAction ua : iu.actionMgr)
-	        	{
-	        		pr("    " + ua.getClass().getName());
-	        	}
-	        }
-	        
-	        pr("ItemUpdate - initializing run on " + (new Date()).toString());
-	               	
-	        context = new Context();  
-	        iu.setEPerson(context, iu.eperson);	
-	        context.setIgnoreAuthorization(true);
-	        
-	    	HANDLE_PREFIX = ConfigurationManager.getProperty("handle.canonical.prefix");
-	    	if (HANDLE_PREFIX == null || HANDLE_PREFIX.length() == 0)
-	    	{
-	    		HANDLE_PREFIX = "http://hdl.handle.net/";
-	    	}
-	    		        
-        	iu.processArchive(context, sourcedir, itemField, metadataIndexName, alterProvenance, isTest);		        	            
+            } else {
+                pr("Actions to be performed: ");

-	        context.complete();  // complete all transactions
-	        context.setIgnoreAuthorization(false);
-        }
-        catch (Exception e)
-        {
-            if (context != null && context.isValid())
-            {
+                for (UpdateAction ua : iu.actionMgr) {
+                    pr("    " + ua.getClass().getName());
+                }
+            }
+
+            pr("ItemUpdate - initializing run on " + (new Date()).toString());
+
+            context = new Context(Context.Mode.BATCH_EDIT);
+            iu.setEPerson(context, iu.eperson);
+            context.turnOffAuthorisationSystem();
+
+            HANDLE_PREFIX = ConfigurationManager.getProperty("handle.canonical.prefix");
+            if (HANDLE_PREFIX == null || HANDLE_PREFIX.length() == 0) {
+                HANDLE_PREFIX = "http://hdl.handle.net/";
+            }
+
+            iu.processArchive(context, sourcedir, itemField, metadataIndexName, alterProvenance, isTest);
+
+            context.complete();  // complete all transactions
+        } catch (Exception e) {
+            if (context != null && context.isValid()) {
                context.abort();
-            	context.setIgnoreAuthorization(false);
            }
            e.printStackTrace();
            pr(e.toString());
            status = 1;
+        } finally {
+            context.restoreAuthSystemState();
        }

-        if (isTest)
-        {
+        if (isTest) {
            pr("***End of Test Run***");
-        }
-        else
-        {
-        	pr("End.");
-        	
+        } else {
+            pr("End.");
+
        }
        System.exit(status);
    }

+    /**
+     * process an archive
+     *
+     * @param context           DSpace Context
+     * @param sourceDirPath     source path
+     * @param itemField         item field
+     * @param metadataIndexName index name
+     * @param alterProvenance   whether to alter provenance
+     * @param isTest            test flag
+     * @throws Exception if error
+     */
    protected void processArchive(Context context, String sourceDirPath, String itemField,
-    		String metadataIndexName, boolean alterProvenance, boolean isTest)
-    throws Exception
-    {
+                                  String metadataIndexName, boolean alterProvenance, boolean isTest)
+        throws Exception {
        // open and process the source directory
        File sourceDir = new File(sourceDirPath);

-        if ((sourceDir == null) || !sourceDir.exists() || !sourceDir.isDirectory())
-        {
+        if ((sourceDir == null) || !sourceDir.exists() || !sourceDir.isDirectory()) {
            pr("Error, cannot open archive source directory " + sourceDirPath);
            throw new Exception("error with archive source directory " + sourceDirPath);
        }

        String[] dircontents = sourceDir.list(directoryFilter);  //just the names, not the path
        Arrays.sort(dircontents);
-       
+
        //Undo is suppressed to prevent undo of undo
        boolean suppressUndo = false;
        File fSuppressUndo = new File(sourceDir, SUPPRESS_UNDO_FILENAME);
-        if (fSuppressUndo.exists())
-        {
-        	suppressUndo = true;
+        if (fSuppressUndo.exists()) {
+            suppressUndo = true;
        }

        File undoDir = null;  //sibling directory of source archive
-        
-    	if (!suppressUndo && !isTest) 
-    	{
-    		undoDir = initUndoArchive(sourceDir);	
-    	}
-        
-    	int itemCount = 0;
-    	int successItemCount = 0;
-    	
-        for (String dirname : dircontents)
-        {
-        	itemCount++;
-    		pr("");
-    		pr("processing item " + dirname);
-    		
-    		try
-    		{
-	    		ItemArchive itarch = ItemArchive.create(context, new File(sourceDir, dirname), itemField);
-	    		
-	    		for (UpdateAction action : actionMgr)
-	    		{
-	    			pr("action: " + action.getClass().getName());
-	    			action.execute(context, itarch, isTest, suppressUndo);
-	    			if (!isTest && !suppressUndo)
-                    {
+
+        if (!suppressUndo && !isTest) {
+            undoDir = initUndoArchive(sourceDir);
+        }
+
+        int itemCount = 0;
+        int successItemCount = 0;
+
+        for (String dirname : dircontents) {
+            itemCount++;
+            pr("");
+            pr("processing item " + dirname);
+
+            try {
+                ItemArchive itarch = ItemArchive.create(context, new File(sourceDir, dirname), itemField);
+
+                for (UpdateAction action : actionMgr) {
+                    pr("action: " + action.getClass().getName());
+                    action.execute(context, itarch, isTest, suppressUndo);
+                    if (!isTest && !suppressUndo) {
                        itarch.writeUndo(undoDir);
                    }
-	    		}
-	    		if (!isTest)
-	    		{
-    				Item item = itarch.getItem();
+                }
+                if (!isTest) {
+                    Item item = itarch.getItem();
                    itemService.update(context, item);  //need to update before commit
-	    		}
-    			ItemUpdate.pr("Item " + dirname + " completed");
-    			successItemCount++;
-    		}
-    		catch(Exception e)
-    		{
-    			pr("Exception processing item " + dirname + ": " + e.toString());
+                    context.uncacheEntity(item);
+                }
+                ItemUpdate.pr("Item " + dirname + " completed");
+                successItemCount++;
+            } catch (Exception e) {
+                pr("Exception processing item " + dirname + ": " + e.toString());
                e.printStackTrace();
-    		}
-        }  
-        
-        if (!suppressUndo && !isTest)
-        {        	     	
-        	StringBuilder sb = new StringBuilder("dsrun org.dspace.app.itemupdate.ItemUpdate ");
-        	sb.append(" -e ").append(this.eperson);
-        	sb.append(" -s ").append(undoDir);
-        	
-        	if (itemField != null)
-        	{
-        		sb.append(" -i ").append(itemField);
-        	}
-        	
-         	if (!alterProvenance)
-        	{
-        		sb.append(" -P ");
-        	}
-        	if (isTest)
-        	{
-        		sb.append(" -t ");
-        	}
-        	
-        	for (String actionOption : undoActionList)
-        	{
-        		sb.append(actionOption);
-        	}   
-        	
-        	PrintWriter pw = null;
-        	try
-        	{
-               	File cmdFile = new File (undoDir.getParent(), undoDir.getName() + "_command.sh");
-	        	pw = new PrintWriter(new BufferedWriter(new FileWriter(cmdFile)));
-	        	pw.println(sb.toString());
-        	}
-        	finally
-        	{
-        		pw.close();
-        	}
+            }
        }
-        
+
+        if (!suppressUndo && !isTest) {
+            StringBuilder sb = new StringBuilder("dsrun org.dspace.app.itemupdate.ItemUpdate ");
+            sb.append(" -e ").append(this.eperson);
+            sb.append(" -s ").append(undoDir);
+
+            if (itemField != null) {
+                sb.append(" -i ").append(itemField);
+            }
+
+            if (!alterProvenance) {
+                sb.append(" -P ");
+            }
+            if (isTest) {
+                sb.append(" -t ");
+            }
+
+            for (String actionOption : undoActionList) {
+                sb.append(actionOption);
+            }
+
+            PrintWriter pw = null;
+            try {
+                File cmdFile = new File(undoDir.getParent(), undoDir.getName() + "_command.sh");
+                pw = new PrintWriter(new BufferedWriter(new FileWriter(cmdFile)));
+                pw.println(sb.toString());
+            } finally {
+                pw.close();
+            }
+        }
+
        pr("");
        pr("Done processing.  Successful items: " + successItemCount + " of " + itemCount + " items in source archive");
        pr("");
    }
-           
-    
+
+
    /**
-     * 
     * to avoid overwriting the undo source tree on repeated processing
-     * sequence numbers are added and checked 
-     * 
+     * sequence numbers are added and checked
+     *
     * @param sourceDir - the original source directory
     * @return the directory of the undo archive
-     * @throws FileNotFoundException
-     * @throws IOException
+     * @throws FileNotFoundException if file doesn't exist
+     * @throws IOException           if IO error
     */
    protected File initUndoArchive(File sourceDir)
-	throws FileNotFoundException, IOException
-	{				
-		File parentDir = sourceDir.getCanonicalFile().getParentFile();
-		if (parentDir == null)
-		{
-			throw new FileNotFoundException("Parent directory of archive directory not found; unable to write UndoArchive; no processing performed");    			
-		}
-		
-		String sourceDirName = sourceDir.getName();
-		int seqNo = 1;
-		
-		File undoDir = new File(parentDir, "undo_" + sourceDirName + "_" + seqNo);
-		while (undoDir.exists())
-		{
-    		undoDir = new File(parentDir, "undo_" + sourceDirName+ "_" + ++seqNo); //increment
-		}
-		
-		// create root directory
-		if (!undoDir.mkdir())
-		{
-			pr("ERROR creating  Undo Archive directory " + undoDir.getCanonicalPath());
-			throw new IOException("ERROR creating  Undo Archive directory " + undoDir.getCanonicalPath());
-		}
-		
+        throws FileNotFoundException, IOException {
+        File parentDir = sourceDir.getCanonicalFile().getParentFile();
+        if (parentDir == null) {
+            throw new FileNotFoundException(
+                "Parent directory of archive directory not found; unable to write UndoArchive; no processing " +
+                    "performed");
+        }
+
+        String sourceDirName = sourceDir.getName();
+        int seqNo = 1;
+
+        File undoDir = new File(parentDir, "undo_" + sourceDirName + "_" + seqNo);
+        while (undoDir.exists()) {
+            undoDir = new File(parentDir, "undo_" + sourceDirName + "_" + ++seqNo); //increment
+        }
+
+        // create root directory
+        if (!undoDir.mkdir()) {
+            pr("ERROR creating  Undo Archive directory " + undoDir.getCanonicalPath());
+            throw new IOException("ERROR creating  Undo Archive directory " + undoDir.getCanonicalPath());
+        }
+
        //Undo is suppressed to prevent undo of undo
        File fSuppressUndo = new File(undoDir, ItemUpdate.SUPPRESS_UNDO_FILENAME);
-        try
-        {
-        	fSuppressUndo.createNewFile();
+        try {
+            fSuppressUndo.createNewFile();
+        } catch (IOException e) {
+            pr("ERROR creating Suppress Undo File " + e.toString());
+            throw e;
        }
-        catch(IOException e)
-        {
-        	pr("ERROR creating Suppress Undo File " + e.toString());
-        	throw e;
-        }
-        return undoDir;		
-	}
-	
-	//private void write
+        return undoDir;
+    }

+    //private void write
+
+    /**
+     * Set EPerson doing import
+     *
+     * @param context DSpace Context
+     * @param eperson EPerson obj
+     * @throws Exception if error
+     */
    protected void setEPerson(Context context, String eperson)
-    throws Exception
-    {
-        if (eperson == null)
-        {
+        throws Exception {
+        if (eperson == null) {
            pr("Error - an eperson to do the importing must be specified");
            pr(" (run with -h flag for details)");
-            throw new Exception("EPerson not specified.");        }
+            throw new Exception("EPerson not specified.");
+        }

        EPerson myEPerson = null;

-        if (eperson.indexOf('@') != -1)
-        {
+        if (eperson.indexOf('@') != -1) {
            // @ sign, must be an email
            myEPerson = epersonService.findByEmail(context, eperson);
-        }
-        else
-        {
+        } else {
            myEPerson = epersonService.find(context, UUID.fromString(eperson));
        }

-        if (myEPerson == null)
-        {
+        if (myEPerson == null) {
            pr("Error, eperson cannot be found: " + eperson);
            throw new Exception("Invalid EPerson");
        }

        context.setCurrentUser(myEPerson);
    }
-    
+
    /**
-     *   poor man's logging
-	 *   As with ItemImport, API logging goes through log4j to the DSpace.log files
-	 *   whereas the batch logging goes to the console to be captured there.
-     * @param s
+     * poor man's logging
+     * As with ItemImport, API logging goes through log4j to the DSpace.log files
+     * whereas the batch logging goes to the console to be captured there.
+     *
+     * @param s String
     */
-    static void pr(String s)
-    {
-    	System.out.println(s);
+    static void pr(String s) {
+        System.out.println(s);
    }
-    
+
    /**
-     *  print if verbose flag is set
-     * @param s
+     * print if verbose flag is set
+     *
+     * @param s String
     */
-    static void prv(String s)
-    {
-    	if (verbose) 
-    	{
-        	System.out.println(s);
-    	}
+    static void prv(String s) {
+        if (verbose) {
+            System.out.println(s);
+        }
    }
-    
+
 } //end of class

--- a/dspace-api/src/main/java/org/dspace/app/itemupdate/MetadataUtilities.java
+++ b/dspace-api/src/main/java/org/dspace/app/itemupdate/MetadataUtilities.java
@@ -11,14 +11,13 @@ import java.io.BufferedReader;
 import java.io.File;
 import java.io.FileNotFoundException;
 import java.io.FileReader;
-import java.io.InputStream;
 import java.io.IOException;
+import java.io.InputStream;
 import java.io.OutputStream;
 import java.sql.SQLException;
 import java.text.ParseException;
 import java.util.ArrayList;
 import java.util.List;
-
 import javax.xml.parsers.DocumentBuilder;
 import javax.xml.parsers.ParserConfigurationException;
 import javax.xml.transform.Result;
@@ -31,10 +30,14 @@ import javax.xml.transform.stream.StreamResult;

 import org.apache.commons.lang.StringUtils;
 import org.apache.xpath.XPathAPI;
-
-import org.dspace.content.*;
+import org.dspace.authorize.AuthorizeException;
+import org.dspace.content.Item;
+import org.dspace.content.MetadataField;
+import org.dspace.content.MetadataSchema;
+import org.dspace.content.MetadataValue;
 import org.dspace.content.factory.ContentServiceFactory;
 import org.dspace.content.service.ItemService;
+import org.dspace.core.ConfigurationManager;
 import org.dspace.core.Context;
 import org.w3c.dom.Document;
 import org.w3c.dom.Element;
@@ -43,481 +46,420 @@ import org.w3c.dom.Node;
 import org.w3c.dom.NodeList;
 import org.xml.sax.SAXException;

-import org.dspace.authorize.AuthorizeException;
-import org.dspace.core.ConfigurationManager;
-

 /**
- * 		Miscellaneous methods for metadata handling that build on the API
- *      which might have general utility outside of the specific use
- *      in context in ItemUpdate.
- *      
- *      The XML methods were based on those in ItemImport
- * 
+ * Miscellaneous methods for metadata handling that build on the API
+ * which might have general utility outside of the specific use
+ * in context in ItemUpdate.
 *
+ * The XML methods were based on those in ItemImport
 */
 public class MetadataUtilities {

    protected static final ItemService itemService = ContentServiceFactory.getInstance().getItemService();

-    /**      
-     * 
-     *  Working around Item API to delete a value-specific Metadatum
-  For a given element/qualifier/lang:
-      get all DCValues
-      clear (i.e. delete) all of these DCValues
-     *      add them back, minus the one to actually delete
-     *  
-     * 
-     * @param item
-     * @param dtom
-     * @param isLanguageStrict - 
-     * 
-     * @return true if metadata field is found with matching value and was deleted
+    /**
+     * Default constructor
     */
-    public static boolean deleteMetadataByValue(Context context, Item item, DtoMetadata dtom, boolean isLanguageStrict) throws SQLException {
-    	List<MetadataValue> ar = null;
-    	
-    	if (isLanguageStrict)
-    	{   // get all for given type
-    		ar = itemService.getMetadata(item, dtom.schema, dtom.element, dtom.qualifier, dtom.language);
-    	}
-    	else
-    	{
-    		ar = itemService.getMetadata(item, dtom.schema, dtom.element, dtom.qualifier, Item.ANY);
-    	}
-    	
-    	boolean found = false;
-    	
-    	//build new set minus the one to delete
-    	List<String> vals = new ArrayList<String>();
-    	for (MetadataValue dcv : ar)
-    	{
-    		if (dcv.getValue().equals(dtom.value))
-    		{
-    			found = true;
-    		}
-    		else
-    		{
-    			vals.add(dcv.getValue());
-    		}
-    	}
-    	
-    	if (found)  //remove all for given type  ??synchronize this block??
-    	{   
-        	if (isLanguageStrict)
-        	{           		
+    private MetadataUtilities() { }
+
+    /**
+     * Working around Item API to delete a value-specific Metadatum
+     * For a given element/qualifier/lang:
+     * get all DCValues
+     * clear (i.e. delete) all of these DCValues
+     * add them back, minus the one to actually delete
+     *
+     * @param context          DSpace Context
+     * @param item             Item Object
+     * @param dtom             metadata field
+     * @param isLanguageStrict whether strict or not
+     * @return true if metadata field is found with matching value and was deleted
+     * @throws SQLException if database error
+     */
+    public static boolean deleteMetadataByValue(Context context, Item item, DtoMetadata dtom, boolean isLanguageStrict)
+        throws SQLException {
+        List<MetadataValue> ar = null;
+
+        if (isLanguageStrict) {   // get all for given type
+            ar = itemService.getMetadata(item, dtom.schema, dtom.element, dtom.qualifier, dtom.language);
+        } else {
+            ar = itemService.getMetadata(item, dtom.schema, dtom.element, dtom.qualifier, Item.ANY);
+        }
+
+        boolean found = false;
+
+        //build new set minus the one to delete
+        List<String> vals = new ArrayList<String>();
+        for (MetadataValue dcv : ar) {
+            if (dcv.getValue().equals(dtom.value)) {
+                found = true;
+            } else {
+                vals.add(dcv.getValue());
+            }
+        }
+
+        if (found) {  //remove all for given type  ??synchronize this block??
+            if (isLanguageStrict) {
                itemService.clearMetadata(context, item, dtom.schema, dtom.element, dtom.qualifier, dtom.language);
-        	}
-        	else
-        	{
+            } else {
                itemService.clearMetadata(context, item, dtom.schema, dtom.element, dtom.qualifier, Item.ANY);
-        	}
-    	
+            }
+
            itemService.addMetadata(context, item, dtom.schema, dtom.element, dtom.qualifier, dtom.language, vals);
-    	}
-		return found;
+        }
+        return found;
    }

    /**
-     *   Append text to value metadata field to item
-     *   
-     * @param item
-     * @param dtom
-     * @param isLanguageStrict
-     * @param textToAppend
-     * @throws IllegalArgumentException  - When target metadata field is not found
+     * Append text to value metadata field to item
+     *
+     * @param context          DSpace Context
+     * @param item             DSpace Item
+     * @param dtom             metadata field
+     * @param isLanguageStrict if strict
+     * @param textToAppend     text to append
+     * @throws IllegalArgumentException - When target metadata field is not found
+     * @throws SQLException             if database error
     */
    public static void appendMetadata(Context context, Item item, DtoMetadata dtom, boolean isLanguageStrict,
-    		String textToAppend)
-            throws IllegalArgumentException, SQLException {
-    	List<MetadataValue> ar = null;
-    	
-    	// get all values for given element/qualifier
-    	if (isLanguageStrict)  // get all for given element/qualifier
-    	{   
-    		ar = itemService.getMetadata(item, dtom.schema, dtom.element, dtom.qualifier, dtom.language);
-    	}
-    	else
-    	{
-    		ar = itemService.getMetadata(item, dtom.schema, dtom.element, dtom.qualifier, Item.ANY);
-    	}
-    	
-    	if (ar.size() == 0)
-    	{
-    		throw new IllegalArgumentException("Metadata to append to not found");
-    	}
-    	
-    	int idx = 0;  //index of field to change
-    	if (ar.size() > 1)  //need to pick one, can't be sure it's the last one
-    	{
-    		// TODO maybe get highest id ?
-    	}
-    	
-    	//build new set minus the one to delete
-    	List<String> vals = new ArrayList<String>();
-    	for (int i=0; i < ar.size(); i++)
-    	{
-    		if (i == idx)
-    		{
-    			vals.add(ar.get(i).getValue() + textToAppend);
-    		}
-    		else
-    		{
-    			vals.add(ar.get(i).getValue());
-    		}
-    	}
+                                      String textToAppend)
+        throws IllegalArgumentException, SQLException {
+        List<MetadataValue> ar = null;

-    	if (isLanguageStrict)
-    	{           		
+        // get all values for given element/qualifier
+        if (isLanguageStrict) {  // get all for given element/qualifier
+            ar = itemService.getMetadata(item, dtom.schema, dtom.element, dtom.qualifier, dtom.language);
+        } else {
+            ar = itemService.getMetadata(item, dtom.schema, dtom.element, dtom.qualifier, Item.ANY);
+        }
+
+        if (ar.size() == 0) {
+            throw new IllegalArgumentException("Metadata to append to not found");
+        }
+
+        int idx = 0;  //index of field to change
+        if (ar.size() > 1) { //need to pick one, can't be sure it's the last one
+            // TODO maybe get highest id ?
+        }
+
+        //build new set minus the one to delete
+        List<String> vals = new ArrayList<String>();
+        for (int i = 0; i < ar.size(); i++) {
+            if (i == idx) {
+                vals.add(ar.get(i).getValue() + textToAppend);
+            } else {
+                vals.add(ar.get(i).getValue());
+            }
+        }
+
+        if (isLanguageStrict) {
            itemService.clearMetadata(context, item, dtom.schema, dtom.element, dtom.qualifier, dtom.language);
-    	}
-    	else
-    	{
+        } else {
            itemService.clearMetadata(context, item, dtom.schema, dtom.element, dtom.qualifier, Item.ANY);
-    	}
-	
+        }
+
        itemService.addMetadata(context, item, dtom.schema, dtom.element, dtom.qualifier, dtom.language, vals);
    }
- 
+
    /**
-     *  Modification of method from ItemImporter.loadDublinCore 
-     *  as a Factory method
-     * 
-     * @param docBuilder  - 
-     * @param is - InputStream of dublin_core.xml
+     * Modification of method from ItemImporter.loadDublinCore
+     * as a Factory method
+     *
+     * @param docBuilder DocumentBuilder
+     * @param is         - InputStream of dublin_core.xml
     * @return list of DtoMetadata representing the metadata fields relating to an Item
-     * @throws SQLException
-     * @throws IOException
-     * @throws ParserConfigurationException
-     * @throws SAXException
-     * @throws TransformerException
-     * @throws AuthorizeException
+     * @throws SQLException                 if database error
+     * @throws IOException                  if IO error
+     * @throws ParserConfigurationException if parser config error
+     * @throws SAXException                 if XML error
+     * @throws TransformerException         if transformer error
+     * @throws AuthorizeException           if authorization error
     */
    public static List<DtoMetadata> loadDublinCore(DocumentBuilder docBuilder, InputStream is)
-    throws SQLException, IOException, ParserConfigurationException,
-           SAXException, TransformerException, AuthorizeException
-	{    	
-		Document document = docBuilder.parse(is);
-		
-		List<DtoMetadata> dtomList = new ArrayList<DtoMetadata>();
-		
-		// Get the schema, for backward compatibility we will default to the
-		// dublin core schema if the schema name is not available in the import file		
-		String schema = null;
-		NodeList metadata = XPathAPI.selectNodeList(document, "/dublin_core");		
-		Node schemaAttr = metadata.item(0).getAttributes().getNamedItem("schema");
-		if (schemaAttr == null)
-		{
-		    schema = MetadataSchema.DC_SCHEMA;
-		}
-		else
-		{
-		    schema = schemaAttr.getNodeValue();
-		}
+        throws SQLException, IOException, ParserConfigurationException,
+        SAXException, TransformerException, AuthorizeException {
+        Document document = docBuilder.parse(is);

-		// Get the nodes corresponding to formats
-		NodeList dcNodes = XPathAPI.selectNodeList(document, "/dublin_core/dcvalue");
-		
-		for (int i = 0; i < dcNodes.getLength(); i++)
-		{
-		    Node n = dcNodes.item(i);		    
-	        String value = getStringValue(n).trim(); 
-	        // compensate for empty value getting read as "null", which won't display
-	        if (value == null)
-	        {
-	            value = "";
-	        }
-	        String element = getAttributeValue(n, "element");
-	        if (element != null)
-	        {
-	        	element = element.trim();
-	        }
-	        String qualifier = getAttributeValue(n, "qualifier"); 
-	        if (qualifier != null)
-	        {
-	        	qualifier = qualifier.trim();
-	        }
-	        String language = getAttributeValue(n, "language");
-	        if (language != null)
-	        {
-	        	language = language.trim();
-	        }
+        List<DtoMetadata> dtomList = new ArrayList<DtoMetadata>();

-	        if ("none".equals(qualifier) || "".equals(qualifier))
-	        {
-	            qualifier = null;
-	        }
-	        
-	        // a goofy default, but consistent with DSpace treatment elsewhere  
-	        if (language == null)
-	        {
-	            language = "en";
-	        }
-	        else if ("".equals(language))
-	        {
-	            language = ConfigurationManager.getProperty("default.language");
-	        }
-	        
-		    DtoMetadata dtom = DtoMetadata.create(schema, element, qualifier, language, value);
-		    ItemUpdate.pr(dtom.toString());
-		    dtomList.add(dtom);
-		}
-		return dtomList;
-	}
+        // Get the schema, for backward compatibility we will default to the
+        // dublin core schema if the schema name is not available in the import file
+        String schema = null;
+        NodeList metadata = XPathAPI.selectNodeList(document, "/dublin_core");
+        Node schemaAttr = metadata.item(0).getAttributes().getNamedItem("schema");
+        if (schemaAttr == null) {
+            schema = MetadataSchema.DC_SCHEMA;
+        } else {
+            schema = schemaAttr.getNodeValue();
+        }
+
+        // Get the nodes corresponding to formats
+        NodeList dcNodes = XPathAPI.selectNodeList(document, "/dublin_core/dcvalue");
+
+        for (int i = 0; i < dcNodes.getLength(); i++) {
+            Node n = dcNodes.item(i);
+            String value = getStringValue(n).trim();
+            // compensate for empty value getting read as "null", which won't display
+            if (value == null) {
+                value = "";
+            }
+            String element = getAttributeValue(n, "element");
+            if (element != null) {
+                element = element.trim();
+            }
+            String qualifier = getAttributeValue(n, "qualifier");
+            if (qualifier != null) {
+                qualifier = qualifier.trim();
+            }
+            String language = getAttributeValue(n, "language");
+            if (language != null) {
+                language = language.trim();
+            }
+
+            if ("none".equals(qualifier) || "".equals(qualifier)) {
+                qualifier = null;
+            }
+
+            // a goofy default, but consistent with DSpace treatment elsewhere
+            if (language == null) {
+                language = "en";
+            } else if ("".equals(language)) {
+                language = ConfigurationManager.getProperty("default.language");
+            }
+
+            DtoMetadata dtom = DtoMetadata.create(schema, element, qualifier, language, value);
+            ItemUpdate.pr(dtom.toString());
+            dtomList.add(dtom);
+        }
+        return dtomList;
+    }

    /**
-     *    Write dublin_core.xml 
-     * 
-     * @param docBuilder
-     * @param dtomList
+     * Write dublin_core.xml
+     *
+     * @param docBuilder DocumentBuilder
+     * @param dtomList   List of metadata fields
     * @return xml document
-     * @throws ParserConfigurationException
-     * @throws TransformerConfigurationException
-     * @throws TransformerException
+     * @throws ParserConfigurationException      if parser config error
+     * @throws TransformerConfigurationException if transformer config error
+     * @throws TransformerException              if transformer error
     */
-	public static Document writeDublinCore(DocumentBuilder docBuilder, List<DtoMetadata> dtomList)
-	throws ParserConfigurationException, TransformerConfigurationException, TransformerException
-	{		
+    public static Document writeDublinCore(DocumentBuilder docBuilder, List<DtoMetadata> dtomList)
+        throws ParserConfigurationException, TransformerConfigurationException, TransformerException {
        Document doc = docBuilder.newDocument();
        Element root = doc.createElement("dublin_core");
        doc.appendChild(root);
-    
-        for (DtoMetadata dtom : dtomList)
-        {
-        	Element mel = doc.createElement("dcvalue");
-        	mel.setAttribute("element", dtom.element);
-        	if (dtom.qualifier == null)
-        	{
-        		mel.setAttribute("qualifier", "none");
-        	}
-        	else
-        	{
-        		mel.setAttribute("qualifier", dtom.qualifier);
-        	}
- 
-        	if (StringUtils.isEmpty(dtom.language))
-        	{
-        		mel.setAttribute("language", "en");
-        	}
-        	else
-        	{
-        		mel.setAttribute("language", dtom.language);
-        	}
-        	mel.setTextContent(dtom.value);
-        	root.appendChild(mel);
+
+        for (DtoMetadata dtom : dtomList) {
+            Element mel = doc.createElement("dcvalue");
+            mel.setAttribute("element", dtom.element);
+            if (dtom.qualifier == null) {
+                mel.setAttribute("qualifier", "none");
+            } else {
+                mel.setAttribute("qualifier", dtom.qualifier);
+            }
+
+            if (StringUtils.isEmpty(dtom.language)) {
+                mel.setAttribute("language", "en");
+            } else {
+                mel.setAttribute("language", dtom.language);
+            }
+            mel.setTextContent(dtom.value);
+            root.appendChild(mel);
        }
-        
-        return doc;       
-	}
-	
+
+        return doc;
+    }
+
    /**
-     *   write xml document to output stream
-     * @param doc
-     * @param transformer
-     * @param out
-     * @throws IOException
-     * @throws TransformerException
+     * write xml document to output stream
+     *
+     * @param doc         XML Document
+     * @param transformer XML Transformer
+     * @param out         OutputStream
+     * @throws IOException          if IO Error
+     * @throws TransformerException if Transformer error
     */
-	public static void writeDocument(Document doc, Transformer transformer, OutputStream out)
-	throws IOException, TransformerException
-	{
-        Source src = new DOMSource(doc); 
-        Result dest = new StreamResult(out); 
-        transformer.transform(src, dest); 
-	}
-    
-    
-    
+    public static void writeDocument(Document doc, Transformer transformer, OutputStream out)
+        throws IOException, TransformerException {
+        Source src = new DOMSource(doc);
+        Result dest = new StreamResult(out);
+        transformer.transform(src, dest);
+    }
+
+
    // XML utility methods
+
    /**
     * Lookup an attribute from a DOM node.
-     * @param n
-     * @param name
-     * @return
+     *
+     * @param n    Node
+     * @param name name
+     * @return attribute value
     */
-    private static String getAttributeValue(Node n, String name)
-    {
+    private static String getAttributeValue(Node n, String name) {
        NamedNodeMap nm = n.getAttributes();

-        for (int i = 0; i < nm.getLength(); i++)
-        {
+        for (int i = 0; i < nm.getLength(); i++) {
            Node node = nm.item(i);

-            if (name.equals(node.getNodeName()))
-            {
+            if (name.equals(node.getNodeName())) {
                return node.getNodeValue();
            }
        }

        return "";
    }
-    
+
    /**
     * Return the String value of a Node.
-     * @param node
-     * @return
+     *
+     * @param node node
+     * @return string value
     */
-    private static String getStringValue(Node node)
-    {
+    private static String getStringValue(Node node) {
        String value = node.getNodeValue();

-        if (node.hasChildNodes())
-        {
+        if (node.hasChildNodes()) {
            Node first = node.getFirstChild();

-            if (first.getNodeType() == Node.TEXT_NODE)
-            {
+            if (first.getNodeType() == Node.TEXT_NODE) {
                return first.getNodeValue();
            }
        }

        return value;
    }
-    
+
    /**
     * Rewrite of ItemImport's functionality
     * but just the parsing of the file, not the processing of its elements.
-     *      
-     * @validate  flag to verify matching files in tree
+     *
+     * @param f file
+     * @return list of ContentsEntry
+     * @throws FileNotFoundException if file doesn't exist
+     * @throws IOException           if IO error
+     * @throws ParseException        if parse error
     */
    public static List<ContentsEntry> readContentsFile(File f)
-    throws FileNotFoundException, IOException, ParseException
-    {
-    	List<ContentsEntry> list = new ArrayList<ContentsEntry>();
-    	
-    	BufferedReader in = null;
-    	
-    	try
-    	{
-	    	in = new BufferedReader(new FileReader(f));
-	    	String line = null;
-	    	
-	    	while ((line = in.readLine()) != null)
-	    	{
-	    		line = line.trim();
-	            if ("".equals(line))
-	            {
-	                continue;
-	            }
-	            ItemUpdate.pr("Contents entry: " + line);	            
-	    		list.add(ContentsEntry.parse(line));	 
-	    	}
-    	}
-    	finally
-    	{
-    		try
-    		{
-    			in.close();
-    		}
-    		catch(IOException e)
-    		{
-    			//skip
-    		}
-    	}
-    	
-    	return list;
+        throws FileNotFoundException, IOException, ParseException {
+        List<ContentsEntry> list = new ArrayList<ContentsEntry>();
+
+        BufferedReader in = null;
+
+        try {
+            in = new BufferedReader(new FileReader(f));
+            String line = null;
+
+            while ((line = in.readLine()) != null) {
+                line = line.trim();
+                if ("".equals(line)) {
+                    continue;
+                }
+                ItemUpdate.pr("Contents entry: " + line);
+                list.add(ContentsEntry.parse(line));
+            }
+        } finally {
+            try {
+                in.close();
+            } catch (IOException e) {
+                //skip
+            }
+        }
+
+        return list;
    }

    /**
-     * 
-     * @param f
-     * @throws FileNotFoundException
-     * @throws IOException
+     * @param f file
+     * @return list of lines as strings
+     * @throws FileNotFoundException if file doesn't exist
+     * @throws IOException           if IO Error
     */
    public static List<String> readDeleteContentsFile(File f)
-    throws FileNotFoundException, IOException
-    {
-    	List<String> list = new ArrayList<>();
-    	
-    	BufferedReader in = null;
-    	
-    	try
-    	{
-	    	in = new BufferedReader(new FileReader(f));
-	    	String line = null;
-	    	
-	    	while ((line = in.readLine()) != null)
-	    	{
-	    		line = line.trim();
-	            if ("".equals(line))
-	            {
-	                continue;
-	            }
-	            
+        throws FileNotFoundException, IOException {
+        List<String> list = new ArrayList<>();
+
+        BufferedReader in = null;
+
+        try {
+            in = new BufferedReader(new FileReader(f));
+            String line = null;
+
+            while ((line = in.readLine()) != null) {
+                line = line.trim();
+                if ("".equals(line)) {
+                    continue;
+                }
+
                list.add(line);
-	    	}
-    	}
-    	finally
-    	{
-    		try
-    		{
-    			in.close();
-    		}
-    		catch(IOException e)
-    		{
-    			//skip
-    		}
-    	}
-    	
-    	return list;
+            }
+        } finally {
+            try {
+                in.close();
+            } catch (IOException e) {
+                //skip
+            }
+        }
+
+        return list;
    }

    /**
-     *    Get display of Metadatum    
-	 *
-     * @param dcv
+     * Get display of Metadatum
+     *
+     * @param dcv MetadataValue
     * @return string displaying elements of the Metadatum
     */
-    public static String getDCValueString(MetadataValue dcv)
-    {
+    public static String getDCValueString(MetadataValue dcv) {
        MetadataField metadataField = dcv.getMetadataField();
        MetadataSchema metadataSchema = metadataField.getMetadataSchema();
-        return "schema: " + metadataSchema.getName() + "; element: " + metadataField.getElement() + "; qualifier: " + metadataField.getQualifier() +
-    	       "; language: " + dcv.getLanguage() + "; value: " + dcv.getValue();
+        return "schema: " + metadataSchema.getName() + "; element: " + metadataField
+            .getElement() + "; qualifier: " + metadataField.getQualifier() +
+            "; language: " + dcv.getLanguage() + "; value: " + dcv.getValue();
    }

-	/**
-	 * 
-	 * @return a String representation of the two- or three-part form of a metadata element
-	 *         e.g. dc.identifier.uri
-	 */
-	public static  String getCompoundForm(String schema, String element, String qualifier)
-	{
-		StringBuilder sb = new StringBuilder();
-		sb.append(schema).append(".").append(element);
-		
-		if (qualifier != null)
-		{
-			sb.append(".").append(qualifier);
-		}
-		return sb.toString();
-	}
-	
-	/**
-	 *    Parses metadata field given in the form <schema>.<element>[.<qualifier>|.*]
-	 *    checks for correct number of elements (2 or 3) and for empty strings
-	 *    
-	 *    @return String Array
-	 *    @throws ParseException if validity checks fail
-	 *    
-	 */
-	public static String[] parseCompoundForm(String compoundForm)
-	throws ParseException
-	{
-		String[] ar = compoundForm.split("\\s*\\.\\s*");  //trim ends
-				
-		if ("".equals(ar[0]))
-		{
-			throw new ParseException("schema is empty string: " + compoundForm, 0);
-		}
-		
-		if ((ar.length < 2) || (ar.length > 3) || "".equals(ar[1]))
-		{
-			throw new ParseException("element is malformed or empty string: " + compoundForm, 0);
-		}
-		
-		return ar;
-	}
-	
-} 
+    /**
+     * Return compound form of a metadata field (i.e. schema.element.qualifier)
+     *
+     * @param schema    schema
+     * @param element   element
+     * @param qualifier qualifier
+     * @return a String representation of the two- or three-part form of a metadata element
+     * e.g. dc.identifier.uri
+     */
+    public static String getCompoundForm(String schema, String element, String qualifier) {
+        StringBuilder sb = new StringBuilder();
+        sb.append(schema).append(".").append(element);
+
+        if (qualifier != null) {
+            sb.append(".").append(qualifier);
+        }
+        return sb.toString();
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * Parses metadata field given in the form {@code <schema>.<element>[.<qualifier>|.*]}
+     * checks for correct number of elements (2 or 3) and for empty strings
+     *
+     * @param compoundForm compound form of metadata field
+     * @return String Array
+     * @throws ParseException if validity checks fail
+     */
+    public static String[] parseCompoundForm(String compoundForm)
+        throws ParseException {
+        String[] ar = compoundForm.split("\\s*\\.\\s*");  //trim ends
+
+        if ("".equals(ar[0])) {
+            throw new ParseException("schema is empty string: " + compoundForm, 0);
+        }
+
+        if ((ar.length < 2) || (ar.length > 3) || "".equals(ar[1])) {
+            throw new ParseException("element is malformed or empty string: " + compoundForm, 0);
+        }
+
+        return ar;
+    }
+
+}
--- a/dspace-api/src/main/java/org/dspace/app/itemupdate/OriginalBitstreamFilter.java
+++ b/dspace-api/src/main/java/org/dspace/app/itemupdate/OriginalBitstreamFilter.java
@@ -13,45 +13,37 @@ import java.util.List;
 import org.dspace.content.Bitstream;
 import org.dspace.content.Bundle;

-/** 
- * 		Filter all bitstreams in the ORIGINAL bundle
- *      Also delete all derivative bitstreams, i.e.
- *      all bitstreams in the TEXT and THUMBNAIL bundles
+/**
+ * Filter all bitstreams in the ORIGINAL bundle
+ * Also delete all derivative bitstreams, i.e.
+ * all bitstreams in the TEXT and THUMBNAIL bundles
 */
-public class OriginalBitstreamFilter extends BitstreamFilterByBundleName 
-{	
-	public OriginalBitstreamFilter()
-	{
-		//empty
-	}
-	
-	/**
-	 *   Tests bitstreams for containment in an ORIGINAL bundle
-	 *  
-	 *  @return true if the bitstream is in the ORIGINAL bundle
-	 *  
-	 *  @throws BitstreamFilterException
-	 */
-	@Override
+public class OriginalBitstreamFilter extends BitstreamFilterByBundleName {
+    public OriginalBitstreamFilter() {
+        //empty
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * Tests bitstreams for containment in an ORIGINAL bundle
+     *
+     * @param bitstream Bitstream
+     * @return true if the bitstream is in the ORIGINAL bundle
+     * @throws BitstreamFilterException if filter error
+     */
+    @Override
    public boolean accept(Bitstream bitstream)
-	throws BitstreamFilterException
-	{		
-		try
-		{
-			List<Bundle> bundles = bitstream.getBundles();
-			for (Bundle bundle : bundles)
-			{
-                if (bundle.getName().equals("ORIGINAL"))
-				{
-					return true;
-				}
-			}		
-		}
-		catch(SQLException e)
-		{
-			throw new BitstreamFilterException(e);
-		}
-		return false;
-	}
+        throws BitstreamFilterException {
+        try {
+            List<Bundle> bundles = bitstream.getBundles();
+            for (Bundle bundle : bundles) {
+                if (bundle.getName().equals("ORIGINAL")) {
+                    return true;
+                }
+            }
+        } catch (SQLException e) {
+            throw new BitstreamFilterException(e);
+        }
+        return false;
+    }

 }
--- a/dspace-api/src/main/java/org/dspace/app/itemupdate/OriginalWithDerivativesBitstreamFilter.java
+++ b/dspace-api/src/main/java/org/dspace/app/itemupdate/OriginalWithDerivativesBitstreamFilter.java
@@ -13,50 +13,41 @@ import java.util.List;
 import org.dspace.content.Bitstream;
 import org.dspace.content.Bundle;

-/** 
- * 		Filter all bitstreams in the ORIGINAL bundle
- *      Also delete all derivative bitstreams, i.e.
- *      all bitstreams in the TEXT and THUMBNAIL bundles
+/**
+ * Filter all bitstreams in the ORIGINAL bundle
+ * Also delete all derivative bitstreams, i.e.
+ * all bitstreams in the TEXT and THUMBNAIL bundles
 */
-public class OriginalWithDerivativesBitstreamFilter extends BitstreamFilter 
-{
-    protected String[] bundlesToEmpty = { "ORIGINAL", "TEXT", "THUMBNAIL" };
-	
-	public OriginalWithDerivativesBitstreamFilter()
-	{
-		//empty
-	}
-	
-	/**
-	 * 	Tests bitstream for membership in specified bundles (ORIGINAL, TEXT, THUMBNAIL)
-	 * 
-	 * @param bitstream
-	 * @throws BitstreamFilterException
-	 * @return true if bitstream is in specified bundles
-	 */
-	@Override
+public class OriginalWithDerivativesBitstreamFilter extends BitstreamFilter {
+    protected String[] bundlesToEmpty = {"ORIGINAL", "TEXT", "THUMBNAIL"};
+
+    public OriginalWithDerivativesBitstreamFilter() {
+        //empty
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * Tests bitstream for membership in specified bundles (ORIGINAL, TEXT, THUMBNAIL)
+     *
+     * @param bitstream Bitstream
+     * @return true if bitstream is in specified bundles
+     * @throws BitstreamFilterException if error
+     */
+    @Override
    public boolean accept(Bitstream bitstream)
-	throws BitstreamFilterException
-	{		
-		try
-		{
-			List<Bundle> bundles = bitstream.getBundles();
-			for (Bundle b : bundles)
-			{
-                for (String bn : bundlesToEmpty)
-				{
-					if (b.getName().equals(bn))
-					{
-						return true;
-					}
-				}
-			}		
-		}
-		catch(SQLException e)
-		{
-			throw new BitstreamFilterException(e);
-		}
-		return false;
-	}
+        throws BitstreamFilterException {
+        try {
+            List<Bundle> bundles = bitstream.getBundles();
+            for (Bundle b : bundles) {
+                for (String bn : bundlesToEmpty) {
+                    if (b.getName().equals(bn)) {
+                        return true;
+                    }
+                }
+            }
+        } catch (SQLException e) {
+            throw new BitstreamFilterException(e);
+        }
+        return false;
+    }

 }
--- a/dspace-api/src/main/java/org/dspace/app/itemupdate/ThumbnailBitstreamFilter.java
+++ b/dspace-api/src/main/java/org/dspace/app/itemupdate/ThumbnailBitstreamFilter.java
@@ -10,15 +10,13 @@ package org.dspace.app.itemupdate;
 import java.util.Properties;

 /**
- *    Bitstream filter targetting the THUMBNAIL bundle
- *
+ * Bitstream filter targetting the THUMBNAIL bundle
 */
 public class ThumbnailBitstreamFilter extends BitstreamFilterByBundleName {
-	
-	public ThumbnailBitstreamFilter()
-	{
-		props = new Properties();
-		props.setProperty("bundle", "THUMBNAIL");
-	}
+
+    public ThumbnailBitstreamFilter() {
+        props = new Properties();
+        props.setProperty("bundle", "THUMBNAIL");
+    }

 }
--- a/dspace-api/src/main/java/org/dspace/app/itemupdate/UpdateAction.java
+++ b/dspace-api/src/main/java/org/dspace/app/itemupdate/UpdateAction.java
@@ -12,24 +12,22 @@ import org.dspace.content.service.ItemService;
 import org.dspace.core.Context;

 /**
- *    Interface for actions to update an item
- *
+ * Interface for actions to update an item
 */
-public interface UpdateAction 
-{
+public interface UpdateAction {
    public ItemService itemService = ContentServiceFactory.getInstance().getItemService();


-	/**
-	 *   Action to update item
-	 * 
-	 * @param context
-	 * @param itarch
-	 * @param isTest
-	 * @param suppressUndo
-	 * @throws Exception
-	 */
-	public void execute(Context context, ItemArchive itarch, boolean isTest, boolean suppressUndo) 
-	throws Exception;
-	
+    /**
+     * Action to update item
+     *
+     * @param context      DSpace context
+     * @param itarch       item archive
+     * @param isTest       test flag
+     * @param suppressUndo undo flag
+     * @throws Exception if error
+     */
+    public void execute(Context context, ItemArchive itarch, boolean isTest, boolean suppressUndo)
+        throws Exception;
+
 }
--- a/dspace-api/src/main/java/org/dspace/app/itemupdate/UpdateBitstreamsAction.java
+++ b/dspace-api/src/main/java/org/dspace/app/itemupdate/UpdateBitstreamsAction.java
@@ -12,36 +12,32 @@ import org.dspace.content.service.BitstreamService;
 import org.dspace.content.service.BundleService;

 /**
- * 	  Base class for Bitstream actions
- * 
- *
+ * Base class for Bitstream actions
 */
 public abstract class UpdateBitstreamsAction implements UpdateAction {

-	protected boolean alterProvenance = true;
+    protected boolean alterProvenance = true;


    protected BundleService bundleService = ContentServiceFactory.getInstance().getBundleService();
    protected BitstreamService bitstreamService = ContentServiceFactory.getInstance().getBitstreamService();

-	/**
-	 *        Set variable to indicate that the dc.description.provenance field may 
-	 *        be changed as a result of Bitstream changes by ItemUpdate
-	 * @param alterProvenance
-	 */
-	public void setAlterProvenance(boolean alterProvenance)
-	{
-		this.alterProvenance = alterProvenance;
-	}
-	
-	/**
-	 * 
-	 * @return boolean value to indicate whether the dc.description.provenance field may 
-	 *        be changed as a result of Bitstream changes by ItemUpdate
-	 */
-	public boolean getAlterProvenance()
-	{
-		return alterProvenance;
-	}
+    /**
+     * Set variable to indicate that the dc.description.provenance field may
+     * be changed as a result of Bitstream changes by ItemUpdate
+     *
+     * @param alterProvenance whether to alter provenance
+     */
+    public void setAlterProvenance(boolean alterProvenance) {
+        this.alterProvenance = alterProvenance;
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * @return boolean value to indicate whether the dc.description.provenance field may
+     * be changed as a result of Bitstream changes by ItemUpdate
+     */
+    public boolean getAlterProvenance() {
+        return alterProvenance;
+    }

 }
--- a/dspace-api/src/main/java/org/dspace/app/itemupdate/UpdateMetadataAction.java
+++ b/dspace-api/src/main/java/org/dspace/app/itemupdate/UpdateMetadataAction.java
@@ -11,60 +11,57 @@ import java.util.HashSet;
 import java.util.Set;

 /**
- *   This abstract subclass for metadata actions
- *   maintains a collection for the target metadata fields
- *   expressed as a string in the compound notation ( <schema>.<element>.<qualifier> )
- *   on which to apply the action when the method execute is called.
- * 
- *   Implemented as a Set to avoid problems with duplicates
- * 
+ * This abstract subclass for metadata actions
+ * maintains a collection for the target metadata fields
+ * expressed as a string in the compound notation ( {@code <schema>.<element>.<qualifier>} )
+ * on which to apply the action when the method execute is called.
 *
+ * Implemented as a Set to avoid problems with duplicates
 */
 public abstract class UpdateMetadataAction implements UpdateAction {

-	protected Set<String> targetFields = new HashSet<String>();
-	
+    protected Set<String> targetFields = new HashSet<String>();
+
    /**
-     *   Get target fields
-     *   
+     * Get target fields
+     *
     * @return set of fields to update
     */
-	public Set<String> getTargetFields() {
-		return targetFields;
-	}
+    public Set<String> getTargetFields() {
+        return targetFields;
+    }

-	/**
-	 *   Set target fields
-	 *   
-	 * @param targetFields
-	 */
-	public void addTargetFields(Set<String> targetFields) {
-		for (String tf : targetFields)
-		{
-			this.targetFields.add(tf);
-		}
-		
-	}
+    /**
+     * Set target fields
+     *
+     * @param targetFields Set of target fields to update
+     */
+    public void addTargetFields(Set<String> targetFields) {
+        for (String tf : targetFields) {
+            this.targetFields.add(tf);
+        }

-	/**
-	 *    Add array of target fields to update
-	 * @param targetFields
-	 */
-	public void addTargetFields(String[] targetFields) {
-		for (String tf : targetFields)
-		{
-			this.targetFields.add(tf);
-		}
-		
-	}
+    }

-	/**
-	 *   Add single field to update
-	 * 
-	 * @param targetField
-	 */
-	public void addTargetField(String targetField) {
-			this.targetFields.add(targetField);
-	}
+    /**
+     * Add array of target fields to update
+     *
+     * @param targetFields array of target fields to update
+     */
+    public void addTargetFields(String[] targetFields) {
+        for (String tf : targetFields) {
+            this.targetFields.add(tf);
+        }
+
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * Add single field to update
+     *
+     * @param targetField target field to update
+     */
+    public void addTargetField(String targetField) {
+        this.targetFields.add(targetField);
+    }

 }
--- a/dspace-api/src/main/java/org/dspace/app/launcher/CommandRunner.java
+++ b/dspace-api/src/main/java/org/dspace/app/launcher/CommandRunner.java
@@ -15,23 +15,29 @@ import java.io.Reader;
 import java.io.StreamTokenizer;
 import java.util.ArrayList;
 import java.util.List;
+
 import org.jdom.Document;

 /**
- *
 * @author mwood
 */
-public class CommandRunner
-{
+public class CommandRunner {
+
+    /**
+     * Default constructor
+     */
+    private CommandRunner() { }
+
+    /**
+     * @param args the command line arguments given
+     * @throws IOException           if IO error
+     * @throws FileNotFoundException if file doesn't exist
+     */
    public static void main(String[] args)
-            throws FileNotFoundException, IOException
-    {
-        if (args.length > 0)
-        {
+        throws FileNotFoundException, IOException {
+        if (args.length > 0) {
            runManyCommands(args[0]);
-        }
-        else
-        {
+        } else {
            runManyCommands("-");
        }
        // There is no sensible way to use the status returned by runManyCommands().
@@ -46,22 +52,17 @@ public class CommandRunner
    /**
     * Read a file of command lines and execute each in turn.
     *
-     * @param doc details of recognized commands.
     * @param script the file of command lines to be executed.
-     * @return
-     * @throws FileNotFoundException
-     * @throws IOException 
+     * @return status code
+     * @throws IOException           if IO error
+     * @throws FileNotFoundException if file doesn't exist
     */
    static int runManyCommands(String script)
-            throws FileNotFoundException, IOException
-    {
+        throws FileNotFoundException, IOException {
        Reader input;
-        if ("-".equals(script))
-        {
+        if ("-".equals(script)) {
            input = new InputStreamReader(System.in);
-        }
-        else
-        {
+        } else {
            input = new FileReader(script);
        }

@@ -84,22 +85,16 @@ public class CommandRunner
        int status = 0;
        List<String> tokens = new ArrayList<String>();
        Document commandConfigs = ScriptLauncher.getConfig();
-        while (StreamTokenizer.TT_EOF != tokenizer.nextToken())
-        {
-            if (StreamTokenizer.TT_EOL == tokenizer.ttype)
-            {
-                if (tokens.size() > 0)
-                {
+        while (StreamTokenizer.TT_EOF != tokenizer.nextToken()) {
+            if (StreamTokenizer.TT_EOL == tokenizer.ttype) {
+                if (tokens.size() > 0) {
                    status = ScriptLauncher.runOneCommand(commandConfigs, tokens.toArray(new String[tokens.size()]));
-                    if (status > 0)
-                    {
+                    if (status > 0) {
                        break;
                    }
                    tokens.clear();
                }
-            }
-            else
-            {
+            } else {
                tokens.add(tokenizer.sval);
            }
        }
--- a/dspace-api/src/main/java/org/dspace/app/launcher/ScriptLauncher.java
+++ b/dspace-api/src/main/java/org/dspace/app/launcher/ScriptLauncher.java
@@ -12,6 +12,7 @@ import java.io.IOException;
 import java.lang.reflect.Method;
 import java.util.List;
 import java.util.TreeMap;
+
 import org.dspace.servicemanager.DSpaceKernelImpl;
 import org.dspace.servicemanager.DSpaceKernelInit;
 import org.dspace.services.RequestService;
@@ -25,36 +26,37 @@ import org.jdom.input.SAXBuilder;
 * @author Stuart Lewis
 * @author Mark Diggory
 */
-public class ScriptLauncher
-{
-    /** The service manager kernel */
+public class ScriptLauncher {
+    /**
+     * The service manager kernel
+     */
    private static transient DSpaceKernelImpl kernelImpl;

+    /**
+     * Default constructor
+     */
+    private ScriptLauncher() { }
+
    /**
     * Execute the DSpace script launcher
     *
     * @param args Any parameters required to be passed to the scripts it executes
+     * @throws IOException           if IO error
+     * @throws FileNotFoundException if file doesn't exist
     */
    public static void main(String[] args)
-            throws FileNotFoundException, IOException
-    {
+        throws FileNotFoundException, IOException {
        // Initialise the service manager kernel
-        try
-        {
+        try {
            kernelImpl = DSpaceKernelInit.getKernel(null);
-            if (!kernelImpl.isRunning())
-            {
+            if (!kernelImpl.isRunning()) {
                kernelImpl.start();
            }
-        } catch (Exception e)
-        {
+        } catch (Exception e) {
            // Failed to start so destroy it and log and throw an exception
-            try
-            {
+            try {
                kernelImpl.destroy();
-            }
-            catch (Exception e1)
-            {
+            } catch (Exception e1) {
                // Nothing to do
            }
            String message = "Failure during kernel init: " + e.getMessage();
@@ -67,8 +69,7 @@ public class ScriptLauncher
        Document commandConfigs = getConfig();

        // Check that there is at least one argument (if not display command options)
-        if (args.length < 1)
-        {
+        if (args.length < 1) {
            System.err.println("You must provide at least one command argument");
            display(commandConfigs);
            System.exit(1);
@@ -79,8 +80,7 @@ public class ScriptLauncher
        status = runOneCommand(commandConfigs, args);

        // Destroy the service kernel if it is still alive
-        if (kernelImpl != null)
-        {
+        if (kernelImpl != null) {
            kernelImpl.destroy();
            kernelImpl = null;
        }
@@ -88,28 +88,29 @@ public class ScriptLauncher
        System.exit(status);
    }

+    protected static int runOneCommand(Document commandConfigs, String[] args) {
+        return runOneCommand(commandConfigs, args, kernelImpl);
+    }
+
    /**
     * Recognize and execute a single command.
-     * @param doc
-     * @param args
+     *
+     * @param commandConfigs  Document
+     * @param args the command line arguments given
     */
-    static int runOneCommand(Document commandConfigs, String[] args)
-    {
+    public static int runOneCommand(Document commandConfigs, String[] args, DSpaceKernelImpl kernelImpl) {
        String request = args[0];
        Element root = commandConfigs.getRootElement();
        List<Element> commands = root.getChildren("command");
        Element command = null;
-        for (Element candidate : commands)
-        {
-            if (request.equalsIgnoreCase(candidate.getChild("name").getValue()))
-            {
+        for (Element candidate : commands) {
+            if (request.equalsIgnoreCase(candidate.getChild("name").getValue())) {
                command = candidate;
                break;
            }
        }

-        if (null == command)
-        {
+        if (null == command) {
            // The command wasn't found
            System.err.println("Command not found: " + args[0]);
            display(commandConfigs);
@@ -118,33 +119,26 @@ public class ScriptLauncher

        // Run each step
        List<Element> steps = command.getChildren("step");
-        for (Element step : steps)
-        {
+        for (Element step : steps) {
            // Instantiate the class
            Class target = null;

            // Is it the special case 'dsrun' where the user provides the class name?
            String className;
-            if ("dsrun".equals(request))
-            {
-                if (args.length < 2)
-                {
+            if ("dsrun".equals(request)) {
+                if (args.length < 2) {
                    System.err.println("Error in launcher.xml: Missing class name");
                    return 1;
                }
                className = args[1];
-            }
-            else {
+            } else {
                className = step.getChild("class").getValue();
            }
-            try
-            {
+            try {
                target = Class.forName(className,
                                       true,
                                       Thread.currentThread().getContextClassLoader());
-            }
-            catch (ClassNotFoundException e)
-            {
+            } catch (ClassNotFoundException e) {
                System.err.println("Error in launcher.xml: Invalid class name: " + className);
                return 1;
            }
@@ -155,26 +149,20 @@ public class ScriptLauncher
            Class[] argTypes = {useargs.getClass()};
            boolean passargs = true;
            if ((step.getAttribute("passuserargs") != null) &&
-                ("false".equalsIgnoreCase(step.getAttribute("passuserargs").getValue())))
-            {
+                ("false".equalsIgnoreCase(step.getAttribute("passuserargs").getValue()))) {
                passargs = false;
            }
-            if ((args.length == 1) || (("dsrun".equals(request)) && (args.length == 2)) || (!passargs))
-            {
+            if ((args.length == 1) || (("dsrun".equals(request)) && (args.length == 2)) || (!passargs)) {
                useargs = new String[0];
-            }
-            else
-            {
+            } else {
                // The number of arguments to ignore
                // If dsrun is the command, ignore the next, as it is the class name not an arg
                int x = 1;
-                if ("dsrun".equals(request))
-                {
+                if ("dsrun".equals(request)) {
                    x = 2;
                }
                String[] argsnew = new String[useargs.length - x];
-                for (int i = x; i < useargs.length; i++)
-                {
+                for (int i = x; i < useargs.length; i++) {
                    argsnew[i - x] = useargs[i];
                }
                useargs = argsnew;
@@ -182,16 +170,13 @@ public class ScriptLauncher

            // Add any extra properties
            List<Element> bits = step.getChildren("argument");
-            if (step.getChild("argument") != null)
-            {
+            if (step.getChild("argument") != null) {
                String[] argsnew = new String[useargs.length + bits.size()];
                int i = 0;
-                for (Element arg : bits)
-                {
+                for (Element arg : bits) {
                    argsnew[i++] = arg.getValue();
                }
-                for (; i < bits.size() + useargs.length; i++)
-                {
+                for (; i < bits.size() + useargs.length; i++) {
                    argsnew[i] = useargs[i - bits.size()];
                }
                useargs = argsnew;
@@ -199,11 +184,10 @@ public class ScriptLauncher

            // Establish the request service startup
            RequestService requestService = kernelImpl.getServiceManager().getServiceByName(
-                    RequestService.class.getName(), RequestService.class);
-            if (requestService == null)
-            {
+                RequestService.class.getName(), RequestService.class);
+            if (requestService == null) {
                throw new IllegalStateException(
-                        "Could not get the DSpace RequestService to start the request transaction");
+                    "Could not get the DSpace RequestService to start the request transaction");
            }

            // Establish a request related to the current session
@@ -211,26 +195,23 @@ public class ScriptLauncher
            requestService.startRequest();

            // Run the main() method
-            try
-            {
+            try {
                Object[] arguments = {useargs};

                // Useful for debugging, so left in the code...
                /**System.out.print("About to execute: " + className);
-                for (String param : useargs)
-                {
-                    System.out.print(" " + param);
-                }
-                System.out.println("");**/
+                 for (String param : useargs)
+                 {
+                 System.out.print(" " + param);
+                 }
+                 System.out.println("");**/

                Method main = target.getMethod("main", argTypes);
                main.invoke(null, arguments);

                // ensure we close out the request (happy request)
                requestService.endRequest(null);
-            }
-            catch (Exception e)
-            {
+            } catch (Exception e) {
                // Failure occurred in the request so we destroy it
                requestService.endRequest(e);

@@ -251,20 +232,20 @@ public class ScriptLauncher
     *
     * @return The XML configuration file Document
     */
-    protected static Document getConfig()
-    {
+    protected static Document getConfig() {
+        return getConfig(kernelImpl);
+    }
+
+    public static Document getConfig(DSpaceKernelImpl kernelImpl) {
        // Load the launcher configuration file
        String config = kernelImpl.getConfigurationService().getProperty("dspace.dir") +
-                        System.getProperty("file.separator") + "config" +
-                        System.getProperty("file.separator") + "launcher.xml";
+            System.getProperty("file.separator") + "config" +
+            System.getProperty("file.separator") + "launcher.xml";
        SAXBuilder saxBuilder = new SAXBuilder();
        Document doc = null;
-        try
-        {
+        try {
            doc = saxBuilder.build(config);
-        }
-        catch (Exception e)
-        {
+        } catch (Exception e) {
            System.err.println("Unable to load the launcher configuration file: [dspace]/config/launcher.xml");
            System.err.println(e.getMessage());
            e.printStackTrace();
@@ -275,9 +256,10 @@ public class ScriptLauncher

    /**
     * Display the commands that the current launcher config file knows about
+     *
+     * @param commandConfigs configs as Document
     */
-    private static void display(Document commandConfigs)
-    {
+    private static void display(Document commandConfigs) {
        // List all command elements
        List<Element> commands = commandConfigs.getRootElement().getChildren("command");

@@ -285,17 +267,15 @@ public class ScriptLauncher
        // We cannot just use commands.sort() because it tries to remove and
        // reinsert Elements within other Elements, and that doesn't work.
        TreeMap<String, Element> sortedCommands = new TreeMap<>();
-        for (Element command : commands)
-        {
+        for (Element command : commands) {
            sortedCommands.put(command.getChild("name").getValue(), command);
        }

        // Display the sorted list
        System.out.println("Usage: dspace [command-name] {parameters}");
-        for (Element command : sortedCommands.values())
-        {
+        for (Element command : sortedCommands.values()) {
            System.out.println(" - " + command.getChild("name").getValue() +
-                               ": " + command.getChild("description").getValue());
+                                   ": " + command.getChild("description").getValue());
        }
    }
 }
--- a/dspace-api/src/main/java/org/dspace/app/mediafilter/Brand.java
+++ b/dspace-api/src/main/java/org/dspace/app/mediafilter/Brand.java
@@ -7,12 +7,12 @@
 */
 package org.dspace.app.mediafilter;

-import java.awt.image.BufferedImage;
 import java.awt.Color;
 import java.awt.Font;
 import java.awt.FontMetrics;
 import java.awt.Graphics2D;
 import java.awt.Rectangle;
+import java.awt.image.BufferedImage;

 /**
 * Class to attach a footer to an image using ImageMagick.
@@ -20,143 +20,117 @@ import java.awt.Rectangle;
 * This version of the code is basically Ninh's but reorganised a little. Used with permission.
 */

-public class Brand
-{
-	private int brandWidth;
-	private int brandHeight;
-	private Font font;
-	private int xOffset;
+public class Brand {
+    private int brandWidth;
+    private int brandHeight;
+    private Font font;
+    private int xOffset;

-	/**
-	 * Constructor to set up footer image attributes.
-	 *
-	 * @param brandWidth length of the footer in pixels
-	 * @param brandHeight height of the footer in pixels
-	 * @param font font to use for text on the footer
-	 * @param xOffset number of pixels text should be indented from left-hand side of footer
-	 *
-	 */
-	public Brand(int brandWidth,
-		      int brandHeight,
-		      Font font,
-		      int xOffset)
-	{
-		this.brandWidth = brandWidth;
-		this.brandHeight = brandHeight;
-		this.font = font;
-		this.xOffset = xOffset;
-	}
+    /**
+     * Constructor to set up footer image attributes.
+     *
+     * @param brandWidth  length of the footer in pixels
+     * @param brandHeight height of the footer in pixels
+     * @param font        font to use for text on the footer
+     * @param xOffset     number of pixels text should be indented from left-hand side of footer
+     */
+    public Brand(int brandWidth,
+                 int brandHeight,
+                 Font font,
+                 int xOffset) {
+        this.brandWidth = brandWidth;
+        this.brandHeight = brandHeight;
+        this.font = font;
+        this.xOffset = xOffset;
+    }

-	/**
-	 * Create the brand image
-	 *
-	 * @param brandLeftText text that should appear in the bottom left of the image
-	 * @param shortLeftText abbreviated form of brandLeftText that will be substituted if
-	 *	the image is resized such that brandLeftText will not fit. <code>null</code> if not
-	 *	required
-	 * @param brandRightText text that should appear in the bottom right of the image
-	 *
-	 * @return BufferedImage a BufferedImage object describing the brand image file
-	 */
-	public BufferedImage create(String brandLeftText,
-			   String shortLeftText,
-			   String brandRightText)
-	{
-		BrandText[] allBrandText = null;
+    /**
+     * Create the brand image
+     *
+     * @param brandLeftText  text that should appear in the bottom left of the image
+     * @param shortLeftText  abbreviated form of brandLeftText that will be substituted if
+     *                       the image is resized such that brandLeftText will not fit. <code>null</code> if not
+     *                       required
+     * @param brandRightText text that should appear in the bottom right of the image
+     * @return BufferedImage a BufferedImage object describing the brand image file
+     */
+    public BufferedImage create(String brandLeftText,
+                                String shortLeftText,
+                                String brandRightText) {
+        BrandText[] allBrandText = null;

-		BufferedImage brandImage =
-			new BufferedImage(brandWidth, brandHeight, BufferedImage.TYPE_INT_RGB);
+        BufferedImage brandImage =
+            new BufferedImage(brandWidth, brandHeight, BufferedImage.TYPE_INT_RGB);

-		if (brandWidth >= 350)
-		{
-			allBrandText = new BrandText[]
-			{
-				new BrandText(BrandText.BL, brandLeftText),
-				new BrandText(BrandText.BR, brandRightText)
-			};
-		} 
-		else if (brandWidth >= 190)
-		{
-			allBrandText = new BrandText[]
-			{
-				new BrandText(BrandText.BL, shortLeftText),
-				new BrandText(BrandText.BR, brandRightText)
-			};
-		}
-		else
-		{
-			allBrandText = new BrandText[]
-			{
-				new BrandText(BrandText.BR, brandRightText)
-			};
-		}
+        if (brandWidth >= 350) {
+            allBrandText = new BrandText[] {
+                new BrandText(BrandText.BL, brandLeftText),
+                new BrandText(BrandText.BR, brandRightText)
+            };
+        } else if (brandWidth >= 190) {
+            allBrandText = new BrandText[] {
+                new BrandText(BrandText.BL, shortLeftText),
+                new BrandText(BrandText.BR, brandRightText)
+            };
+        } else {
+            allBrandText = new BrandText[] {
+                new BrandText(BrandText.BR, brandRightText)
+            };
+        }

-		if (allBrandText != null && allBrandText.length > 0)
-		{
-      		for (int i = 0; i < allBrandText.length; ++i)
-			{
-        		drawImage(brandImage, allBrandText[i]);
-      		}
-    	}
+        if (allBrandText != null && allBrandText.length > 0) {
+            for (int i = 0; i < allBrandText.length; ++i) {
+                drawImage(brandImage, allBrandText[i]);
+            }
+        }

-		return brandImage;
-	}
+        return brandImage;
+    }


-	/**
-	 * do the text placements and preparatory work for the brand image generation
-	 *
-	 * @param brandImage a BufferedImage object where the image is created
-	 * @param identifier and Identifier object describing what text is to be placed in what
-	 *	position within the brand
-	 */
-	private void drawImage(BufferedImage brandImage,
-			BrandText brandText)
-	{
-		int imgWidth = brandImage.getWidth();
-		int imgHeight = brandImage.getHeight();
+    /**
+     * do the text placements and preparatory work for the brand image generation
+     *
+     * @param brandImage a BufferedImage object where the image is created
+     * @param identifier and Identifier object describing what text is to be placed in what
+     *                   position within the brand
+     */
+    private void drawImage(BufferedImage brandImage,
+                           BrandText brandText) {
+        int imgWidth = brandImage.getWidth();
+        int imgHeight = brandImage.getHeight();

-		int bx, by, tx, ty, bWidth, bHeight;
+        Graphics2D g2 = brandImage.createGraphics();
+        g2.setFont(font);
+        FontMetrics fm = g2.getFontMetrics();

-		Graphics2D g2 = brandImage.createGraphics();
-		g2.setFont(font);
-		FontMetrics fm = g2.getFontMetrics();
+        int bWidth = fm.stringWidth(brandText.getText()) + xOffset * 2 + 1;
+        int bHeight = fm.getHeight();

+        int bx = 0;
+        int by = 0;

-		bWidth = fm.stringWidth(brandText.getText()) + xOffset * 2 + 1;
-		bHeight = fm.getHeight();
+        if (brandText.getLocation().equals(BrandText.TL)) {
+            bx = 0;
+            by = 0;
+        } else if (brandText.getLocation().equals(BrandText.TR)) {
+            bx = imgWidth - bWidth;
+            by = 0;
+        } else if (brandText.getLocation().equals(BrandText.BL)) {
+            bx = 0;
+            by = imgHeight - bHeight;
+        } else if (brandText.getLocation().equals(BrandText.BR)) {
+            bx = imgWidth - bWidth;
+            by = imgHeight - bHeight;
+        }

-		bx = 0;
-        by = 0;
+        Rectangle box = new Rectangle(bx, by, bWidth, bHeight);
+        int tx = bx + xOffset;
+        int ty = by + fm.getAscent();

-		if (brandText.getLocation().equals(BrandText.TL))
-		{
-			bx = 0;
-			by = 0;
-		}
-		else if (brandText.getLocation().equals(BrandText.TR))
-		{
-			bx = imgWidth - bWidth;
-			by = 0;
-		}
-		else if (brandText.getLocation().equals(BrandText.BL))
-		{
-			bx = 0;
-			by = imgHeight - bHeight;
-		}
-		else if (brandText.getLocation().equals(BrandText.BR))
-		{
-			bx = imgWidth - bWidth;
-			by = imgHeight - bHeight;
-		}
-
-		Rectangle box = new Rectangle(bx, by, bWidth, bHeight);
-		tx = bx + xOffset;
-		ty = by + fm.getAscent();
-
-    	g2.setColor(Color.black);
-		g2.fill(box);
-		g2.setColor(Color.white);
-		g2.drawString(brandText.getText(), tx, ty);
-	}
+        g2.setColor(Color.black);
+        g2.fill(box);
+        g2.setColor(Color.white);
+        g2.drawString(brandText.getText(), tx, ty);
+    }
 }
--- a/dspace-api/src/main/java/org/dspace/app/mediafilter/BrandText.java
+++ b/dspace-api/src/main/java/org/dspace/app/mediafilter/BrandText.java
@@ -13,73 +13,75 @@ package org.dspace.app.mediafilter;
 * This is a copy of Picture Australia's PiObj class re-organised with methods.
 * Thanks to Ninh Nguyen at the National Library for providing the original source.
 */
-class BrandText
-{
-	/** Bottom Left */
-	public static final String BL = "bl";
-	/** Bottom Right */
-	public static final String BR = "br";
-	/** Top Left */
-	public static final String TL = "tl";
-	/** Top Right */
-	public static final String TR = "tr";
+class BrandText {
+    /**
+     * Bottom Left
+     */
+    public static final String BL = "bl";
+    /**
+     * Bottom Right
+     */
+    public static final String BR = "br";
+    /**
+     * Top Left
+     */
+    public static final String TL = "tl";
+    /**
+     * Top Right
+     */
+    public static final String TR = "tr";

-	private String location;
-	private String text;
+    private String location;
+    private String text;

-	/**
-	 * Constructor for an Identifier object containing a text string and
-	 * its location within a rectangular area.
-	 *
-	 * @param location one of the class location constants e.g. <code>Identifier.BL</code>
-	 * @param the text associated with the location
-	 */
-	public BrandText(String location, String text)
-	{
-		this.location = location;
-		this.text = text;
-	}
+    /**
+     * Constructor for an Identifier object containing a text string and
+     * its location within a rectangular area.
+     *
+     * @param location one of the class location constants e.g. <code>Identifier.BL</code>
+     * @param the      text associated with the location
+     */
+    public BrandText(String location, String text) {
+        this.location = location;
+        this.text = text;
+    }

-	/**
-	 * get the location the text of the Identifier object is associated with
-	 *
-	 * @return String one the class location constants e.g. <code>Identifier.BL</code>
-	 */
-	public String getLocation()
-	{
-		return location;
-	}
+    /**
+     * get the location the text of the Identifier object is associated with
+     *
+     * @return String one the class location constants e.g. <code>Identifier.BL</code>
+     */
+    public String getLocation() {
+        return location;
+    }


-	/**
-	 * get the text associated with the Identifier object
-	 *
-	 * @return String the text associated with the Identifier object
-	 */
-	public String getText()
-	{
-		return text;
-	}
+    /**
+     * get the text associated with the Identifier object
+     *
+     * @return String the text associated with the Identifier object
+     */
+    public String getText() {
+        return text;
+    }


-	/**
-	 * set the location associated with the Identifier object
-	 *
-	 * @param location one of the class location constants
-	 */
-	public void setLocation(String location)
-	{
-		this.location = location;
-	}
+    /**
+     * set the location associated with the Identifier object
+     *
+     * @param location one of the class location constants
+     */
+    public void setLocation(String location) {
+        this.location = location;
+    }


-	/**
-	 * set the text associated with the Identifier object
-	 *
-	 * @param text any text string (typically a branding or identifier)
-	 */
-	public void setText(String text)
-	{
-		this.text = text;
-	}
+    /**
+     * set the text associated with the Identifier object
+     *
+     * @param text any text string (typically a branding or identifier)
+     */
+    public void setText(String text) {
+        this.text = text;
+    }
 }
--- a/dspace-api/src/main/java/org/dspace/app/mediafilter/BrandedPreviewJPEGFilter.java
+++ b/dspace-api/src/main/java/org/dspace/app/mediafilter/BrandedPreviewJPEGFilter.java
@@ -7,45 +7,31 @@
 */
 package org.dspace.app.mediafilter;

-import java.awt.Graphics2D;
-import java.awt.Color;
-import java.awt.image.*;
-import java.awt.RenderingHints;
-import java.awt.Transparency;
-import java.awt.Font;
-import java.io.ByteArrayInputStream;
-import java.io.ByteArrayOutputStream;
+import java.awt.image.BufferedImage;
 import java.io.InputStream;
-
 import javax.imageio.ImageIO;

 import org.dspace.content.Item;
 import org.dspace.core.ConfigurationManager;

-import org.dspace.app.mediafilter.JPEGFilter;
-
 /**
 * Filter image bitstreams, scaling the image to be within the bounds of
 * thumbnail.maxwidth, thumbnail.maxheight, the size we want our thumbnail to be
 * no bigger than. Creates only JPEGs.
 *
- * @author Jason Sherman <jsherman@usao.edu>
+ * @author Jason Sherman jsherman@usao.edu
 */
-public class BrandedPreviewJPEGFilter extends MediaFilter
-{
+public class BrandedPreviewJPEGFilter extends MediaFilter {
    @Override
-    public String getFilteredName(String oldFilename)
-    {
+    public String getFilteredName(String oldFilename) {
        return oldFilename + ".preview.jpg";
    }

    /**
     * @return String bundle name
-     *  
     */
    @Override
-    public String getBundleName()
-    {
+    public String getBundleName() {
        return "BRANDED_PREVIEW";
    }

@@ -53,8 +39,7 @@ public class BrandedPreviewJPEGFilter extends MediaFilter
     * @return String bitstreamformat
     */
    @Override
-    public String getFormatString()
-    {
+    public String getFormatString() {
        return "JPEG";
    }

@@ -62,39 +47,40 @@ public class BrandedPreviewJPEGFilter extends MediaFilter
     * @return String description
     */
    @Override
-    public String getDescription()
-    {
+    public String getDescription() {
        return "Generated Branded Preview";
    }

-   
+
    /**
-     * @param source
-     *            source input stream
-     * 
+     * @param currentItem item
+     * @param source      source input stream
+     * @param verbose     verbose mode
     * @return InputStream the resulting input stream
+     * @throws Exception if error
     */
    @Override
    public InputStream getDestinationStream(Item currentItem, InputStream source, boolean verbose)
-            throws Exception
-    {
+        throws Exception {
        // read in bitstream's image
        BufferedImage buf = ImageIO.read(source);

        // get config params
        float xmax = (float) ConfigurationManager
-                .getIntProperty("webui.preview.maxwidth");
+            .getIntProperty("webui.preview.maxwidth");
        float ymax = (float) ConfigurationManager
-                .getIntProperty("webui.preview.maxheight");
+            .getIntProperty("webui.preview.maxheight");
        boolean blurring = (boolean) ConfigurationManager
-                .getBooleanProperty("webui.preview.blurring");
+            .getBooleanProperty("webui.preview.blurring");
        boolean hqscaling = (boolean) ConfigurationManager
-                .getBooleanProperty("webui.preview.hqscaling");
+            .getBooleanProperty("webui.preview.hqscaling");
        int brandHeight = ConfigurationManager.getIntProperty("webui.preview.brand.height");
        String brandFont = ConfigurationManager.getProperty("webui.preview.brand.font");
        int brandFontPoint = ConfigurationManager.getIntProperty("webui.preview.brand.fontpoint");
-        
+
        JPEGFilter jpegFilter = new JPEGFilter();
-        return jpegFilter.getThumbDim(currentItem, buf, verbose, xmax, ymax, blurring, hqscaling, brandHeight, brandFontPoint, brandFont);
+        return jpegFilter
+            .getThumbDim(currentItem, buf, verbose, xmax, ymax, blurring, hqscaling, brandHeight, brandFontPoint,
+                         brandFont);
    }
 }
--- a/dspace-api/src/main/java/org/dspace/app/mediafilter/ExcelFilter.java
+++ b/dspace-api/src/main/java/org/dspace/app/mediafilter/ExcelFilter.java
@@ -11,12 +11,11 @@ import java.io.InputStream;
 import java.nio.charset.StandardCharsets;

 import org.apache.commons.io.IOUtils;
+import org.apache.log4j.Logger;
 import org.apache.poi.POITextExtractor;
 import org.apache.poi.extractor.ExtractorFactory;
 import org.apache.poi.hssf.extractor.ExcelExtractor;
 import org.apache.poi.xssf.extractor.XSSFExcelExtractor;
-
-import org.apache.log4j.Logger;
 import org.dspace.content.Item;

 /*
@@ -35,76 +34,62 @@ import org.dspace.content.Item;
 * filter.org.dspace.app.mediafilter.ExcelFilter.inputFormats = Microsoft Excel, Microsoft Excel XML
 *
 */
-public class ExcelFilter extends MediaFilter
-{
+public class ExcelFilter extends MediaFilter {

    private static Logger log = Logger.getLogger(ExcelFilter.class);

-    public String getFilteredName(String oldFilename)
-    {
+    public String getFilteredName(String oldFilename) {
        return oldFilename + ".txt";
    }

    /**
     * @return String bundle name
-     * 
     */
-    public String getBundleName()
-    {
+    public String getBundleName() {
        return "TEXT";
    }

    /**
     * @return String bitstream format
-     * 
-     *
     */
-    public String getFormatString()
-    {
+    public String getFormatString() {
        return "Text";
    }

    /**
     * @return String description
     */
-    public String getDescription()
-    {
+    public String getDescription() {
        return "Extracted text";
    }

    /**
-     * @param source
-     *            source input stream
-     * 
+     * @param item    item
+     * @param source  source input stream
+     * @param verbose verbose mode
     * @return InputStream the resulting input stream
+     * @throws Exception if error
     */
+    @Override
    public InputStream getDestinationStream(Item item, InputStream source, boolean verbose)
-            throws Exception
-    {
+        throws Exception {
        String extractedText = null;

-        try
-        {
+        try {
            POITextExtractor theExtractor = ExtractorFactory.createExtractor(source);
-            if (theExtractor instanceof ExcelExtractor)
-            {
+            if (theExtractor instanceof ExcelExtractor) {
                // for xls file
                extractedText = (theExtractor).getText();
-            }
-            else if (theExtractor instanceof XSSFExcelExtractor)
-            {
+            } else if (theExtractor instanceof XSSFExcelExtractor) {
                // for xlsx file
                extractedText = (theExtractor).getText();
            }
-        }
-        catch (Exception e)
-        {
+        } catch (Exception e) {
            log.error("Error filtering bitstream: " + e.getMessage(), e);
            throw e;
        }

-        if (extractedText != null)
-        {
+        if (extractedText != null) {
            // generate an input stream with the extracted text
            return IOUtils.toInputStream(extractedText, StandardCharsets.UTF_8);
        }
--- a/dspace-api/src/main/java/org/dspace/app/mediafilter/FormatFilter.java
+++ b/dspace-api/src/main/java/org/dspace/app/mediafilter/FormatFilter.java
@@ -14,72 +14,70 @@ import org.dspace.content.Item;
 import org.dspace.core.Context;

 /**
- * Public interface for any class which transforms or converts content/bitstreams 
+ * Public interface for any class which transforms or converts content/bitstreams
 * from one format to another.  This interface should be implemented by any class
 * which defines a "filter" to be run by the MediaFilterManager.
 */
-public interface FormatFilter
-{
+public interface FormatFilter {
    /**
     * Get a filename for a newly created filtered bitstream
-     * 
-     * @param sourceName
-     *            name of source bitstream
+     *
+     * @param sourceName name of source bitstream
     * @return filename generated by the filter - for example, document.pdf
-     *         becomes document.pdf.txt
+     * becomes document.pdf.txt
     */
    public String getFilteredName(String sourceName);

    /**
     * @return name of the bundle this filter will stick its generated
-     *         Bitstreams
+     * Bitstreams
     */
    public String getBundleName();

    /**
     * @return name of the bitstream format (say "HTML" or "Microsoft Word")
-     *         returned by this filter look in the bitstream format registry or
-     *         mediafilter.cfg for valid format strings.
+     * returned by this filter look in the bitstream format registry or
+     * mediafilter.cfg for valid format strings.
     */
    public String getFormatString();

    /**
-     * @return string to describe the newly-generated Bitstream's - how it was
-     *         produced is a good idea
+     * @return string to describe the newly-generated Bitstream - how it was
+     * produced is a good idea
     */
    public String getDescription();

    /**
-     * @param source
-     *            input stream
-     * 
-     * @return result of filter's transformation, written out to a bitstream
+     * Read the source stream and produce the filtered content.
+     *
+     * @param item    Item
+     * @param source  input stream
+     * @param verbose verbosity flag
+     * @return result of filter's transformation as a byte stream.
+     * @throws Exception if error
     */
    public InputStream getDestinationStream(Item item, InputStream source, boolean verbose)
-            throws Exception;
+        throws Exception;

    /**
-     * Perform any pre-processing of the source bitstream *before* the actual 
+     * Perform any pre-processing of the source bitstream *before* the actual
     * filtering takes place in MediaFilterManager.processBitstream().
     * <p>
     * Return true if pre-processing is successful (or no pre-processing
     * is necessary).  Return false if bitstream should be skipped
     * for any reason.
-     * 
-     * 
-     * @param c
-     *            context
-     * @param item
-     *            item containing bitstream to process
-     * @param source
-     *            source bitstream to be processed
-     * 
-     * @return true if bitstream processing should continue, 
-     * 			false if this bitstream should be skipped
+     *
+     * @param c       context
+     * @param item    item containing bitstream to process
+     * @param source  source bitstream to be processed
+     * @param verbose verbose mode
+     * @return true if bitstream processing should continue,
+     * false if this bitstream should be skipped
+     * @throws Exception if error
     */
    public boolean preProcessBitstream(Context c, Item item, Bitstream source, boolean verbose)
-            throws Exception;
-        
+        throws Exception;
+
    /**
     * Perform any post-processing of the generated bitstream *after* this
     * filter has already been run.
@@ -87,17 +85,14 @@ public interface FormatFilter
     * Return true if pre-processing is successful (or no pre-processing
     * is necessary).  Return false if bitstream should be skipped
     * for some reason.
-     * 
-     * 
-     * @param c
-     *            context
-     * @param item
-     *            item containing bitstream to process
-     * @param generatedBitstream
-     *            the bitstream which was generated by
-     *            this filter.
+     *
+     * @param c                  context
+     * @param item               item containing bitstream to process
+     * @param generatedBitstream the bitstream which was generated by
+     *                           this filter.
+     * @throws Exception if error
     */
    public void postProcessBitstream(Context c, Item item, Bitstream generatedBitstream)
-            throws Exception;
+        throws Exception;
 }

--- a/dspace-api/src/main/java/org/dspace/app/mediafilter/HTMLFilter.java
+++ b/dspace-api/src/main/java/org/dspace/app/mediafilter/HTMLFilter.java
@@ -7,36 +7,31 @@
 */
 package org.dspace.app.mediafilter;

-import org.dspace.content.Item;
-
 import java.io.ByteArrayInputStream;
 import java.io.InputStream;
-
 import javax.swing.text.Document;
 import javax.swing.text.html.HTMLEditorKit;

+import org.dspace.content.Item;
+
 /*
- * 
+ *
 * to do: helpful error messages - can't find mediafilter.cfg - can't
 * instantiate filter - bitstream format doesn't exist
- *  
+ *
 */
-public class HTMLFilter extends MediaFilter
-{
+public class HTMLFilter extends MediaFilter {

    @Override
-    public String getFilteredName(String oldFilename)
-    {
+    public String getFilteredName(String oldFilename) {
        return oldFilename + ".txt";
    }

    /**
     * @return String bundle name
-     *  
     */
    @Override
-    public String getBundleName()
-    {
+    public String getBundleName() {
        return "TEXT";
    }

@@ -44,8 +39,7 @@ public class HTMLFilter extends MediaFilter
     * @return String bitstreamformat
     */
    @Override
-    public String getFormatString()
-    {
+    public String getFormatString() {
        return "Text";
    }

@@ -53,21 +47,20 @@ public class HTMLFilter extends MediaFilter
     * @return String description
     */
    @Override
-    public String getDescription()
-    {
+    public String getDescription() {
        return "Extracted text";
    }

    /**
-     * @param source
-     *            source input stream
-     * 
+     * @param currentItem item
+     * @param source      source input stream
+     * @param verbose     verbose mode
     * @return InputStream the resulting input stream
+     * @throws Exception if error
     */
    @Override
    public InputStream getDestinationStream(Item currentItem, InputStream source, boolean verbose)
-            throws Exception
-    {
+        throws Exception {
        // try and read the document - set to ignore character set directive,
        // assuming that the input stream is already set properly (I hope)
        HTMLEditorKit kit = new HTMLEditorKit();
--- a/dspace-api/src/main/java/org/dspace/app/mediafilter/ImageMagickImageThumbnailFilter.java
+++ b/dspace-api/src/main/java/org/dspace/app/mediafilter/ImageMagickImageThumbnailFilter.java
@@ -7,51 +7,46 @@
 */
 package org.dspace.app.mediafilter;

-import org.dspace.content.Item;
-
 import java.io.ByteArrayInputStream;
 import java.io.File;
 import java.io.InputStream;
 import java.nio.file.Files;

+import org.dspace.content.Item;
+

 /**
 * Filter image bitstreams, scaling the image to be within the bounds of
 * thumbnail.maxwidth, thumbnail.maxheight, the size we want our thumbnail to be
 * no bigger than. Creates only JPEGs.
 */
-public class ImageMagickImageThumbnailFilter extends ImageMagickThumbnailFilter 
-{
+public class ImageMagickImageThumbnailFilter extends ImageMagickThumbnailFilter {

    /**
-     * @param source
-     *            source input stream
-     * 
+     * @param currentItem item
+     * @param source      source input stream
+     * @param verbose     verbose mode
     * @return InputStream the resulting input stream
+     * @throws Exception if error
     */
    @Override
    public InputStream getDestinationStream(Item currentItem, InputStream source, boolean verbose)
-            throws Exception
-    {
-		File f = inputStreamToTempFile(source, "imthumb", ".tmp");
-    	File f2 = null;
-	    try
-	    {
-		    f2 = getThumbnailFile(f, verbose);
-		    byte[] bytes = Files.readAllBytes(f2.toPath());
-		    return new ByteArrayInputStream(bytes);
-	    }
-	    finally
-	    {
-		    //noinspection ResultOfMethodCallIgnored
-		    f.delete();
-		    if (f2 != null)
-		    {
-			    //noinspection ResultOfMethodCallIgnored
-			    f2.delete();
-		    }
-	    }
-	}
+        throws Exception {
+        File f = inputStreamToTempFile(source, "imthumb", ".tmp");
+        File f2 = null;
+        try {
+            f2 = getThumbnailFile(f, verbose);
+            byte[] bytes = Files.readAllBytes(f2.toPath());
+            return new ByteArrayInputStream(bytes);
+        } finally {
+            //noinspection ResultOfMethodCallIgnored
+            f.delete();
+            if (f2 != null) {
+                //noinspection ResultOfMethodCallIgnored
+                f2.delete();
+            }
+        }
+    }


 }
--- a/dspace-api/src/main/java/org/dspace/app/mediafilter/ImageMagickPdfThumbnailFilter.java
+++ b/dspace-api/src/main/java/org/dspace/app/mediafilter/ImageMagickPdfThumbnailFilter.java
@@ -7,50 +7,37 @@
 */
 package org.dspace.app.mediafilter;

-import org.dspace.content.Item;
-
 import java.io.ByteArrayInputStream;
 import java.io.File;
 import java.io.InputStream;
 import java.nio.file.Files;

+import org.dspace.content.Item;
+
 public class ImageMagickPdfThumbnailFilter extends ImageMagickThumbnailFilter {
-   @Override
-   public InputStream getDestinationStream(Item currentItem, InputStream source, boolean verbose)
-        throws Exception
-    {
-		File f = inputStreamToTempFile(source, "impdfthumb", ".pdf");
-		File f2 = null;
-	    File f3 = null;
-	    try
-	    {
-		    f2 = getImageFile(f, 0, verbose);
-		    f3 = getThumbnailFile(f2, verbose);
-		    byte[] bytes = Files.readAllBytes(f3.toPath());
-		    return new ByteArrayInputStream(bytes);
-	    }
-		finally
-	    {
-		    //noinspection ResultOfMethodCallIgnored
-		    f.delete();
-		    if (f2 != null)
-		    {
-			    //noinspection ResultOfMethodCallIgnored
-			    f2.delete();
-		    }
-		    if (f3 != null)
-		    {
-			    //noinspection ResultOfMethodCallIgnored
-			    f3.delete();
-		    }
-	    }
+    @Override
+    public InputStream getDestinationStream(Item currentItem, InputStream source, boolean verbose)
+        throws Exception {
+        File f = inputStreamToTempFile(source, "impdfthumb", ".pdf");
+        File f2 = null;
+        File f3 = null;
+        try {
+            f2 = getImageFile(f, 0, verbose);
+            f3 = getThumbnailFile(f2, verbose);
+            byte[] bytes = Files.readAllBytes(f3.toPath());
+            return new ByteArrayInputStream(bytes);
+        } finally {
+            //noinspection ResultOfMethodCallIgnored
+            f.delete();
+            if (f2 != null) {
+                //noinspection ResultOfMethodCallIgnored
+                f2.delete();
+            }
+            if (f3 != null) {
+                //noinspection ResultOfMethodCallIgnored
+                f3.delete();
+            }
+        }
    }

-   public static final String[] PDF = {"Adobe PDF"};
-   @Override
-   public String[] getInputMIMETypes()
-  {
-      return PDF;
-  }
-
 }
--- a/dspace-api/src/main/java/org/dspace/app/mediafilter/ImageMagickThumbnailFilter.java
+++ b/dspace-api/src/main/java/org/dspace/app/mediafilter/ImageMagickThumbnailFilter.java
@@ -14,72 +14,70 @@ import java.io.InputStream;
 import java.util.regex.Pattern;
 import java.util.regex.PatternSyntaxException;

-import javax.imageio.ImageIO;
-
 import org.dspace.content.Bitstream;
 import org.dspace.content.Bundle;
 import org.dspace.content.Item;
 import org.dspace.content.factory.ContentServiceFactory;
 import org.dspace.content.service.ItemService;
+import org.dspace.core.ConfigurationManager;
 import org.dspace.core.Context;
 import org.im4java.core.ConvertCmd;
 import org.im4java.core.IM4JavaException;
 import org.im4java.core.IMOperation;
+import org.im4java.core.Info;
 import org.im4java.process.ProcessStarter;

-import org.dspace.core.ConfigurationManager;
-
 /**
 * Filter image bitstreams, scaling the image to be within the bounds of
 * thumbnail.maxwidth, thumbnail.maxheight, the size we want our thumbnail to be
 * no bigger than. Creates only JPEGs.
 */
-public abstract class ImageMagickThumbnailFilter extends MediaFilter implements SelfRegisterInputFormats
-{
-	protected static int width = 180;
+public abstract class ImageMagickThumbnailFilter extends MediaFilter {
+    protected static int width = 180;
    protected static int height = 120;
-	private static boolean flatten = true;
-	static String bitstreamDescription = "IM Thumbnail";
-	static final String defaultPattern = "Generated Thumbnail";
-	static Pattern replaceRegex = Pattern.compile(defaultPattern);
+    private static boolean flatten = true;
+    static String bitstreamDescription = "IM Thumbnail";
+    static final String defaultPattern = "Generated Thumbnail";
+    static Pattern replaceRegex = Pattern.compile(defaultPattern);
    protected final ItemService itemService = ContentServiceFactory.getInstance().getItemService();
-	
-	static {
-		String pre = ImageMagickThumbnailFilter.class.getName();
-		String s = ConfigurationManager.getProperty(pre + ".ProcessStarter");
-		ProcessStarter.setGlobalSearchPath(s);
-		width = ConfigurationManager.getIntProperty("thumbnail.maxwidth", width);
-		height = ConfigurationManager.getIntProperty("thumbnail.maxheight", height);
-                flatten = ConfigurationManager.getBooleanProperty(pre + ".flatten", flatten);
-		String description = ConfigurationManager.getProperty(pre + ".bitstreamDescription");
-		if (description != null) {
-			bitstreamDescription = description;
-		}
-		try {
-			String patt = ConfigurationManager.getProperty(pre + ".replaceRegex");
-		    replaceRegex = Pattern.compile(patt == null ? defaultPattern : patt);
-		} catch(PatternSyntaxException e) {
-			System.err.println("Invalid thumbnail replacement pattern: "+e.getMessage());
-		}
-	}
-	
-	public ImageMagickThumbnailFilter() {
-	}
-	
-	
+
+    static String cmyk_profile;
+    static String srgb_profile;
+
+    static {
+        String pre = ImageMagickThumbnailFilter.class.getName();
+        String s = ConfigurationManager.getProperty(pre + ".ProcessStarter");
+        ProcessStarter.setGlobalSearchPath(s);
+        width = ConfigurationManager.getIntProperty("thumbnail.maxwidth", width);
+        height = ConfigurationManager.getIntProperty("thumbnail.maxheight", height);
+        flatten = ConfigurationManager.getBooleanProperty(pre + ".flatten", flatten);
+        String description = ConfigurationManager.getProperty(pre + ".bitstreamDescription");
+        cmyk_profile = ConfigurationManager.getProperty(pre + ".cmyk_profile");
+        srgb_profile = ConfigurationManager.getProperty(pre + ".srgb_profile");
+        if (description != null) {
+            bitstreamDescription = description;
+        }
+        try {
+            String patt = ConfigurationManager.getProperty(pre + ".replaceRegex");
+            replaceRegex = Pattern.compile(patt == null ? defaultPattern : patt);
+        } catch (PatternSyntaxException e) {
+            System.err.println("Invalid thumbnail replacement pattern: " + e.getMessage());
+        }
+    }
+
+    public ImageMagickThumbnailFilter() {
+    }
+
    @Override
-    public String getFilteredName(String oldFilename)
-    {
+    public String getFilteredName(String oldFilename) {
        return oldFilename + ".jpg";
    }

    /**
     * @return String bundle name
-     *  
     */
    @Override
-    public String getBundleName()
-    {
+    public String getBundleName() {
        return "THUMBNAIL";
    }

@@ -87,8 +85,7 @@ public abstract class ImageMagickThumbnailFilter extends MediaFilter implements
     * @return String bitstreamformat
     */
    @Override
-    public String getFormatString()
-    {
+    public String getFormatString() {
        return "JPEG";
    }

@@ -96,113 +93,110 @@ public abstract class ImageMagickThumbnailFilter extends MediaFilter implements
     * @return String bitstreamDescription
     */
    @Override
-    public String getDescription()
-    {
+    public String getDescription() {
        return bitstreamDescription;
    }

    public File inputStreamToTempFile(InputStream source, String prefix, String suffix) throws IOException {
-		File f = File.createTempFile(prefix, suffix);
-		f.deleteOnExit();
-    	FileOutputStream fos = new FileOutputStream(f);
-    	
-    	byte[] buffer = new byte[1024];
-    	int len = source.read(buffer);
-    	while (len != -1) {
-    		fos.write(buffer, 0, len);
-    		len = source.read(buffer);
-    	}
-    	fos.close();
-		return f;
-    }
-    
-    public File getThumbnailFile(File f, boolean verbose) throws IOException, InterruptedException, IM4JavaException {
-    	File f2 = new File(f.getParentFile(), f.getName() + ".jpg");
-    	f2.deleteOnExit();
-    	ConvertCmd cmd = new ConvertCmd();
-		IMOperation op = new IMOperation();
-		op.addImage(f.getAbsolutePath());
-		op.thumbnail(width, height);
-		op.addImage(f2.getAbsolutePath());
-        if (verbose) {
-		    System.out.println("IM Thumbnail Param: "+op);
+        File f = File.createTempFile(prefix, suffix);
+        f.deleteOnExit();
+        FileOutputStream fos = new FileOutputStream(f);
+
+        byte[] buffer = new byte[1024];
+        int len = source.read(buffer);
+        while (len != -1) {
+            fos.write(buffer, 0, len);
+            len = source.read(buffer);
        }
-		cmd.run(op);
-		return f2;
+        fos.close();
+        return f;
    }
-    
-    public File getImageFile(File f, int page, boolean verbose) throws IOException, InterruptedException, IM4JavaException {
-    	File f2 = new File(f.getParentFile(), f.getName() + ".jpg");
-    	f2.deleteOnExit();
-    	ConvertCmd cmd = new ConvertCmd();
-		IMOperation op = new IMOperation();
-		String s = "[" + page + "]";
-		op.addImage(f.getAbsolutePath()+s);
-                if (flatten)
-                {
-                    op.flatten();
-                }
-		op.addImage(f2.getAbsolutePath());
+
+    public File getThumbnailFile(File f, boolean verbose)
+        throws IOException, InterruptedException, IM4JavaException {
+        File f2 = new File(f.getParentFile(), f.getName() + ".jpg");
+        f2.deleteOnExit();
+        ConvertCmd cmd = new ConvertCmd();
+        IMOperation op = new IMOperation();
+        op.autoOrient();
+        op.addImage(f.getAbsolutePath());
+        op.thumbnail(width, height);
+        op.addImage(f2.getAbsolutePath());
        if (verbose) {
-		    System.out.println("IM Image Param: "+op);
+            System.out.println("IM Thumbnail Param: " + op);
        }
-		cmd.run(op);
-		return f2;
+        cmd.run(op);
+        return f2;
    }
-    
+
+    public File getImageFile(File f, int page, boolean verbose)
+        throws IOException, InterruptedException, IM4JavaException {
+        File f2 = new File(f.getParentFile(), f.getName() + ".jpg");
+        f2.deleteOnExit();
+        ConvertCmd cmd = new ConvertCmd();
+        IMOperation op = new IMOperation();
+        String s = "[" + page + "]";
+        op.addImage(f.getAbsolutePath() + s);
+        if (flatten) {
+            op.flatten();
+        }
+        // PDFs using the CMYK color system can be handled specially if
+        // profiles are defined
+        if (cmyk_profile != null && srgb_profile != null) {
+            Info imageInfo = new Info(f.getAbsolutePath(), true);
+            String imageClass = imageInfo.getImageClass();
+            if (imageClass.contains("CMYK")) {
+                op.profile(cmyk_profile);
+                op.profile(srgb_profile);
+            }
+        }
+        op.addImage(f2.getAbsolutePath());
+        if (verbose) {
+            System.out.println("IM Image Param: " + op);
+        }
+        cmd.run(op);
+        return f2;
+    }
+
    @Override
-    public boolean preProcessBitstream(Context c, Item item, Bitstream source, boolean verbose)
-            throws Exception
-    {
-    	String nsrc = source.getName();
-    	for(Bundle b: itemService.getBundles(item, "THUMBNAIL")) {
-    		for(Bitstream bit: b.getBitstreams()) {
+    public boolean preProcessBitstream(Context c, Item item, Bitstream source, boolean verbose) throws Exception {
+        String nsrc = source.getName();
+        for (Bundle b : itemService.getBundles(item, "THUMBNAIL")) {
+            for (Bitstream bit : b.getBitstreams()) {
                String n = bit.getName();
-    			if (n != null) {
-    				if (nsrc != null) {
-    					if (!n.startsWith(nsrc)) continue;
-    				}
-    			}
-     	    	String description = bit.getDescription();
-    	    	//If anything other than a generated thumbnail is found, halt processing
-    	    	if (description != null) {
-        	    	if (replaceRegex.matcher(description).matches()) {
-        	            if (verbose) {
-        	    		    System.out.println(description + " " + nsrc + " matches pattern and is replacable.");
-        	            }
-        	    		continue;
-        	    	}
-        	    	if (description.equals(bitstreamDescription)) {
-        	            if (verbose) {
-        	    		    System.out.println(bitstreamDescription + " " + nsrc + " is replacable.");
-        	            }
-        	    		continue;    	    		
-        	    	}
-    	    	}
-    			System.out.println("Custom Thumbnail exists for " + nsrc + " for item " + item.getHandle() + ".  Thumbnail will not be generated. ");
-    			return false;
-    		}
-    	}
-    	
-    	
-        return true; //assume that the thumbnail is a custom one
+                if (n != null) {
+                    if (nsrc != null) {
+                        if (!n.startsWith(nsrc)) {
+                            continue;
+                        }
+                    }
+                }
+                String description = bit.getDescription();
+                // If anything other than a generated thumbnail
+                // is found, halt processing
+                if (description != null) {
+                    if (replaceRegex.matcher(description).matches()) {
+                        if (verbose) {
+                            System.out.println(description + " " + nsrc
+                                                   + " matches pattern and is replacable.");
+                        }
+                        continue;
+                    }
+                    if (description.equals(bitstreamDescription)) {
+                        if (verbose) {
+                            System.out.println(bitstreamDescription + " " + nsrc
+                                                   + " is replacable.");
+                        }
+                        continue;
+                    }
+                }
+                System.out.println("Custom Thumbnail exists for " + nsrc + " for item "
+                                       + item.getHandle() + ".  Thumbnail will not be generated. ");
+                return false;
+            }
+        }
+
+        return true; // assume that the thumbnail is a custom one
    }

-     @Override
-     public String[] getInputMIMETypes()
-    {
-        return ImageIO.getReaderMIMETypes();
-    }
-
-    @Override
-    public String[] getInputDescriptions()
-    {
-        return null;
-    }
-
-    @Override
-    public String[] getInputExtensions()
-    {
-        return ImageIO.getReaderFileSuffixes();
-    }
 }
--- a/dspace-api/src/main/java/org/dspace/app/mediafilter/JPEGFilter.java
+++ b/dspace-api/src/main/java/org/dspace/app/mediafilter/JPEGFilter.java
@@ -7,16 +7,18 @@
 */
 package org.dspace.app.mediafilter;

-import java.awt.Graphics2D;
 import java.awt.Color;
-import java.awt.image.*;
+import java.awt.Font;
+import java.awt.Graphics2D;
 import java.awt.RenderingHints;
 import java.awt.Transparency;
-import java.awt.Font;
+import java.awt.image.BufferedImage;
+import java.awt.image.BufferedImageOp;
+import java.awt.image.ConvolveOp;
+import java.awt.image.Kernel;
 import java.io.ByteArrayInputStream;
 import java.io.ByteArrayOutputStream;
 import java.io.InputStream;
-
 import javax.imageio.ImageIO;

 import org.dspace.content.Item;
@@ -27,23 +29,19 @@ import org.dspace.core.ConfigurationManager;
 * thumbnail.maxwidth, thumbnail.maxheight, the size we want our thumbnail to be
 * no bigger than. Creates only JPEGs.
 *
- * @author Jason Sherman <jsherman@usao.edu>
+ * @author Jason Sherman jsherman@usao.edu
 */
-public class JPEGFilter extends MediaFilter implements SelfRegisterInputFormats
-{
+public class JPEGFilter extends MediaFilter implements SelfRegisterInputFormats {
    @Override
-    public String getFilteredName(String oldFilename)
-    {
+    public String getFilteredName(String oldFilename) {
        return oldFilename + ".jpg";
    }

    /**
     * @return String bundle name
-     *  
     */
    @Override
-    public String getBundleName()
-    {
+    public String getBundleName() {
        return "THUMBNAIL";
    }

@@ -51,8 +49,7 @@ public class JPEGFilter extends MediaFilter implements SelfRegisterInputFormats
     * @return String bitstreamformat
     */
    @Override
-    public String getFormatString()
-    {
+    public String getFormatString() {
        return "JPEG";
    }

@@ -60,21 +57,20 @@ public class JPEGFilter extends MediaFilter implements SelfRegisterInputFormats
     * @return String description
     */
    @Override
-    public String getDescription()
-    {
+    public String getDescription() {
        return "Generated Thumbnail";
    }

    /**
-     * @param source
-     *            source input stream
-     * 
+     * @param currentItem item
+     * @param source      source input stream
+     * @param verbose     verbose mode
     * @return InputStream the resulting input stream
+     * @throws Exception if error
     */
    @Override
    public InputStream getDestinationStream(Item currentItem, InputStream source, boolean verbose)
-            throws Exception
-    {
+        throws Exception {
        // read in bitstream's image
        BufferedImage buf = ImageIO.read(source);

@@ -82,45 +78,42 @@ public class JPEGFilter extends MediaFilter implements SelfRegisterInputFormats
    }

    public InputStream getThumb(Item currentItem, BufferedImage buf, boolean verbose)
-            throws Exception
-    {
+        throws Exception {
        // get config params
        float xmax = (float) ConfigurationManager
-                .getIntProperty("thumbnail.maxwidth");
+            .getIntProperty("thumbnail.maxwidth");
        float ymax = (float) ConfigurationManager
-                .getIntProperty("thumbnail.maxheight");
+            .getIntProperty("thumbnail.maxheight");
        boolean blurring = (boolean) ConfigurationManager
-                .getBooleanProperty("thumbnail.blurring");
+            .getBooleanProperty("thumbnail.blurring");
        boolean hqscaling = (boolean) ConfigurationManager
-                .getBooleanProperty("thumbnail.hqscaling");
+            .getBooleanProperty("thumbnail.hqscaling");

        return getThumbDim(currentItem, buf, verbose, xmax, ymax, blurring, hqscaling, 0, 0, null);
    }

-    public InputStream getThumbDim(Item currentItem, BufferedImage buf, boolean verbose, float xmax, float ymax, boolean blurring, boolean hqscaling, int brandHeight, int brandFontPoint, String brandFont)
-            throws Exception
-    {
+    public InputStream getThumbDim(Item currentItem, BufferedImage buf, boolean verbose, float xmax, float ymax,
+                                   boolean blurring, boolean hqscaling, int brandHeight, int brandFontPoint,
+                                   String brandFont)
+        throws Exception {
        // now get the image dimensions
        float xsize = (float) buf.getWidth(null);
        float ysize = (float) buf.getHeight(null);

        // if verbose flag is set, print out dimensions
        // to STDOUT
-        if (verbose)
-        {
+        if (verbose) {
            System.out.println("original size: " + xsize + "," + ysize);
        }

        // scale by x first if needed
-        if (xsize > xmax)
-        {
+        if (xsize > xmax) {
            // calculate scaling factor so that xsize * scale = new size (max)
            float scale_factor = xmax / xsize;

            // if verbose flag is set, print out extracted text
            // to STDOUT
-            if (verbose)
-            {
+            if (verbose) {
                System.out.println("x scale factor: " + scale_factor);
            }

@@ -131,15 +124,13 @@ public class JPEGFilter extends MediaFilter implements SelfRegisterInputFormats

            // if verbose flag is set, print out extracted text
            // to STDOUT
-            if (verbose)
-            {
+            if (verbose) {
                System.out.println("size after fitting to maximum width: " + xsize + "," + ysize);
            }
        }

        // scale by y if needed
-        if (ysize > ymax)
-        {
+        if (ysize > ymax) {
            float scale_factor = ymax / ysize;

            // now reduce x size
@@ -149,31 +140,28 @@ public class JPEGFilter extends MediaFilter implements SelfRegisterInputFormats
        }

        // if verbose flag is set, print details to STDOUT
-        if (verbose)
-        {
+        if (verbose) {
            System.out.println("size after fitting to maximum height: " + xsize + ", "
-                    + ysize);
+                                   + ysize);
        }

        // create an image buffer for the thumbnail with the new xsize, ysize
        BufferedImage thumbnail = new BufferedImage((int) xsize, (int) ysize,
-                BufferedImage.TYPE_INT_RGB);
+                                                    BufferedImage.TYPE_INT_RGB);

        // Use blurring if selected in config.
        // a little blur before scaling does wonders for keeping moire in check.
-        if (blurring)
-        {
-                // send the buffered image off to get blurred.
-                buf = getBlurredInstance((BufferedImage) buf);
+        if (blurring) {
+            // send the buffered image off to get blurred.
+            buf = getBlurredInstance((BufferedImage) buf);
        }

        // Use high quality scaling method if selected in config.
        // this has a definite performance penalty.
-        if (hqscaling)
-        {
-                // send the buffered image off to get an HQ downscale.
-                buf = getScaledInstance((BufferedImage) buf, (int) xsize, (int) ysize,
-                        (Object) RenderingHints.VALUE_INTERPOLATION_BICUBIC, (boolean) true);
+        if (hqscaling) {
+            // send the buffered image off to get an HQ downscale.
+            buf = getScaledInstance((BufferedImage) buf, (int) xsize, (int) ysize,
+                                    (Object) RenderingHints.VALUE_INTERPOLATION_BICUBIC, (boolean) true);
        }

        // now render the image into the thumbnail buffer
@@ -186,7 +174,7 @@ public class JPEGFilter extends MediaFilter implements SelfRegisterInputFormats
                                                    ConfigurationManager.getProperty("webui.preview.brand.abbrev"),
                                                    currentItem == null ? "" : "hdl:" + currentItem.getHandle());

-            g2d.drawImage(brandImage, (int)0, (int)ysize, (int) xsize, (int) 20, null);
+            g2d.drawImage(brandImage, (int) 0, (int) ysize, (int) xsize, (int) 20, null);
        }

        // now create an input stream for the thumbnail buffer and return it
@@ -202,93 +190,89 @@ public class JPEGFilter extends MediaFilter implements SelfRegisterInputFormats


    @Override
-    public String[] getInputMIMETypes()
-    {
+    public String[] getInputMIMETypes() {
        return ImageIO.getReaderMIMETypes();
    }

    @Override
-    public String[] getInputDescriptions()
-    {
+    public String[] getInputDescriptions() {
        return null;
    }

    @Override
-    public String[] getInputExtensions()
-    {
+    public String[] getInputExtensions() {
        // Temporarily disabled as JDK 1.6 only
        // return ImageIO.getReaderFileSuffixes();
        return null;
    }

-    public BufferedImage getNormalizedInstance(BufferedImage buf)
-    {
-     int type = (buf.getTransparency() == Transparency.OPAQUE) ?
+    public BufferedImage getNormalizedInstance(BufferedImage buf) {
+        int type = (buf.getTransparency() == Transparency.OPAQUE) ?
            BufferedImage.TYPE_INT_RGB : BufferedImage.TYPE_INT_ARGB_PRE;
-     int w, h;
-     w = buf.getWidth();
-     h = buf.getHeight();
-     BufferedImage normal = new BufferedImage(w, h, type);
-     Graphics2D g2d = normal.createGraphics();
-     g2d.drawImage(buf, 0, 0, w, h, Color.WHITE, null);
-     g2d.dispose();
-     return normal;
+        int w = buf.getWidth();
+        int h = buf.getHeight();
+        BufferedImage normal = new BufferedImage(w, h, type);
+        Graphics2D g2d = normal.createGraphics();
+        g2d.drawImage(buf, 0, 0, w, h, Color.WHITE, null);
+        g2d.dispose();
+        return normal;
    }

    /**
     * Convenience method that returns a blurred instance of the
     * provided {@code BufferedImage}.
     *
+     * @param buf buffered image
+     * @return updated BufferedImage
     */
-    public BufferedImage getBlurredInstance(BufferedImage buf)
-    {
-     buf = getNormalizedInstance(buf);
+    public BufferedImage getBlurredInstance(BufferedImage buf) {
+        buf = getNormalizedInstance(buf);

-     // kernel for blur op
-     float[] matrix = {
-        0.111f, 0.111f, 0.111f,
-        0.111f, 0.111f, 0.111f,
-        0.111f, 0.111f, 0.111f,
-      };
+        // kernel for blur op
+        float[] matrix = {
+            0.111f, 0.111f, 0.111f,
+            0.111f, 0.111f, 0.111f,
+            0.111f, 0.111f, 0.111f,
+        };

-     // perform the blur and return the blurred version.
-     BufferedImageOp blur = new ConvolveOp( new Kernel(3, 3, matrix) );
-     BufferedImage blurbuf = blur.filter(buf, null);
-     return blurbuf;
+        // perform the blur and return the blurred version.
+        BufferedImageOp blur = new ConvolveOp(new Kernel(3, 3, matrix));
+        BufferedImage blurbuf = blur.filter(buf, null);
+        return blurbuf;
    }

    /**
     * Convenience method that returns a scaled instance of the
     * provided {@code BufferedImage}.
     *
-     * @param buf the original image to be scaled
-     * @param targetWidth the desired width of the scaled instance,
-     *    in pixels
-     * @param targetHeight the desired height of the scaled instance,
-     *    in pixels
-     * @param hint one of the rendering hints that corresponds to
-     *    {@code RenderingHints.KEY_INTERPOLATION} (e.g.
-     *    {@code RenderingHints.VALUE_INTERPOLATION_NEAREST_NEIGHBOR},
-     *    {@code RenderingHints.VALUE_INTERPOLATION_BILINEAR},
-     *    {@code RenderingHints.VALUE_INTERPOLATION_BICUBIC})
+     * @param buf           the original image to be scaled
+     * @param targetWidth   the desired width of the scaled instance,
+     *                      in pixels
+     * @param targetHeight  the desired height of the scaled instance,
+     *                      in pixels
+     * @param hint          one of the rendering hints that corresponds to
+     *                      {@code RenderingHints.KEY_INTERPOLATION} (e.g.
+     *                      {@code RenderingHints.VALUE_INTERPOLATION_NEAREST_NEIGHBOR},
+     *                      {@code RenderingHints.VALUE_INTERPOLATION_BILINEAR},
+     *                      {@code RenderingHints.VALUE_INTERPOLATION_BICUBIC})
     * @param higherQuality if true, this method will use a multi-step
-     *    scaling technique that provides higher quality than the usual
-     *    one-step technique (only useful in downscaling cases, where
-     *    {@code targetWidth} or {@code targetHeight} is
-     *    smaller than the original dimensions, and generally only when
-     *    the {@code BILINEAR} hint is specified)
+     *                      scaling technique that provides higher quality than the usual
+     *                      one-step technique (only useful in downscaling cases, where
+     *                      {@code targetWidth} or {@code targetHeight} is
+     *                      smaller than the original dimensions, and generally only when
+     *                      the {@code BILINEAR} hint is specified)
     * @return a scaled version of the original {@code BufferedImage}
     */
    public BufferedImage getScaledInstance(BufferedImage buf,
                                           int targetWidth,
                                           int targetHeight,
                                           Object hint,
-                                           boolean higherQuality)
-    {
+                                           boolean higherQuality) {
        int type = (buf.getTransparency() == Transparency.OPAQUE) ?
            BufferedImage.TYPE_INT_RGB : BufferedImage.TYPE_INT_ARGB;
-        BufferedImage scalebuf = (BufferedImage)buf;
-        int w, h;
+        BufferedImage scalebuf = (BufferedImage) buf;
+        int w;
+        int h;
        if (higherQuality) {
            // Use multi-step technique: start with original size, then
            // scale down in multiple passes with drawImage()
--- a/dspace-api/src/main/java/org/dspace/app/mediafilter/MediaFilter.java
+++ b/dspace-api/src/main/java/org/dspace/app/mediafilter/MediaFilter.java
@@ -13,39 +13,34 @@ import org.dspace.core.Context;


 /**
- * Abstract class which defines the default settings for a *simple* Media or Format Filter. 
- * This class may be extended by any class which wishes to define a simple filter to be run 
+ * Abstract class which defines the default settings for a *simple* Media or Format Filter.
+ * This class may be extended by any class which wishes to define a simple filter to be run
 * by the MediaFilterManager.  More complex filters should likely implement the FormatFilter
 * interface directly, so that they can define their own pre/postProcessing methods.
 */
-public abstract class MediaFilter implements FormatFilter
-{
-	/**
-     * Perform any pre-processing of the source bitstream *before* the actual 
+public abstract class MediaFilter implements FormatFilter {
+    /**
+     * Perform any pre-processing of the source bitstream *before* the actual
     * filtering takes place in MediaFilterManager.processBitstream().
     * <p>
     * Return true if pre-processing is successful (or no pre-processing
     * is necessary).  Return false if bitstream should be skipped
     * for any reason.
-     * 
-     * 
-     * @param c
-     *            context
-     * @param item
-     *            item containing bitstream to process
-     * @param source
-     *            source bitstream to be processed
-     * 
-     * @return true if bitstream processing should continue, 
-     *          false if this bitstream should be skipped
+     *
+     * @param c       context
+     * @param item    item containing bitstream to process
+     * @param source  source bitstream to be processed
+     * @param verbose verbose mode
+     * @return true if bitstream processing should continue,
+     * false if this bitstream should be skipped
+     * @throws Exception if error
     */
    @Override
    public boolean preProcessBitstream(Context c, Item item, Bitstream source, boolean verbose)
-            throws Exception
-    {
+        throws Exception {
        return true;  //default to no pre-processing
    }
-     
+
    /**
     * Perform any post-processing of the generated bitstream *after* this
     * filter has already been run.
@@ -53,20 +48,16 @@ public abstract class MediaFilter implements FormatFilter
     * Return true if pre-processing is successful (or no pre-processing
     * is necessary).  Return false if bitstream should be skipped
     * for some reason.
-     * 
-     * 
-     * @param c
-     *            context
-     * @param item
-     *            item containing bitstream to process
-     * @param generatedBitstream
-     *            the bitstream which was generated by
-     *            this filter.
+     *
+     * @param c                  context
+     * @param item               item containing bitstream to process
+     * @param generatedBitstream the bitstream which was generated by
+     *                           this filter.
+     * @throws Exception if error
     */
    @Override
    public void postProcessBitstream(Context c, Item item, Bitstream generatedBitstream)
-            throws Exception
-    {
+        throws Exception {
        //default to no post-processing necessary
    }
 }
--- a/dspace-api/src/main/java/org/dspace/app/mediafilter/MediaFilterCLITool.java
+++ b/dspace-api/src/main/java/org/dspace/app/mediafilter/MediaFilterCLITool.java
@@ -7,7 +7,22 @@
 */
 package org.dspace.app.mediafilter;

-import org.apache.commons.cli.*;
+import java.util.ArrayList;
+import java.util.Arrays;
+import java.util.HashMap;
+import java.util.Iterator;
+import java.util.List;
+import java.util.Map;
+
+import org.apache.commons.cli.CommandLine;
+import org.apache.commons.cli.CommandLineParser;
+import org.apache.commons.cli.HelpFormatter;
+import org.apache.commons.cli.MissingArgumentException;
+import org.apache.commons.cli.Option;
+import org.apache.commons.cli.OptionBuilder;
+import org.apache.commons.cli.Options;
+import org.apache.commons.cli.PosixParser;
+import org.apache.commons.lang.ArrayUtils;
 import org.dspace.app.mediafilter.factory.MediaFilterServiceFactory;
 import org.dspace.app.mediafilter.service.MediaFilterService;
 import org.dspace.content.Collection;
@@ -19,9 +34,6 @@ import org.dspace.core.Context;
 import org.dspace.core.SelfNamedPlugin;
 import org.dspace.core.factory.CoreServiceFactory;
 import org.dspace.handle.factory.HandleServiceFactory;
-
-import java.util.*;
-import org.apache.commons.lang.ArrayUtils;
 import org.dspace.services.factory.DSpaceServicesFactory;

 /**
@@ -44,8 +56,12 @@ public class MediaFilterCLITool {
    //suffix (in dspace.cfg) for input formats supported by each filter
    private static final String INPUT_FORMATS_SUFFIX = "inputFormats";

-    public static void main(String[] argv) throws Exception
-    {
+    /**
+     * Default constructor
+     */
+    private MediaFilterCLITool() { }
+
+    public static void main(String[] argv) throws Exception {
        // set headless for non-gui workstations
        System.setProperty("java.awt.headless", "true");

@@ -57,25 +73,25 @@ public class MediaFilterCLITool {
        Options options = new Options();

        options.addOption("v", "verbose", false,
-                "print all extracted text and other details to STDOUT");
+                          "print all extracted text and other details to STDOUT");
        options.addOption("q", "quiet", false,
-                "do not print anything except in the event of errors.");
+                          "do not print anything except in the event of errors.");
        options.addOption("f", "force", false,
-                "force all bitstreams to be processed");
+                          "force all bitstreams to be processed");
        options.addOption("i", "identifier", true,
-                "ONLY process bitstreams belonging to identifier");
+                          "ONLY process bitstreams belonging to identifier");
        options.addOption("m", "maximum", true,
-                "process no more than maximum items");
+                          "process no more than maximum items");
        options.addOption("h", "help", false, "help");

        //create a "plugin" option (to specify specific MediaFilter plugins to run)
        OptionBuilder.withLongOpt("plugins");
        OptionBuilder.withValueSeparator(',');
        OptionBuilder.withDescription(
-                "ONLY run the specified Media Filter plugin(s)\n" +
-                        "listed from '" + MEDIA_FILTER_PLUGINS_KEY + "' in dspace.cfg.\n" +
-                        "Separate multiple with a comma (,)\n" +
-                        "(e.g. MediaFilterManager -p \n\"Word Text Extractor\",\"PDF Text Extractor\")");
+            "ONLY run the specified Media Filter plugin(s)\n" +
+                "listed from '" + MEDIA_FILTER_PLUGINS_KEY + "' in dspace.cfg.\n" +
+                "Separate multiple with a comma (,)\n" +
+                "(e.g. MediaFilterManager -p \n\"Word Text Extractor\",\"PDF Text Extractor\")");
        Option pluginOption = OptionBuilder.create('p');
        pluginOption.setArgs(Option.UNLIMITED_VALUES); //unlimited number of args
        options.addOption(pluginOption);
@@ -84,9 +100,9 @@ public class MediaFilterCLITool {
        OptionBuilder.withLongOpt("skip");
        OptionBuilder.withValueSeparator(',');
        OptionBuilder.withDescription(
-                "SKIP the bitstreams belonging to identifier\n" +
-                        "Separate multiple identifiers with a comma (,)\n" +
-                        "(e.g. MediaFilterManager -s \n 123456789/34,123456789/323)");
+            "SKIP the bitstreams belonging to identifier\n" +
+                "Separate multiple identifiers with a comma (,)\n" +
+                "(e.g. MediaFilterManager -s \n 123456789/34,123456789/323)");
        Option skipOption = OptionBuilder.create('s');
        skipOption.setArgs(Option.UNLIMITED_VALUES); //unlimited number of args
        options.addOption(skipOption);
@@ -99,73 +115,61 @@ public class MediaFilterCLITool {
        Map<String, List<String>> filterFormats = new HashMap<>();

        CommandLine line = null;
-        try
-        {
+        try {
            line = parser.parse(options, argv);
-        }
-        catch(MissingArgumentException e)
-        {
+        } catch (MissingArgumentException e) {
            System.out.println("ERROR: " + e.getMessage());
            HelpFormatter myhelp = new HelpFormatter();
            myhelp.printHelp("MediaFilterManager\n", options);
            System.exit(1);
        }

-        if (line.hasOption('h'))
-        {
+        if (line.hasOption('h')) {
            HelpFormatter myhelp = new HelpFormatter();
            myhelp.printHelp("MediaFilterManager\n", options);

            System.exit(0);
        }

-        if (line.hasOption('v'))
-        {
+        if (line.hasOption('v')) {
            isVerbose = true;
        }

        isQuiet = line.hasOption('q');

-        if (line.hasOption('f'))
-        {
+        if (line.hasOption('f')) {
            isForce = true;
        }

-        if (line.hasOption('i'))
-        {
+        if (line.hasOption('i')) {
            identifier = line.getOptionValue('i');
        }

-        if (line.hasOption('m'))
-        {
+        if (line.hasOption('m')) {
            max2Process = Integer.parseInt(line.getOptionValue('m'));
-            if (max2Process <= 1)
-            {
+            if (max2Process <= 1) {
                System.out.println("Invalid maximum value '" +
-                        line.getOptionValue('m') + "' - ignoring");
+                                       line.getOptionValue('m') + "' - ignoring");
                max2Process = Integer.MAX_VALUE;
            }
        }

        String filterNames[] = null;
-        if(line.hasOption('p'))
-        {
+        if (line.hasOption('p')) {
            //specified which media filter plugins we are using
            filterNames = line.getOptionValues('p');

-            if(filterNames==null || filterNames.length==0)
-            {   //display error, since no plugins specified
+            if (filterNames == null || filterNames.length == 0) {   //display error, since no plugins specified
                System.err.println("\nERROR: -p (-plugin) option requires at least one plugin to be specified.\n" +
-                        "(e.g. MediaFilterManager -p \"Word Text Extractor\",\"PDF Text Extractor\")\n");
+                                       "(e.g. MediaFilterManager -p \"Word Text Extractor\",\"PDF Text Extractor\")\n");
                HelpFormatter myhelp = new HelpFormatter();
                myhelp.printHelp("MediaFilterManager\n", options);
                System.exit(1);
            }
-        }
-        else
-        {
+        } else {
            //retrieve list of all enabled media filter plugins!
-            filterNames = DSpaceServicesFactory.getInstance().getConfigurationService().getArrayProperty(MEDIA_FILTER_PLUGINS_KEY);
+            filterNames = DSpaceServicesFactory.getInstance().getConfigurationService()
+                                               .getArrayProperty(MEDIA_FILTER_PLUGINS_KEY);
        }

        MediaFilterService mediaFilterService = MediaFilterServiceFactory.getInstance().getMediaFilterService();
@@ -178,17 +182,16 @@ public class MediaFilterCLITool {
        List<FormatFilter> filterList = new ArrayList<FormatFilter>();

        //set up each filter
-        for(int i=0; i< filterNames.length; i++)
-        {
+        for (int i = 0; i < filterNames.length; i++) {
            //get filter of this name & add to list of filters
-            FormatFilter filter = (FormatFilter) CoreServiceFactory.getInstance().getPluginService().getNamedPlugin(FormatFilter.class, filterNames[i]);
-            if(filter==null)
-            {
-                System.err.println("\nERROR: Unknown MediaFilter specified (either from command-line or in dspace.cfg): '" + filterNames[i] + "'");
+            FormatFilter filter = (FormatFilter) CoreServiceFactory.getInstance().getPluginService()
+                                                                   .getNamedPlugin(FormatFilter.class, filterNames[i]);
+            if (filter == null) {
+                System.err.println(
+                    "\nERROR: Unknown MediaFilter specified (either from command-line or in dspace.cfg): '" +
+                        filterNames[i] + "'");
                System.exit(1);
-            }
-            else
-            {
+            } else {
                filterList.add(filter);

                String filterClassName = filter.getClass().getName();
@@ -200,8 +203,7 @@ public class MediaFilterCLITool {
                //each "named" plugin that it defines.
                //So, we have to look for every key that fits the
                //following format: filter.<class-name>.<plugin-name>.inputFormats
-                if( SelfNamedPlugin.class.isAssignableFrom(filter.getClass()) )
-                {
+                if (SelfNamedPlugin.class.isAssignableFrom(filter.getClass())) {
                    //Get the plugin instance name for this class
                    pluginName = ((SelfNamedPlugin) filter).getPluginInstanceName();
                }
@@ -212,45 +214,42 @@ public class MediaFilterCLITool {
                //  filter.<class-name>.<plugin-name>.inputFormats
                //For other MediaFilters, format of key is:
                //  filter.<class-name>.inputFormats
-                String[] formats = 
-                        DSpaceServicesFactory.getInstance().getConfigurationService().getArrayProperty(
+                String[] formats =
+                    DSpaceServicesFactory.getInstance().getConfigurationService().getArrayProperty(
                        FILTER_PREFIX + "." + filterClassName +
-                        (pluginName!=null ? "." + pluginName : "") +
-                        "." + INPUT_FORMATS_SUFFIX);
+                            (pluginName != null ? "." + pluginName : "") +
+                            "." + INPUT_FORMATS_SUFFIX);

                //add to internal map of filters to supported formats
-                if (ArrayUtils.isNotEmpty(formats))
-                {
+                if (ArrayUtils.isNotEmpty(formats)) {
                    //For SelfNamedPlugins, map key is:
                    //  <class-name><separator><plugin-name>
                    //For other MediaFilters, map key is just:
                    //  <class-name>
                    filterFormats.put(filterClassName +
-                                    (pluginName!=null ? MediaFilterService.FILTER_PLUGIN_SEPARATOR + pluginName : ""),
-                            Arrays.asList(formats));
+                                          (pluginName != null ? MediaFilterService.FILTER_PLUGIN_SEPARATOR +
+                                              pluginName : ""),
+                                      Arrays.asList(formats));
                }
-            }//end if filter!=null
-        }//end for
+            } //end if filter!=null
+        } //end for

        //If verbose, print out loaded mediafilter info
-        if(isVerbose)
-        {
+        if (isVerbose) {
            System.out.println("The following MediaFilters are enabled: ");
            Iterator<String> i = filterFormats.keySet().iterator();
-            while(i.hasNext())
-            {
+            while (i.hasNext()) {
                String filterName = i.next();
                System.out.println("Full Filter Name: " + filterName);
                String pluginName = null;
-                if(filterName.contains(MediaFilterService.FILTER_PLUGIN_SEPARATOR))
-                {
+                if (filterName.contains(MediaFilterService.FILTER_PLUGIN_SEPARATOR)) {
                    String[] fields = filterName.split(MediaFilterService.FILTER_PLUGIN_SEPARATOR);
-                    filterName=fields[0];
-                    pluginName=fields[1];
+                    filterName = fields[0];
+                    pluginName = fields[1];
                }

                System.out.println(filterName +
-                        (pluginName!=null? " (Plugin: " + pluginName + ")": ""));
+                                       (pluginName != null ? " (Plugin: " + pluginName + ")" : ""));
            }
        }

@@ -261,16 +260,14 @@ public class MediaFilterCLITool {

        //Retrieve list of identifiers to skip (if any)
        String skipIds[] = null;
-        if(line.hasOption('s'))
-        {
+        if (line.hasOption('s')) {
            //specified which identifiers to skip when processing
            skipIds = line.getOptionValues('s');

-            if(skipIds==null || skipIds.length==0)
-            {   //display error, since no identifiers specified to skip
+            if (skipIds == null || skipIds.length == 0) {   //display error, since no identifiers specified to skip
                System.err.println("\nERROR: -s (-skip) option requires at least one identifier to SKIP.\n" +
-                        "Make sure to separate multiple identifiers with a comma!\n" +
-                        "(e.g. MediaFilterManager -s 123456789/34,123456789/323)\n");
+                                       "Make sure to separate multiple identifiers with a comma!\n" +
+                                       "(e.g. MediaFilterManager -s 123456789/34,123456789/323)\n");
                HelpFormatter myhelp = new HelpFormatter();
                myhelp.printHelp("MediaFilterManager\n", options);
                System.exit(0);
@@ -282,29 +279,24 @@ public class MediaFilterCLITool {

        Context c = null;

-        try
-        {
+        try {
            c = new Context();

            // have to be super-user to do the filtering
            c.turnOffAuthorisationSystem();

            // now apply the filters
-            if (identifier == null)
-            {
+            if (identifier == null) {
                mediaFilterService.applyFiltersAllItems(c);
-            }
-            else  // restrict application scope to identifier
-            {
+            } else {
+                // restrict application scope to identifier
                DSpaceObject dso = HandleServiceFactory.getInstance().getHandleService().resolveToObject(c, identifier);
-                if (dso == null)
-                {
+                if (dso == null) {
                    throw new IllegalArgumentException("Cannot resolve "
-                            + identifier + " to a DSpace object");
+                                                           + identifier + " to a DSpace object");
                }

-                switch (dso.getType())
-                {
+                switch (dso.getType()) {
                    case Constants.COMMUNITY:
                        mediaFilterService.applyFiltersCommunity(c, (Community) dso);
                        break;
@@ -314,20 +306,17 @@ public class MediaFilterCLITool {
                    case Constants.ITEM:
                        mediaFilterService.applyFiltersItem(c, (Item) dso);
                        break;
+                    default:
+                        break;
                }
            }

            c.complete();
            c = null;
-        }
-        catch (Exception e)
-        {
+        } catch (Exception e) {
            status = 1;
-        }
-        finally
-        {
-            if (c != null)
-            {
+        } finally {
+            if (c != null) {
                c.abort();
            }
        }
--- a/dspace-api/src/main/java/org/dspace/app/mediafilter/MediaFilterServiceImpl.java
+++ b/dspace-api/src/main/java/org/dspace/app/mediafilter/MediaFilterServiceImpl.java
@@ -8,13 +8,27 @@
 package org.dspace.app.mediafilter;

 import java.io.InputStream;
-import java.util.*;
+import java.util.ArrayList;
+import java.util.HashMap;
+import java.util.Iterator;
+import java.util.List;
+import java.util.Map;

 import org.dspace.app.mediafilter.service.MediaFilterService;
 import org.dspace.authorize.service.AuthorizeService;
-import org.dspace.content.*;
+import org.dspace.content.Bitstream;
+import org.dspace.content.BitstreamFormat;
+import org.dspace.content.Bundle;
 import org.dspace.content.Collection;
-import org.dspace.content.service.*;
+import org.dspace.content.Community;
+import org.dspace.content.DCDate;
+import org.dspace.content.Item;
+import org.dspace.content.service.BitstreamFormatService;
+import org.dspace.content.service.BitstreamService;
+import org.dspace.content.service.BundleService;
+import org.dspace.content.service.CollectionService;
+import org.dspace.content.service.CommunityService;
+import org.dspace.content.service.ItemService;
 import org.dspace.core.Constants;
 import org.dspace.core.Context;
 import org.dspace.core.SelfNamedPlugin;
@@ -29,12 +43,11 @@ import org.springframework.beans.factory.annotation.Autowired;
 * repository's content. A few command line flags affect the operation of the
 * MFM: -v verbose outputs all extracted text to STDOUT; -f force forces all
 * bitstreams to be processed, even if they have been before; -n noindex does not
- * recreate index after processing bitstreams; -i [identifier] limits processing 
+ * recreate index after processing bitstreams; -i [identifier] limits processing
 * scope to a community, collection or item; and -m [max] limits processing to a
 * maximum number of items.
 */
-public class MediaFilterServiceImpl implements MediaFilterService, InitializingBean
-{
+public class MediaFilterServiceImpl implements MediaFilterService, InitializingBean {
    @Autowired(required = true)
    protected AuthorizeService authorizeService;
    @Autowired(required = true)
@@ -55,13 +68,13 @@ public class MediaFilterServiceImpl implements MediaFilterService, InitializingB
    protected ConfigurationService configurationService;

    protected int max2Process = Integer.MAX_VALUE;  // maximum number items to process
-    
+
    protected int processed = 0;   // number items processed
-    
+
    protected Item currentItem = null;   // current item being processed

    protected List<FormatFilter> filterClasses = null;
-    
+
    protected Map<String, List<String>> filterFormats = new HashMap<>();

    protected List<String> skipList = null; //list of identifiers to skip during processing
@@ -72,27 +85,25 @@ public class MediaFilterServiceImpl implements MediaFilterService, InitializingB
    protected boolean isQuiet = false;
    protected boolean isForce = false; // default to not forced

-    protected MediaFilterServiceImpl()
-    {
+    protected MediaFilterServiceImpl() {

    }

    @Override
    public void afterPropertiesSet() throws Exception {
-        String[] publicPermissionFilters = configurationService.getArrayProperty("filter.org.dspace.app.mediafilter.publicPermission");
+        String[] publicPermissionFilters = configurationService
+            .getArrayProperty("filter.org.dspace.app.mediafilter.publicPermission");

-        if(publicPermissionFilters != null) {
-            for(String filter : publicPermissionFilters) {
+        if (publicPermissionFilters != null) {
+            for (String filter : publicPermissionFilters) {
                publicFiltersClasses.add(filter.trim());
            }
        }
    }

    @Override
-    public void applyFiltersAllItems(Context context) throws Exception
-    {
-        if(skipList!=null)
-        {    
+    public void applyFiltersAllItems(Context context) throws Exception {
+        if (skipList != null) {
            //if a skip-list exists, we need to filter community-by-community
            //so we can respect what is in the skip-list
            List<Community> topLevelCommunities = communityService.findAllTop(context);
@@ -100,13 +111,10 @@ public class MediaFilterServiceImpl implements MediaFilterService, InitializingB
            for (Community topLevelCommunity : topLevelCommunities) {
                applyFiltersCommunity(context, topLevelCommunity);
            }
-        }
-        else 
-        {
+        } else {
            //otherwise, just find every item and process
            Iterator<Item> itemIterator = itemService.findAll(context);
-            while (itemIterator.hasNext() && processed < max2Process)
-            {
+            while (itemIterator.hasNext() && processed < max2Process) {
                applyFiltersItem(context, itemIterator.next());
            }
        }
@@ -114,16 +122,14 @@ public class MediaFilterServiceImpl implements MediaFilterService, InitializingB

    @Override
    public void applyFiltersCommunity(Context context, Community community)
-                                             throws Exception
-    {   //only apply filters if community not in skip-list
-        if(!inSkipList(community.getHandle()))
-        {    
-           	List<Community> subcommunities = community.getSubcommunities();
+        throws Exception {   //only apply filters if community not in skip-list
+        if (!inSkipList(community.getHandle())) {
+            List<Community> subcommunities = community.getSubcommunities();
            for (Community subcommunity : subcommunities) {
                applyFiltersCommunity(context, subcommunity);
            }
-           	
-           	List<Collection> collections = community.getCollections();
+
+            List<Collection> collections = community.getCollections();
            for (Collection collection : collections) {
                applyFiltersCollection(context, collection);
            }
@@ -132,42 +138,36 @@ public class MediaFilterServiceImpl implements MediaFilterService, InitializingB

    @Override
    public void applyFiltersCollection(Context context, Collection collection)
-                                              throws Exception
-    {
+        throws Exception {
        //only apply filters if collection not in skip-list
-        if(!inSkipList(collection.getHandle()))
-        {
+        if (!inSkipList(collection.getHandle())) {
            Iterator<Item> itemIterator = itemService.findAllByCollection(context, collection);
-            while (itemIterator.hasNext() && processed < max2Process)
-            {
+            while (itemIterator.hasNext() && processed < max2Process) {
                applyFiltersItem(context, itemIterator.next());
            }
        }
    }
-       
+
    @Override
-    public void applyFiltersItem(Context c, Item item) throws Exception
-    {
+    public void applyFiltersItem(Context c, Item item) throws Exception {
        //only apply filters if item not in skip-list
-        if(!inSkipList(item.getHandle()))
-        {
-    	  //cache this item in MediaFilterManager
-    	  //so it can be accessed by MediaFilters as necessary
-    	  currentItem = item;
-    	
-          if (filterItem(c, item))
-          {
-              // increment processed count
-              ++processed;
-          }
-          // clear item objects from context cache and internal cache
-          currentItem = null;
-        }  
+        if (!inSkipList(item.getHandle())) {
+            //cache this item in MediaFilterManager
+            //so it can be accessed by MediaFilters as necessary
+            currentItem = item;
+
+            if (filterItem(c, item)) {
+                // increment processed count
+                ++processed;
+            }
+            // clear item objects from context cache and internal cache
+            c.uncacheEntity(currentItem);
+            currentItem = null;
+        }
    }

    @Override
-    public boolean filterItem(Context context, Item myItem) throws Exception
-    {
+    public boolean filterItem(Context context, Item myItem) throws Exception {
        // get 'original' bundles
        List<Bundle> myBundles = itemService.getBundles(myItem, "ORIGINAL");
        boolean done = false;
@@ -184,12 +184,11 @@ public class MediaFilterServiceImpl implements MediaFilterService, InitializingB

    @Override
    public boolean filterBitstream(Context context, Item myItem,
-            Bitstream myBitstream) throws Exception
-    {
-    	boolean filtered = false;
-    	
-    	// iterate through filter classes. A single format may be actioned
-    	// by more than one filter
+                                   Bitstream myBitstream) throws Exception {
+        boolean filtered = false;
+
+        // iterate through filter classes. A single format may be actioned
+        // by more than one filter
        for (FormatFilter filterClass : filterClasses) {
            //List fmts = (List)filterFormats.get(filterClasses[i].getClass().getName());
            String pluginName = null;
@@ -208,7 +207,7 @@ public class MediaFilterServiceImpl implements MediaFilterService, InitializingB
            //For other MediaFilters, map key is just:
            //  <class-name>
            List<String> fmts = filterFormats.get(filterClass.getClass().getName() +
-                    (pluginName != null ? FILTER_PLUGIN_SEPARATOR + pluginName : ""));
+                                                      (pluginName != null ? FILTER_PLUGIN_SEPARATOR + pluginName : ""));

            if (fmts.contains(myBitstream.getFormat(context).getShortDescription())) {
                try {
@@ -289,7 +288,7 @@ public class MediaFilterServiceImpl implements MediaFilterService, InitializingB
                        }
                    } catch (Exception e) {
                        System.out.println("ERROR filtering, skipping bitstream #"
-                                + myBitstream.getID() + " " + e);
+                                               + myBitstream.getID() + " " + e);
                        e.printStackTrace();
                    }
                }
@@ -297,19 +296,17 @@ public class MediaFilterServiceImpl implements MediaFilterService, InitializingB
        }
        return filtered;
    }
-    
+
    @Override
    public boolean processBitstream(Context context, Item item, Bitstream source, FormatFilter formatFilter)
-            throws Exception
-    {
+        throws Exception {
        //do pre-processing of this bitstream, and if it fails, skip this bitstream!
-    	if(!formatFilter.preProcessBitstream(context, item, source, isVerbose))
-        {
+        if (!formatFilter.preProcessBitstream(context, item, source, isVerbose)) {
            return false;
        }
-        	
-    	boolean overWrite = isForce;
-        
+
+        boolean overWrite = isForce;
+
        // get bitstream filename, calculate destination filename
        String newName = formatFilter.getFilteredName(source.getName());

@@ -319,14 +316,13 @@ public class MediaFilterServiceImpl implements MediaFilterService, InitializingB
        List<Bundle> bundles = itemService.getBundles(item, formatFilter.getBundleName());

        // check if destination bitstream exists
-        if (bundles.size() > 0)
-        {
+        if (bundles.size() > 0) {
            // only finds the last match (FIXME?)
            for (Bundle bundle : bundles) {
                List<Bitstream> bitstreams = bundle.getBitstreams();

                for (Bitstream bitstream : bitstreams) {
-                    if (bitstream.getName().equals(newName)) {
+                    if (bitstream.getName().trim().equals(newName.trim())) {
                        targetBundle = bundle;
                        existingBitstream = bitstream;
                    }
@@ -335,20 +331,18 @@ public class MediaFilterServiceImpl implements MediaFilterService, InitializingB
        }

        // if exists and overwrite = false, exit
-        if (!overWrite && (existingBitstream != null))
-        {
-            if (!isQuiet)
-            {
+        if (!overWrite && (existingBitstream != null)) {
+            if (!isQuiet) {
                System.out.println("SKIPPED: bitstream " + source.getID()
-                        + " (item: " + item.getHandle() + ") because '" + newName + "' already exists");
+                                       + " (item: " + item.getHandle() + ") because '" + newName + "' already exists");
            }

            return false;
        }
-        
-        if(isVerbose) {
+
+        if (isVerbose) {
            System.out.println("PROCESSING: bitstream " + source.getID()
-                + " (item: " + item.getHandle() + ")");
+                                   + " (item: " + item.getHandle() + ")");
        }

        InputStream destStream;
@@ -358,7 +352,7 @@ public class MediaFilterServiceImpl implements MediaFilterService, InitializingB
            if (destStream == null) {
                if (!isQuiet) {
                    System.out.println("SKIPPED: bitstream " + source.getID()
-                            + " (item: " + item.getHandle() + ") because filtering was unsuccessful");
+                                           + " (item: " + item.getHandle() + ") because filtering was unsuccessful");
                }

                return false;
@@ -369,12 +363,9 @@ public class MediaFilterServiceImpl implements MediaFilterService, InitializingB
        }

        // create new bundle if needed
-        if (bundles.size() < 1)
-        {
+        if (bundles.size() < 1) {
            targetBundle = bundleService.create(context, item, formatFilter.getBundleName());
-        }
-        else
-        {
+        } else {
            // take the first match
            targetBundle = bundles.get(0);
        }
@@ -384,21 +375,21 @@ public class MediaFilterServiceImpl implements MediaFilterService, InitializingB
        // Now set the format and name of the bitstream
        b.setName(context, newName);
        b.setSource(context, "Written by FormatFilter " + formatFilter.getClass().getName() +
-        			" on " + DCDate.getCurrent() + " (GMT)."); 
+            " on " + DCDate.getCurrent() + " (GMT).");
        b.setDescription(context, formatFilter.getDescription());

        // Find the proper format
        BitstreamFormat bf = bitstreamFormatService.findByShortDescription(context,
-                formatFilter.getFormatString());
+                                                                           formatFilter.getFormatString());
        bitstreamService.setFormat(context, b, bf);
        bitstreamService.update(context, b);
-        
+
        //Set permissions on the derivative bitstream
        //- First remove any existing policies
        authorizeService.removeAllPolicies(context, b);

        //- Determine if this is a public-derivative format
-        if(publicFiltersClasses.contains(formatFilter.getClass().getSimpleName())) {
+        if (publicFiltersClasses.contains(formatFilter.getClass().getSimpleName())) {
            //- Set derivative bitstream to be publicly accessible
            Group anonymous = groupService.findByName(context, Group.ANONYMOUS);
            authorizeService.addPolicy(context, b, Constants.READ, anonymous);
@@ -409,42 +400,34 @@ public class MediaFilterServiceImpl implements MediaFilterService, InitializingB

        // fixme - set date?
        // we are overwriting, so remove old bitstream
-        if (existingBitstream != null)
-        {
+        if (existingBitstream != null) {
            bundleService.removeBitstream(context, targetBundle, existingBitstream);
        }

-        if (!isQuiet)
-        {
+        if (!isQuiet) {
            System.out.println("FILTERED: bitstream " + source.getID()
-                    + " (item: " + item.getHandle() + ") and created '" + newName + "'");
+                                   + " (item: " + item.getHandle() + ") and created '" + newName + "'");
        }

        //do post-processing of the generated bitstream
        formatFilter.postProcessBitstream(context, item, b);
-        
+
        return true;
    }
-    
+
    @Override
-    public Item getCurrentItem()
-    {
+    public Item getCurrentItem() {
        return currentItem;
    }
-    
+
    @Override
-    public boolean inSkipList(String identifier)
-    {
-        if(skipList!=null && skipList.contains(identifier))
-        {
-            if (!isQuiet)
-            {
+    public boolean inSkipList(String identifier) {
+        if (skipList != null && skipList.contains(identifier)) {
+            if (!isQuiet) {
                System.out.println("SKIP-LIST: skipped bitstreams within identifier " + identifier);
            }
            return true;
-        }    
-        else
-        {
+        } else {
            return false;
        }
    }
--- a/dspace-api/src/main/java/org/dspace/app/mediafilter/PDFBoxThumbnail.java
+++ b/dspace-api/src/main/java/org/dspace/app/mediafilter/PDFBoxThumbnail.java
@@ -7,24 +7,13 @@
 */
 package org.dspace.app.mediafilter;

-import java.awt.Graphics2D;
-import java.awt.Color;
-import java.awt.image.*;
-import java.awt.RenderingHints;
-import java.awt.Transparency;
-import java.io.ByteArrayInputStream;
-import java.io.ByteArrayOutputStream;
+import java.awt.image.BufferedImage;
 import java.io.InputStream;
-
 import javax.imageio.ImageIO;

 import org.apache.pdfbox.pdmodel.PDDocument;
 import org.apache.pdfbox.rendering.PDFRenderer;
-
 import org.dspace.content.Item;
-import org.dspace.core.ConfigurationManager;
-
-import org.dspace.app.mediafilter.JPEGFilter;

 /**
 * Create JPEG thumbnails from PDF cover page using PDFBox.
@@ -33,24 +22,20 @@ import org.dspace.app.mediafilter.JPEGFilter;
 * thumbnail.maxwidth, thumbnail.maxheight, the size we want our thumbnail to be
 * no bigger than. Creates only JPEGs.
 *
- * @author Ivan Masár <helix84@centrum.sk>
- * @author Jason Sherman <jsherman@usao.edu>
+ * @author Ivan Masár helix84@centrum.sk
+ * @author Jason Sherman jsherman@usao.edu
 */
-public class PDFBoxThumbnail extends MediaFilter implements SelfRegisterInputFormats
-{
+public class PDFBoxThumbnail extends MediaFilter implements SelfRegisterInputFormats {
    @Override
-    public String getFilteredName(String oldFilename)
-    {
+    public String getFilteredName(String oldFilename) {
        return oldFilename + ".jpg";
    }

    /**
     * @return String bundle name
-     *  
     */
    @Override
-    public String getBundleName()
-    {
+    public String getBundleName() {
        return "THUMBNAIL";
    }

@@ -58,8 +43,7 @@ public class PDFBoxThumbnail extends MediaFilter implements SelfRegisterInputFor
     * @return String bitstreamformat
     */
    @Override
-    public String getFormatString()
-    {
+    public String getFormatString() {
        return "JPEG";
    }

@@ -67,21 +51,20 @@ public class PDFBoxThumbnail extends MediaFilter implements SelfRegisterInputFor
     * @return String description
     */
    @Override
-    public String getDescription()
-    {
+    public String getDescription() {
        return "Generated Thumbnail";
    }

    /**
-     * @param source
-     *            source input stream
-     * 
+     * @param currentItem item
+     * @param source      source input stream
+     * @param verbose     verbose mode
     * @return InputStream the resulting input stream
+     * @throws Exception if error
     */
    @Override
    public InputStream getDestinationStream(Item currentItem, InputStream source, boolean verbose)
-            throws Exception
-    {
+        throws Exception {
        PDDocument doc = PDDocument.load(source);
        PDFRenderer renderer = new PDFRenderer(doc);
        BufferedImage buf = renderer.renderImage(0);
@@ -93,20 +76,17 @@ public class PDFBoxThumbnail extends MediaFilter implements SelfRegisterInputFor
    }

    @Override
-    public String[] getInputMIMETypes()
-    {
+    public String[] getInputMIMETypes() {
        return ImageIO.getReaderMIMETypes();
    }

    @Override
-    public String[] getInputDescriptions()
-    {
+    public String[] getInputDescriptions() {
        return null;
    }

    @Override
-    public String[] getInputExtensions()
-    {
+    public String[] getInputExtensions() {
        // Temporarily disabled as JDK 1.6 only
        // return ImageIO.getReaderFileSuffixes();
        return null;
--- a/dspace-api/src/main/java/org/dspace/app/mediafilter/PDFFilter.java
+++ b/dspace-api/src/main/java/org/dspace/app/mediafilter/PDFFilter.java
@@ -28,24 +28,20 @@ import org.dspace.core.ConfigurationManager;
 * instantiate filter - bitstream format doesn't exist
 *
 */
-public class PDFFilter extends MediaFilter
-{
+public class PDFFilter extends MediaFilter {

    private static Logger log = Logger.getLogger(PDFFilter.class);

    @Override
-    public String getFilteredName(String oldFilename)
-    {
+    public String getFilteredName(String oldFilename) {
        return oldFilename + ".txt";
    }

    /**
     * @return String bundle name
-     *
     */
    @Override
-    public String getBundleName()
-    {
+    public String getBundleName() {
        return "TEXT";
    }

@@ -53,8 +49,7 @@ public class PDFFilter extends MediaFilter
     * @return String bitstreamformat
     */
    @Override
-    public String getFormatString()
-    {
+    public String getFormatString() {
        return "Text";
    }

@@ -62,23 +57,21 @@ public class PDFFilter extends MediaFilter
     * @return String description
     */
    @Override
-    public String getDescription()
-    {
+    public String getDescription() {
        return "Extracted text";
    }

    /**
-     * @param source
-     *            source input stream
-     *
+     * @param currentItem item
+     * @param source      source input stream
+     * @param verbose     verbose mode
     * @return InputStream the resulting input stream
+     * @throws Exception if error
     */
    @Override
    public InputStream getDestinationStream(Item currentItem, InputStream source, boolean verbose)
-            throws Exception
-    {
-        try
-        {
+        throws Exception {
+        try {
            boolean useTemporaryFile = ConfigurationManager.getBooleanProperty("pdffilter.largepdfs", false);

            // get input stream from bitstream
@@ -90,62 +83,43 @@ public class PDFFilter extends MediaFilter
            File tempTextFile = null;
            ByteArrayOutputStream byteStream = null;

-            if (useTemporaryFile)
-            {
+            if (useTemporaryFile) {
                tempTextFile = File.createTempFile("dspacepdfextract" + source.hashCode(), ".txt");
                tempTextFile.deleteOnExit();
                writer = new OutputStreamWriter(new FileOutputStream(tempTextFile));
-            }
-            else
-            {
+            } else {
                byteStream = new ByteArrayOutputStream();
                writer = new OutputStreamWriter(byteStream);
            }
-            
-            try
-            {
+
+            try {
                pdfDoc = PDDocument.load(source);
                pts.writeText(pdfDoc, writer);
-            }
-            finally
-            {
-                try
-                {
-                    if (pdfDoc != null)
-                    {
+            } finally {
+                try {
+                    if (pdfDoc != null) {
                        pdfDoc.close();
                    }
-                }
-                catch(Exception e)
-                {
-                   log.error("Error closing PDF file: " + e.getMessage(), e);
+                } catch (Exception e) {
+                    log.error("Error closing PDF file: " + e.getMessage(), e);
                }

-                try
-                {
+                try {
                    writer.close();
-                }
-                catch(Exception e)
-                {
-                   log.error("Error closing temporary extract file: " + e.getMessage(), e);
+                } catch (Exception e) {
+                    log.error("Error closing temporary extract file: " + e.getMessage(), e);
                }
            }

-            if (useTemporaryFile)
-            {
+            if (useTemporaryFile) {
                return new FileInputStream(tempTextFile);
-            }
-            else
-            {
+            } else {
                byte[] bytes = byteStream.toByteArray();
                return new ByteArrayInputStream(bytes);
            }
-        }
-        catch (OutOfMemoryError oome)
-        {
+        } catch (OutOfMemoryError oome) {
            log.error("Error parsing PDF document " + oome.getMessage(), oome);
-            if (!ConfigurationManager.getBooleanProperty("pdffilter.skiponmemoryexception", false))
-            {
+            if (!ConfigurationManager.getBooleanProperty("pdffilter.skiponmemoryexception", false)) {
                throw oome;
            }
        }
--- a/dspace-api/src/main/java/org/dspace/app/mediafilter/PoiWordFilter.java
+++ b/dspace-api/src/main/java/org/dspace/app/mediafilter/PoiWordFilter.java
@@ -0,0 +1,71 @@
+/**
+ * The contents of this file are subject to the license and copyright
+ * detailed in the LICENSE and NOTICE files at the root of the source
+ * tree and available online at
+ *
+ * http://www.dspace.org/license/
+ */
+package org.dspace.app.mediafilter;
+
+import java.io.ByteArrayInputStream;
+import java.io.IOException;
+import java.io.InputStream;
+
+import org.apache.poi.POITextExtractor;
+import org.apache.poi.extractor.ExtractorFactory;
+import org.apache.poi.openxml4j.exceptions.OpenXML4JException;
+import org.apache.xmlbeans.XmlException;
+import org.dspace.content.Item;
+import org.slf4j.Logger;
+import org.slf4j.LoggerFactory;
+
+/**
+ * Extract flat text from Microsoft Word documents (.doc, .docx).
+ */
+public class PoiWordFilter
+    extends MediaFilter {
+    private static final Logger LOG = LoggerFactory.getLogger(PoiWordFilter.class);
+
+    @Override
+    public String getFilteredName(String oldFilename) {
+        return oldFilename + ".txt";
+    }
+
+    @Override
+    public String getBundleName() {
+        return "TEXT";
+    }
+
+    @Override
+    public String getFormatString() {
+        return "Text";
+    }
+
+    @Override
+    public String getDescription() {
+        return "Extracted text";
+    }
+
+    @Override
+    public InputStream getDestinationStream(Item currentItem, InputStream source, boolean verbose)
+        throws Exception {
+        String text;
+        try {
+            // get input stream from bitstream, pass to filter, get string back
+            POITextExtractor extractor = ExtractorFactory.createExtractor(source);
+            text = extractor.getText();
+        } catch (IOException | OpenXML4JException | XmlException e) {
+            System.err.format("Invalid File Format:  %s%n", e.getMessage());
+            LOG.error("Unable to parse the bitstream:  ", e);
+            throw e;
+        }
+
+        // if verbose flag is set, print out extracted text to STDOUT
+        if (verbose) {
+            System.out.println(text);
+        }
+
+        // return the extracted text as a stream.
+        return new ByteArrayInputStream(text.getBytes());
+    }
+}
--- a/dspace-api/src/main/java/org/dspace/app/mediafilter/PowerPointFilter.java
+++ b/dspace-api/src/main/java/org/dspace/app/mediafilter/PowerPointFilter.java
@@ -10,47 +10,41 @@ package org.dspace.app.mediafilter;
 import java.io.ByteArrayInputStream;
 import java.io.InputStream;

-import org.apache.poi.extractor.ExtractorFactory;
-import org.apache.poi.xslf.extractor.XSLFPowerPointExtractor;
-import org.apache.poi.hslf.extractor.PowerPointExtractor;
-import org.apache.poi.POITextExtractor;
-
 import org.apache.log4j.Logger;
+import org.apache.poi.POITextExtractor;
+import org.apache.poi.extractor.ExtractorFactory;
+import org.apache.poi.hslf.extractor.PowerPointExtractor;
+import org.apache.poi.xslf.extractor.XSLFPowerPointExtractor;
 import org.dspace.content.Item;

 /*
 * TODO: Allow user to configure extraction of only text or only notes
- * 
+ *
 */
-public class PowerPointFilter extends MediaFilter
-{
+public class PowerPointFilter extends MediaFilter {

    private static Logger log = Logger.getLogger(PowerPointFilter.class);

    @Override
-    public String getFilteredName(String oldFilename)
-    {
+    public String getFilteredName(String oldFilename) {
        return oldFilename + ".txt";
    }

    /**
     * @return String bundle name
-     * 
     */
    @Override
-    public String getBundleName()
-    {
+    public String getBundleName() {
        return "TEXT";
    }

    /**
     * @return String bitstream format
-     * 
-     *         TODO: Check that this is correct
+     *
+     * TODO: Check that this is correct
     */
    @Override
-    public String getFormatString()
-    {
+    public String getFormatString() {
        return "Text";
    }

@@ -58,57 +52,48 @@ public class PowerPointFilter extends MediaFilter
     * @return String description
     */
    @Override
-    public String getDescription()
-    {
+    public String getDescription() {
        return "Extracted text";
    }

    /**
-     * @param source
-     *            source input stream
-     * 
+     * @param currentItem item
+     * @param source      source input stream
+     * @param verbose     verbose mode
     * @return InputStream the resulting input stream
+     * @throws Exception if error
     */
    @Override
    public InputStream getDestinationStream(Item currentItem, InputStream source, boolean verbose)
-            throws Exception
-    {
+        throws Exception {

-        try
-        {
+        try {

            String extractedText = null;
            new ExtractorFactory();
            POITextExtractor pptExtractor = ExtractorFactory
-                    .createExtractor(source);
+                .createExtractor(source);

            // PowerPoint XML files and legacy format PowerPoint files
            // require different classes and APIs for text extraction

            // If this is a PowerPoint XML file, extract accordingly
-            if (pptExtractor instanceof XSLFPowerPointExtractor)
-            {
+            if (pptExtractor instanceof XSLFPowerPointExtractor) {

                // The true method arguments indicate that text from
                // the slides and the notes is desired
                extractedText = ((XSLFPowerPointExtractor) pptExtractor)
-                        .getText(true, true);
-            }
-
-            // Legacy PowerPoint files
-            else if (pptExtractor instanceof PowerPointExtractor)
-            {
+                    .getText(true, true);
+            } else if (pptExtractor instanceof PowerPointExtractor) { // Legacy PowerPoint files

                extractedText = ((PowerPointExtractor) pptExtractor).getText()
-                        + " " + ((PowerPointExtractor) pptExtractor).getNotes();
+                    + " " + ((PowerPointExtractor) pptExtractor).getNotes();

            }
-            if (extractedText != null)
-            {
+            if (extractedText != null) {
                // if verbose flag is set, print out extracted text
                // to STDOUT
-                if (verbose)
-                {
+                if (verbose) {
                    System.out.println(extractedText);
                }

@@ -118,9 +103,7 @@ public class PowerPointFilter extends MediaFilter

                return bais;
            }
-        }
-        catch (Exception e)
-        {
+        } catch (Exception e) {
            log.error("Error filtering bitstream: " + e.getMessage(), e);
            throw e;
        }
--- a/dspace-api/src/main/java/org/dspace/app/mediafilter/SelfRegisterInputFormats.java
+++ b/dspace-api/src/main/java/org/dspace/app/mediafilter/SelfRegisterInputFormats.java
@@ -11,8 +11,7 @@ package org.dspace.app.mediafilter;
 * Interface to allow filters to register the input formats they handle
 * (useful for exposing underlying capabilities of libraries used)
 */
-public interface SelfRegisterInputFormats
-{
+public interface SelfRegisterInputFormats {
    public String[] getInputMIMETypes();

    public String[] getInputDescriptions();
--- a/dspace-api/src/main/java/org/dspace/app/mediafilter/WordFilter.java
+++ b/dspace-api/src/main/java/org/dspace/app/mediafilter/WordFilter.java
@@ -8,39 +8,34 @@
 package org.dspace.app.mediafilter;

 import java.io.ByteArrayInputStream;
-import java.io.InputStream;
 import java.io.IOException;
+import java.io.InputStream;

 import org.apache.log4j.Logger;
-
 import org.dspace.content.Item;
 import org.textmining.extraction.TextExtractor;
 import org.textmining.extraction.word.WordTextExtractorFactory;

 /*
- * 
+ *
 * to do: helpful error messages - can't find mediafilter.cfg - can't
 * instantiate filter - bitstream format doesn't exist.
- *  
+ *
 */
-public class WordFilter extends MediaFilter
-{
+public class WordFilter extends MediaFilter {

    private static Logger log = Logger.getLogger(WordFilter.class);

    @Override
-    public String getFilteredName(String oldFilename)
-    {
+    public String getFilteredName(String oldFilename) {
        return oldFilename + ".txt";
    }

    /**
     * @return String bundle name
-     *  
     */
    @Override
-    public String getBundleName()
-    {
+    public String getBundleName() {
        return "TEXT";
    }

@@ -48,8 +43,7 @@ public class WordFilter extends MediaFilter
     * @return String bitstreamformat
     */
    @Override
-    public String getFormatString()
-    {
+    public String getFormatString() {
        return "Text";
    }

@@ -57,33 +51,30 @@ public class WordFilter extends MediaFilter
     * @return String description
     */
    @Override
-    public String getDescription()
-    {
+    public String getDescription() {
        return "Extracted text";
    }

    /**
-     * @param source
-     *            source input stream
-     * 
+     * @param currentItem item
+     * @param source      source input stream
+     * @param verbose     verbose mode
     * @return InputStream the resulting input stream
+     * @throws Exception if error
     */
    @Override
    public InputStream getDestinationStream(Item currentItem, InputStream source, boolean verbose)
-            throws Exception
-    {
+        throws Exception {
        // get input stream from bitstream
        // pass to filter, get string back
-        try  
-        {
+        try {
            WordTextExtractorFactory factory = new WordTextExtractorFactory();
            TextExtractor e = factory.textExtractor(source);
            String extractedText = e.getText();

            // if verbose flag is set, print out extracted text
            // to STDOUT
-            if (verbose)
-            {
+            if (verbose) {
                System.out.println(extractedText);
            }

@@ -92,12 +83,10 @@ public class WordFilter extends MediaFilter
            ByteArrayInputStream bais = new ByteArrayInputStream(textBytes);

            return bais; // will this work? or will the byte array be out of scope?
-        } 
-        catch (IOException ioe)
-        {
+        } catch (IOException ioe) {
            System.out.println("Invalid Word Format");
            log.error("Error detected - Word File format not recognized: "
-                    + ioe.getMessage(), ioe);
+                          + ioe.getMessage(), ioe);
            throw ioe;
        }
    }
--- a/dspace-api/src/main/java/org/dspace/app/mediafilter/factory/MediaFilterServiceFactory.java
+++ b/dspace-api/src/main/java/org/dspace/app/mediafilter/factory/MediaFilterServiceFactory.java
@@ -11,7 +11,8 @@ import org.dspace.app.mediafilter.service.MediaFilterService;
 import org.dspace.services.factory.DSpaceServicesFactory;

 /**
- * Abstract factory to get services for the mediafilter package, use MediaFilterServiceFactory.getInstance() to retrieve an implementation
+ * Abstract factory to get services for the mediafilter package, use MediaFilterServiceFactory.getInstance() to
+ * retrieve an implementation
 *
 * @author kevinvandevelde at atmire.com
 */
@@ -19,7 +20,8 @@ public abstract class MediaFilterServiceFactory {

    public abstract MediaFilterService getMediaFilterService();

-    public static MediaFilterServiceFactory getInstance(){
-        return DSpaceServicesFactory.getInstance().getServiceManager().getServiceByName("mediaFilterServiceFactory", MediaFilterServiceFactory.class);
+    public static MediaFilterServiceFactory getInstance() {
+        return DSpaceServicesFactory.getInstance().getServiceManager()
+                                    .getServiceByName("mediaFilterServiceFactory", MediaFilterServiceFactory.class);
    }
 }
--- a/dspace-api/src/main/java/org/dspace/app/mediafilter/factory/MediaFilterServiceFactoryImpl.java
+++ b/dspace-api/src/main/java/org/dspace/app/mediafilter/factory/MediaFilterServiceFactoryImpl.java
@@ -11,7 +11,8 @@ import org.dspace.app.mediafilter.service.MediaFilterService;
 import org.springframework.beans.factory.annotation.Autowired;

 /**
- * Factory implementation to get services for the mediafilter package, use MediaFilterServiceFactory.getInstance() to retrieve an implementation
+ * Factory implementation to get services for the mediafilter package, use MediaFilterServiceFactory.getInstance() to
+ * retrieve an implementation
 *
 * @author kevinvandevelde at atmire.com
 */
--- a/dspace-api/src/main/java/org/dspace/app/mediafilter/service/MediaFilterService.java
+++ b/dspace-api/src/main/java/org/dspace/app/mediafilter/service/MediaFilterService.java
@@ -7,6 +7,9 @@
 */
 package org.dspace.app.mediafilter.service;

+import java.util.List;
+import java.util.Map;
+
 import org.dspace.app.mediafilter.FormatFilter;
 import org.dspace.content.Bitstream;
 import org.dspace.content.Collection;
@@ -14,9 +17,6 @@ import org.dspace.content.Community;
 import org.dspace.content.Item;
 import org.dspace.core.Context;

-import java.util.List;
-import java.util.Map;
-
 /**
 * MediaFilterManager is the class that invokes the media/format filters over the
 * repository's content. A few command line flags affect the operation of the
@@ -36,10 +36,10 @@ public interface MediaFilterService {
    public void applyFiltersAllItems(Context context) throws Exception;

    public void applyFiltersCommunity(Context context, Community community)
-            throws Exception;
+        throws Exception;

    public void applyFiltersCollection(Context context, Collection collection)
-            throws Exception;
+        throws Exception;

    public void applyFiltersItem(Context c, Item item) throws Exception;

@@ -48,8 +48,11 @@ public interface MediaFilterService {
     * Iterate through the item's bitstreams in the ORIGINAL bundle, applying
     * filters if possible.
     *
+     * @param context context
+     * @param myItem  item
     * @return true if any bitstreams processed,
-     *         false if none
+     * false if none
+     * @throws Exception if error
     */
    public boolean filterItem(Context context, Item myItem) throws Exception;

@@ -60,8 +63,12 @@ public interface MediaFilterService {
     * instantiated.  Exceptions from filtering will be logged to STDOUT and
     * swallowed.
     *
+     * @param c           context
+     * @param myItem      item
+     * @param myBitstream bitstream
     * @return true if bitstream processed,
-     *         false if no applicable filter or already processed
+     * false if no applicable filter or already processed
+     * @throws Exception if error
     */
    public boolean filterBitstream(Context c, Item myItem, Bitstream myBitstream) throws Exception;

@@ -72,20 +79,16 @@ public interface MediaFilterService {
     * already been filtered, and if not or if overWrite is set, invokes the
     * filter.
     *
-     * @param c
-     *            context
-     * @param item
-     *            item containing bitstream to process
-     * @param source
-     *            source bitstream to process
-     * @param formatFilter
-     *            FormatFilter to perform filtering
-     *
+     * @param context      context
+     * @param item         item containing bitstream to process
+     * @param source       source bitstream to process
+     * @param formatFilter FormatFilter to perform filtering
     * @return true if new rendition is created, false if rendition already
-     *         exists and overWrite is not set
+     * exists and overWrite is not set
+     * @throws Exception if error occurs
     */
    public boolean processBitstream(Context context, Item item, Bitstream source, FormatFilter formatFilter)
-            throws Exception;
+        throws Exception;

    /**
     * Return the item that is currently being processed/filtered
@@ -102,11 +105,9 @@ public interface MediaFilterService {
    /**
     * Check whether or not to skip processing the given identifier.
     *
-     * @param identifier
-     *            identifier (handle) of a community, collection or item
-     *
+     * @param identifier identifier (handle) of a community, collection or item
     * @return true if this community, collection or item should be skipped
-     *          during processing.  Otherwise, return false.
+     * during processing.  Otherwise, return false.
     */
    public boolean inSkipList(String identifier);

--- a/dspace-api/src/main/java/org/dspace/app/packager/Packager.java
+++ b/dspace-api/src/main/java/org/dspace/app/packager/Packager.java
@@ -25,8 +25,8 @@ import org.dspace.content.DSpaceObject;
 import org.dspace.content.crosswalk.CrosswalkException;
 import org.dspace.content.packager.PackageDisseminator;
 import org.dspace.content.packager.PackageException;
-import org.dspace.content.packager.PackageParameters;
 import org.dspace.content.packager.PackageIngester;
+import org.dspace.content.packager.PackageParameters;
 import org.dspace.core.Constants;
 import org.dspace.core.Context;
 import org.dspace.core.factory.CoreServiceFactory;
@@ -51,7 +51,8 @@ import org.dspace.workflow.WorkflowException;
 * (Add the -h option to get the command to show its own help)
 *
 * <pre>
- *  1. To submit a SIP  (submissions tend to create a *new* object, with a new handle.  If you want to restore an object, see -r option below)
+ *  1. To submit a SIP  (submissions tend to create a *new* object, with a new handle.  If you want to restore an
+ *  object, see -r option below)
 *   dspace packager
 *       -e {ePerson}
 *       -t {PackagerType}
@@ -71,7 +72,8 @@ import org.dspace.workflow.WorkflowException;
 *
 *  2. To restore an AIP  (similar to submit mode, but attempts to restore with the handles/parents specified in AIP):
 *   dspace packager
- *       -r     --- restores a object from a package info, including the specified handle (will throw an error if handle is already in use)
+ *       -r     --- restores a object from a package info, including the specified handle (will throw an error if
+ *       handle is already in use)
 *       -e {ePerson}
 *       -t {PackagerType}
 *       [-o {name}={value} [ -o {name}={value} ..]]
@@ -81,14 +83,19 @@ import org.dspace.workflow.WorkflowException;
 *                  Use with -r to only restore objects which do not already exist.  By default, -r will throw an error
 *                  and rollback all changes when an object is found that already exists.
 *       [-f]   --- Force a restore (even if object already exists).
- *                  Use with -r to replace an existing object with one from a package (essentially a delete and restore).
- *                  By default, -r will throw an error and rollback all changes when an object is found that already exists.
- *       [-i {identifier-handle-of-object}] -- Optional when -f is specified.  When replacing an object, you can specify the
+ *                  Use with -r to replace an existing object with one from a package (essentially a delete and
+ *                  restore).
+ *                  By default, -r will throw an error and rollback all changes when an object is found that already
+ *                  exists.
+ *       [-i {identifier-handle-of-object}] -- Optional when -f is specified.  When replacing an object, you can
+ *       specify the
 *                  object to replace if it cannot be easily determined from the package itself.
 *       {package-filename}
 *
- *   Restoring is very similar to submitting, except that you are recreating pre-existing objects.  So, in a restore, the object(s) are
- *   being recreated based on the details in the AIP.  This means that the object is recreated with the same handle and same parent/children
+ *   Restoring is very similar to submitting, except that you are recreating pre-existing objects.  So, in a restore,
+ *   the object(s) are
+ *   being recreated based on the details in the AIP.  This means that the object is recreated with the same handle
+ *   and same parent/children
 *   objects.  Not all {PackagerTypes} may support a "restore".
 *
 *  3. To write out a DIP:
@@ -113,49 +120,60 @@ import org.dspace.workflow.WorkflowException;
 * @author Tim Donohue
 * @version $Revision$
 */
-public class Packager
-{
+public class Packager {
    /* Various private global settings/options */
    protected String packageType = null;
    protected boolean submit = true;
    protected boolean userInteractionEnabled = true;

    // die from illegal command line
-    protected static void usageError(String msg)
-    {
+    protected static void usageError(String msg) {
        System.out.println(msg);
        System.out.println(" (run with -h flag for details)");
        System.exit(1);
    }

-    public static void main(String[] argv) throws Exception
-    {
+    public static void main(String[] argv) throws Exception {
        Options options = new Options();
        options.addOption("p", "parent", true,
-                "Handle(s) of parent Community or Collection into which to ingest object (repeatable)");
+                          "Handle(s) of parent Community or Collection into which to ingest object (repeatable)");
        options.addOption("e", "eperson", true,
-                "email address of eperson doing importing");
+                          "email address of eperson doing importing");
        options
-                .addOption(
-                        "w",
-                        "install",
-                        false,
-                        "disable workflow; install immediately without going through collection's workflow");
-        options.addOption("r", "restore", false, "ingest in \"restore\" mode.  Restores a missing object based on the contents in a package.");
-        options.addOption("k", "keep-existing", false, "if an object is found to already exist during a restore (-r), then keep the existing object and continue processing.  Can only be used with '-r'.  This avoids object-exists errors which are thrown by -r by default.");
-        options.addOption("f", "force-replace", false, "if an object is found to already exist during a restore (-r), then remove it and replace it with the contents of the package.  Can only be used with '-r'.  This REPLACES the object(s) in the repository with the contents from the package(s).");
+            .addOption(
+                "w",
+                "install",
+                false,
+                "disable workflow; install immediately without going through collection's workflow");
+        options.addOption("r", "restore", false,
+                          "ingest in \"restore\" mode.  Restores a missing object based on the contents in a package.");
+        options.addOption("k", "keep-existing", false,
+                          "if an object is found to already exist during a restore (-r), then keep the existing " +
+                              "object and continue processing.  Can only be used with '-r'.  This avoids " +
+                              "object-exists errors which are thrown by -r by default.");
+        options.addOption("f", "force-replace", false,
+                          "if an object is found to already exist during a restore (-r), then remove it and replace " +
+                              "it with the contents of the package.  Can only be used with '-r'.  This REPLACES the " +
+                              "object(s) in the repository with the contents from the package(s).");
        options.addOption("t", "type", true, "package type or MIMEtype");
        options
-                .addOption("o", "option", true,
-                        "Packager option to pass to plugin, \"name=value\" (repeatable)");
+            .addOption("o", "option", true,
+                       "Packager option to pass to plugin, \"name=value\" (repeatable)");
        options.addOption("d", "disseminate", false,
-                "Disseminate package (output); default is to submit.");
+                          "Disseminate package (output); default is to submit.");
        options.addOption("s", "submit", false,
-                "Submission package (Input); this is the default. ");
+                          "Submission package (Input); this is the default. ");
        options.addOption("i", "identifier", true, "Handle of object to disseminate.");
-        options.addOption("a", "all", false, "also recursively ingest/disseminate any child packages, e.g. all Items within a Collection (not all packagers may support this option!)");
-        options.addOption("h", "help", false, "help (you may also specify '-h -t [type]' for additional help with a specific type of packager)");
-        options.addOption("u", "no-user-interaction", false, "Skips over all user interaction (i.e. [y/n] question prompts) within this script. This flag can be used if you want to save (pipe) a report of all changes to a file, and therefore need to bypass all user interaction.");
+        options.addOption("a", "all", false,
+                          "also recursively ingest/disseminate any child packages, e.g. all Items within a Collection" +
+                              " (not all packagers may support this option!)");
+        options.addOption("h", "help", false,
+                          "help (you may also specify '-h -t [type]' for additional help with a specific type of " +
+                              "packager)");
+        options.addOption("u", "no-user-interaction", false,
+                          "Skips over all user interaction (i.e. [y/n] question prompts) within this script. This " +
+                              "flag can be used if you want to save (pipe) a report of all changes to a file, and " +
+                              "therefore need to bypass all user interaction.");

        CommandLineParser parser = new PosixParser();
        CommandLine line = parser.parse(options, argv);
@@ -170,15 +188,13 @@ public class Packager
        //initialize a new packager -- we'll add all our current params as settings
        Packager myPackager = new Packager();

-        if (line.hasOption('h'))
-        {
+        if (line.hasOption('h')) {
            HelpFormatter myhelp = new HelpFormatter();
            myhelp.printHelp("Packager  [options]  package-file|-\n",
-                    options);
+                             options);
            //If user specified a type, also print out the SIP and DIP options
            // that are specific to that type of packager
-            if (line.hasOption('t'))
-            {
+            if (line.hasOption('t')) {
                System.out.println("\n--------------------------------------------------------------");
                System.out.println("Additional options for the " + line.getOptionValue('t') + " packager:");
                System.out.println("--------------------------------------------------------------");
@@ -187,44 +203,36 @@ public class Packager
                PackageIngester sip = (PackageIngester) pluginService
                    .getNamedPlugin(PackageIngester.class, line.getOptionValue('t'));

-                if (sip != null)
-                {
+                if (sip != null) {
                    System.out.println("\n\n" + line.getOptionValue('t') + " Submission (SIP) plugin options:\n");
                    System.out.println(sip.getParameterHelp());
-                }
-                else
-                {
+                } else {
                    System.out.println("\nNo valid Submission plugin found for " + line.getOptionValue('t') + " type.");
                }

                PackageDisseminator dip = (PackageDisseminator) pluginService
                    .getNamedPlugin(PackageDisseminator.class, line.getOptionValue('t'));

-                if (dip != null)
-                {
+                if (dip != null) {
                    System.out.println("\n\n" + line.getOptionValue('t') + " Dissemination (DIP) plugin options:\n");
                    System.out.println(dip.getParameterHelp());
-                }
-                else
-                {
-                    System.out.println("\nNo valid Dissemination plugin found for " + line.getOptionValue('t') + " type.");
+                } else {
+                    System.out
+                        .println("\nNo valid Dissemination plugin found for " + line.getOptionValue('t') + " type.");
                }

-            }
-            else  //otherwise, display list of valid packager types
-            {
+            } else {
+                //otherwise, display list of valid packager types
                System.out.println("\nAvailable Submission Package (SIP) types:");
                String pn[] = pluginService
-                        .getAllPluginNames(PackageIngester.class);
-                for (int i = 0; i < pn.length; ++i)
-                {
+                    .getAllPluginNames(PackageIngester.class);
+                for (int i = 0; i < pn.length; ++i) {
                    System.out.println("  " + pn[i]);
                }
                System.out
-                        .println("\nAvailable Dissemination Package (DIP) types:");
+                    .println("\nAvailable Dissemination Package (DIP) types:");
                pn = pluginService.getAllPluginNames(PackageDisseminator.class);
-                for (int i = 0; i < pn.length; ++i)
-                {
+                for (int i = 0; i < pn.length; ++i) {
                    System.out.println("  " + pn[i]);
                }
            }
@@ -232,85 +240,66 @@ public class Packager
        }

        //look for flag to disable all user interaction
-        if(line.hasOption('u'))
-        {
+        if (line.hasOption('u')) {
            myPackager.userInteractionEnabled = false;
        }
-        if (line.hasOption('w'))
-        {
+        if (line.hasOption('w')) {
            pkgParams.setWorkflowEnabled(false);
        }
-        if (line.hasOption('r'))
-        {
+        if (line.hasOption('r')) {
            pkgParams.setRestoreModeEnabled(true);
        }
        //keep-existing is only valid in restoreMode (-r) -- otherwise ignore -k option.
-        if (line.hasOption('k') && pkgParams.restoreModeEnabled())
-        {
+        if (line.hasOption('k') && pkgParams.restoreModeEnabled()) {
            pkgParams.setKeepExistingModeEnabled(true);
        }
        //force-replace is only valid in restoreMode (-r) -- otherwise ignore -f option.
-        if (line.hasOption('f') && pkgParams.restoreModeEnabled())
-        {
+        if (line.hasOption('f') && pkgParams.restoreModeEnabled()) {
            pkgParams.setReplaceModeEnabled(true);
        }
-        if (line.hasOption('e'))
-        {
+        if (line.hasOption('e')) {
            eperson = line.getOptionValue('e');
        }
-        if (line.hasOption('p'))
-        {
+        if (line.hasOption('p')) {
            parents = line.getOptionValues('p');
        }
-        if (line.hasOption('t'))
-        {
+        if (line.hasOption('t')) {
            myPackager.packageType = line.getOptionValue('t');
        }
-        if (line.hasOption('i'))
-        {
+        if (line.hasOption('i')) {
            identifier = line.getOptionValue('i');
        }
-        if (line.hasOption('a'))
-        {
-            //enable 'recursiveMode' param to packager implementations, in case it helps with packaging or ingestion process
+        if (line.hasOption('a')) {
+            //enable 'recursiveMode' param to packager implementations, in case it helps with packaging or ingestion
+            // process
            pkgParams.setRecursiveModeEnabled(true);
        }
        String files[] = line.getArgs();
-        if (files.length > 0)
-        {
+        if (files.length > 0) {
            sourceFile = files[0];
        }
-        if (line.hasOption('d'))
-        {
+        if (line.hasOption('d')) {
            myPackager.submit = false;
        }
-        if (line.hasOption('o'))
-        {
+        if (line.hasOption('o')) {
            String popt[] = line.getOptionValues('o');
-            for (int i = 0; i < popt.length; ++i)
-            {
+            for (int i = 0; i < popt.length; ++i) {
                String pair[] = popt[i].split("\\=", 2);
-                if (pair.length == 2)
-                {
+                if (pair.length == 2) {
                    pkgParams.addProperty(pair[0].trim(), pair[1].trim());
-                }
-                else if (pair.length == 1)
-                {
+                } else if (pair.length == 1) {
                    pkgParams.addProperty(pair[0].trim(), "");
-                }
-                else
-                {
+                } else {
                    System.err
-                            .println("Warning: Illegal package option format: \""
-                                    + popt[i] + "\"");
+                        .println("Warning: Illegal package option format: \""
+                                     + popt[i] + "\"");
                }
            }
        }

        // Sanity checks on arg list: required args
        // REQUIRED: sourceFile, ePerson (-e), packageType (-t)
-        if (sourceFile == null || eperson == null || myPackager.packageType == null)
-        {
+        if (sourceFile == null || eperson == null || myPackager.packageType == null) {
            System.err.println("Error - missing a REQUIRED argument or option.\n");
            HelpFormatter myhelp = new HelpFormatter();
            myhelp.printHelp("PackageManager  [options]  package-file|-\n", options);
@@ -321,67 +310,60 @@ public class Packager
        Context context = new Context();
        EPerson myEPerson = null;
        myEPerson = EPersonServiceFactory.getInstance().getEPersonService().findByEmail(context, eperson);
-        if (myEPerson == null)
-        {
+        if (myEPerson == null) {
            usageError("Error, eperson cannot be found: " + eperson);
        }
        context.setCurrentUser(myEPerson);


        //If we are in REPLACE mode
-        if(pkgParams.replaceModeEnabled())
-        {
+        if (pkgParams.replaceModeEnabled()) {
+            context.setMode(Context.Mode.BATCH_EDIT);
            PackageIngester sip = (PackageIngester) pluginService
-                    .getNamedPlugin(PackageIngester.class, myPackager.packageType);
-            if (sip == null)
-            {
+                .getNamedPlugin(PackageIngester.class, myPackager.packageType);
+            if (sip == null) {
                usageError("Error, Unknown package type: " + myPackager.packageType);
            }

            DSpaceObject objToReplace = null;

            //if a specific identifier was specified, make sure it is valid
-            if(identifier!=null && identifier.length()>0)
-            {
-                objToReplace = HandleServiceFactory.getInstance().getHandleService().resolveToObject(context, identifier);
-                if (objToReplace == null)
-                {
+            if (identifier != null && identifier.length() > 0) {
+                objToReplace = HandleServiceFactory.getInstance().getHandleService()
+                                                   .resolveToObject(context, identifier);
+                if (objToReplace == null) {
                    throw new IllegalArgumentException("Bad identifier/handle -- "
-                            + "Cannot resolve handle \"" + identifier + "\"");
+                                                           + "Cannot resolve handle \"" + identifier + "\"");
                }
            }

            String choiceString = null;
-            if(myPackager.userInteractionEnabled)
-            {
+            if (myPackager.userInteractionEnabled) {
                BufferedReader input = new BufferedReader(new InputStreamReader(System.in));
                System.out.println("\n\nWARNING -- You are running the packager in REPLACE mode.");
-                System.out.println("\nREPLACE mode may be potentially dangerous as it will automatically remove and replace contents within DSpace.");
-                System.out.println("We highly recommend backing up all your DSpace contents (files & database) before continuing.");
+                System.out.println(
+                    "\nREPLACE mode may be potentially dangerous as it will automatically remove and replace contents" +
+                        " within DSpace.");
+                System.out.println(
+                    "We highly recommend backing up all your DSpace contents (files & database) before continuing.");
                System.out.print("\nWould you like to continue? [y/n]: ");
                choiceString = input.readLine();
-            }
-            else
-            {
+            } else {
                //user interaction disabled -- default answer to 'yes', otherwise script won't continue
                choiceString = "y";
            }

-            if (choiceString.equalsIgnoreCase("y"))
-            {
+            if (choiceString.equalsIgnoreCase("y")) {
                System.out.println("Beginning replacement process...");

-                try
-                {
+                try {
                    //replace the object from the source file
                    myPackager.replace(context, sip, pkgParams, sourceFile, objToReplace);

                    //commit all changes & exit successfully
                    context.complete();
                    System.exit(0);
-                }
-                catch (Exception e)
-                {
+                } catch (Exception e) {
                    // abort all operations
                    e.printStackTrace();
                    context.abort();
@@ -390,74 +372,67 @@ public class Packager
                }
            }

-        }
-        //else if normal SUBMIT mode (or basic RESTORE mode -- which is a special type of submission)
-        else if (myPackager.submit || pkgParams.restoreModeEnabled())
-        {
+        } else if (myPackager.submit || pkgParams.restoreModeEnabled()) {
+            //else if normal SUBMIT mode (or basic RESTORE mode -- which is a special type of submission)
+            context.setMode(Context.Mode.BATCH_EDIT);
+
            PackageIngester sip = (PackageIngester) pluginService
-                    .getNamedPlugin(PackageIngester.class, myPackager.packageType);
-            if (sip == null)
-            {
+                .getNamedPlugin(PackageIngester.class, myPackager.packageType);
+            if (sip == null) {
                usageError("Error, Unknown package type: " + myPackager.packageType);
            }

            // validate each parent arg (if any)
            DSpaceObject parentObjs[] = null;
-            if(parents!=null)
-            {
+            if (parents != null) {
                System.out.println("Destination parents:");

                parentObjs = new DSpaceObject[parents.length];
-                for (int i = 0; i < parents.length; i++)
-                {
+                for (int i = 0; i < parents.length; i++) {
                    // sanity check: did handle resolve?
                    parentObjs[i] = HandleServiceFactory.getInstance().getHandleService().resolveToObject(context,
-                            parents[i]);
-                    if (parentObjs[i] == null)
-                    {
+                                                                                                          parents[i]);
+                    if (parentObjs[i] == null) {
                        throw new IllegalArgumentException(
-                                "Bad parent list -- "
-                                        + "Cannot resolve parent handle \""
-                                        + parents[i] + "\"");
+                            "Bad parent list -- "
+                                + "Cannot resolve parent handle \""
+                                + parents[i] + "\"");
                    }
                    System.out.println((i == 0 ? "Owner: " : "Parent: ")
-                            + parentObjs[i].getHandle());
+                                           + parentObjs[i].getHandle());
                }
            }

-            try
-            {
+            try {
                //ingest the object from the source file
                myPackager.ingest(context, sip, pkgParams, sourceFile, parentObjs);

                //commit all changes & exit successfully
                context.complete();
                System.exit(0);
-            }
-            catch (Exception e)
-            {
+            } catch (Exception e) {
                // abort all operations
                e.printStackTrace();
                context.abort();
                System.out.println(e);
                System.exit(1);
            }
-        }// else, if DISSEMINATE mode
-        else
-        {
+        } else {
+            // else, if DISSEMINATE mode
+            context.setMode(Context.Mode.READ_ONLY);
+
            //retrieve specified package disseminator
            PackageDisseminator dip = (PackageDisseminator) pluginService
                .getNamedPlugin(PackageDisseminator.class, myPackager.packageType);
-            if (dip == null)
-            {
+            if (dip == null) {
                usageError("Error, Unknown package type: " + myPackager.packageType);
            }

-            DSpaceObject dso = HandleServiceFactory.getInstance().getHandleService().resolveToObject(context, identifier);
-            if (dso == null)
-            {
+            DSpaceObject dso = HandleServiceFactory.getInstance().getHandleService()
+                                                   .resolveToObject(context, identifier);
+            if (dso == null) {
                throw new IllegalArgumentException("Bad identifier/handle -- "
-                        + "Cannot resolve handle \"" + identifier + "\"");
+                                                       + "Cannot resolve handle \"" + identifier + "\"");
            }

            //disseminate the requested object
@@ -473,26 +448,26 @@ public class Packager
     * <p>
     * Please note that replace (-r -f) mode calls the replace() method instead.
     *
-     * @param context DSpace Context
-     * @param sip PackageIngester which will actually ingest the package
-     * @param pkgParams Parameters to pass to individual packager instances
+     * @param context    DSpace Context
+     * @param sip        PackageIngester which will actually ingest the package
+     * @param pkgParams  Parameters to pass to individual packager instances
     * @param sourceFile location of the source package to ingest
     * @param parentObjs Parent DSpace object(s) to attach new object to
-     * @throws IOException
-     * @throws SQLException
-     * @throws FileNotFoundException
-     * @throws AuthorizeException
-     * @throws CrosswalkException
-     * @throws PackageException
+     * @throws IOException           if IO error
+     * @throws SQLException          if database error
+     * @throws FileNotFoundException if file doesn't exist
+     * @throws AuthorizeException    if authorization error
+     * @throws CrosswalkException    if crosswalk error
+     * @throws PackageException      if packaging error
     */
-    protected void ingest(Context context, PackageIngester sip, PackageParameters pkgParams, String sourceFile, DSpaceObject parentObjs[])
-            throws IOException, SQLException, FileNotFoundException, AuthorizeException, CrosswalkException, PackageException
-    {
+    protected void ingest(Context context, PackageIngester sip, PackageParameters pkgParams, String sourceFile,
+                          DSpaceObject parentObjs[])
+        throws IOException, SQLException, FileNotFoundException, AuthorizeException, CrosswalkException,
+        PackageException {
        // make sure we have an input file
        File pkgFile = new File(sourceFile);

-        if(!pkgFile.exists())
-        {
+        if (!pkgFile.exists()) {
            System.out.println("\nERROR: Package located at " + sourceFile + " does not exist!");
            System.exit(1);
        }
@@ -501,108 +476,92 @@ public class Packager

        //find first parent (if specified) -- this will be the "owner" of the object
        DSpaceObject parent = null;
-        if(parentObjs!=null && parentObjs.length>0)
-        {
+        if (parentObjs != null && parentObjs.length > 0) {
            parent = parentObjs[0];
        }
        //NOTE: at this point, Parent may be null -- in which case it is up to the PackageIngester
        // to either determine the Parent (from package contents) or throw an error.

-        try
-        {
+        try {
            //If we are doing a recursive ingest, call ingestAll()
-            if(pkgParams.recursiveModeEnabled())
-            {
+            if (pkgParams.recursiveModeEnabled()) {
                System.out.println("\nAlso ingesting all referenced packages (recursive mode)..");
-                System.out.println("This may take a while, please check your logs for ongoing status while we process each package.");
+                System.out.println(
+                    "This may take a while, please check your logs for ongoing status while we process each package.");

                //ingest first package & recursively ingest anything else that package references (child packages, etc)
                List<String> hdlResults = sip.ingestAll(context, parent, pkgFile, pkgParams, null);

-                if (hdlResults != null)
-                {
+                if (hdlResults != null) {
                    //Report total objects created
                    System.out.println("\nCREATED a total of " + hdlResults.size() + " DSpace Objects.");

                    String choiceString = null;
                    //Ask if user wants full list printed to command line, as this may be rather long.
-                    if (this.userInteractionEnabled)
-                    {
+                    if (this.userInteractionEnabled) {
                        BufferedReader input = new BufferedReader(new InputStreamReader(System.in));
                        System.out.print("\nWould you like to view a list of all objects that were created? [y/n]: ");
                        choiceString = input.readLine();
-                    }
-                    else
-                    {
+                    } else {
                        // user interaction disabled -- default answer to 'yes', as
                        // we want to provide user with as detailed a report as possible.
                        choiceString = "y";
                    }

                    // Provide detailed report if user answered 'yes'
-                    if (choiceString.equalsIgnoreCase("y"))
-                    {
+                    if (choiceString.equalsIgnoreCase("y")) {
                        System.out.println("\n\n");
-                        for (String result : hdlResults)
-                        {
-                            DSpaceObject dso = HandleServiceFactory.getInstance().getHandleService().resolveToObject(context, result);
+                        for (String result : hdlResults) {
+                            DSpaceObject dso = HandleServiceFactory.getInstance().getHandleService()
+                                                                   .resolveToObject(context, result);

-                            if(dso!=null)
-                            {
+                            if (dso != null) {

                                if (pkgParams.restoreModeEnabled()) {
                                    System.out.println("RESTORED DSpace " + Constants.typeText[dso.getType()] +
-                                            " [ hdl=" + dso.getHandle() + ", dbID=" + dso.getID() + " ] ");
+                                                           " [ hdl=" + dso.getHandle() + ", dbID=" + dso
+                                        .getID() + " ] ");
                                } else {
                                    System.out.println("CREATED new DSpace " + Constants.typeText[dso.getType()] +
-                                            " [ hdl=" + dso.getHandle() + ", dbID=" + dso.getID() + " ] ");
+                                                           " [ hdl=" + dso.getHandle() + ", dbID=" + dso
+                                        .getID() + " ] ");
                                }
                            }
                        }
                    }
                }

-            }
-            else
-            {
+            } else {
                //otherwise, just one package to ingest
-                try
-                {
+                try {
                    DSpaceObject dso = sip.ingest(context, parent, pkgFile, pkgParams, null);

-                    if (dso != null)
-                    {
-                        if (pkgParams.restoreModeEnabled())
-                        {
+                    if (dso != null) {
+                        if (pkgParams.restoreModeEnabled()) {
                            System.out.println("RESTORED DSpace " + Constants.typeText[dso.getType()] +
-                                    " [ hdl=" + dso.getHandle() + ", dbID=" + dso.getID() + " ] ");
-                        }
-                        else
-                        {
+                                                   " [ hdl=" + dso.getHandle() + ", dbID=" + dso.getID() + " ] ");
+                        } else {
                            System.out.println("CREATED new DSpace " + Constants.typeText[dso.getType()] +
-                                    " [ hdl=" + dso.getHandle() + ", dbID=" + dso.getID() + " ] ");
+                                                   " [ hdl=" + dso.getHandle() + ", dbID=" + dso.getID() + " ] ");
                        }
                    }
-                }
-                catch (IllegalStateException ie)
-                {
+                } catch (IllegalStateException ie) {
                    // NOTE: if we encounter an IllegalStateException, this means the
                    // handle is already in use and this object already exists.

                    //if we are skipping over (i.e. keeping) existing objects
-                    if (pkgParams.keepExistingModeEnabled())
-                    {
-                        System.out.println("\nSKIPPED processing package '" + pkgFile + "', as an Object already exists with this handle.");
-                    }
-                    else // Pass this exception on -- which essentially causes a full rollback of all changes (this is the default)
-                    {
+                    if (pkgParams.keepExistingModeEnabled()) {
+                        System.out.println(
+                            "\nSKIPPED processing package '" + pkgFile + "', as an Object already exists with this " +
+                                "handle.");
+                    } else {
+                        // Pass this exception on -- which essentially causes a full rollback of all changes (this
+                        // is the default)
                        throw ie;
                    }
                }
            }
-        }
-        catch (WorkflowException e)
-        {
+        } catch (WorkflowException e) {
            throw new PackageException(e);
        }
    }
@@ -612,128 +571,116 @@ public class Packager
     * Disseminate one or more DSpace objects into package(s) based on the
     * options passed to the 'packager' script
     *
-     * @param context DSpace context
-     * @param dip PackageDisseminator which will actually create the package
-     * @param dso DSpace Object to disseminate as a package
-     * @param pkgParams Parameters to pass to individual packager instances
+     * @param context    DSpace context
+     * @param dip        PackageDisseminator which will actually create the package
+     * @param dso        DSpace Object to disseminate as a package
+     * @param pkgParams  Parameters to pass to individual packager instances
     * @param outputFile File where final package should be saved
-     * @throws IOException
-     * @throws SQLException
-     * @throws FileNotFoundException
-     * @throws AuthorizeException
-     * @throws CrosswalkException
-     * @throws PackageException
+     * @throws IOException           if IO error
+     * @throws SQLException          if database error
+     * @throws FileNotFoundException if file doesn't exist
+     * @throws AuthorizeException    if authorization error
+     * @throws CrosswalkException    if crosswalk error
+     * @throws PackageException      if packaging error
     */
    protected void disseminate(Context context, PackageDisseminator dip,
-			       DSpaceObject dso, PackageParameters pkgParams,
-			       String outputFile)
-            throws IOException, SQLException, FileNotFoundException, AuthorizeException, CrosswalkException, PackageException
-    {
+                               DSpaceObject dso, PackageParameters pkgParams,
+                               String outputFile)
+        throws IOException, SQLException, FileNotFoundException, AuthorizeException, CrosswalkException,
+        PackageException {
        // initialize output file
        File pkgFile = new File(outputFile);

        System.out.println("\nDisseminating DSpace " + Constants.typeText[dso.getType()] +
-                            " [ hdl=" + dso.getHandle() + " ] to " + outputFile);
+                               " [ hdl=" + dso.getHandle() + " ] to " + outputFile);

        //If we are doing a recursive dissemination of this object & all its child objects, call disseminateAll()
-        if(pkgParams.recursiveModeEnabled())
-        {
+        if (pkgParams.recursiveModeEnabled()) {
            System.out.println("\nAlso disseminating all child objects (recursive mode)..");
-            System.out.println("This may take a while, please check your logs for ongoing status while we process each package.");
+            System.out.println(
+                "This may take a while, please check your logs for ongoing status while we process each package.");

            //disseminate initial object & recursively disseminate all child objects as well
            List<File> fileResults = dip.disseminateAll(context, dso, pkgParams, pkgFile);

-            if(fileResults!=null)
-            {
+            if (fileResults != null) {
                //Report total files created
                System.out.println("\nCREATED a total of " + fileResults.size() + " dissemination package files.");

                String choiceString = null;
                //Ask if user wants full list printed to command line, as this may be rather long.
-                if(this.userInteractionEnabled)
-                {
+                if (this.userInteractionEnabled) {
                    BufferedReader input = new BufferedReader(new InputStreamReader(System.in));
                    System.out.print("\nWould you like to view a list of all files that were created? [y/n]: ");
                    choiceString = input.readLine();
-                }
-                else
-                {
+                } else {
                    // user interaction disabled -- default answer to 'yes', as
                    // we want to provide user with as detailed a report as possible.
                    choiceString = "y";
                }

                // Provide detailed report if user answered 'yes'
-                if (choiceString.equalsIgnoreCase("y"))
-                {
+                if (choiceString.equalsIgnoreCase("y")) {
                    System.out.println("\n\n");
-                    for(File result : fileResults)
-                    {
+                    for (File result : fileResults) {
                        System.out.println("CREATED package file: " + result.getCanonicalPath());
                    }
                }
            }
-        }
-        else
-        {
+        } else {
            //otherwise, just disseminate a single object to a single package file
            dip.disseminate(context, dso, pkgParams, pkgFile);

-            if(pkgFile!=null && pkgFile.exists())
-            {
+            if (pkgFile != null && pkgFile.exists()) {
                System.out.println("\nCREATED package file: " + pkgFile.getCanonicalPath());
            }
        }
    }


-
    /**
     * Replace an one or more existing DSpace objects with the contents of
     * specified package(s) based on the options passed to the 'packager' script.
     * This method is only called for full replaces ('-r -f' options specified)
     *
-     * @param context DSpace Context
-     * @param sip PackageIngester which will actually replace the object with the package
-     * @param pkgParams Parameters to pass to individual packager instances
-     * @param sourceFile location of the source package to ingest as the replacement
+     * @param context      DSpace Context
+     * @param sip          PackageIngester which will actually replace the object with the package
+     * @param pkgParams    Parameters to pass to individual packager instances
+     * @param sourceFile   location of the source package to ingest as the replacement
     * @param objToReplace DSpace object to replace (may be null if it will be specified in the package itself)
-     * @throws IOException
-     * @throws SQLException
-     * @throws FileNotFoundException
-     * @throws AuthorizeException
-     * @throws CrosswalkException
-     * @throws PackageException
+     * @throws IOException           if IO error
+     * @throws SQLException          if database error
+     * @throws FileNotFoundException if file doesn't exist
+     * @throws AuthorizeException    if authorization error
+     * @throws CrosswalkException    if crosswalk error
+     * @throws PackageException      if packaging error
     */
-    protected void replace(Context context, PackageIngester sip, PackageParameters pkgParams, String sourceFile, DSpaceObject objToReplace)
-            throws IOException, SQLException, FileNotFoundException, AuthorizeException, CrosswalkException, PackageException
-    {
+    protected void replace(Context context, PackageIngester sip, PackageParameters pkgParams, String sourceFile,
+                           DSpaceObject objToReplace)
+        throws IOException, SQLException, FileNotFoundException, AuthorizeException, CrosswalkException,
+        PackageException {

        // make sure we have an input file
        File pkgFile = new File(sourceFile);

-        if(!pkgFile.exists())
-        {
+        if (!pkgFile.exists()) {
            System.out.println("\nPackage located at " + sourceFile + " does not exist!");
            System.exit(1);
        }

        System.out.println("\nReplacing DSpace object(s) with package located at " + sourceFile);
-        if(objToReplace!=null)
-        {
+        if (objToReplace != null) {
            System.out.println("Will replace existing DSpace " + Constants.typeText[objToReplace.getType()] +
-                            " [ hdl=" + objToReplace.getHandle() + " ]");
+                                   " [ hdl=" + objToReplace.getHandle() + " ]");
        }
        // NOTE: At this point, objToReplace may be null.  If it is null, it is up to the PackageIngester
        // to determine which Object needs to be replaced (based on the handle specified in the pkg, etc.)

-        try
-        {
+        try {
            //If we are doing a recursive replace, call replaceAll()
-            if (pkgParams.recursiveModeEnabled())
-            {
-                //ingest first object using package & recursively replace anything else that package references (child objects, etc)
+            if (pkgParams.recursiveModeEnabled()) {
+                //ingest first object using package & recursively replace anything else that package references
+                // (child objects, etc)
                List<String> hdlResults = sip.replaceAll(context, objToReplace, pkgFile, pkgParams);

                if (hdlResults != null) {
@@ -742,52 +689,42 @@ public class Packager

                    String choiceString = null;
                    //Ask if user wants full list printed to command line, as this may be rather long.
-                    if (this.userInteractionEnabled)
-                    {
+                    if (this.userInteractionEnabled) {
                        BufferedReader input = new BufferedReader(new InputStreamReader(System.in));
                        System.out.print("\nWould you like to view a list of all objects that were replaced? [y/n]: ");
                        choiceString = input.readLine();
-                    }
-                    else
-                    {
+                    } else {
                        // user interaction disabled -- default answer to 'yes', as
                        // we want to provide user with as detailed a report as possible.
                        choiceString = "y";
                    }

                    // Provide detailed report if user answered 'yes'
-                    if (choiceString.equalsIgnoreCase("y"))
-                    {
+                    if (choiceString.equalsIgnoreCase("y")) {
                        System.out.println("\n\n");
-                        for (String result : hdlResults)
-                        {
-                            DSpaceObject dso = HandleServiceFactory.getInstance().getHandleService().resolveToObject(context, result);
+                        for (String result : hdlResults) {
+                            DSpaceObject dso = HandleServiceFactory.getInstance().getHandleService()
+                                                                   .resolveToObject(context, result);

-                            if (dso != null)
-                            {
+                            if (dso != null) {
                                System.out.println("REPLACED DSpace " + Constants.typeText[dso.getType()] +
-                                        " [ hdl=" + dso.getHandle() + " ] ");
+                                                       " [ hdl=" + dso.getHandle() + " ] ");
                            }
                        }
                    }


                }
-            }
-            else
-            {
+            } else {
                //otherwise, just one object to replace
                DSpaceObject dso = sip.replace(context, objToReplace, pkgFile, pkgParams);

-                if (dso != null)
-                {
+                if (dso != null) {
                    System.out.println("REPLACED DSpace " + Constants.typeText[dso.getType()] +
-                            " [ hdl=" + dso.getHandle() + " ] ");
+                                           " [ hdl=" + dso.getHandle() + " ] ");
                }
            }
-        }
-        catch (WorkflowException e)
-        {
+        } catch (WorkflowException e) {
            throw new PackageException(e);
        }
    }
--- a/dspace-api/src/main/java/org/dspace/app/requestitem/RequestItem.java
+++ b/dspace-api/src/main/java/org/dspace/app/requestitem/RequestItem.java
@@ -7,25 +7,37 @@
 */
 package org.dspace.app.requestitem;

+import java.util.Date;
+import javax.persistence.Column;
+import javax.persistence.Entity;
+import javax.persistence.FetchType;
+import javax.persistence.GeneratedValue;
+import javax.persistence.GenerationType;
+import javax.persistence.Id;
+import javax.persistence.JoinColumn;
+import javax.persistence.ManyToOne;
+import javax.persistence.SequenceGenerator;
+import javax.persistence.Table;
+import javax.persistence.Temporal;
+import javax.persistence.TemporalType;
+
 import org.dspace.content.Bitstream;
 import org.dspace.content.Item;
 import org.dspace.core.Context;
-
-import javax.persistence.*;
-import java.util.Date;
+import org.dspace.core.ReloadableEntity;

 /**
 * Object representing an Item Request
 */
@Entity
-@Table(name="requestitem")
-public class RequestItem {
+@Table(name = "requestitem")
+public class RequestItem implements ReloadableEntity<Integer> {


    @Id
-    @Column(name="requestitem_id")
-    @GeneratedValue(strategy = GenerationType.SEQUENCE ,generator="requestitem_seq")
-    @SequenceGenerator(name="requestitem_seq", sequenceName="requestitem_seq", allocationSize = 1)
+    @Column(name = "requestitem_id")
+    @GeneratedValue(strategy = GenerationType.SEQUENCE, generator = "requestitem_seq")
+    @SequenceGenerator(name = "requestitem_seq", sequenceName = "requestitem_seq", allocationSize = 1)
    private int requestitem_id;

    @ManyToOne(fetch = FetchType.LAZY)
@@ -42,9 +54,9 @@ public class RequestItem {
    @Column(name = "request_name", length = 64)
    private String reqName;

-//    @Column(name = "request_message")
+    //    @Column(name = "request_message")
 //    @Lob
-    @Column(name="request_message", columnDefinition = "text")
+    @Column(name = "request_message", columnDefinition = "text")
    private String reqMessage;

    @Column(name = "token", unique = true, length = 48)
@@ -70,13 +82,13 @@ public class RequestItem {

    /**
     * Protected constructor, create object using:
-     * {@link org.dspace.app.requestitem.service.RequestItemService#createRequest(Context, Bitstream, Item, boolean, String, String, String)}
+     * {@link org.dspace.app.requestitem.service.RequestItemService#createRequest(Context, Bitstream, Item,
+     * boolean, String, String, String)}
     */
-    protected RequestItem()
-    {
+    protected RequestItem() {
    }

-    public int getID() {
+    public Integer getID() {
        return requestitem_id;
    }

--- a/dspace-api/src/main/java/org/dspace/app/requestitem/RequestItemAuthor.java
+++ b/dspace-api/src/main/java/org/dspace/app/requestitem/RequestItemAuthor.java
@@ -12,19 +12,18 @@ import org.dspace.eperson.EPerson;
 /**
 * Simple DTO to transfer data about the corresponding author for the Request
 * Copy feature
- * 
+ *
 * @author Andrea Bollini
- * 
 */
 public class RequestItemAuthor {
-	private String fullName;
-	private String email;
+    private String fullName;
+    private String email;

-	public RequestItemAuthor(String fullName, String email) {
-		super();
-		this.fullName = fullName;
-		this.email = email;
-	}
+    public RequestItemAuthor(String fullName, String email) {
+        super();
+        this.fullName = fullName;
+        this.email = email;
+    }

    public RequestItemAuthor(EPerson ePerson) {
        super();
@@ -32,11 +31,11 @@ public class RequestItemAuthor {
        this.email = ePerson.getEmail();
    }

-	public String getEmail() {
-		return email;
-	}
+    public String getEmail() {
+        return email;
+    }

-	public String getFullName() {
-		return fullName;
-	}
+    public String getFullName() {
+        return fullName;
+    }
 }
--- a/dspace-api/src/main/java/org/dspace/app/requestitem/RequestItemAuthorExtractor.java
+++ b/dspace-api/src/main/java/org/dspace/app/requestitem/RequestItemAuthorExtractor.java
@@ -15,11 +15,10 @@ import org.dspace.core.Context;
 /**
 * Interface to abstract the strategy for select the author to contact for
 * request copy
- * 
+ *
 * @author Andrea Bollini
- * 
 */
 public interface RequestItemAuthorExtractor {
-	public RequestItemAuthor getRequestItemAuthor(Context context, Item item)
-			throws SQLException;
+    public RequestItemAuthor getRequestItemAuthor(Context context, Item item)
+        throws SQLException;
 }
--- a/dspace-api/src/main/java/org/dspace/app/requestitem/RequestItemHelpdeskStrategy.java
+++ b/dspace-api/src/main/java/org/dspace/app/requestitem/RequestItemHelpdeskStrategy.java
@@ -7,9 +7,10 @@
 */
 package org.dspace.app.requestitem;

+import java.sql.SQLException;
+
 import org.apache.commons.lang.StringUtils;
 import org.apache.log4j.Logger;
-import org.dspace.authorize.AuthorizeException;
 import org.dspace.content.Item;
 import org.dspace.core.ConfigurationManager;
 import org.dspace.core.Context;
@@ -18,16 +19,15 @@ import org.dspace.eperson.EPerson;
 import org.dspace.eperson.service.EPersonService;
 import org.springframework.beans.factory.annotation.Autowired;

-import java.sql.SQLException;
-
 /**
 * RequestItem strategy to allow DSpace support team's helpdesk to receive requestItem request
 * With this enabled, then the Item author/submitter doesn't receive the request, but the helpdesk instead does.
 *
- * Failover to the RequestItemSubmitterStrategy, which means the submitter would get the request if there is no specified helpdesk email.
+ * Failover to the RequestItemSubmitterStrategy, which means the submitter would get the request if there is no
+ * specified helpdesk email.
 *
- *  @author Sam Ottenhoff
- *  @author Peter Dietz
+ * @author Sam Ottenhoff
+ * @author Peter Dietz
 */
 public class RequestItemHelpdeskStrategy extends RequestItemSubmitterStrategy {

@@ -36,11 +36,13 @@ public class RequestItemHelpdeskStrategy extends RequestItemSubmitterStrategy {
    @Autowired(required = true)
    protected EPersonService ePersonService;

-    public RequestItemHelpdeskStrategy() {}
+    public RequestItemHelpdeskStrategy() {
+    }

    @Override
    public RequestItemAuthor getRequestItemAuthor(Context context, Item item) throws SQLException {
-        boolean helpdeskOverridesSubmitter = ConfigurationManager.getBooleanProperty("request.item.helpdesk.override", false);
+        boolean helpdeskOverridesSubmitter = ConfigurationManager
+            .getBooleanProperty("request.item.helpdesk.override", false);
        String helpDeskEmail = ConfigurationManager.getProperty("mail.helpdesk");

        if (helpdeskOverridesSubmitter && StringUtils.isNotBlank(helpDeskEmail)) {
@@ -55,18 +57,20 @@ public class RequestItemHelpdeskStrategy extends RequestItemSubmitterStrategy {
     * Return a RequestItemAuthor object for the specified helpdesk email address.
     * It makes an attempt to find if there is a matching eperson for the helpdesk address, to use the name,
     * Otherwise it falls back to a helpdeskname key in the Messages.props.
-     * @param context
-     * @param helpDeskEmail
-     * @return
+     *
+     * @param context       context
+     * @param helpDeskEmail email
+     * @return RequestItemAuthor
+     * @throws SQLException if database error
     */
-    public RequestItemAuthor getHelpDeskPerson(Context context, String helpDeskEmail) throws SQLException{
+    public RequestItemAuthor getHelpDeskPerson(Context context, String helpDeskEmail) throws SQLException {
        EPerson helpdeskEPerson = null;

        context.turnOffAuthorisationSystem();
        helpdeskEPerson = ePersonService.findByEmail(context, helpDeskEmail);
        context.restoreAuthSystemState();

-        if(helpdeskEPerson != null) {
+        if (helpdeskEPerson != null) {
            return new RequestItemAuthor(helpdeskEPerson);
        } else {
            String helpdeskName = I18nUtil.getMessage(
--- a/dspace-api/src/main/java/org/dspace/app/requestitem/RequestItemMetadataStrategy.java
+++ b/dspace-api/src/main/java/org/dspace/app/requestitem/RequestItemMetadataStrategy.java
@@ -11,8 +11,8 @@ import java.sql.SQLException;
 import java.util.List;

 import org.apache.commons.lang.StringUtils;
-import org.dspace.content.MetadataValue;
 import org.dspace.content.Item;
+import org.dspace.content.MetadataValue;
 import org.dspace.content.service.ItemService;
 import org.dspace.core.Context;
 import org.dspace.core.I18nUtil;
@@ -21,61 +21,55 @@ import org.springframework.beans.factory.annotation.Autowired;
 /**
 * Try to look to an item metadata for the corresponding author name and email.
 * Failover to the RequestItemSubmitterStrategy
- * 
+ *
 * @author Andrea Bollini
- * 
 */
 public class RequestItemMetadataStrategy extends RequestItemSubmitterStrategy {

    protected String emailMetadata;
-    protected String fullNameMatadata;
+    protected String fullNameMetadata;

    @Autowired(required = true)
    protected ItemService itemService;

-	public RequestItemMetadataStrategy() {
-	}
+    public RequestItemMetadataStrategy() {
+    }

-	@Override
-	public RequestItemAuthor getRequestItemAuthor(Context context, Item item)
-			throws SQLException {
-		if (emailMetadata != null)
-		{
-			List<MetadataValue> vals = itemService.getMetadataByMetadataString(item, emailMetadata);
-			if (vals.size() > 0)
-			{
-				String email = vals.iterator().next().getValue();
-				String fullname = null;
-				if (fullNameMatadata != null)
-				{
-                    List<MetadataValue> nameVals = itemService.getMetadataByMetadataString(item, fullNameMatadata);
-					if (nameVals.size() > 0)
-					{
-						fullname = nameVals.iterator().next().getValue();
-					}
-				}
-				
-				if (StringUtils.isBlank(fullname))
-				{
-					fullname = I18nUtil
-							.getMessage(
-									"org.dspace.app.requestitem.RequestItemMetadataStrategy.unnamed",
-									context);					
-				}
-				RequestItemAuthor author = new RequestItemAuthor(
-						fullname, email);
-				return author;
-			}
-		}
-		return super.getRequestItemAuthor(context, item);
-	}
+    @Override
+    public RequestItemAuthor getRequestItemAuthor(Context context, Item item)
+        throws SQLException {
+        if (emailMetadata != null) {
+            List<MetadataValue> vals = itemService.getMetadataByMetadataString(item, emailMetadata);
+            if (vals.size() > 0) {
+                String email = vals.iterator().next().getValue();
+                String fullname = null;
+                if (fullNameMetadata != null) {
+                    List<MetadataValue> nameVals = itemService.getMetadataByMetadataString(item, fullNameMetadata);
+                    if (nameVals.size() > 0) {
+                        fullname = nameVals.iterator().next().getValue();
+                    }
+                }

-	public void setEmailMetadata(String emailMetadata) {
-		this.emailMetadata = emailMetadata;
-	}
+                if (StringUtils.isBlank(fullname)) {
+                    fullname = I18nUtil
+                        .getMessage(
+                            "org.dspace.app.requestitem.RequestItemMetadataStrategy.unnamed",
+                            context);
+                }
+                RequestItemAuthor author = new RequestItemAuthor(
+                    fullname, email);
+                return author;
+            }
+        }
+        return super.getRequestItemAuthor(context, item);
+    }

-	public void setFullNameMatadata(String fullNameMatadata) {
-		this.fullNameMatadata = fullNameMatadata;
-	}
+    public void setEmailMetadata(String emailMetadata) {
+        this.emailMetadata = emailMetadata;
+    }
+
+    public void setFullNameMetadata(String fullNameMetadata) {
+        this.fullNameMetadata = fullNameMetadata;
+    }

 }
--- a/dspace-api/src/main/java/org/dspace/app/requestitem/RequestItemServiceImpl.java
+++ b/dspace-api/src/main/java/org/dspace/app/requestitem/RequestItemServiceImpl.java
@@ -7,6 +7,9 @@
 */
 package org.dspace.app.requestitem;

+import java.sql.SQLException;
+import java.util.Date;
+
 import org.apache.log4j.Logger;
 import org.dspace.app.requestitem.dao.RequestItemDAO;
 import org.dspace.app.requestitem.service.RequestItemService;
@@ -16,9 +19,6 @@ import org.dspace.core.Context;
 import org.dspace.core.Utils;
 import org.springframework.beans.factory.annotation.Autowired;

-import java.sql.SQLException;
-import java.util.Date;
-
 /**
 * Service implementation for the RequestItem object.
 * This class is responsible for all business logic calls for the RequestItem object and is autowired by spring.
@@ -33,13 +33,13 @@ public class RequestItemServiceImpl implements RequestItemService {
    @Autowired(required = true)
    protected RequestItemDAO requestItemDAO;

-    protected RequestItemServiceImpl()
-    {
+    protected RequestItemServiceImpl() {

    }

    @Override
-    public String createRequest(Context context, Bitstream bitstream, Item item, boolean allFiles, String reqEmail, String reqName, String reqMessage) throws SQLException {
+    public String createRequest(Context context, Bitstream bitstream, Item item, boolean allFiles, String reqEmail,
+                                String reqName, String reqMessage) throws SQLException {
        RequestItem requestItem = requestItemDAO.create(context, new RequestItem());

        requestItem.setToken(Utils.generateHexKey());
@@ -53,10 +53,9 @@ public class RequestItemServiceImpl implements RequestItemService {

        requestItemDAO.save(context, requestItem);

-        if (log.isDebugEnabled())
-        {
+        if (log.isDebugEnabled()) {
            log.debug("Created requestitem_token " + requestItem.getID()
-                    + " with token " + requestItem.getToken() +  "\"");
+                          + " with token " + requestItem.getToken() + "\"");
        }
        return requestItem.getToken();
    }
--- a/dspace-api/src/main/java/org/dspace/app/requestitem/RequestItemSubmitterStrategy.java
+++ b/dspace-api/src/main/java/org/dspace/app/requestitem/RequestItemSubmitterStrategy.java
@@ -15,22 +15,21 @@ import org.dspace.eperson.EPerson;

 /**
 * Basic strategy that looks to the original submitter.
- * 
- * @author Andrea Bollini
 *
+ * @author Andrea Bollini
 */
 public class RequestItemSubmitterStrategy implements RequestItemAuthorExtractor {

-	public RequestItemSubmitterStrategy() {		
-	}
+    public RequestItemSubmitterStrategy() {
+    }

-	@Override
-	public RequestItemAuthor getRequestItemAuthor(Context context, Item item)
-			throws SQLException {
-		EPerson submitter = item.getSubmitter();
-		RequestItemAuthor author = new RequestItemAuthor(
-				submitter.getFullName(), submitter.getEmail());
-		return author;
-	}
+    @Override
+    public RequestItemAuthor getRequestItemAuthor(Context context, Item item)
+        throws SQLException {
+        EPerson submitter = item.getSubmitter();
+        RequestItemAuthor author = new RequestItemAuthor(
+            submitter.getFullName(), submitter.getEmail());
+        return author;
+    }

 }
--- a/Show More
+++ b/Show More