Bump to 3.1.1

Backport PR #4316 on branch 3.x (changelog for 3.1.1)

.github/dependabot.yml

@@ -1,4 +1,4 @@
-# dependabot.yaml reference: https://docs.github.com/en/code-security/dependabot/dependabot-version-updates/configuration-options-for-the-dependabot.yml-file
+# dependabot.yml reference: https://docs.github.com/en/code-security/dependabot/dependabot-version-updates/configuration-options-for-the-dependabot.yml-file
 #
 # Notes:
 # - Status and logs from dependabot are provided at
@@ -8,9 +8,8 @@ version: 2
 updates:
   # Maintain dependencies in our GitHub Workflows
   - package-ecosystem: github-actions
-    directory: /
-    labels: [ci]
+    directory: "/"
     schedule:
-      interval: monthly
+      interval: weekly
       time: "05:00"
-      timezone: Etc/UTC
+      timezone: "Etc/UTC"

.github/workflows/release.yml

@@ -84,7 +84,6 @@ jobs:
 
   publish-docker:
     runs-on: ubuntu-20.04
-    timeout-minutes: 20
 
     services:
       # So that we can test this in PRs/branches
@@ -109,10 +108,10 @@ jobs:
       # https://github.com/docker/build-push-action/tree/v2.4.0#usage
       # https://github.com/docker/build-push-action/blob/v2.4.0/docs/advanced/multi-platform.md
       - name: Set up QEMU (for docker buildx)
-        uses: docker/setup-qemu-action@v2
+        uses: docker/setup-qemu-action@e81a89b1732b9c48d79cd809d8d81d79c4647a18 # associated tag: v1.0.2
 
       - name: Set up Docker Buildx (for multi-arch builds)
-        uses: docker/setup-buildx-action@v2
+        uses: docker/setup-buildx-action@8c0edbc76e98fa90f69d9a2c020dcb50019dc325
         with:
           # Allows pushing to registry on localhost:5000
           driver-opts: network=host
@@ -150,7 +149,7 @@ jobs:
           branchRegex: ^\w[\w-.]*$
 
       - name: Build and push jupyterhub
-        uses: docker/build-push-action@3b5e8027fcad23fda98b2e3ac259d8d67585f671
+        uses: docker/build-push-action@c56af957549030174b10d6867f20e78cfd7debc5
         with:
           context: .
           platforms: linux/amd64,linux/arm64
@@ -171,7 +170,7 @@ jobs:
           branchRegex: ^\w[\w-.]*$
 
       - name: Build and push jupyterhub-onbuild
-        uses: docker/build-push-action@3b5e8027fcad23fda98b2e3ac259d8d67585f671
+        uses: docker/build-push-action@c56af957549030174b10d6867f20e78cfd7debc5
         with:
           build-args: |
             BASE_IMAGE=${{ fromJson(steps.jupyterhubtags.outputs.tags)[0] }}
@@ -192,7 +191,7 @@ jobs:
           branchRegex: ^\w[\w-.]*$
 
       - name: Build and push jupyterhub-demo
-        uses: docker/build-push-action@3b5e8027fcad23fda98b2e3ac259d8d67585f671
+        uses: docker/build-push-action@c56af957549030174b10d6867f20e78cfd7debc5
         with:
           build-args: |
             BASE_IMAGE=${{ fromJson(steps.onbuildtags.outputs.tags)[0] }}
@@ -216,7 +215,7 @@ jobs:
           branchRegex: ^\w[\w-.]*$
 
       - name: Build and push jupyterhub/singleuser
-        uses: docker/build-push-action@3b5e8027fcad23fda98b2e3ac259d8d67585f671
+        uses: docker/build-push-action@c56af957549030174b10d6867f20e78cfd7debc5
         with:
           build-args: |
             JUPYTERHUB_VERSION=${{ github.ref_type == 'tag' && github.ref_name || format('git:{0}', github.sha) }}

.github/workflows/support-bot.yml

@@ -12,7 +12,7 @@ jobs:
   action:
     runs-on: ubuntu-latest
     steps:
-      - uses: dessant/support-requests@v3
+      - uses: dessant/support-requests@v2
         with:
           github-token: ${{ github.token }}
           support-label: "support"
@@ -25,7 +25,7 @@ jobs:
 
             Our goal is to sustain a positive experience for both users and developers. We use GitHub issues for specific discussions related to changing a repository's content, and let the forum be where we can more generally help and inspire each other.
 
-            Thank you for being an active member of our community! :heart:
+            Thanks you for being an active member of our community! :heart:
           close-issue: true
           lock-issue: false
           issue-lock-reason: "off-topic"

.github/workflows/test-docs.yml

@@ -49,11 +49,6 @@ jobs:
     runs-on: ubuntu-20.04
     steps:
       - uses: actions/checkout@v3
-        with:
-          # make rediraffecheckdiff requires git history to compare current
-          # commit with the main branch and previous releases.
-          fetch-depth: 0
-
       - uses: actions/setup-python@v4
         with:
           python-version: "3.9"
@@ -65,43 +60,3 @@ jobs:
       - name: pytest docs/
         run: |
           pytest docs/
-
-      # readthedocs doesn't halt on warnings,
-      # so raise any warnings here
-      - name: build docs
-        run: |
-          cd docs
-          make html
-
-      - name: check links
-        run: |
-          cd docs
-          make linkcheck
-
-      # make rediraffecheckdiff compares files for different changesets
-      # these diff targets aren't always available
-      # - compare with base ref (usually 'main', always on 'origin') for pull requests
-      # - only compare with tags when running against jupyterhub/jupyterhub
-      #   to avoid errors on forks, which often lack tags
-      - name: check redirects for this PR
-        if: github.event_name == 'pull_request'
-        run: |
-          cd docs
-          export REDIRAFFE_BRANCH=origin/${{ github.base_ref }}
-          make rediraffecheckdiff
-
-      # this should check currently published 'stable' links for redirects
-      - name: check redirects since last release
-        if: github.repository == 'jupyterhub/jupyterhub'
-        run: |
-          cd docs
-          export REDIRAFFE_BRANCH=$(git describe --tags --abbrev=0)
-          make rediraffecheckdiff
-
-      # longer-term redirect check (fixed version) for older links
-      - name: check redirects since 3.0.0
-        if: github.repository == 'jupyterhub/jupyterhub'
-        run: |
-          cd docs
-          export REDIRAFFE_BRANCH=3.0.0
-          make rediraffecheckdiff

.github/workflows/test.yml

@@ -28,6 +28,7 @@ on:
 env:
   # UTF-8 content may be interpreted as ascii and causes errors without this.
   LANG: C.UTF-8
+  PYTEST_ADDOPTS: "--verbose --color=yes"
   SQLALCHEMY_WARN_20: "1"
 
 permissions:
@@ -78,28 +79,17 @@ jobs:
             oldest_dependencies: oldest_dependencies
             legacy_notebook: legacy_notebook
           - python: "3.8"
-            jupyter_server: "1.*"
-            subset: singleuser
+            legacy_notebook: legacy_notebook
           - python: "3.9"
             db: mysql
           - python: "3.10"
             db: postgres
           - python: "3.11"
             subdomain: subdomain
-            serverextension: serverextension
           - python: "3.11"
             ssl: ssl
-            serverextension: serverextension
           - python: "3.11"
-            subdomain: subdomain
-            noextension: noextension
-            subset: singleuser
-          - python: "3.11"
-            ssl: ssl
-            noextension: noextension
-            subset: singleuser
-          - python: "3.11"
-            browser: browser
+            selenium: selenium
           - python: "3.11"
             main_dependencies: main_dependencies
 
@@ -114,7 +104,7 @@ jobs:
           fi
           if [ "${{ matrix.db }}" == "mysql" ]; then
               echo "MYSQL_HOST=127.0.0.1" >> $GITHUB_ENV
-              echo "JUPYTERHUB_TEST_DB_URL=mysql+mysqldb://root@127.0.0.1:3306/jupyterhub" >> $GITHUB_ENV
+              echo "JUPYTERHUB_TEST_DB_URL=mysql+mysqlconnector://root@127.0.0.1:3306/jupyterhub" >> $GITHUB_ENV
           fi
           if [ "${{ matrix.ssl }}" == "ssl" ]; then
               echo "SSL_ENABLED=1" >> $GITHUB_ENV
@@ -125,10 +115,8 @@ jobs:
               echo "PGPASSWORD=hub[test/:?" >> $GITHUB_ENV
               echo "JUPYTERHUB_TEST_DB_URL=postgresql://test_user:hub%5Btest%2F%3A%3F@127.0.0.1:5432/jupyterhub" >> $GITHUB_ENV
           fi
-          if [ "${{ matrix.serverextension }}" != "" ]; then
-              echo "JUPYTERHUB_SINGLEUSER_EXTENSION=1" >> $GITHUB_ENV
-          elif [ "${{ matrix.noextension }}" != "" ]; then
-              echo "JUPYTERHUB_SINGLEUSER_EXTENSION=0" >> $GITHUB_ENV
+          if [ "${{ matrix.jupyter_server }}" != "" ]; then
+              echo "JUPYTERHUB_SINGLEUSER_APP=jupyterhub.tests.mockserverapp.MockServerApp" >> $GITHUB_ENV
           fi
       - uses: actions/checkout@v3
       # NOTE: actions/setup-node@v3 make use of a cache within the GitHub base
@@ -164,27 +152,19 @@ jobs:
           fi
 
           if [ "${{ matrix.main_dependencies }}" != "" ]; then
-              # Tests are broken:
-              # https://github.com/jupyterhub/jupyterhub/issues/4418
-              # pip install git+https://github.com/ipython/traitlets#egg=traitlets --force
+              pip install git+https://github.com/ipython/traitlets#egg=traitlets --force
               pip install --upgrade --pre sqlalchemy
           fi
           if [ "${{ matrix.legacy_notebook }}" != "" ]; then
               pip uninstall jupyter_server --yes
               pip install 'notebook<7'
           fi
-          if [ "${{ matrix.jupyter_server }}" != "" ]; then
-              pip install "jupyter_server==${{ matrix.jupyter_server }}"
-          fi
           if [ "${{ matrix.db }}" == "mysql" ]; then
-              pip install mysqlclient
+              pip install mysql-connector-python
           fi
           if [ "${{ matrix.db }}" == "postgres" ]; then
               pip install psycopg2-binary
           fi
-          if [ "${{ matrix.serverextension }}" != "" ]; then
-            pip install 'jupyter-server>=2'
-          fi
 
           pip freeze
 
@@ -228,18 +208,23 @@ jobs:
               DB=postgres bash ci/docker-db.sh
               DB=postgres bash ci/init-db.sh
           fi
+      - name: Setup Firefox
+        if: matrix.selenium
+        uses: browser-actions/setup-firefox@latest
+        with:
+          firefox-version: latest
 
-      - name: Configure browser tests
-        if: matrix.browser
-        run: echo "PYTEST_ADDOPTS=$PYTEST_ADDOPTS -m browser" >> "${GITHUB_ENV}"
+      - name: Setup Geckodriver
+        if: matrix.selenium
+        uses: browser-actions/setup-geckodriver@latest
 
-      - name: Ensure browsers are installed for playwright
-        if: matrix.browser
-        run: python -m playwright install --with-deps
+      - name: Configure selenium tests
+        if: matrix.selenium
+        run: echo "PYTEST_ADDOPTS=$PYTEST_ADDOPTS -m selenium" >> "${GITHUB_ENV}"
 
       - name: Run pytest
         run: |
-          pytest -k "${{ matrix.subset }}" --maxfail=2 --cov=jupyterhub jupyterhub/tests
+          pytest --maxfail=2 --cov=jupyterhub jupyterhub/tests
 
       - uses: codecov/codecov-action@v3
 
@@ -252,8 +237,9 @@ jobs:
 
       - name: build images
         run: |
-          DOCKER_BUILDKIT=1 docker build -t jupyterhub/jupyterhub .
+          docker build -t jupyterhub/jupyterhub .
           docker build -t jupyterhub/jupyterhub-onbuild onbuild
+          docker build -t jupyterhub/jupyterhub:alpine -f dockerfiles/Dockerfile.alpine .
           docker build -t jupyterhub/singleuser singleuser
 
       - name: smoke test jupyterhub

.gitignore

@@ -9,8 +9,6 @@ docs/_build
 docs/build
 docs/source/_static/rest-api
 docs/source/rbac/scope-table.md
-docs/source/reference/metrics.md
-
 .ipynb_checkpoints
 jsx/build/
 # ignore config file at the top-level of the repo
@@ -18,7 +16,6 @@ jsx/build/
 /jupyterhub_config.py
 jupyterhub_cookie_secret
 jupyterhub.sqlite
-jupyterhub.sqlite*
 package-lock.json
 share/jupyterhub/static/components
 share/jupyterhub/static/css/style.min.css

.pre-commit-config.yaml

@@ -8,23 +8,18 @@
 # - Run on all files:   pre-commit run --all-files
 # - Register git hooks: pre-commit install --install-hooks
 #
-
-ci:
-  # pre-commit.ci will open PRs updating our hooks once a month
-  autoupdate_schedule: monthly
-
 repos:
   # Autoformat: Python code, syntax patterns are modernized
   - repo: https://github.com/asottile/pyupgrade
-    rev: v3.4.0
+    rev: v3.2.2
     hooks:
       - id: pyupgrade
         args:
-          - --py37-plus
+          - --py36-plus
 
   # Autoformat: Python code
   - repo: https://github.com/PyCQA/autoflake
-    rev: v2.1.1
+    rev: v2.0.0
     hooks:
       - id: autoflake
         # args ref: https://github.com/PyCQA/autoflake#advanced-usage
@@ -33,19 +28,19 @@ repos:
 
   # Autoformat: Python code
   - repo: https://github.com/pycqa/isort
-    rev: 5.12.0
+    rev: 5.10.1
     hooks:
       - id: isort
 
   # Autoformat: Python code
   - repo: https://github.com/psf/black
-    rev: 23.3.0
+    rev: 22.10.0
     hooks:
       - id: black
 
   # Autoformat: markdown, yaml, javascript (see the file .prettierignore)
   - repo: https://github.com/pre-commit/mirrors-prettier
-    rev: v3.0.0-alpha.9-for-vscode
+    rev: v3.0.0-alpha.4
     hooks:
       - id: prettier
 

.prettierignore

@@ -1,3 +1,2 @@
 share/jupyterhub/templates/
 share/jupyterhub/static/js/admin-react.js
-jupyterhub/singleuser/templates/

Dockerfile

@@ -21,116 +21,83 @@
 # your jupyterhub_config.py will be added automatically
 # from your docker directory.
 
-######################################################################
-# This Dockerfile uses multi-stage builds with optimisations to build
-# the JupyterHub wheel on the native architecture only
-# https://www.docker.com/blog/faster-multi-platform-builds-dockerfile-cross-compilation-guide/
-
 ARG BASE_IMAGE=ubuntu:22.04
+FROM $BASE_IMAGE AS builder
 
+USER root
 
-######################################################################
-# The JupyterHub wheel is pure Python so can be built for any platform
-# on the native architecture (avoiding QEMU emulation)
-FROM --platform=${BUILDPLATFORM:-linux/amd64} $BASE_IMAGE AS jupyterhub-builder
-
-ENV DEBIAN_FRONTEND=noninteractive
-
-# Don't clear apt cache, and don't combine RUN commands, so that cached layers can
-# be reused in other stages
-
-RUN apt-get update -qq \
- && apt-get install -yqq --no-install-recommends \
+ENV DEBIAN_FRONTEND noninteractive
+RUN apt-get update \
+ && apt-get install -yq --no-install-recommends \
     build-essential \
     ca-certificates \
-    curl \
     locales \
     python3-dev \
     python3-pip \
     python3-pycurl \
     python3-venv \
- && python3 -m pip install --no-cache-dir --upgrade setuptools pip build wheel
-# Ubuntu 22.04 comes with Nodejs 12 which is too old for building JupyterHub JS
-# It's fine at runtime though (used only by configurable-http-proxy)
-RUN curl -fsSL https://deb.nodesource.com/setup_18.x | bash - \
- && apt-get install -yqq --no-install-recommends \
     nodejs \
- && npm install --global yarn
+    npm \
+ && apt-get clean \
+ && rm -rf /var/lib/apt/lists/*
+
+RUN python3 -m pip install --upgrade setuptools pip build wheel
+RUN npm install --global yarn
 
-WORKDIR /src/jupyterhub
 # copy everything except whats in .dockerignore, its a
 # compromise between needing to rebuild and maintaining
 # what needs to be part of the build
-COPY . .
+COPY . /src/jupyterhub/
+WORKDIR /src/jupyterhub
 
-ARG PIP_CACHE_DIR=/tmp/pip-cache
-RUN --mount=type=cache,target=${PIP_CACHE_DIR} \
-    python3 -m build --wheel
+# Build client component packages (they will be copied into ./share and
+# packaged with the built wheel.)
+RUN python3 -m build --wheel
+RUN python3 -m pip wheel --wheel-dir wheelhouse dist/*.whl
 
 
-######################################################################
-# All other wheels required by JupyterHub, some are platform specific
-FROM $BASE_IMAGE AS wheel-builder
+FROM $BASE_IMAGE
+
+USER root
 
 ENV DEBIAN_FRONTEND=noninteractive
 
-RUN apt-get update -qq \
- && apt-get install -yqq --no-install-recommends \
-    build-essential \
+RUN apt-get update \
+ && apt-get install -yq --no-install-recommends \
     ca-certificates \
     curl \
+    gnupg \
     locales \
-    python3-dev \
     python3-pip \
     python3-pycurl \
-    python3-venv \
- && python3 -m pip install --no-cache-dir --upgrade setuptools pip build wheel
+    nodejs \
+    npm \
+ && apt-get clean \
+ && rm -rf /var/lib/apt/lists/*
 
-WORKDIR /src/jupyterhub
-
-COPY --from=jupyterhub-builder /src/jupyterhub/dist/*.whl /src/jupyterhub/dist/
-ARG PIP_CACHE_DIR=/tmp/pip-cache
-RUN --mount=type=cache,target=${PIP_CACHE_DIR} \
-    python3 -m pip wheel --wheel-dir wheelhouse dist/*.whl
-
-
-######################################################################
-# The final JupyterHub image, platform specific
-FROM $BASE_IMAGE AS jupyterhub
-
-ENV DEBIAN_FRONTEND=noninteractive \
-    SHELL=/bin/bash \
+ENV SHELL=/bin/bash \
     LC_ALL=en_US.UTF-8 \
     LANG=en_US.UTF-8 \
-    LANGUAGE=en_US.UTF-8 \
-    PYTHONDONTWRITEBYTECODE=1
+    LANGUAGE=en_US.UTF-8
+
+RUN  locale-gen $LC_ALL
+
+# always make sure pip is up to date!
+RUN python3 -m pip install --no-cache --upgrade setuptools pip
+
+RUN npm install -g configurable-http-proxy@^4.2.0 \
+ && rm -rf ~/.npm
+
+# install the wheels we built in the first stage
+COPY --from=builder /src/jupyterhub/wheelhouse /tmp/wheelhouse
+RUN python3 -m pip install --no-cache /tmp/wheelhouse/*
+
+RUN mkdir -p /srv/jupyterhub/
+WORKDIR /srv/jupyterhub/
 
 EXPOSE 8000
 
 LABEL maintainer="Jupyter Project <jupyter@googlegroups.com>"
 LABEL org.jupyter.service="jupyterhub"
 
-WORKDIR /srv/jupyterhub
-
-RUN apt-get update -qq \
- && apt-get install -yqq --no-install-recommends \
-    ca-certificates \
-    curl \
-    gnupg \
-    locales \
-    python-is-python3 \
-    python3-pip \
-    python3-pycurl \
-    nodejs \
-    npm \
- && locale-gen $LC_ALL \
- && npm install -g configurable-http-proxy@^4.2.0 \
- # clean cache and logs
- && rm -rf /var/lib/apt/lists/* /var/log/* /var/tmp/* ~/.npm
-# install the wheels we built in the previous stage
-RUN --mount=type=cache,from=wheel-builder,source=/src/jupyterhub/wheelhouse,target=/tmp/wheelhouse \
-    # always make sure pip is up to date!
-    python3 -m pip install --no-compile --no-cache-dir --upgrade setuptools pip \
- && python3 -m pip install --no-compile --no-cache-dir /tmp/wheelhouse/*
-
 CMD ["jupyterhub"]

README.md

@@ -8,6 +8,15 @@
 
 ---
 
+Please note that this repository is participating in a study into the sustainability of open source projects. Data will be gathered about this repository for approximately the next 12 months, starting from 2021-06-11.
+
+Data collected will include the number of contributors, number of PRs, time taken to close/merge these PRs, and issues closed.
+
+For more information, please visit
+[our informational page](https://sustainable-open-science-and-software.github.io/) or download our [participant information sheet](https://sustainable-open-science-and-software.github.io/assets/PIS_sustainable_software.pdf).
+
+---
+
 # [JupyterHub](https://github.com/jupyterhub/jupyterhub)
 
 [![Latest PyPI version](https://img.shields.io/pypi/v/jupyterhub?logo=pypi)](https://pypi.python.org/pypi/jupyterhub)
@@ -118,7 +127,7 @@ more configuration of the system.
 
 ## Configuration
 
-The [Getting Started](https://jupyterhub.readthedocs.io/en/latest/tutorial/index.html#getting-started) section of the
+The [Getting Started](https://jupyterhub.readthedocs.io/en/latest/getting-started/index.html) section of the
 documentation explains the common steps in setting up JupyterHub.
 
 The [**JupyterHub tutorial**](https://github.com/jupyterhub/jupyterhub-tutorial)
@@ -230,9 +239,9 @@ You can also talk with us on our JupyterHub [Gitter](https://gitter.im/jupyterhu
 
 - [Reporting Issues](https://github.com/jupyterhub/jupyterhub/issues)
 - [JupyterHub tutorial](https://github.com/jupyterhub/jupyterhub-tutorial)
-- [Documentation for JupyterHub](https://jupyterhub.readthedocs.io/en/latest/)
+- [Documentation for JupyterHub](https://jupyterhub.readthedocs.io/en/latest/) | [PDF (latest)](https://media.readthedocs.org/pdf/jupyterhub/latest/jupyterhub.pdf) | [PDF (stable)](https://media.readthedocs.org/pdf/jupyterhub/stable/jupyterhub.pdf)
 - [Documentation for JupyterHub's REST API][rest api]
-- [Documentation for Project Jupyter](http://jupyter.readthedocs.io/en/latest/index.html)
+- [Documentation for Project Jupyter](http://jupyter.readthedocs.io/en/latest/index.html) | [PDF](https://media.readthedocs.org/pdf/jupyter/latest/jupyter.pdf)
 - [Project Jupyter website](https://jupyter.org)
 - [Project Jupyter community](https://jupyter.org/community)
 

ci/check_installed_data.py

@@ -12,7 +12,7 @@ print(f"DATA_FILES_PATH={DATA_FILES_PATH}", end=" ")
 DATA_FILES_PATH = Path(DATA_FILES_PATH)
 assert DATA_FILES_PATH.is_dir(), DATA_FILES_PATH
 for subpath in (
-    "templates/spawn.html",
+    "templates/page.html",
     "static/css/style.min.css",
     "static/components/jquery/dist/jquery.js",
     "static/js/admin-react.js",
@@ -28,7 +28,6 @@ for subpath in (
     "alembic.ini",
     "alembic/versions/833da8570507_rbac.py",
     "event-schemas/server-actions/v1.yaml",
-    "singleuser/templates/page.html",
 ):
     path = jupyterhub_path / subpath
     assert path.is_file(), path

dockerfiles/Dockerfile.alpine

@@ -0,0 +1,14 @@
+FROM alpine:3.13
+ENV LANG=en_US.UTF-8
+RUN apk add --no-cache \
+        python3 \
+        py3-pip \
+        py3-ruamel.yaml \
+        py3-cryptography \
+        py3-sqlalchemy
+
+ARG JUPYTERHUB_VERSION=1.3.0
+RUN pip3 install --no-cache jupyterhub==${JUPYTERHUB_VERSION}
+
+USER nobody
+CMD ["jupyterhub"]

dockerfiles/README.md

@@ -0,0 +1,22 @@
+## What is Dockerfile.alpine
+
+Dockerfile.alpine contains the base image for jupyterhub. It does not work independently, but only as part of a full jupyterhub cluster
+
+## How to use it?
+
+You will need:
+
+1. A running configurable-http-proxy, whose API is accessible.
+2. A jupyterhub_config file.
+3. Authentication and other libraries required by the specific jupyterhub_config file.
+
+## Steps to test it outside a cluster
+
+- start configurable-http-proxy in another container
+- specify CONFIGPROXY_AUTH_TOKEN env in both containers
+- put both containers on the same network (e.g. docker network create jupyterhub; docker run ... --net jupyterhub)
+- tell jupyterhub where CHP is (e.g. c.ConfigurableHTTPProxy.api_url = 'http://chp:8001')
+- tell jupyterhub not to start the proxy itself (c.ConfigurableHTTPProxy.should_start = False)
+- Use a dummy authenticator for ease of testing. Update following in jupyterhub_config file
+  - c.JupyterHub.authenticator_class = 'dummyauthenticator.DummyAuthenticator'
+  - c.DummyAuthenticator.password = "your strong password"

docs/Makefile

@@ -1,62 +1,212 @@
-# Makefile for Sphinx documentation generated by sphinx-quickstart
-# ----------------------------------------------------------------------------
+# Makefile for Sphinx documentation
+#
 
-# You can set these variables from the command line, and also
-# from the environment for the first two.
-SPHINXOPTS    ?= --color -W --keep-going
-SPHINXBUILD   ?= sphinx-build
-SOURCEDIR     = source
-BUILDDIR      = _build
+# You can set these variables from the command line.
+SPHINXOPTS    = "-W"
+SPHINXBUILD   = sphinx-build
+PAPER         =
+BUILDDIR      = build
+
+# User-friendly check for sphinx-build
+ifeq ($(shell which $(SPHINXBUILD) >/dev/null 2>&1; echo $$?), 1)
+$(error The '$(SPHINXBUILD)' command was not found. Make sure you have Sphinx installed, then set the SPHINXBUILD environment variable to point to the full path of the '$(SPHINXBUILD)' executable. Alternatively you can add the directory with the executable to your PATH. If you don't have Sphinx installed, grab it from http://sphinx-doc.org/)
+endif
+
+# Internal variables.
+PAPEROPT_a4     = -D latex_paper_size=a4
+PAPEROPT_letter = -D latex_paper_size=letter
+ALLSPHINXOPTS   = -d $(BUILDDIR)/doctrees $(PAPEROPT_$(PAPER)) $(SPHINXOPTS) source
+# the i18n builder cannot share the environment and doctrees with the others
+I18NSPHINXOPTS  = $(PAPEROPT_$(PAPER)) $(SPHINXOPTS) source
+
+.PHONY: help clean html dirhtml singlehtml pickle json htmlhelp qthelp devhelp epub latex latexpdf text man changes linkcheck doctest coverage gettext
 
-# Put it first so that "make" without argument is like "make help".
 help:
-	@$(SPHINXBUILD) -M help "$(SOURCEDIR)" "$(BUILDDIR)" $(SPHINXOPTS)
+	@echo "Please use \`make <target>' where <target> is one of"
+	@echo "  html       to make standalone HTML files"
+	@echo "  dirhtml    to make HTML files named index.html in directories"
+	@echo "  singlehtml to make a single large HTML file"
+	@echo "  pickle     to make pickle files"
+	@echo "  json       to make JSON files"
+	@echo "  htmlhelp   to make HTML files and a HTML help project"
+	@echo "  qthelp     to make HTML files and a qthelp project"
+	@echo "  applehelp  to make an Apple Help Book"
+	@echo "  devhelp    to make HTML files and a Devhelp project"
+	@echo "  epub       to make an epub"
+	@echo "  latex      to make LaTeX files, you can set PAPER=a4 or PAPER=letter"
+	@echo "  latexpdf   to make LaTeX files and run them through pdflatex"
+	@echo "  latexpdfja to make LaTeX files and run them through platex/dvipdfmx"
+	@echo "  text       to make text files"
+	@echo "  man        to make manual pages"
+	@echo "  texinfo    to make Texinfo files"
+	@echo "  info       to make Texinfo files and run them through makeinfo"
+	@echo "  gettext    to make PO message catalogs"
+	@echo "  changes    to make an overview of all changed/added/deprecated items"
+	@echo "  xml        to make Docutils-native XML files"
+	@echo "  pseudoxml  to make pseudoxml-XML files for display purposes"
+	@echo "  linkcheck  to check all external links for integrity"
+	@echo "  doctest    to run all doctests embedded in the documentation (if enabled)"
+	@echo "  coverage   to run coverage check of the documentation (if enabled)"
+	@echo "  spelling   to run spell check on documentation"
+	@echo "  metrics    to generate documentation for metrics by inspecting the source code"
 
-.PHONY: help Makefile metrics scopes
+clean:
+	rm -rf $(BUILDDIR)/*
 
-# Catch-all target: route all unknown targets to Sphinx using the new
-# "make mode" option.
-#
-# Several sphinx-build commands can be used through this, for example:
-#
-# - make clean
-# - make linkcheck
-# - make spelling
-#
-%: Makefile
-	@$(SPHINXBUILD) -M $@ "$(SOURCEDIR)" "$(BUILDDIR)" $(SPHINXOPTS)
+metrics: source/reference/metrics.rst
 
-
-# Manually added targets - related to code generation
-# ----------------------------------------------------------------------------
-
-# For local development:
-# - builds the html
-# - NOTE: If the pre-requisites for the html target is updated, also update the
-#         Read The Docs section in docs/source/conf.py.
-#
-html: metrics scopes
-	$(SPHINXBUILD) -b html "$(SOURCEDIR)" "$(BUILDDIR)/html" $(SPHINXOPTS)
-	@echo
-	@echo "Build finished. The HTML pages are in $(BUILDDIR)/html."
-
-metrics: source/reference/metrics.md
-source/reference/metrics.md:
+source/reference/metrics.rst: generate-metrics.py
 	python3 generate-metrics.py
 
 scopes: source/rbac/scope-table.md
-source/rbac/scope-table.md:
+
+source/rbac/scope-table.md: source/rbac/generate-scope-table.py
 	python3 source/rbac/generate-scope-table.py
 
+# If the pre-requisites for the html target is updated, also update the Read The
+# Docs section in docs/source/conf.py.
+#
+html: metrics scopes
+	$(SPHINXBUILD) -b html $(ALLSPHINXOPTS) $(BUILDDIR)/html
+	@echo
+	@echo "Build finished. The HTML pages are in $(BUILDDIR)/html."
 
-# Manually added targets - related to development
-# ----------------------------------------------------------------------------
+dirhtml:
+	$(SPHINXBUILD) -b dirhtml $(ALLSPHINXOPTS) $(BUILDDIR)/dirhtml
+	@echo
+	@echo "Build finished. The HTML pages are in $(BUILDDIR)/dirhtml."
 
-# For local development:
-# - requires sphinx-autobuild, see
-#   https://sphinxcontrib-spelling.readthedocs.io/en/latest/
-# - builds and rebuilds html on changes to source, but does not re-generate
-#   metrics/scopes files
-# - starts a livereload enabled webserver and opens up a browser
-devenv: html
-	sphinx-autobuild -b html --open-browser "$(SOURCEDIR)" "$(BUILDDIR)/html"
+singlehtml:
+	$(SPHINXBUILD) -b singlehtml $(ALLSPHINXOPTS) $(BUILDDIR)/singlehtml
+	@echo
+	@echo "Build finished. The HTML page is in $(BUILDDIR)/singlehtml."
+
+pickle:
+	$(SPHINXBUILD) -b pickle $(ALLSPHINXOPTS) $(BUILDDIR)/pickle
+	@echo
+	@echo "Build finished; now you can process the pickle files."
+
+json:
+	$(SPHINXBUILD) -b json $(ALLSPHINXOPTS) $(BUILDDIR)/json
+	@echo
+	@echo "Build finished; now you can process the JSON files."
+
+htmlhelp:
+	$(SPHINXBUILD) -b htmlhelp $(ALLSPHINXOPTS) $(BUILDDIR)/htmlhelp
+	@echo
+	@echo "Build finished; now you can run HTML Help Workshop with the" \
+	      ".hhp project file in $(BUILDDIR)/htmlhelp."
+
+qthelp:
+	$(SPHINXBUILD) -b qthelp $(ALLSPHINXOPTS) $(BUILDDIR)/qthelp
+	@echo
+	@echo "Build finished; now you can run "qcollectiongenerator" with the" \
+	      ".qhcp project file in $(BUILDDIR)/qthelp, like this:"
+	@echo "# qcollectiongenerator $(BUILDDIR)/qthelp/JupyterHub.qhcp"
+	@echo "To view the help file:"
+	@echo "# assistant -collectionFile $(BUILDDIR)/qthelp/JupyterHub.qhc"
+
+applehelp:
+	$(SPHINXBUILD) -b applehelp $(ALLSPHINXOPTS) $(BUILDDIR)/applehelp
+	@echo
+	@echo "Build finished. The help book is in $(BUILDDIR)/applehelp."
+	@echo "N.B. You won't be able to view it unless you put it in" \
+	      "~/Library/Documentation/Help or install it in your application" \
+	      "bundle."
+
+devhelp:
+	$(SPHINXBUILD) -b devhelp $(ALLSPHINXOPTS) $(BUILDDIR)/devhelp
+	@echo
+	@echo "Build finished."
+	@echo "To view the help file:"
+	@echo "# mkdir -p $$HOME/.local/share/devhelp/JupyterHub"
+	@echo "# ln -s $(BUILDDIR)/devhelp $$HOME/.local/share/devhelp/JupyterHub"
+	@echo "# devhelp"
+
+epub:
+	$(SPHINXBUILD) -b epub $(ALLSPHINXOPTS) $(BUILDDIR)/epub
+	@echo
+	@echo "Build finished. The epub file is in $(BUILDDIR)/epub."
+
+latex:
+	$(SPHINXBUILD) -b latex $(ALLSPHINXOPTS) $(BUILDDIR)/latex
+	@echo
+	@echo "Build finished; the LaTeX files are in $(BUILDDIR)/latex."
+	@echo "Run \`make' in that directory to run these through (pdf)latex" \
+	      "(use \`make latexpdf' here to do that automatically)."
+
+latexpdf:
+	$(SPHINXBUILD) -b latex $(ALLSPHINXOPTS) $(BUILDDIR)/latex
+	@echo "Running LaTeX files through pdflatex..."
+	$(MAKE) -C $(BUILDDIR)/latex all-pdf
+	@echo "pdflatex finished; the PDF files are in $(BUILDDIR)/latex."
+
+latexpdfja:
+	$(SPHINXBUILD) -b latex $(ALLSPHINXOPTS) $(BUILDDIR)/latex
+	@echo "Running LaTeX files through platex and dvipdfmx..."
+	$(MAKE) -C $(BUILDDIR)/latex all-pdf-ja
+	@echo "pdflatex finished; the PDF files are in $(BUILDDIR)/latex."
+
+text:
+	$(SPHINXBUILD) -b text $(ALLSPHINXOPTS) $(BUILDDIR)/text
+	@echo
+	@echo "Build finished. The text files are in $(BUILDDIR)/text."
+
+man:
+	$(SPHINXBUILD) -b man $(ALLSPHINXOPTS) $(BUILDDIR)/man
+	@echo
+	@echo "Build finished. The manual pages are in $(BUILDDIR)/man."
+
+texinfo:
+	$(SPHINXBUILD) -b texinfo $(ALLSPHINXOPTS) $(BUILDDIR)/texinfo
+	@echo
+	@echo "Build finished. The Texinfo files are in $(BUILDDIR)/texinfo."
+	@echo "Run \`make' in that directory to run these through makeinfo" \
+	      "(use \`make info' here to do that automatically)."
+
+info:
+	$(SPHINXBUILD) -b texinfo $(ALLSPHINXOPTS) $(BUILDDIR)/texinfo
+	@echo "Running Texinfo files through makeinfo..."
+	make -C $(BUILDDIR)/texinfo info
+	@echo "makeinfo finished; the Info files are in $(BUILDDIR)/texinfo."
+
+gettext:
+	$(SPHINXBUILD) -b gettext $(I18NSPHINXOPTS) $(BUILDDIR)/locale
+	@echo
+	@echo "Build finished. The message catalogs are in $(BUILDDIR)/locale."
+
+changes:
+	$(SPHINXBUILD) -b changes $(ALLSPHINXOPTS) $(BUILDDIR)/changes
+	@echo
+	@echo "The overview file is in $(BUILDDIR)/changes."
+
+linkcheck:
+	$(SPHINXBUILD) -b linkcheck $(ALLSPHINXOPTS) $(BUILDDIR)/linkcheck
+	@echo
+	@echo "Link check complete; look for any errors in the above output " \
+	      "or in $(BUILDDIR)/linkcheck/output.txt."
+
+spelling:
+	$(SPHINXBUILD) -b spelling $(ALLSPHINXOPTS) $(BUILDDIR)/spelling
+	@echo
+	@echo "Spell check complete; look for any errors in the above output " \
+	      "or in $(BUILDDIR)/spelling/output.txt."
+doctest:
+	$(SPHINXBUILD) -b doctest $(ALLSPHINXOPTS) $(BUILDDIR)/doctest
+	@echo "Testing of doctests in the sources finished, look at the " \
+	      "results in $(BUILDDIR)/doctest/output.txt."
+
+coverage:
+	$(SPHINXBUILD) -b coverage $(ALLSPHINXOPTS) $(BUILDDIR)/coverage
+	@echo "Testing of coverage in the sources finished, look at the " \
+	      "results in $(BUILDDIR)/coverage/python.txt."
+
+xml:
+	$(SPHINXBUILD) -b xml $(ALLSPHINXOPTS) $(BUILDDIR)/xml
+	@echo
+	@echo "Build finished. The XML files are in $(BUILDDIR)/xml."
+
+pseudoxml:
+	$(SPHINXBUILD) -b pseudoxml $(ALLSPHINXOPTS) $(BUILDDIR)/pseudoxml
+	@echo
+	@echo "Build finished. The pseudo-XML files are in $(BUILDDIR)/pseudoxml."

docs/generate-metrics.py

@@ -1,6 +1,7 @@
 import os
 
-from pytablewriter import MarkdownTableWriter
+from pytablewriter import RstSimpleTableWriter
+from pytablewriter.style import Style
 
 import jupyterhub.metrics
 
@@ -10,11 +11,12 @@ HERE = os.path.abspath(os.path.dirname(__file__))
 class Generator:
     @classmethod
     def create_writer(cls, table_name, headers, values):
-        writer = MarkdownTableWriter()
+        writer = RstSimpleTableWriter()
         writer.table_name = table_name
         writer.headers = headers
         writer.value_matrix = values
         writer.margin = 1
+        [writer.set_style(header, Style(align="center")) for header in headers]
         return writer
 
     def _parse_metrics(self):
@@ -31,17 +33,18 @@ class Generator:
         if not os.path.exists(generated_directory):
             os.makedirs(generated_directory)
 
-        filename = f"{generated_directory}/metrics.md"
+        filename = f"{generated_directory}/metrics.rst"
         table_name = ""
         headers = ["Type", "Name", "Description"]
         values = self._parse_metrics()
         writer = self.create_writer(table_name, headers, values)
 
+        title = "List of Prometheus Metrics"
+        underline = "============================"
+        content = f"{title}\n{underline}\n{writer.dumps()}"
         with open(filename, 'w') as f:
-            f.write("# List of Prometheus Metrics\n\n")
-            f.write(writer.dumps())
-            f.write("\n")
-        print(f"Generated {filename}")
+            f.write(content)
+        print(f"Generated {filename}.")
 
 
 def main():

docs/make.bat

@@ -1,49 +1,263 @@
 @ECHO OFF
 
-pushd %~dp0
-
 REM Command file for Sphinx documentation
 
-if "%SPHINXBUILD%" == "" (
-	set SPHINXBUILD=--color -W --keep-going
-)
 if "%SPHINXBUILD%" == "" (
 	set SPHINXBUILD=sphinx-build
 )
-set SOURCEDIR=source
-set BUILDDIR=_build
+set BUILDDIR=build
+set ALLSPHINXOPTS=-d %BUILDDIR%/doctrees %SPHINXOPTS% source
+set I18NSPHINXOPTS=%SPHINXOPTS% source
+if NOT "%PAPER%" == "" (
+	set ALLSPHINXOPTS=-D latex_paper_size=%PAPER% %ALLSPHINXOPTS%
+	set I18NSPHINXOPTS=-D latex_paper_size=%PAPER% %I18NSPHINXOPTS%
+)
 
 if "%1" == "" goto help
-if "%1" == "devenv" goto devenv
-goto default
+
+if "%1" == "help" (
+	:help
+	echo.Please use `make ^<target^>` where ^<target^> is one of
+	echo.  html       to make standalone HTML files
+	echo.  dirhtml    to make HTML files named index.html in directories
+	echo.  singlehtml to make a single large HTML file
+	echo.  pickle     to make pickle files
+	echo.  json       to make JSON files
+	echo.  htmlhelp   to make HTML files and a HTML help project
+	echo.  qthelp     to make HTML files and a qthelp project
+	echo.  devhelp    to make HTML files and a Devhelp project
+	echo.  epub       to make an epub
+	echo.  latex      to make LaTeX files, you can set PAPER=a4 or PAPER=letter
+	echo.  text       to make text files
+	echo.  man        to make manual pages
+	echo.  texinfo    to make Texinfo files
+	echo.  gettext    to make PO message catalogs
+	echo.  changes    to make an overview over all changed/added/deprecated items
+	echo.  xml        to make Docutils-native XML files
+	echo.  pseudoxml  to make pseudoxml-XML files for display purposes
+	echo.  linkcheck  to check all external links for integrity
+	echo.  doctest    to run all doctests embedded in the documentation if enabled
+	echo.  coverage   to run coverage check of the documentation if enabled
+	goto end
+)
+
+if "%1" == "clean" (
+	for /d %%i in (%BUILDDIR%\*) do rmdir /q /s %%i
+	del /q /s %BUILDDIR%\*
+	goto end
+)
 
 
-:default
-%SPHINXBUILD% >NUL 2>NUL
+REM Check if sphinx-build is available and fallback to Python version if any
+%SPHINXBUILD% 1>NUL 2>NUL
+if errorlevel 9009 goto sphinx_python
+goto sphinx_ok
+
+:sphinx_python
+
+set SPHINXBUILD=python -m sphinx.__init__
+%SPHINXBUILD% 2> nul
 if errorlevel 9009 (
 	echo.
-	echo.The 'sphinx-build' command was not found. Open and read README.md!
-	exit /b 1
-)
-%SPHINXBUILD% -M %1 "%SOURCEDIR%" "%BUILDDIR%" %SPHINXOPTS%
-goto end
-
-
-:help
-%SPHINXBUILD% -M help "%SOURCEDIR%" "%BUILDDIR%" %SPHINXOPTS%
-goto end
-
-
-:devenv
-sphinx-autobuild >NUL 2>NUL
-if errorlevel 9009 (
+	echo.The 'sphinx-build' command was not found. Make sure you have Sphinx
+	echo.installed, then set the SPHINXBUILD environment variable to point
+	echo.to the full path of the 'sphinx-build' executable. Alternatively you
+	echo.may add the Sphinx directory to PATH.
 	echo.
-	echo.The 'sphinx-autobuild' command was not found. Open and read README.md!
+	echo.If you don't have Sphinx installed, grab it from
+	echo.http://sphinx-doc.org/
 	exit /b 1
 )
-sphinx-autobuild -b html --open-browser "%SOURCEDIR%" "%BUILDDIR%/html"
-goto end
 
+:sphinx_ok
+
+
+if "%1" == "html" (
+	%SPHINXBUILD% -b html %ALLSPHINXOPTS% %BUILDDIR%/html
+	if errorlevel 1 exit /b 1
+	echo.
+	echo.Build finished. The HTML pages are in %BUILDDIR%/html.
+	goto end
+)
+
+if "%1" == "dirhtml" (
+	%SPHINXBUILD% -b dirhtml %ALLSPHINXOPTS% %BUILDDIR%/dirhtml
+	if errorlevel 1 exit /b 1
+	echo.
+	echo.Build finished. The HTML pages are in %BUILDDIR%/dirhtml.
+	goto end
+)
+
+if "%1" == "singlehtml" (
+	%SPHINXBUILD% -b singlehtml %ALLSPHINXOPTS% %BUILDDIR%/singlehtml
+	if errorlevel 1 exit /b 1
+	echo.
+	echo.Build finished. The HTML pages are in %BUILDDIR%/singlehtml.
+	goto end
+)
+
+if "%1" == "pickle" (
+	%SPHINXBUILD% -b pickle %ALLSPHINXOPTS% %BUILDDIR%/pickle
+	if errorlevel 1 exit /b 1
+	echo.
+	echo.Build finished; now you can process the pickle files.
+	goto end
+)
+
+if "%1" == "json" (
+	%SPHINXBUILD% -b json %ALLSPHINXOPTS% %BUILDDIR%/json
+	if errorlevel 1 exit /b 1
+	echo.
+	echo.Build finished; now you can process the JSON files.
+	goto end
+)
+
+if "%1" == "htmlhelp" (
+	%SPHINXBUILD% -b htmlhelp %ALLSPHINXOPTS% %BUILDDIR%/htmlhelp
+	if errorlevel 1 exit /b 1
+	echo.
+	echo.Build finished; now you can run HTML Help Workshop with the ^
+.hhp project file in %BUILDDIR%/htmlhelp.
+	goto end
+)
+
+if "%1" == "qthelp" (
+	%SPHINXBUILD% -b qthelp %ALLSPHINXOPTS% %BUILDDIR%/qthelp
+	if errorlevel 1 exit /b 1
+	echo.
+	echo.Build finished; now you can run "qcollectiongenerator" with the ^
+.qhcp project file in %BUILDDIR%/qthelp, like this:
+	echo.^> qcollectiongenerator %BUILDDIR%\qthelp\JupyterHub.qhcp
+	echo.To view the help file:
+	echo.^> assistant -collectionFile %BUILDDIR%\qthelp\JupyterHub.ghc
+	goto end
+)
+
+if "%1" == "devhelp" (
+	%SPHINXBUILD% -b devhelp %ALLSPHINXOPTS% %BUILDDIR%/devhelp
+	if errorlevel 1 exit /b 1
+	echo.
+	echo.Build finished.
+	goto end
+)
+
+if "%1" == "epub" (
+	%SPHINXBUILD% -b epub %ALLSPHINXOPTS% %BUILDDIR%/epub
+	if errorlevel 1 exit /b 1
+	echo.
+	echo.Build finished. The epub file is in %BUILDDIR%/epub.
+	goto end
+)
+
+if "%1" == "latex" (
+	%SPHINXBUILD% -b latex %ALLSPHINXOPTS% %BUILDDIR%/latex
+	if errorlevel 1 exit /b 1
+	echo.
+	echo.Build finished; the LaTeX files are in %BUILDDIR%/latex.
+	goto end
+)
+
+if "%1" == "latexpdf" (
+	%SPHINXBUILD% -b latex %ALLSPHINXOPTS% %BUILDDIR%/latex
+	cd %BUILDDIR%/latex
+	make all-pdf
+	cd %~dp0
+	echo.
+	echo.Build finished; the PDF files are in %BUILDDIR%/latex.
+	goto end
+)
+
+if "%1" == "latexpdfja" (
+	%SPHINXBUILD% -b latex %ALLSPHINXOPTS% %BUILDDIR%/latex
+	cd %BUILDDIR%/latex
+	make all-pdf-ja
+	cd %~dp0
+	echo.
+	echo.Build finished; the PDF files are in %BUILDDIR%/latex.
+	goto end
+)
+
+if "%1" == "text" (
+	%SPHINXBUILD% -b text %ALLSPHINXOPTS% %BUILDDIR%/text
+	if errorlevel 1 exit /b 1
+	echo.
+	echo.Build finished. The text files are in %BUILDDIR%/text.
+	goto end
+)
+
+if "%1" == "man" (
+	%SPHINXBUILD% -b man %ALLSPHINXOPTS% %BUILDDIR%/man
+	if errorlevel 1 exit /b 1
+	echo.
+	echo.Build finished. The manual pages are in %BUILDDIR%/man.
+	goto end
+)
+
+if "%1" == "texinfo" (
+	%SPHINXBUILD% -b texinfo %ALLSPHINXOPTS% %BUILDDIR%/texinfo
+	if errorlevel 1 exit /b 1
+	echo.
+	echo.Build finished. The Texinfo files are in %BUILDDIR%/texinfo.
+	goto end
+)
+
+if "%1" == "gettext" (
+	%SPHINXBUILD% -b gettext %I18NSPHINXOPTS% %BUILDDIR%/locale
+	if errorlevel 1 exit /b 1
+	echo.
+	echo.Build finished. The message catalogs are in %BUILDDIR%/locale.
+	goto end
+)
+
+if "%1" == "changes" (
+	%SPHINXBUILD% -b changes %ALLSPHINXOPTS% %BUILDDIR%/changes
+	if errorlevel 1 exit /b 1
+	echo.
+	echo.The overview file is in %BUILDDIR%/changes.
+	goto end
+)
+
+if "%1" == "linkcheck" (
+	%SPHINXBUILD% -b linkcheck %ALLSPHINXOPTS% %BUILDDIR%/linkcheck
+	if errorlevel 1 exit /b 1
+	echo.
+	echo.Link check complete; look for any errors in the above output ^
+or in %BUILDDIR%/linkcheck/output.txt.
+	goto end
+)
+
+if "%1" == "doctest" (
+	%SPHINXBUILD% -b doctest %ALLSPHINXOPTS% %BUILDDIR%/doctest
+	if errorlevel 1 exit /b 1
+	echo.
+	echo.Testing of doctests in the sources finished, look at the ^
+results in %BUILDDIR%/doctest/output.txt.
+	goto end
+)
+
+if "%1" == "coverage" (
+	%SPHINXBUILD% -b coverage %ALLSPHINXOPTS% %BUILDDIR%/coverage
+	if errorlevel 1 exit /b 1
+	echo.
+	echo.Testing of coverage in the sources finished, look at the ^
+results in %BUILDDIR%/coverage/python.txt.
+	goto end
+)
+
+if "%1" == "xml" (
+	%SPHINXBUILD% -b xml %ALLSPHINXOPTS% %BUILDDIR%/xml
+	if errorlevel 1 exit /b 1
+	echo.
+	echo.Build finished. The XML files are in %BUILDDIR%/xml.
+	goto end
+)
+
+if "%1" == "pseudoxml" (
+	%SPHINXBUILD% -b pseudoxml %ALLSPHINXOPTS% %BUILDDIR%/pseudoxml
+	if errorlevel 1 exit /b 1
+	echo.
+	echo.Build finished. The pseudo-XML files are in %BUILDDIR%/pseudoxml.
+	goto end
+)
 
 :end
-popd

docs/requirements.txt

@@ -9,9 +9,9 @@
 --editable .
 
 autodoc-traits
-jupyterhub-sphinx-theme
-myst-parser>=0.19
+myst-parser
 pre-commit
+pydata-sphinx-theme
 pytablewriter>=0.56
 ruamel.yaml
 sphinx>=4

docs/source/_static/rest-api.yml

@@ -6,7 +6,7 @@ info:
   description: The REST API for JupyterHub
   license:
     name: BSD-3-Clause
-  version: 4.0.2
+  version: 3.1.1
 servers:
   - url: /hub/api
 security:
@@ -815,39 +815,6 @@ paths:
         - oauth2:
             - groups
       x-codegen-request-body-name: body
-  /groups/{name}/properties:
-    put:
-      summary: |
-        Set the group properties.
-
-        Added in JupyterHub 3.2.
-      parameters:
-        - name: name
-          in: path
-          description: group name
-          required: true
-          schema:
-            type: string
-      requestBody:
-        description: The new group properties, as a JSON dict.
-        content:
-          application/json:
-            schema:
-              type: object
-        required: true
-      responses:
-        200:
-          description: |
-            The properties have been updated.
-            The updated group model is returned.
-          content:
-            application/json:
-              schema:
-                $ref: "#/components/schemas/Group"
-      security:
-        - oauth2:
-            - groups
-      x-codegen-request-body-name: body
   /services:
     get:
       summary: List services
@@ -1202,13 +1169,13 @@ components:
           description: Timestamp of last-seen activity from the user
           format: date-time
         servers:
-          type: object
+          type: array
           description: |
             The servers for this user.
             By default: only includes _active_ servers.
             Changed in 3.0: if `?include_stopped_servers` parameter is specified,
             stopped servers will be included as well.
-          additionalProperties:
+          items:
             $ref: "#/components/schemas/Server"
         auth_state:
           type: object
@@ -1322,15 +1289,6 @@ components:
           description: The names of users who are members of this group
           items:
             type: string
-        properties:
-          type: object
-          description: |
-            Group properties (a dictionary).
-
-            Unused by JupyterHub itself,
-            but an extension point to store information about groups.
-
-            Added in JupyterHub 3.2.
         roles:
           type: array
           description: The names of roles this group has

docs/source/admin/capacity-planning.md

@@ -40,7 +40,7 @@ The rest is going to be up to your users.
 Per-user overhead from JupyterHub is typically negligible
 up to at least a few hundred concurrent active users.
 
-```{figure} /images/mybinder-hub-components-cpu-memory.png
+```[figure} ../images/mybinder-hub-components-cpu-memory.png
 JupyterHub component resource usage for mybinder.org.
 ```
 
@@ -68,7 +68,7 @@ but which are **less predictable**.
 
 [the-littlest-jupyterhub]: https://the-littlest-jupyterhub.readthedocs.io
 
-[zero-to-jupyterhub]: https://z2jh.jupyter.org
+[zero-to-jupyterhub]: https://zero-to-jupyterhub.readthedocs.io
 
 (limits-requests)=
 
@@ -200,7 +200,7 @@ The limit here is actually Kubernetes' pods per node, not memory _or_ CPU.
 This is likely a extreme case, as many Binder users come from clicking links on webpages
 without any actual intention of running code.
 
-```{figure} /images/mybinder-load5.png
+```[figure} ../images/mybinder-load5.png
 mybinder.org node CPU usage is low with 50-150 users sharing just 8 cores
 ```
 
@@ -277,7 +277,7 @@ showing >90% of users using less than 10% CPU and 200MB,
 but a few outliers near the limit of 1 CPU and 2GB of RAM.
 This is the kind of information you can use to tune your requests and limits.
 
-![Snapshot from JupyterHub's Grafana dashboards on mybinder.org](/images/mybinder-user-resources.png)
+![Snapshot from JupyterHub's Grafana dashboards on mybinder.org](../images/mybinder-user-resources.png)
 
 [prometheus]: https://prometheus.io
 [grafana]: https://grafana.com
@@ -299,10 +299,10 @@ There are lots of other resources for cost and capacity planning that may be spe
 
 Here are some useful links to other resources
 
-- [Zero to JupyterHub](https://z2jh.jupyter.org) documentation on
-  - [projecting costs](https://z2jh.jupyter.org/en/latest/administrator/cost.html)
-  - [configuring user resources](https://z2jh.jupyter.org/en/latest/jupyterhub/customizing/user-resources.html)
+- [Zero to JupyterHub](https://zero-to-jupyterhub.readthedocs.io) documentation on
+  - [projecting costs](https://zero-to-jupyterhub.readthedocs.io/en/latest/administrator/cost.html)
+  - [configuring user resources](https://zero-to-jupyterhub.readthedocs.io/en/latest/jupyterhub/customizing/user-resources.html)
 - Cloud platform cost calculators:
   - [Google Cloud](https://cloud.google.com/products/calculator/)
-  - [Amazon AWS](https://calculator.aws)
+  - [Amazon AWS](https://calculator.s3.amazonaws.com)
   - [Microsoft Azure](https://azure.microsoft.com/en-us/pricing/calculator/)

docs/source/admin/upgrading.rst

@@ -0,0 +1,155 @@
+====================
+Upgrading JupyterHub
+====================
+
+JupyterHub offers easy upgrade pathways between minor versions. This
+document describes how to do these upgrades.
+
+If you are using :ref:`a JupyterHub distribution <index/distributions>`, you
+should consult the distribution's documentation on how to upgrade. This documentation is 
+for those who have set up their JupyterHub without using a distribution.
+
+This documentation is lengthy because it is quite detailed. Most likely, upgrading
+JupyterHub is painless, quick and with minimal user interruption.
+
+The steps are discussed in detail, so if you get stuck at any step you can always refer to this guide. 
+
+Read the Changelog
+==================
+
+The `changelog <../changelog.md>`_ contains information on what has
+changed with the new JupyterHub release and any deprecation warnings.
+Read these notes to familiarize yourself with the coming changes. There
+might be new releases of the authenticators & spawners you use, so
+read the changelogs for those too!
+
+Notify your users
+=================
+
+If you use the default configuration where ``configurable-http-proxy``
+is managed by JupyterHub, your users will see service disruption during
+the upgrade process. You should notify them, and pick a time to do the
+upgrade where they will be least disrupted.
+
+If you use a different proxy or run ``configurable-http-proxy``
+independent of JupyterHub, your users will be able to continue using notebook
+servers they had already launched, but will not be able to launch new servers or sign in.
+
+
+Backup database & config
+========================
+
+Before doing an upgrade, it is critical to back up:
+
+#. Your JupyterHub database (SQLite by default, or MySQL / Postgres if you used those). 
+   If you use SQLite (the default), you should backup the ``jupyterhub.sqlite`` file.
+
+#. Your ``jupyterhub_config.py`` file.
+
+#. Your users' home directories. This is unlikely to be affected directly by
+   a JupyterHub upgrade, but we recommend a backup since user data is critical.
+
+
+Shut down JupyterHub
+====================
+
+Shut down the JupyterHub process. This would vary depending on how you
+have set up JupyterHub to run. It is most likely using a process
+supervisor of some sort (``systemd`` or ``supervisord`` or even ``docker``).
+Use the supervisor-specific command to stop the JupyterHub process.
+
+Upgrade JupyterHub packages
+===========================
+
+There are two environments where the ``jupyterhub`` package is installed:
+
+#. The *hub environment*: where the JupyterHub server process
+   runs. This is started with the ``jupyterhub`` command, and is what
+   people generally think of as JupyterHub.
+
+#. The *notebook user environments*: where the user notebook
+   servers are launched from, and is probably custom to your own
+   installation. This could be just one environment (different from the
+   hub environment) that is shared by all users, one environment
+   per user, or the same environment as the hub environment. The hub
+   launched the ``jupyterhub-singleuser`` command in this environment,
+   which in turn starts the notebook server.
+
+You need to make sure the version of the ``jupyterhub`` package matches
+in both these environments. If you installed ``jupyterhub`` with pip,
+you can upgrade it with:
+
+.. code-block:: bash
+
+   python3 -m pip install --upgrade jupyterhub==<version>
+
+Where ``<version>`` is the version of JupyterHub you are upgrading to.
+
+If you used ``conda`` to install ``jupyterhub``, you should upgrade it
+with:
+
+.. code-block:: bash
+
+   conda install -c conda-forge jupyterhub==<version>
+
+You should also check for new releases of the authenticator & spawner you
+are using. You might wish to upgrade those packages, too, along with JupyterHub
+or upgrade them separately.
+
+Upgrade JupyterHub database
+===========================
+
+Once new packages are installed, you need to upgrade the JupyterHub
+database. From the hub environment, in the same directory as your
+``jupyterhub_config.py`` file, you should run:
+
+.. code-block:: bash
+
+   jupyterhub upgrade-db
+
+This should find the location of your database, and run the necessary upgrades
+for it.
+
+SQLite database disadvantages
+-----------------------------
+
+SQLite has some disadvantages when it comes to upgrading JupyterHub. These
+are:
+
+-  ``upgrade-db`` may not work, and you may need to delete your database
+   and start with a fresh one.
+-  ``downgrade-db`` **will not** work if you want to rollback to an
+   earlier version, so backup the ``jupyterhub.sqlite`` file before
+   upgrading.
+
+What happens if I delete my database?
+-------------------------------------
+
+Losing the Hub database is often not a big deal. Information that
+resides only in the Hub database includes:
+
+-  active login tokens (user cookies, service tokens)
+-  users added via JupyterHub UI, instead of config files
+-  info about running servers
+
+If the following conditions are true, you should be fine clearing the
+Hub database and starting over:
+
+-  users specified in the config file, or login using an external
+   authentication provider (Google, GitHub, LDAP, etc)
+-  user servers are stopped during the upgrade
+-  don't mind causing users to log in again after the upgrade
+
+Start JupyterHub
+================
+
+Once the database upgrade is completed, start the ``jupyterhub``
+process again.
+
+#. Log in and start the server to make sure things work as
+   expected.
+#. Check the logs for any errors or deprecation warnings. You
+   might have to update your ``jupyterhub_config.py`` file to
+   deal with any deprecated options.
+
+Congratulations, your JupyterHub has been upgraded!

docs/source/api/app.rst

@@ -0,0 +1,15 @@
+=========================
+Application configuration
+=========================
+
+Module: :mod:`jupyterhub.app`
+=============================
+
+.. automodule:: jupyterhub.app
+
+.. currentmodule:: jupyterhub.app
+
+:class:`JupyterHub`
+-------------------
+
+.. autoconfigurable:: JupyterHub

docs/source/api/auth.rst

@@ -0,0 +1,32 @@
+==============
+Authenticators
+==============
+
+Module: :mod:`jupyterhub.auth`
+==============================
+
+.. automodule:: jupyterhub.auth
+
+.. currentmodule:: jupyterhub.auth
+
+:class:`Authenticator`
+----------------------
+
+.. autoconfigurable:: Authenticator
+    :members:
+
+:class:`LocalAuthenticator`
+---------------------------
+
+.. autoconfigurable:: LocalAuthenticator
+    :members:
+
+:class:`PAMAuthenticator`
+-------------------------
+
+.. autoconfigurable:: PAMAuthenticator
+
+:class:`DummyAuthenticator`
+---------------------------
+
+.. autoconfigurable:: DummyAuthenticator

docs/source/api/index.rst

@@ -0,0 +1,33 @@
+.. _api-index:
+
+##############
+JupyterHub API
+##############
+
+:Release: |release|
+:Date: |today|
+
+JupyterHub also provides a REST API for administration of the Hub and users.
+The documentation on `Using JupyterHub's REST API <../reference/rest.html>`_ provides
+information on:
+
+- what you can do with the API
+- creating an API token
+- adding API tokens to the config files
+- making an API request programmatically using the requests library
+- learning more about JupyterHub's API
+
+JupyterHub API Reference:
+
+.. toctree::
+
+    app
+    auth
+    spawner
+    proxy
+    user
+    service
+    services.auth
+
+
+.. _OpenAPI Initiative: https://www.openapis.org/

docs/source/api/proxy.rst

@@ -0,0 +1,22 @@
+=======
+Proxies
+=======
+
+Module: :mod:`jupyterhub.proxy`
+===============================
+
+.. automodule:: jupyterhub.proxy
+
+.. currentmodule:: jupyterhub.proxy
+
+:class:`Proxy`
+--------------
+
+.. autoconfigurable:: Proxy
+    :members:
+
+:class:`ConfigurableHTTPProxy`
+------------------------------
+
+.. autoconfigurable:: ConfigurableHTTPProxy
+    :members: debug, auth_token, check_running_interval, api_url, command

docs/source/api/service.rst

@@ -0,0 +1,16 @@
+========
+Services
+========
+
+Module: :mod:`jupyterhub.services.service`
+==========================================
+
+.. automodule:: jupyterhub.services.service
+
+.. currentmodule:: jupyterhub.services.service
+
+:class:`Service`
+----------------
+
+.. autoconfigurable:: Service
+    :members: name, admin, url, api_token, managed, kind, command, cwd, environment, user, oauth_client_id, server, prefix, proxy_spec

docs/source/api/services.auth.rst

@@ -0,0 +1,40 @@
+=======================
+Services Authentication
+=======================
+
+Module: :mod:`jupyterhub.services.auth`
+=======================================
+
+.. automodule:: jupyterhub.services.auth
+
+.. currentmodule:: jupyterhub.services.auth
+
+
+:class:`HubAuth`
+----------------
+
+.. autoconfigurable:: HubAuth
+    :members:
+
+:class:`HubOAuth`
+-----------------
+
+.. autoconfigurable:: HubOAuth
+    :members:
+
+
+:class:`HubAuthenticated`
+-------------------------
+
+.. autoclass:: HubAuthenticated
+    :members:
+
+:class:`HubOAuthenticated`
+--------------------------
+
+.. autoclass:: HubOAuthenticated
+
+:class:`HubOAuthCallbackHandler`
+--------------------------------
+
+.. autoclass:: HubOAuthCallbackHandler

docs/source/api/spawner.rst

@@ -0,0 +1,21 @@
+========
+Spawners
+========
+
+Module: :mod:`jupyterhub.spawner`
+=================================
+
+.. automodule:: jupyterhub.spawner
+
+.. currentmodule:: jupyterhub.spawner
+
+:class:`Spawner`
+----------------
+
+.. autoconfigurable:: Spawner
+    :members: options_from_form, poll, start, stop, get_args, get_env, get_state, template_namespace, format_string, create_certs, move_certs
+
+:class:`LocalProcessSpawner`
+----------------------------
+
+.. autoconfigurable:: LocalProcessSpawner

docs/source/api/user.rst

@@ -0,0 +1,36 @@
+=====
+Users
+=====
+
+Module: :mod:`jupyterhub.user`
+==============================
+
+.. automodule:: jupyterhub.user
+
+.. currentmodule:: jupyterhub.user
+
+:class:`UserDict`
+-----------------
+
+.. autoclass:: UserDict
+    :members:
+
+
+:class:`User`
+-------------
+
+.. autoclass:: User
+    :members: escaped_name
+    
+    .. attribute:: name
+    
+      The user's name
+    
+    .. attribute:: server
+    
+        The user's Server data object if running, None otherwise.
+        Has ``ip``, ``port`` attributes.
+
+    .. attribute:: spawner
+    
+        The user's :class:`~.Spawner` instance.

docs/source/changelog.md

@@ -1,5 +1,3 @@
-(changelog)=
-
 # Changelog
 
 For detailed changes from the prior release, click on the version number, and
@@ -8,217 +6,6 @@ command line for details.
 
 ## [Unreleased]
 
-## 4.0
-
-### 4.0.2 - 2023-08-10
-
-([full changelog](https://github.com/jupyterhub/jupyterhub/compare/4.0.1...4.0.2))
-
-#### Enhancements made
-
-- avoid counting failed requests to not-running servers as 'activity' [#4491](https://github.com/jupyterhub/jupyterhub/pull/4491) ([@minrk](https://github.com/minrk), [@consideRatio](https://github.com/consideRatio))
-- improve permission-denied errors for various cases [#4489](https://github.com/jupyterhub/jupyterhub/pull/4489) ([@minrk](https://github.com/minrk), [@consideRatio](https://github.com/consideRatio))
-
-#### Bugs fixed
-
-- set root_dir when using singleuser extension [#4503](https://github.com/jupyterhub/jupyterhub/pull/4503) ([@minrk](https://github.com/minrk), [@consideRatio](https://github.com/consideRatio), [@manics](https://github.com/manics))
-- Allow setting custom log_function in tornado_settings in SingleUserServer [#4475](https://github.com/jupyterhub/jupyterhub/pull/4475) ([@grios-stratio](https://github.com/grios-stratio), [@minrk](https://github.com/minrk))
-
-#### Documentation improvements
-
-- doc: update notebook config URL [#4523](https://github.com/jupyterhub/jupyterhub/pull/4523) ([@minrk](https://github.com/minrk), [@manics](https://github.com/manics))
-- document how to use notebook v7 with jupyterhub [#4522](https://github.com/jupyterhub/jupyterhub/pull/4522) ([@minrk](https://github.com/minrk), [@manics](https://github.com/manics))
-
-#### Contributors to this release
-
-The following people contributed discussions, new ideas, code and documentation contributions, and review.
-See [our definition of contributors](https://github-activity.readthedocs.io/en/latest/#how-does-this-tool-define-contributions-in-the-reports).
-
-([GitHub contributors page for this release](https://github.com/jupyterhub/jupyterhub/graphs/contributors?from=2023-06-08&to=2023-08-10&type=c))
-
-@agelosnm ([activity](https://github.com/search?q=repo%3Ajupyterhub%2Fjupyterhub+involves%3Aagelosnm+updated%3A2023-06-08..2023-08-10&type=Issues)) | @consideRatio ([activity](https://github.com/search?q=repo%3Ajupyterhub%2Fjupyterhub+involves%3AconsideRatio+updated%3A2023-06-08..2023-08-10&type=Issues)) | @diocas ([activity](https://github.com/search?q=repo%3Ajupyterhub%2Fjupyterhub+involves%3Adiocas+updated%3A2023-06-08..2023-08-10&type=Issues)) | @grios-stratio ([activity](https://github.com/search?q=repo%3Ajupyterhub%2Fjupyterhub+involves%3Agrios-stratio+updated%3A2023-06-08..2023-08-10&type=Issues)) | @jhgoebbert ([activity](https://github.com/search?q=repo%3Ajupyterhub%2Fjupyterhub+involves%3Ajhgoebbert+updated%3A2023-06-08..2023-08-10&type=Issues)) | @jtpio ([activity](https://github.com/search?q=repo%3Ajupyterhub%2Fjupyterhub+involves%3Ajtpio+updated%3A2023-06-08..2023-08-10&type=Issues)) | @kosmonavtus ([activity](https://github.com/search?q=repo%3Ajupyterhub%2Fjupyterhub+involves%3Akosmonavtus+updated%3A2023-06-08..2023-08-10&type=Issues)) | @kreuzert ([activity](https://github.com/search?q=repo%3Ajupyterhub%2Fjupyterhub+involves%3Akreuzert+updated%3A2023-06-08..2023-08-10&type=Issues)) | @manics ([activity](https://github.com/search?q=repo%3Ajupyterhub%2Fjupyterhub+involves%3Amanics+updated%3A2023-06-08..2023-08-10&type=Issues)) | @martinRenou ([activity](https://github.com/search?q=repo%3Ajupyterhub%2Fjupyterhub+involves%3AmartinRenou+updated%3A2023-06-08..2023-08-10&type=Issues)) | @minrk ([activity](https://github.com/search?q=repo%3Ajupyterhub%2Fjupyterhub+involves%3Aminrk+updated%3A2023-06-08..2023-08-10&type=Issues)) | @opoplawski ([activity](https://github.com/search?q=repo%3Ajupyterhub%2Fjupyterhub+involves%3Aopoplawski+updated%3A2023-06-08..2023-08-10&type=Issues)) | @Ph0tonic ([activity](https://github.com/search?q=repo%3Ajupyterhub%2Fjupyterhub+involves%3APh0tonic+updated%3A2023-06-08..2023-08-10&type=Issues)) | @sgaist ([activity](https://github.com/search?q=repo%3Ajupyterhub%2Fjupyterhub+involves%3Asgaist+updated%3A2023-06-08..2023-08-10&type=Issues)) | @trungleduc ([activity](https://github.com/search?q=repo%3Ajupyterhub%2Fjupyterhub+involves%3Atrungleduc+updated%3A2023-06-08..2023-08-10&type=Issues)) | @yuvipanda ([activity](https://github.com/search?q=repo%3Ajupyterhub%2Fjupyterhub+involves%3Ayuvipanda+updated%3A2023-06-08..2023-08-10&type=Issues))
-
-### 4.0.1 - 2023-06-08
-
-([full changelog](https://github.com/jupyterhub/jupyterhub/compare/4.0.0...4.0.1))
-
-#### Enhancements made
-
-- Delete server button on admin page [#4457](https://github.com/jupyterhub/jupyterhub/pull/4457) ([@diocas](https://github.com/diocas), [@minrk](https://github.com/minrk))
-
-#### Bugs fixed
-
-- Abort informatively on unrecognized CLI options [#4467](https://github.com/jupyterhub/jupyterhub/pull/4467) ([@minrk](https://github.com/minrk), [@consideRatio](https://github.com/consideRatio))
-- Add xsrf to custom_html template context [#4464](https://github.com/jupyterhub/jupyterhub/pull/4464) ([@opoplawski](https://github.com/opoplawski), [@minrk](https://github.com/minrk))
-- preserve CLI > env priority config in jupyterhub-singleuser extension [#4451](https://github.com/jupyterhub/jupyterhub/pull/4451) ([@minrk](https://github.com/minrk), [@consideRatio](https://github.com/consideRatio), [@timeu](https://github.com/timeu), [@rcthomas](https://github.com/rcthomas))
-
-#### Maintenance and upkeep improvements
-
-- Fix link to collaboration accounts doc in example [#4448](https://github.com/jupyterhub/jupyterhub/pull/4448) ([@minrk](https://github.com/minrk))
-- Remove Dockerfile.alpine [#4444](https://github.com/jupyterhub/jupyterhub/pull/4444) ([@manics](https://github.com/manics), [@minrk](https://github.com/minrk))
-- Update jsx dependencies as much as possible [#4443](https://github.com/jupyterhub/jupyterhub/pull/4443) ([@manics](https://github.com/manics), [@minrk](https://github.com/minrk), [@consideRatio](https://github.com/consideRatio))
-- Remove unused admin JS code [#4438](https://github.com/jupyterhub/jupyterhub/pull/4438) ([@yuvipanda](https://github.com/yuvipanda), [@minrk](https://github.com/minrk))
-- Finish migrating browser tests from selenium to playwright [#4435](https://github.com/jupyterhub/jupyterhub/pull/4435) ([@mouse1203](https://github.com/mouse1203), [@minrk](https://github.com/minrk), [@consideRatio](https://github.com/consideRatio))
-- Migrate some tests from selenium to playwright [#4431](https://github.com/jupyterhub/jupyterhub/pull/4431) ([@mouse1203](https://github.com/mouse1203), [@minrk](https://github.com/minrk))
-- Begin setup of playwright tests [#4420](https://github.com/jupyterhub/jupyterhub/pull/4420) ([@mouse1203](https://github.com/mouse1203), [@minrk](https://github.com/minrk), [@manics](https://github.com/manics))
-
-#### Documentation improvements
-
-- Reorder token request docs [#4463](https://github.com/jupyterhub/jupyterhub/pull/4463) ([@minrk](https://github.com/minrk), [@manics](https://github.com/manics))
-- 'servers' should be a dict of dicts, not a list of dicts in rest-api.yml [#4458](https://github.com/jupyterhub/jupyterhub/pull/4458) ([@tfmark](https://github.com/tfmark), [@minrk](https://github.com/minrk))
-- Config reference: link to nicer(?) API docs first [#4456](https://github.com/jupyterhub/jupyterhub/pull/4456) ([@manics](https://github.com/manics), [@minrk](https://github.com/minrk), [@consideRatio](https://github.com/consideRatio))
-- Add CERN to Gallery of JupyterHub Deployments [#4454](https://github.com/jupyterhub/jupyterhub/pull/4454) ([@goseind](https://github.com/goseind), [@minrk](https://github.com/minrk), [@consideRatio](https://github.com/consideRatio))
-- Fix "Thanks" typo. [#4441](https://github.com/jupyterhub/jupyterhub/pull/4441) ([@ryanlovett](https://github.com/ryanlovett), [@minrk](https://github.com/minrk))
-- add HUNT into research institutions [#4432](https://github.com/jupyterhub/jupyterhub/pull/4432) ([@matuskosut](https://github.com/matuskosut), [@minrk](https://github.com/minrk), [@manics](https://github.com/manics))
-- docs: fix missing redirects for api to reference/api [#4429](https://github.com/jupyterhub/jupyterhub/pull/4429) ([@consideRatio](https://github.com/consideRatio), [@minrk](https://github.com/minrk), [@manics](https://github.com/manics))
-- update sharing faq for 2023 [#4428](https://github.com/jupyterhub/jupyterhub/pull/4428) ([@minrk](https://github.com/minrk))
-- Fix some public URL links within the docs [#4427](https://github.com/jupyterhub/jupyterhub/pull/4427) ([@minrk](https://github.com/minrk), [@consideRatio](https://github.com/consideRatio))
-- add upgrade note for 4.0 to changelog [#4426](https://github.com/jupyterhub/jupyterhub/pull/4426) ([@minrk](https://github.com/minrk), [@consideRatio](https://github.com/consideRatio))
-
-#### Contributors to this release
-
-The following people contributed discussions, new ideas, code and documentation contributions, and review.
-See [our definition of contributors](https://github-activity.readthedocs.io/en/latest/#how-does-this-tool-define-contributions-in-the-reports).
-
-([GitHub contributors page for this release](https://github.com/jupyterhub/jupyterhub/graphs/contributors?from=2023-04-20&to=2023-06-07&type=c))
-
-@consideRatio ([activity](https://github.com/search?q=repo%3Ajupyterhub%2Fjupyterhub+involves%3AconsideRatio+updated%3A2023-04-20..2023-06-07&type=Issues)) | @diocas ([activity](https://github.com/search?q=repo%3Ajupyterhub%2Fjupyterhub+involves%3Adiocas+updated%3A2023-04-20..2023-06-07&type=Issues)) | @echarles ([activity](https://github.com/search?q=repo%3Ajupyterhub%2Fjupyterhub+involves%3Aecharles+updated%3A2023-04-20..2023-06-07&type=Issues)) | @goseind ([activity](https://github.com/search?q=repo%3Ajupyterhub%2Fjupyterhub+involves%3Agoseind+updated%3A2023-04-20..2023-06-07&type=Issues)) | @hsadia538 ([activity](https://github.com/search?q=repo%3Ajupyterhub%2Fjupyterhub+involves%3Ahsadia538+updated%3A2023-04-20..2023-06-07&type=Issues)) | @mahamtariq58 ([activity](https://github.com/search?q=repo%3Ajupyterhub%2Fjupyterhub+involves%3Amahamtariq58+updated%3A2023-04-20..2023-06-07&type=Issues)) | @manics ([activity](https://github.com/search?q=repo%3Ajupyterhub%2Fjupyterhub+involves%3Amanics+updated%3A2023-04-20..2023-06-07&type=Issues)) | @matuskosut ([activity](https://github.com/search?q=repo%3Ajupyterhub%2Fjupyterhub+involves%3Amatuskosut+updated%3A2023-04-20..2023-06-07&type=Issues)) | @minrk ([activity](https://github.com/search?q=repo%3Ajupyterhub%2Fjupyterhub+involves%3Aminrk+updated%3A2023-04-20..2023-06-07&type=Issues)) | @mouse1203 ([activity](https://github.com/search?q=repo%3Ajupyterhub%2Fjupyterhub+involves%3Amouse1203+updated%3A2023-04-20..2023-06-07&type=Issues)) | @opoplawski ([activity](https://github.com/search?q=repo%3Ajupyterhub%2Fjupyterhub+involves%3Aopoplawski+updated%3A2023-04-20..2023-06-07&type=Issues)) | @rcthomas ([activity](https://github.com/search?q=repo%3Ajupyterhub%2Fjupyterhub+involves%3Arcthomas+updated%3A2023-04-20..2023-06-07&type=Issues)) | @ryanlovett ([activity](https://github.com/search?q=repo%3Ajupyterhub%2Fjupyterhub+involves%3Aryanlovett+updated%3A2023-04-20..2023-06-07&type=Issues)) | @tfmark ([activity](https://github.com/search?q=repo%3Ajupyterhub%2Fjupyterhub+involves%3Atfmark+updated%3A2023-04-20..2023-06-07&type=Issues)) | @timeu ([activity](https://github.com/search?q=repo%3Ajupyterhub%2Fjupyterhub+involves%3Atimeu+updated%3A2023-04-20..2023-06-07&type=Issues)) | @yuvipanda ([activity](https://github.com/search?q=repo%3Ajupyterhub%2Fjupyterhub+involves%3Ayuvipanda+updated%3A2023-04-20..2023-06-07&type=Issues))
-
-### 4.0.0 - 2023-04-20
-
-4.0 is a major release, but a small one.
-
-:::{admonition} Upgrade note
-
-Upgrading from 3.1 to 4.0 should require no additional action beyond running `jupyterhub --upgrade-db` to upgrade the database schema after upgrading the package version.
-It is otherwise a regular jupyterhub [upgrade](upgrading-jupyterhub).
-:::
-
-There are three major changes that _should_ be invisible to most users:
-
-1. Groups can now have 'properties', editable via the admin page, which can be used by Spawners for their operations.
-   This requires a db schema upgrade, so remember to [**backup and upgrade your database**](upgrading-jupyterhub)!
-2. Often-problematic header-based checks for cross-site requests have been replaces with more standard use of XSRF tokens.
-   Most folks shouldn't notice this change, but if "Blocking Cross Origin API request" has been giving you headaches, this should be much improved.
-3. Improved support for Jupyter Server 2.0 by reimplementing `jupyterhub-singleuser` as a standard _server extension_.
-   This mode is used by default with Jupyter Server >=2.0.
-   Again, this should be an implementation detail to most, but it's a big change under the hood.
-   If you have issues, please let us know and you can opt-out by setting `JUPYTERHUB_SINGLEUSER_EXTENSION=0` in your single-user environment.
-
-In addition to these, thanks to contributions from this years Outreachy interns, we have reorganized the documentation according to [diataxis](https://diataxis.fr), improved accessibility of JupyterHub pages, and improved testing.
-
-([full changelog](https://github.com/jupyterhub/jupyterhub/compare/3.1.0...4.0.0))
-
-#### API and Breaking Changes
-
-- require sqlalchemy 1.4 [#4319](https://github.com/jupyterhub/jupyterhub/pull/4319) ([@minrk](https://github.com/minrk), [@manics](https://github.com/manics))
-- Use XSRF tokens for cross-site checks [#4032](https://github.com/jupyterhub/jupyterhub/pull/4032) ([@minrk](https://github.com/minrk), [@consideRatio](https://github.com/consideRatio), [@julietKiloRomeo](https://github.com/julietKiloRomeo))
-
-#### New features added
-
-- add Spawner.server_token_scopes config [#4400](https://github.com/jupyterhub/jupyterhub/pull/4400) ([@minrk](https://github.com/minrk), [@consideRatio](https://github.com/consideRatio))
-- Make singleuser server-extension default [#4354](https://github.com/jupyterhub/jupyterhub/pull/4354) ([@minrk](https://github.com/minrk), [@consideRatio](https://github.com/consideRatio))
-- singleuser auth as server extension [#3888](https://github.com/jupyterhub/jupyterhub/pull/3888) ([@minrk](https://github.com/minrk), [@consideRatio](https://github.com/consideRatio))
-- Dynamic table for changing customizable properties of groups [#3651](https://github.com/jupyterhub/jupyterhub/pull/3651) ([@vladfreeze](https://github.com/vladfreeze), [@minrk](https://github.com/minrk), [@naatebarber](https://github.com/naatebarber), [@manics](https://github.com/manics))
-
-#### Enhancements made
-
-- admin page: improve display of long lists (groups, etc.) [#4417](https://github.com/jupyterhub/jupyterhub/pull/4417) ([@manics](https://github.com/manics), [@minrk](https://github.com/minrk), [@ryanlovett](https://github.com/ryanlovett))
-- add a few more buckets for server_spawn_duration_seconds [#4352](https://github.com/jupyterhub/jupyterhub/pull/4352) ([@shaneknapp](https://github.com/shaneknapp), [@yuvipanda](https://github.com/yuvipanda))
-- Improve contrast on muted text [#4326](https://github.com/jupyterhub/jupyterhub/pull/4326) ([@bl-aire](https://github.com/bl-aire), [@minrk](https://github.com/minrk))
-- Standardize styling on input fields by moving common form CSS to page.less [#4294](https://github.com/jupyterhub/jupyterhub/pull/4294) ([@minrk](https://github.com/minrk), [@consideRatio](https://github.com/consideRatio))
-
-#### Bugs fixed
-
-- make sure named server URLs include trailing slash [#4402](https://github.com/jupyterhub/jupyterhub/pull/4402) ([@minrk](https://github.com/minrk), [@manics](https://github.com/manics))
-- fix inclusion of singleuser/templates/page.html in wheel [#4387](https://github.com/jupyterhub/jupyterhub/pull/4387) ([@consideRatio](https://github.com/consideRatio), [@minrk](https://github.com/minrk))
-- exponential_backoff: preserve jitter when max_wait is reached [#4383](https://github.com/jupyterhub/jupyterhub/pull/4383) ([@minrk](https://github.com/minrk), [@manics](https://github.com/manics))
-- admin panel: fix condition for start/stop buttons on user servers [#4365](https://github.com/jupyterhub/jupyterhub/pull/4365) ([@minrk](https://github.com/minrk), [@consideRatio](https://github.com/consideRatio))
-- avoid logging error when browsers send invalid cookies [#4356](https://github.com/jupyterhub/jupyterhub/pull/4356) ([@minrk](https://github.com/minrk), [@manics](https://github.com/manics), [@consideRatio](https://github.com/consideRatio))
-- test and fix deprecated load_groups list [#4299](https://github.com/jupyterhub/jupyterhub/pull/4299) ([@minrk](https://github.com/minrk), [@manics](https://github.com/manics))
-- Fix formatting of load_groups help string [#4295](https://github.com/jupyterhub/jupyterhub/pull/4295) ([@minrk](https://github.com/minrk), [@consideRatio](https://github.com/consideRatio))
-- Fix skipped heading level across pages [#4290](https://github.com/jupyterhub/jupyterhub/pull/4290) ([@bl-aire](https://github.com/bl-aire), [@minrk](https://github.com/minrk))
-- Fix reoccurring accessibility issues in JupyterHub's pages [#4274](https://github.com/jupyterhub/jupyterhub/pull/4274) ([@bl-aire](https://github.com/bl-aire), [@minrk](https://github.com/minrk))
-- Remove remnants of unused jupyterhub-services cookie [#4258](https://github.com/jupyterhub/jupyterhub/pull/4258) ([@minrk](https://github.com/minrk), [@consideRatio](https://github.com/consideRatio))
-
-#### Maintenance and upkeep improvements
-
-- add remaining redirects for docs reorg [#4423](https://github.com/jupyterhub/jupyterhub/pull/4423) ([@minrk](https://github.com/minrk), [@consideRatio](https://github.com/consideRatio))
-- Disable dev traitlets [#4419](https://github.com/jupyterhub/jupyterhub/pull/4419) ([@manics](https://github.com/manics), [@consideRatio](https://github.com/consideRatio))
-- dependabot: rename to .yaml [#4409](https://github.com/jupyterhub/jupyterhub/pull/4409) ([@consideRatio](https://github.com/consideRatio))
-- dependabot: fix syntax error of not using quotes for ##:## [#4408](https://github.com/jupyterhub/jupyterhub/pull/4408) ([@consideRatio](https://github.com/consideRatio))
-- dependabot: monthly updates of github actions [#4403](https://github.com/jupyterhub/jupyterhub/pull/4403) ([@consideRatio](https://github.com/consideRatio), [@minrk](https://github.com/minrk))
-- Refresh 4.0 changelog [#4396](https://github.com/jupyterhub/jupyterhub/pull/4396) ([@minrk](https://github.com/minrk), [@consideRatio](https://github.com/consideRatio))
-- Reduce size of jupyterhub image [#4394](https://github.com/jupyterhub/jupyterhub/pull/4394) ([@alekseyolg](https://github.com/alekseyolg), [@minrk](https://github.com/minrk))
-- Selenium: updating test_oauth_page [#4393](https://github.com/jupyterhub/jupyterhub/pull/4393) ([@mouse1203](https://github.com/mouse1203), [@minrk](https://github.com/minrk))
-- avoid warning on engine_connect listener [#4392](https://github.com/jupyterhub/jupyterhub/pull/4392) ([@minrk](https://github.com/minrk), [@consideRatio](https://github.com/consideRatio), [@manics](https://github.com/manics))
-- remove pin from singleuser [#4379](https://github.com/jupyterhub/jupyterhub/pull/4379) ([@minrk](https://github.com/minrk), [@consideRatio](https://github.com/consideRatio), [@mathbunnyru](https://github.com/mathbunnyru))
-- temporary fix: pin base-notebook tag [#4348](https://github.com/jupyterhub/jupyterhub/pull/4348) ([@minrk](https://github.com/minrk))
-- simplify some async fixtures [#4332](https://github.com/jupyterhub/jupyterhub/pull/4332) ([@minrk](https://github.com/minrk), [@GeorgianaElena](https://github.com/GeorgianaElena), [@Sheila-nk](https://github.com/Sheila-nk))
-- Selenium: adding new cases that covered Admin UI page [#4328](https://github.com/jupyterhub/jupyterhub/pull/4328) ([@mouse1203](https://github.com/mouse1203), [@minrk](https://github.com/minrk))
-- also ignore sqlite backups [#4327](https://github.com/jupyterhub/jupyterhub/pull/4327) ([@minrk](https://github.com/minrk), [@consideRatio](https://github.com/consideRatio))
-- pre-commit: bump isort [#4325](https://github.com/jupyterhub/jupyterhub/pull/4325) ([@minrk](https://github.com/minrk), [@consideRatio](https://github.com/consideRatio))
-- Remove no longer relevant notice in readme [#4324](https://github.com/jupyterhub/jupyterhub/pull/4324) ([@consideRatio](https://github.com/consideRatio), [@minrk](https://github.com/minrk))
-- Fix the oauthenticator docs api links [#4304](https://github.com/jupyterhub/jupyterhub/pull/4304) ([@GeorgianaElena](https://github.com/GeorgianaElena), [@minrk](https://github.com/minrk))
-- Selenium testing: adding new case covered the authorisation page [#4298](https://github.com/jupyterhub/jupyterhub/pull/4298) ([@mouse1203](https://github.com/mouse1203), [@minrk](https://github.com/minrk))
-- docs: fix linkcheck in gallery [#4297](https://github.com/jupyterhub/jupyterhub/pull/4297) ([@minrk](https://github.com/minrk))
-- Refactored selenium tests for improved readability [#4278](https://github.com/jupyterhub/jupyterhub/pull/4278) ([@mouse1203](https://github.com/mouse1203), [@minrk](https://github.com/minrk), [@consideRatio](https://github.com/consideRatio))
-- remove deprecated import of pipes.quote [#4273](https://github.com/jupyterhub/jupyterhub/pull/4273) ([@minrk](https://github.com/minrk), [@manics](https://github.com/manics))
-- only run testing config on localhost [#4271](https://github.com/jupyterhub/jupyterhub/pull/4271) ([@minrk](https://github.com/minrk), [@manics](https://github.com/manics))
-- pre-commit: autoupdate monthly [#4268](https://github.com/jupyterhub/jupyterhub/pull/4268) ([@minrk](https://github.com/minrk), [@consideRatio](https://github.com/consideRatio), [@GeorgianaElena](https://github.com/GeorgianaElena), [@betatim](https://github.com/betatim))
-- remove unnecessary actions for firefox/geckodriver [#4264](https://github.com/jupyterhub/jupyterhub/pull/4264) ([@minrk](https://github.com/minrk), [@manics](https://github.com/manics))
-- docs: refresh Makefile/make.bat [#4256](https://github.com/jupyterhub/jupyterhub/pull/4256) ([@consideRatio](https://github.com/consideRatio), [@minrk](https://github.com/minrk))
-- Test docs, links on CI [#4251](https://github.com/jupyterhub/jupyterhub/pull/4251) ([@minrk](https://github.com/minrk), [@consideRatio](https://github.com/consideRatio))
-- maint: fix detail when removing support for py36 [#4248](https://github.com/jupyterhub/jupyterhub/pull/4248) ([@consideRatio](https://github.com/consideRatio), [@manics](https://github.com/manics))
-- more selenium test cases [#4207](https://github.com/jupyterhub/jupyterhub/pull/4207) ([@mouse1203](https://github.com/mouse1203), [@minrk](https://github.com/minrk))
-
-#### Documentation improvements
-
-- Fix variable spelling. [#4398](https://github.com/jupyterhub/jupyterhub/pull/4398) ([@ryanlovett](https://github.com/ryanlovett), [@manics](https://github.com/manics))
-- Remove bracket around link text without address [#4416](https://github.com/jupyterhub/jupyterhub/pull/4416) ([@crazytan](https://github.com/crazytan), [@minrk](https://github.com/minrk))
-- add some more detail and examples to database doc [#4399](https://github.com/jupyterhub/jupyterhub/pull/4399) ([@minrk](https://github.com/minrk), [@consideRatio](https://github.com/consideRatio))
-- Add emphasis about role loading and hub restarts. [#4390](https://github.com/jupyterhub/jupyterhub/pull/4390) ([@ryanlovett](https://github.com/ryanlovett), [@minrk](https://github.com/minrk), [@consideRatio](https://github.com/consideRatio))
-- Re-enable links to REST API [#4386](https://github.com/jupyterhub/jupyterhub/pull/4386) ([@minrk](https://github.com/minrk), [@manics](https://github.com/manics))
-- reduce nested hierarchy in docs organization [#4377](https://github.com/jupyterhub/jupyterhub/pull/4377) ([@alwasega](https://github.com/alwasega), [@minrk](https://github.com/minrk))
-- changelog for 4.0 beta [#4375](https://github.com/jupyterhub/jupyterhub/pull/4375) ([@minrk](https://github.com/minrk), [@consideRatio](https://github.com/consideRatio))
-- Getting started link broken [#4374](https://github.com/jupyterhub/jupyterhub/pull/4374) ([@3coins](https://github.com/3coins), [@minrk](https://github.com/minrk))
-- add collaboration accounts tutorial [#4373](https://github.com/jupyterhub/jupyterhub/pull/4373) ([@minrk](https://github.com/minrk), [@fperez](https://github.com/fperez), [@ryanlovett](https://github.com/ryanlovett))
-- Updated the top-level index file [#4368](https://github.com/jupyterhub/jupyterhub/pull/4368) ([@alwasega](https://github.com/alwasega), [@sgibson91](https://github.com/sgibson91))
-- JupyterHub sphinx theme [#4363](https://github.com/jupyterhub/jupyterhub/pull/4363) ([@minrk](https://github.com/minrk), [@choldgraf](https://github.com/choldgraf))
-- Remove PDF links from README.md [#4358](https://github.com/jupyterhub/jupyterhub/pull/4358) ([@pnasrat](https://github.com/pnasrat), [@manics](https://github.com/manics))
-- add singleuser explanation doc [#4357](https://github.com/jupyterhub/jupyterhub/pull/4357) ([@minrk](https://github.com/minrk), [@consideRatio](https://github.com/consideRatio))
-- Updates to the documentation Contribution section [#4355](https://github.com/jupyterhub/jupyterhub/pull/4355) ([@alwasega](https://github.com/alwasega), [@sgibson91](https://github.com/sgibson91), [@minrk](https://github.com/minrk))
-- Restructured references section of the docs [#4343](https://github.com/jupyterhub/jupyterhub/pull/4343) ([@alwasega](https://github.com/alwasega), [@minrk](https://github.com/minrk), [@sgibson91](https://github.com/sgibson91))
-- Document use of pytest-asyncio in JupyterHub test suite [#4341](https://github.com/jupyterhub/jupyterhub/pull/4341) ([@Sheila-nk](https://github.com/Sheila-nk), [@minrk](https://github.com/minrk), [@alwasega](https://github.com/alwasega))
-- Moved Explanation/Background files [#4340](https://github.com/jupyterhub/jupyterhub/pull/4340) ([@alwasega](https://github.com/alwasega), [@sgibson91](https://github.com/sgibson91), [@minrk](https://github.com/minrk))
-- Moved last set of Tutorials [#4338](https://github.com/jupyterhub/jupyterhub/pull/4338) ([@alwasega](https://github.com/alwasega), [@sgibson91](https://github.com/sgibson91))
-- fix a couple ref links in changelog [#4334](https://github.com/jupyterhub/jupyterhub/pull/4334) ([@minrk](https://github.com/minrk), [@consideRatio](https://github.com/consideRatio))
-- Added rediraffe using auto redirect builder [#4331](https://github.com/jupyterhub/jupyterhub/pull/4331) ([@alwasega](https://github.com/alwasega), [@sgibson91](https://github.com/sgibson91), [@GeorgianaElena](https://github.com/GeorgianaElena), [@consideRatio](https://github.com/consideRatio), [@manics](https://github.com/manics))
-- Backport PR #4316 on branch 3.x (changelog for 3.1.1) [#4318](https://github.com/jupyterhub/jupyterhub/pull/4318) ([@minrk](https://github.com/minrk))
-- changelog for 3.1.1 [#4316](https://github.com/jupyterhub/jupyterhub/pull/4316) ([@minrk](https://github.com/minrk), [@consideRatio](https://github.com/consideRatio))
-- Moved second half of HowTo documentation [#4314](https://github.com/jupyterhub/jupyterhub/pull/4314) ([@alwasega](https://github.com/alwasega), [@sgibson91](https://github.com/sgibson91), [@minrk](https://github.com/minrk))
-- Moved first half of HowTo documentation [#4311](https://github.com/jupyterhub/jupyterhub/pull/4311) ([@alwasega](https://github.com/alwasega), [@sgibson91](https://github.com/sgibson91), [@minrk](https://github.com/minrk))
-- number agreement in authenticators-users-basics [#4309](https://github.com/jupyterhub/jupyterhub/pull/4309) ([@TaofeeqatDev](https://github.com/TaofeeqatDev), [@minrk](https://github.com/minrk))
-- transferred docs to the FAQ folder [#4307](https://github.com/jupyterhub/jupyterhub/pull/4307) ([@alwasega](https://github.com/alwasega), [@sgibson91](https://github.com/sgibson91), [@minrk](https://github.com/minrk), [@GeorgianaElena](https://github.com/GeorgianaElena))
-- Added docs to the folder [#4305](https://github.com/jupyterhub/jupyterhub/pull/4305) ([@alwasega](https://github.com/alwasega), [@sgibson91](https://github.com/sgibson91), [@minrk](https://github.com/minrk))
-- Created folders to house the restructured documentation [#4301](https://github.com/jupyterhub/jupyterhub/pull/4301) ([@alwasega](https://github.com/alwasega), [@sgibson91](https://github.com/sgibson91), [@minrk](https://github.com/minrk), [@manics](https://github.com/manics), [@GeorgianaElena](https://github.com/GeorgianaElena))
-- expand database docs [#4292](https://github.com/jupyterhub/jupyterhub/pull/4292) ([@minrk](https://github.com/minrk), [@GeorgianaElena](https://github.com/GeorgianaElena), [@ajpower](https://github.com/ajpower), [@consideRatio](https://github.com/consideRatio), [@manics](https://github.com/manics), [@sgibson91](https://github.com/sgibson91))
-- added note on `Spawner.name_template` setting [#4288](https://github.com/jupyterhub/jupyterhub/pull/4288) ([@stevejpurves](https://github.com/stevejpurves), [@minrk](https://github.com/minrk))
-- Document JUPYTER_PREFER_ENV_PATH=0 for shared user environments [#4269](https://github.com/jupyterhub/jupyterhub/pull/4269) ([@minrk](https://github.com/minrk), [@manics](https://github.com/manics))
-- set max depth on api/index toctree [#4259](https://github.com/jupyterhub/jupyterhub/pull/4259) ([@minrk](https://github.com/minrk), [@consideRatio](https://github.com/consideRatio))
-- fix bracket typo in capacity figures [#4250](https://github.com/jupyterhub/jupyterhub/pull/4250) ([@minrk](https://github.com/minrk), [@consideRatio](https://github.com/consideRatio))
-- convert remaining rst files to myst [#4249](https://github.com/jupyterhub/jupyterhub/pull/4249) ([@minrk](https://github.com/minrk), [@consideRatio](https://github.com/consideRatio))
-- doc: fix formatting of spawner env-vars [#4245](https://github.com/jupyterhub/jupyterhub/pull/4245) ([@manics](https://github.com/manics), [@consideRatio](https://github.com/consideRatio), [@minrk](https://github.com/minrk))
-
-#### Contributors to this release
-
-The following people contributed discussions, new ideas, code and documentation contributions, and review.
-See [our definition of contributors](https://github-activity.readthedocs.io/en/latest/#how-does-this-tool-define-contributions-in-the-reports).
-
-([GitHub contributors page for this release](https://github.com/jupyterhub/jupyterhub/graphs/contributors?from=2022-12-05&to=2023-04-20&type=c))
-
-@3coins ([activity](https://github.com/search?q=repo%3Ajupyterhub%2Fjupyterhub+involves%3A3coins+updated%3A2022-12-05..2023-04-20&type=Issues)) | @ajcollett ([activity](https://github.com/search?q=repo%3Ajupyterhub%2Fjupyterhub+involves%3Aajcollett+updated%3A2022-12-05..2023-04-20&type=Issues)) | @ajpower ([activity](https://github.com/search?q=repo%3Ajupyterhub%2Fjupyterhub+involves%3Aajpower+updated%3A2022-12-05..2023-04-20&type=Issues)) | @alekseyolg ([activity](https://github.com/search?q=repo%3Ajupyterhub%2Fjupyterhub+involves%3Aalekseyolg+updated%3A2022-12-05..2023-04-20&type=Issues)) | @alwasega ([activity](https://github.com/search?q=repo%3Ajupyterhub%2Fjupyterhub+involves%3Aalwasega+updated%3A2022-12-05..2023-04-20&type=Issues)) | @betatim ([activity](https://github.com/search?q=repo%3Ajupyterhub%2Fjupyterhub+involves%3Abetatim+updated%3A2022-12-05..2023-04-20&type=Issues)) | @bl-aire ([activity](https://github.com/search?q=repo%3Ajupyterhub%2Fjupyterhub+involves%3Abl-aire+updated%3A2022-12-05..2023-04-20&type=Issues)) | @choldgraf ([activity](https://github.com/search?q=repo%3Ajupyterhub%2Fjupyterhub+involves%3Acholdgraf+updated%3A2022-12-05..2023-04-20&type=Issues)) | @consideRatio ([activity](https://github.com/search?q=repo%3Ajupyterhub%2Fjupyterhub+involves%3AconsideRatio+updated%3A2022-12-05..2023-04-20&type=Issues)) | @crazytan ([activity](https://github.com/search?q=repo%3Ajupyterhub%2Fjupyterhub+involves%3Acrazytan+updated%3A2022-12-05..2023-04-20&type=Issues)) | @dependabot ([activity](https://github.com/search?q=repo%3Ajupyterhub%2Fjupyterhub+involves%3Adependabot+updated%3A2022-12-05..2023-04-20&type=Issues)) | @fperez ([activity](https://github.com/search?q=repo%3Ajupyterhub%2Fjupyterhub+involves%3Afperez+updated%3A2022-12-05..2023-04-20&type=Issues)) | @GeorgianaElena ([activity](https://github.com/search?q=repo%3Ajupyterhub%2Fjupyterhub+involves%3AGeorgianaElena+updated%3A2022-12-05..2023-04-20&type=Issues)) | @julietKiloRomeo ([activity](https://github.com/search?q=repo%3Ajupyterhub%2Fjupyterhub+involves%3AjulietKiloRomeo+updated%3A2022-12-05..2023-04-20&type=Issues)) | @ktaletsk ([activity](https://github.com/search?q=repo%3Ajupyterhub%2Fjupyterhub+involves%3Aktaletsk+updated%3A2022-12-05..2023-04-20&type=Issues)) | @manics ([activity](https://github.com/search?q=repo%3Ajupyterhub%2Fjupyterhub+involves%3Amanics+updated%3A2022-12-05..2023-04-20&type=Issues)) | @mathbunnyru ([activity](https://github.com/search?q=repo%3Ajupyterhub%2Fjupyterhub+involves%3Amathbunnyru+updated%3A2022-12-05..2023-04-20&type=Issues)) | @meeseeksdev ([activity](https://github.com/search?q=repo%3Ajupyterhub%2Fjupyterhub+involves%3Ameeseeksdev+updated%3A2022-12-05..2023-04-20&type=Issues)) | @meeseeksmachine ([activity](https://github.com/search?q=repo%3Ajupyterhub%2Fjupyterhub+involves%3Ameeseeksmachine+updated%3A2022-12-05..2023-04-20&type=Issues)) | @minrk ([activity](https://github.com/search?q=repo%3Ajupyterhub%2Fjupyterhub+involves%3Aminrk+updated%3A2022-12-05..2023-04-20&type=Issues)) | @mouse1203 ([activity](https://github.com/search?q=repo%3Ajupyterhub%2Fjupyterhub+involves%3Amouse1203+updated%3A2022-12-05..2023-04-20&type=Issues)) | @naatebarber ([activity](https://github.com/search?q=repo%3Ajupyterhub%2Fjupyterhub+involves%3Anaatebarber+updated%3A2022-12-05..2023-04-20&type=Issues)) | @pnasrat ([activity](https://github.com/search?q=repo%3Ajupyterhub%2Fjupyterhub+involves%3Apnasrat+updated%3A2022-12-05..2023-04-20&type=Issues)) | @pre-commit-ci ([activity](https://github.com/search?q=repo%3Ajupyterhub%2Fjupyterhub+involves%3Apre-commit-ci+updated%3A2022-12-05..2023-04-20&type=Issues)) | @ryanlovett ([activity](https://github.com/search?q=repo%3Ajupyterhub%2Fjupyterhub+involves%3Aryanlovett+updated%3A2022-12-05..2023-04-20&type=Issues)) | @sgibson91 ([activity](https://github.com/search?q=repo%3Ajupyterhub%2Fjupyterhub+involves%3Asgibson91+updated%3A2022-12-05..2023-04-20&type=Issues)) | @shaneknapp ([activity](https://github.com/search?q=repo%3Ajupyterhub%2Fjupyterhub+involves%3Ashaneknapp+updated%3A2022-12-05..2023-04-20&type=Issues)) | @Sheila-nk ([activity](https://github.com/search?q=repo%3Ajupyterhub%2Fjupyterhub+involves%3ASheila-nk+updated%3A2022-12-05..2023-04-20&type=Issues)) | @stevejpurves ([activity](https://github.com/search?q=repo%3Ajupyterhub%2Fjupyterhub+involves%3Astevejpurves+updated%3A2022-12-05..2023-04-20&type=Issues)) | @TaofeeqatDev ([activity](https://github.com/search?q=repo%3Ajupyterhub%2Fjupyterhub+involves%3ATaofeeqatDev+updated%3A2022-12-05..2023-04-20&type=Issues)) | @vladfreeze ([activity](https://github.com/search?q=repo%3Ajupyterhub%2Fjupyterhub+involves%3Avladfreeze+updated%3A2022-12-05..2023-04-20&type=Issues)) | @yuvipanda ([activity](https://github.com/search?q=repo%3Ajupyterhub%2Fjupyterhub+involves%3Ayuvipanda+updated%3A2022-12-05..2023-04-20&type=Issues))
-
 ## 3.1
 
 ### 3.1.1 - 2023-01-27
@@ -407,18 +194,18 @@ This can be used to e.g. limit student/grader/instructor permissions in a gradin
 or grant instructors read-only access to their students' single-user servers starting with upcoming Jupyter Server 2.0.
 
 Further extending granular control of permissions,
-we have added `!service` and `!server` filters for scopes ({ref}`self-referencing-filters`),
+we have added `!service` and `!server` filters for scopes (:ref:`self-referencing-filters`),
 like we had for `!user`.
 
 Access to the admin UI is now governed by a dedicated `admin-ui` scope,
 rather than combined `admin:servers` and `admin:users` in 2.0.
-More info in {ref}`available-scopes-target`.
+More info in `ref`{available-scopes-target}.
 
 #### More highlights
 
 - The admin UI can now show more detailed info about users and their servers in a drop-down details table:
 
-  ![Details view in admin UI](/images/dropdown-details-3.0.png)
+  ![Details view in admin UI](./images/dropdown-details-3.0.png)
 
 - Several bugfixes and improvements in the new admin UI.
 - Direct access to the Hub's database is deprecated.
@@ -792,10 +579,10 @@ default 'user' role as expected.
 
 JupyterHub 2.0 is a big release!
 
-The most significant change is the addition of [roles and scopes](rbac)
+The most significant change is the addition of [roles and scopes][rbac]
 to the JupyterHub permissions model,
 allowing more fine-grained access control.
-Read more about it [in the docs](rbac).
+Read more about it [in the docs][rbac].
 
 In particular, the 'admin' level of permissions should not be needed anymore,
 and you can now grant users and services only the permissions they need, not more.
@@ -805,7 +592,7 @@ and consider assigning only the necessary roles and scopes.
 [rbac]: ./rbac/index.md
 
 JupyterHub 2.0 requires an update to the database schema,
-so **make sure to [read the upgrade documentation and backup your database](upgrading-jupyterhub)
+so **make sure to [read the upgrade documentation and backup your database](admin/upgrading)
 before upgrading**.
 
 :::{admonition} stop all servers before upgrading
@@ -1453,7 +1240,7 @@ Thanks to everyone who has contributed to this release!
 - `JupyterHub.init_spawners_timeout` is introduced to combat slow startups on large JupyterHub deployments [#2721](https://github.com/jupyterhub/jupyterhub/pull/2721) ([@minrk](https://github.com/minrk))
 - The configuration `uids` for local authenticators is added to consistently assign users UNIX id's between installations [#2687](https://github.com/jupyterhub/jupyterhub/pull/2687) ([@rgerkin](https://github.com/rgerkin))
 - `JupyterHub.activity_resolution` is introduced with a default value of 30s improving performance by not updating the database with user activity too often [#2605](https://github.com/jupyterhub/jupyterhub/pull/2605) ([@minrk](https://github.com/minrk))
-- [HubAuth](jupyterhub.services.auth.HubAuth)'s SSL configuration can now be set through environment variables [#2588](https://github.com/jupyterhub/jupyterhub/pull/2588) ([@cmd-ntrf](https://github.com/cmd-ntrf))
+- [HubAuth](https://jupyterhub.readthedocs.io/en/stable/api/services.auth.html#jupyterhub.services.auth.HubAuth)'s SSL configuration can now be set through environment variables [#2588](https://github.com/jupyterhub/jupyterhub/pull/2588) ([@cmd-ntrf](https://github.com/cmd-ntrf))
 - Expose spawner.user_options in REST API. [#2755](https://github.com/jupyterhub/jupyterhub/pull/2755) ([@danielballan](https://github.com/danielballan))
 - add block for scripts included in head [#2828](https://github.com/jupyterhub/jupyterhub/pull/2828) ([@bitnik](https://github.com/bitnik))
 - Instrument JupyterHub to record events with jupyter_telemetry [Part II] [#2698](https://github.com/jupyterhub/jupyterhub/pull/2698) ([@Zsailer](https://github.com/Zsailer))
@@ -1566,7 +1353,7 @@ whether it was through discussion, testing, documentation, or development.
 - There is now full UI support for managing named servers.
   With named servers, each jupyterhub user may have access to more than one named server. For example, a professor may access a server named `research` and another named `teaching`.
 
-  ![named servers on the home page](/images/named-servers-home.png)
+  ![named servers on the home page](./images/named-servers-home.png)
 
 - Authenticators can now expire and refresh authentication data by implementing
   `Authenticator.refresh_user(user)`.

docs/source/conf.py

@@ -20,6 +20,8 @@ from jupyterhub.app import JupyterHub
 project = "JupyterHub"
 author = "Project Jupyter Contributors"
 copyright = f"{datetime.date.today().year}, {author}"
+version = "%i.%i" % jupyterhub.version_info[:2]
+release = jupyterhub.__version__
 
 
 # -- General Sphinx configuration --------------------------------------------
@@ -34,11 +36,10 @@ extensions = [
     "sphinx-jsonschema",
     "sphinxext.opengraph",
     "sphinxext.rediraffe",
-    "jupyterhub_sphinx_theme",
     "myst_parser",
 ]
 root_doc = "index"
-source_suffix = [".md"]
+source_suffix = [".md", ".rst"]
 # default_role let's use use `foo` instead of ``foo`` in rST
 default_role = "literal"
 
@@ -47,22 +48,11 @@ default_role = "literal"
 # ref: https://myst-parser.readthedocs.io/en/latest/configuration.html
 #
 myst_heading_anchors = 2
-
 myst_enable_extensions = [
-    # available extensions: https://myst-parser.readthedocs.io/en/latest/syntax/optional.html
-    "attrs_inline",
     "colon_fence",
     "deflist",
-    "fieldlist",
-    "substitution",
 ]
 
-myst_substitutions = {
-    # date example: Dev 07, 2022
-    "date": datetime.date.today().strftime("%b %d, %Y").title(),
-    "version": jupyterhub.__version__,
-}
-
 
 # -- Custom directives to generate documentation -----------------------------
 # ref: https://myst-parser.readthedocs.io/en/latest/syntax/roles-and-directives.html
@@ -156,13 +146,18 @@ html_logo = "_static/images/logo/logo.png"
 html_favicon = "_static/images/logo/favicon.ico"
 html_static_path = ["_static"]
 
-html_theme = "jupyterhub_sphinx_theme"
+html_theme = "pydata_sphinx_theme"
 html_theme_options = {
     "icon_links": [
         {
             "name": "GitHub",
             "url": "https://github.com/jupyterhub/jupyterhub",
-            "icon": "fa-brands fa-github",
+            "icon": "fab fa-github-square",
+        },
+        {
+            "name": "Discourse",
+            "url": "https://discourse.jupyter.org/c/jupyterhub/10",
+            "icon": "fab fa-discourse",
         },
     ],
     "use_edit_page_button": True,
@@ -185,25 +180,20 @@ linkcheck_ignore = [
     r"https://github.com/[^/]*$",  # too many github usernames / searches in changelog
     "https://github.com/jupyterhub/jupyterhub/pull/",  # too many PRs in changelog
     "https://github.com/jupyterhub/jupyterhub/compare/",  # too many comparisons in changelog
-    r"https?://(localhost|127.0.0.1).*",  # ignore localhost references in auto-links
-    r".*/rest-api.html#.*",  # ignore javascript-resolved internal rest-api links
-    r"https://jupyter.chameleoncloud.org",  # FIXME: ignore (presumably) short-term SSL issue
 ]
 linkcheck_anchors_ignore = [
     "/#!",
     "/#%21",
 ]
 
+
 # -- Intersphinx -------------------------------------------------------------
 # ref: https://www.sphinx-doc.org/en/master/usage/extensions/intersphinx.html#configuration
 #
 intersphinx_mapping = {
     "python": ("https://docs.python.org/3/", None),
     "tornado": ("https://www.tornadoweb.org/en/stable/", None),
-    "jupyter-server": ("https://jupyter-server.readthedocs.io/en/stable/", None),
-    "nbgitpuller": ("https://nbgitpuller.readthedocs.io/en/latest", None),
 }
-
 # -- Options for the opengraph extension -------------------------------------
 # ref: https://github.com/wpilibsuite/sphinxext-opengraph#options
 #
@@ -215,33 +205,11 @@ ogp_use_first_image = True
 # -- Options for the rediraffe extension -------------------------------------
 # ref: https://github.com/wpilibsuite/sphinxext-rediraffe#readme
 #
-# This extension helps us relocate content without breaking links. If a
-# document is moved internally, a redirect link should be configured as below to
+# This extensions help us relocated content without breaking links. If a
+# document is moved internally, a redirect like should be configured below to
 # help us not break links.
 #
-# The workflow for adding redirects can be as follows:
-# 1. Change "rediraffe_branch" below to point to the commit/ branch you
-#    want to base off the changes.
-# 2. Option 1: run "make rediraffecheckdiff"
-#       a. Analyze the output of this command.
-#       b. Manually add the redirect entries to the "redirects.txt" file.
-#    Option 2: run "make rediraffewritediff"
-#       a. rediraffe will then automatically add the obvious redirects to redirects.txt.
-#       b. Analyze the output of the command for broken links.
-#       c. Check the "redirects.txt" file for any files that were moved/ renamed but are not listed.
-#       d. Manually add the redirects that have been mised by the automatic builder to "redirects.txt".
-#    Option 3: Do not use the commands above and, instead, do everything manually - by taking
-#    note of the files you have moved or renamed and adding them to the "redirects.txt" file.
-#
-# If you are basing changes off another branch/ commit, always change back
-# rediraffe_branch to main before pushing your changes upstream.
-#
-rediraffe_branch = os.environ.get("REDIRAFFE_BRANCH", "main")
-rediraffe_redirects = "redirects.txt"
-
-# allow 80% match for autogenerated redirects
-rediraffe_auto_redirect_perc = 80
-
-# rediraffe_redirects = {
-# "old-file": "new-folder/new-file-name",
-# }
+rediraffe_branch = "main"
+rediraffe_redirects = {
+    # "old-file": "new-folder/new-file-name",
+}

docs/source/contributing/community.md

@@ -19,7 +19,7 @@ We use [our Gitter channel](https://gitter.im/jupyterhub/jupyterhub) for online,
 [Github issues](https://docs.github.com/en/issues/tracking-your-work-with-issues/about-issues) are used for most long-form project discussions, bug reports and feature requests.
 
 - Issues related to a specific authenticator or spawner should be opened in the appropriate repository for the authenticator or spawner.
-- If you are using a specific JupyterHub distribution (such as [Zero to JupyterHub on Kubernetes](https://github.com/jupyterhub/zero-to-jupyterhub-k8s) or [The Littlest JupyterHub](https://github.com/jupyterhub/the-littlest-jupyterhub/)), you should open issues directly in their repository.
+- If you are using a specific JupyterHub distribution (such as [Zero to JupyterHub on Kubernetes](http://github.com/jupyterhub/zero-to-jupyterhub-k8s) or [The Littlest JupyterHub](http://github.com/jupyterhub/the-littlest-jupyterhub/)), you should open issues directly in their repository.
 - If you cannot find a repository to open your issue in, do not worry! Open the issue in the [main JupyterHub repository](https://github.com/jupyterhub/jupyterhub/) and our community will help you figure it out.
 
 ```{note}

docs/source/contributing/docs.md

@@ -1,76 +0,0 @@
-(contributing-docs)=
-
-# Contributing Documentation
-
-Documentation is often more important than code. This page helps
-you get set up on how to contribute to JupyterHub's documentation.
-
-## Building documentation locally
-
-We use [sphinx](https://www.sphinx-doc.org) to build our documentation. It takes
-our documentation source files (written in [markdown](https://daringfireball.net/projects/markdown/) or [reStructuredText](https://www.sphinx-doc.org/en/master/usage/restructuredtext/basics.html) &
-stored under the `docs/source` directory) and converts it into various
-formats for people to read. To make sure the documentation you write or
-change renders correctly, it is good practice to test it locally.
-
-1. Make sure you have successfully completed {ref}`contributing/setup`.
-
-2. Install the packages required to build the docs.
-
-   ```bash
-   python3 -m pip install -r docs/requirements.txt
-   ```
-
-3. Build the html version of the docs. This is the most commonly used
-   output format, so verifying it renders correctly is usually good
-   enough.
-
-   ```bash
-   cd docs
-   make html
-   ```
-
-   This step will display any syntax or formatting errors in the documentation,
-   along with the filename / line number in which they occurred. Fix them,
-   and re-run the `make html` command to re-render the documentation.
-
-4. View the rendered documentation by opening `_build/html/index.html` in
-   a web browser.
-
-   :::{tip}
-   **On Windows**, you can open a file from the terminal with `start <path-to-file>`.
-
-   **On macOS**, you can do the same with `open <path-to-file>`.
-
-   **On Linux**, you can do the same with `xdg-open <path-to-file>`.
-
-   After opening index.html in your browser you can just refresh the page whenever
-   you rebuild the docs via `make html`
-   :::
-
-(contributing-docs-conventions)=
-
-## Documentation conventions
-
-This section lists various conventions we use in our documentation. This is a
-living document that grows over time, so feel free to add to it / change it!
-
-Our entire documentation does not yet fully conform to these conventions yet,
-so help in making it so would be appreciated!
-
-### `pip` invocation
-
-There are many ways to invoke a `pip` command, we recommend the following
-approach:
-
-```bash
-python3 -m pip
-```
-
-This invokes pip explicitly using the python3 binary that you are
-currently using. This is the **recommended way** to invoke pip
-in our documentation, since it is least likely to cause problems
-with python3 and pip being from different environments.
-
-For more information on how to invoke `pip` commands, see
-[the pip documentation](https://pip.pypa.io/en/stable/).

docs/source/contributing/docs.rst

@@ -0,0 +1,84 @@
+.. _contributing/docs:
+
+==========================
+Contributing Documentation
+==========================
+
+Documentation is often more important than code. This page helps
+you get set up on how to contribute to JupyterHub's documentation.
+
+Building documentation locally
+==============================
+
+We use `sphinx <http://sphinx-doc.org>`_ to build our documentation. It takes
+our documentation source files (written in `markdown
+<https://daringfireball.net/projects/markdown/>`_ or `reStructuredText
+<https://www.sphinx-doc.org/en/master/usage/restructuredtext/basics.html>`_ &
+stored under the ``docs/source`` directory) and converts it into various
+formats for people to read. To make sure the documentation you write or
+change renders correctly, it is good practice to test it locally.
+
+#. Make sure you have successfully completed :ref:`contributing/setup`.
+
+#. Install the packages required to build the docs.
+
+   .. code-block:: bash
+
+      python3 -m pip install -r docs/requirements.txt
+
+#. Build the html version of the docs. This is the most commonly used
+   output format, so verifying it renders correctly is usually good
+   enough.
+
+   .. code-block:: bash
+
+      cd docs
+      make html
+
+   This step will display any syntax or formatting errors in the documentation,
+   along with the filename / line number in which they occurred. Fix them,
+   and re-run the ``make html`` command to re-render the documentation.
+
+#. View the rendered documentation by opening ``build/html/index.html`` in
+   a web browser.
+
+   .. tip::
+
+      **On Windows**, you can open a file from the terminal with ``start <path-to-file>``.
+      
+      **On macOS**, you can do the same with ``open <path-to-file>``.
+      
+      **On Linux**, you can do the same with ``xdg-open <path-to-file>``.
+
+      After opening index.html in your browser you can just refresh the page whenever
+      you rebuild the docs via ``make html``
+
+
+.. _contributing/docs/conventions:
+
+Documentation conventions
+=========================
+
+This section lists various conventions we use in our documentation. This is a
+living document that grows over time, so feel free to add to it / change it!
+
+Our entire documentation does not yet fully conform to these conventions yet,
+so help in making it so would be appreciated!
+
+``pip`` invocation
+------------------
+
+There are many ways to invoke a ``pip`` command, we recommend the following
+approach:
+
+.. code-block:: bash
+
+   python3 -m pip
+
+This invokes pip explicitly using the python3 binary that you are
+currently using. This is the **recommended way** to invoke pip
+in our documentation, since it is least likely to cause problems
+with python3 and pip being from different environments.
+
+For more information on how to invoke ``pip`` commands, see
+`the pip documentation <https://pip.pypa.io/en/stable/>`_.

docs/source/contributing/index.md

@@ -1,22 +0,0 @@
-# Contributing
-
-We want you to contribute to JupyterHub in ways that are most exciting
-and useful to you. We value documentation, testing, bug reporting & code equally,
-and are glad to have your contributions in whatever form you wish.
-
-Be sure to first check our [Code of Conduct](https://github.com/jupyter/governance/blob/HEAD/conduct/code_of_conduct.md)
-([reporting guidelines](https://github.com/jupyter/governance/blob/HEAD/conduct/reporting_online.md)), which help keep our community welcoming to as many people as possible.
-
-This section covers information about our community, as well as ways that you can connect and get involved.
-
-```{toctree}
-:maxdepth: 2
-
-contributor-list
-community
-setup
-docs
-tests
-roadmap
-security
-```

docs/source/contributing/index.rst

@@ -0,0 +1,21 @@
+============
+Contributing
+============
+
+We want you to contribute to JupyterHub in ways that are most exciting
+& useful to you. We value documentation, testing, bug reporting & code equally,
+and are glad to have your contributions in whatever form you wish :)
+
+Our `Code of Conduct <https://github.com/jupyter/governance/blob/HEAD/conduct/code_of_conduct.md>`_
+(`reporting guidelines <https://github.com/jupyter/governance/blob/HEAD/conduct/reporting_online.md>`_)
+helps keep our community welcoming to as many people as possible.
+
+.. toctree::
+   :maxdepth: 2
+
+   community
+   setup
+   docs
+   tests
+   roadmap
+   security

docs/source/contributing/security.md

@@ -1,9 +0,0 @@
-# Reporting security issues in Jupyter or JupyterHub
-
-If you find a security vulnerability in Jupyter or JupyterHub,
-whether it is a failure of the security model described in [Security Overview](web-security)
-or a failure in implementation,
-please report it to <mailto:security@ipython.org>.
-
-If you prefer to encrypt your security reports,
-you can use {download}`this PGP public key </ipython_security.asc>`.

docs/source/contributing/security.rst

@@ -0,0 +1,10 @@
+Reporting security issues in Jupyter or JupyterHub
+==================================================
+
+If you find a security vulnerability in Jupyter or JupyterHub,
+whether it is a failure of the security model described in :doc:`../reference/websecurity`
+or a failure in implementation,
+please report it to security@ipython.org.
+
+If you prefer to encrypt your security reports,
+you can use :download:`this PGP public key </ipython_security.asc>`.

docs/source/contributing/setup.md

@@ -1,175 +0,0 @@
-(contributing/setup)=
-
-# Setting up a development install
-
-## System requirements
-
-JupyterHub can only run on macOS or Linux operating systems. If you are
-using Windows, we recommend using [VirtualBox](https://virtualbox.org)
-or a similar system to run [Ubuntu Linux](https://ubuntu.com) for
-development.
-
-### Install Python
-
-JupyterHub is written in the [Python](https://python.org) programming language and
-requires you have at least version 3.6 installed locally. If you haven’t
-installed Python before, the recommended way to install it is to use
-[Miniforge](https://github.com/conda-forge/miniforge#download).
-
-### Install nodejs
-
-[NodeJS 12+](https://nodejs.org/en/) is required for building some JavaScript components.
-`configurable-http-proxy`, the default proxy implementation for JupyterHub, is written in Javascript.
-If you have not installed NodeJS before, we recommend installing it in the `miniconda` environment you set up for Python.
-You can do so with `conda install nodejs`.
-
-Many in the Jupyter community use \[`nvm`\](<https://github.com/nvm-sh/nvm>) to
-managing node dependencies.
-
-### Install git
-
-JupyterHub uses [Git](https://git-scm.com) & [GitHub](https://github.com)
-for development & collaboration. You need to [install git](https://git-scm.com/book/en/v2/Getting-Started-Installing-Git) to work on
-JupyterHub. We also recommend getting a free account on GitHub.com.
-
-## Setting up a development install
-
-When developing JupyterHub, you would need to make changes and be able to instantly view the results of the changes. To achieve that, a developer install is required.
-
-:::{note}
-This guide does not attempt to dictate _how_ development
-environments should be isolated since that is a personal preference and can
-be achieved in many ways, for example, `tox`, `conda`, `docker`, etc. See this
-[forum thread](https://discourse.jupyter.org/t/thoughts-on-using-tox/3497) for
-a more detailed discussion.
-:::
-
-1. Clone the [JupyterHub git repository](https://github.com/jupyterhub/jupyterhub)
-   to your computer.
-
-   ```bash
-   git clone https://github.com/jupyterhub/jupyterhub
-   cd jupyterhub
-   ```
-
-2. Make sure the `python` you installed and the `npm` you installed
-   are available to you on the command line.
-
-   ```bash
-   python -V
-   ```
-
-   This should return a version number greater than or equal to 3.6.
-
-   ```bash
-   npm -v
-   ```
-
-   This should return a version number greater than or equal to 5.0.
-
-3. Install `configurable-http-proxy` (required to run and test the default JupyterHub configuration) and `yarn` (required to build some components):
-
-   ```bash
-   npm install -g configurable-http-proxy yarn
-   ```
-
-   If you get an error that says `Error: EACCES: permission denied`, you might need to prefix the command with `sudo`.
-   `sudo` may be required to perform a system-wide install.
-   If you do not have access to sudo, you may instead run the following commands:
-
-   ```bash
-   npm install configurable-http-proxy yarn
-   export PATH=$PATH:$(pwd)/node_modules/.bin
-   ```
-
-   The second line needs to be run every time you open a new terminal.
-
-   If you are using conda you can instead run:
-
-   ```bash
-   conda install configurable-http-proxy yarn
-   ```
-
-4. Install an editable version of JupyterHub and its requirements for
-   development and testing. This lets you edit JupyterHub code in a text editor
-   & restart the JupyterHub process to see your code changes immediately.
-
-   ```bash
-   python3 -m pip install --editable ".[test]"
-   ```
-
-5. Set up a database.
-
-   The default database engine is `sqlite` so if you are just trying
-   to get up and running quickly for local development that should be
-   available via [Python](https://docs.python.org/3.5/library/sqlite3.html).
-   See [The Hub's Database](hub-database) for details on other supported databases.
-
-6. You are now ready to start JupyterHub!
-
-   ```bash
-   jupyterhub
-   ```
-
-7. You can access JupyterHub from your browser at
-   `http://localhost:8000` now.
-
-Happy developing!
-
-## Using DummyAuthenticator & SimpleLocalProcessSpawner
-
-To simplify testing of JupyterHub, it is helpful to use
-{class}`~jupyterhub.auth.DummyAuthenticator` instead of the default JupyterHub
-authenticator and SimpleLocalProcessSpawner instead of the default spawner.
-
-There is a sample configuration file that does this in
-`testing/jupyterhub_config.py`. To launch JupyterHub with this
-configuration:
-
-```bash
-jupyterhub -f testing/jupyterhub_config.py
-```
-
-The default JupyterHub [authenticator](PAMAuthenticator)
-& [spawner](LocalProcessSpawner)
-require your system to have user accounts for each user you want to log in to
-JupyterHub as.
-
-DummyAuthenticator allows you to log in with any username & password,
-while SimpleLocalProcessSpawner allows you to start servers without having to
-create a Unix user for each JupyterHub user. Together, these make it
-much easier to test JupyterHub.
-
-Tip: If you are working on parts of JupyterHub that are common to all
-authenticators & spawners, we recommend using both DummyAuthenticator &
-SimpleLocalProcessSpawner. If you are working on just authenticator-related
-parts, use only SimpleLocalProcessSpawner. Similarly, if you are working on
-just spawner-related parts, use only DummyAuthenticator.
-
-## Troubleshooting
-
-This section lists common ways setting up your development environment may
-fail, and how to fix them. Please add to the list if you encounter yet
-another way it can fail!
-
-### `lessc` not found
-
-If the `python3 -m pip install --editable .` command fails and complains about
-`lessc` being unavailable, you may need to explicitly install some
-additional JavaScript dependencies:
-
-```bash
-npm install
-```
-
-This will fetch client-side JavaScript dependencies necessary to compile
-CSS.
-
-You may also need to manually update JavaScript and CSS after some
-development updates, with:
-
-```bash
-python3 setup.py js    # fetch updated client-side js
-python3 setup.py css   # recompile CSS from LESS sources
-python3 setup.py jsx   # build React admin app
-```

docs/source/contributing/setup.rst

@@ -0,0 +1,187 @@
+.. _contributing/setup:
+
+================================
+Setting up a development install
+================================
+
+System requirements
+===================
+
+JupyterHub can only run on macOS or Linux operating systems. If you are
+using Windows, we recommend using `VirtualBox <https://virtualbox.org>`_
+or a similar system to run `Ubuntu Linux <https://ubuntu.com>`_ for
+development.
+
+Install Python
+--------------
+
+JupyterHub is written in the `Python <https://python.org>`_ programming language and
+requires you have at least version 3.6 installed locally. If you haven’t
+installed Python before, the recommended way to install it is to use
+`Miniconda <https://conda.io/miniconda.html>`_. Remember to get the ‘Python 3’ version,
+and **not** the ‘Python 2’ version!
+
+Install nodejs
+--------------
+
+`NodeJS 12+ <https://nodejs.org/en/>`_ is required for building some JavaScript components.
+``configurable-http-proxy``, the default proxy implementation for JupyterHub, is written in Javascript.
+If you have not installed NodeJS before, we recommend installing it in the ``miniconda`` environment you set up for Python.
+You can do so with ``conda install nodejs``.
+
+Many in the Jupyter community use [``nvm``](https://github.com/nvm-sh/nvm) to
+managing node dependencies.
+
+Install git
+-----------
+
+JupyterHub uses `Git <https://git-scm.com>`_ & `GitHub <https://github.com>`_
+for development & collaboration. You need to `install git
+<https://git-scm.com/book/en/v2/Getting-Started-Installing-Git>`_ to work on
+JupyterHub. We also recommend getting a free account on GitHub.com.
+
+Setting up a development install
+================================
+
+When developing JupyterHub, you would need to make changes and be able to instantly view the results of the changes. To achieve that, a developer install is required.
+
+.. note:: This guide does not attempt to dictate *how* development
+   environments should be isolated since that is a personal preference and can
+   be achieved in many ways, for example, `tox`, `conda`, `docker`, etc. See this
+   `forum thread <https://discourse.jupyter.org/t/thoughts-on-using-tox/3497>`_ for
+   a more detailed discussion.
+
+1. Clone the `JupyterHub git repository <https://github.com/jupyterhub/jupyterhub>`_
+   to your computer.
+
+   .. code:: bash
+
+      git clone https://github.com/jupyterhub/jupyterhub
+      cd jupyterhub
+
+2. Make sure the ``python`` you installed and the ``npm`` you installed
+   are available to you on the command line.
+
+   .. code:: bash
+
+      python -V
+
+   This should return a version number greater than or equal to 3.6.
+
+   .. code:: bash
+
+      npm -v
+
+   This should return a version number greater than or equal to 5.0.
+
+3. Install ``configurable-http-proxy`` (required to run and test the default JupyterHub configuration) and ``yarn`` (required to build some components):
+
+   .. code:: bash
+
+      npm install -g configurable-http-proxy yarn
+
+   If you get an error that says ``Error: EACCES: permission denied``, you might need to prefix the command with ``sudo``.
+   ``sudo`` may be required to perform a system-wide install.
+   If you do not have access to sudo, you may instead run the following commands:
+
+   .. code:: bash
+
+      npm install configurable-http-proxy yarn
+      export PATH=$PATH:$(pwd)/node_modules/.bin
+
+   The second line needs to be run every time you open a new terminal.
+
+   If you are using conda you can instead run:
+
+   .. code:: bash
+
+      conda install configurable-http-proxy yarn
+
+4. Install an editable version of JupyterHub and its requirements for
+   development and testing. This lets you edit JupyterHub code in a text editor
+   & restart the JupyterHub process to see your code changes immediately.
+
+   .. code:: bash
+
+      python3 -m pip install --editable ".[test]"
+
+5. Set up a database.
+
+   The default database engine is ``sqlite`` so if you are just trying
+   to get up and running quickly for local development that should be
+   available via `Python <https://docs.python.org/3.5/library/sqlite3.html>`__.
+   See :doc:`/reference/database` for details on other supported databases.
+
+6. You are now ready to start JupyterHub!
+
+   .. code:: bash
+
+      jupyterhub
+
+7. You can access JupyterHub from your browser at
+   ``http://localhost:8000`` now.
+
+Happy developing!
+
+Using DummyAuthenticator & SimpleLocalProcessSpawner
+====================================================
+
+To simplify testing of JupyterHub, it is helpful to use
+:class:`~jupyterhub.auth.DummyAuthenticator` instead of the default JupyterHub
+authenticator and SimpleLocalProcessSpawner instead of the default spawner.
+
+There is a sample configuration file that does this in
+``testing/jupyterhub_config.py``. To launch JupyterHub with this
+configuration:
+
+.. code:: bash
+
+   jupyterhub -f testing/jupyterhub_config.py
+
+The default JupyterHub `authenticator
+<https://jupyterhub.readthedocs.io/en/stable/reference/authenticators.html#the-default-pam-authenticator>`_
+& `spawner
+<https://jupyterhub.readthedocs.io/en/stable/api/spawner.html#localprocessspawner>`_
+require your system to have user accounts for each user you want to log in to
+JupyterHub as.
+
+DummyAuthenticator allows you to log in with any username & password,
+while SimpleLocalProcessSpawner allows you to start servers without having to
+create a Unix user for each JupyterHub user. Together, these make it
+much easier to test JupyterHub.
+
+Tip: If you are working on parts of JupyterHub that are common to all
+authenticators & spawners, we recommend using both DummyAuthenticator &
+SimpleLocalProcessSpawner. If you are working on just authenticator-related
+parts, use only SimpleLocalProcessSpawner. Similarly, if you are working on
+just spawner-related parts, use only DummyAuthenticator.
+
+Troubleshooting
+===============
+
+This section lists common ways setting up your development environment may
+fail, and how to fix them. Please add to the list if you encounter yet
+another way it can fail!
+
+``lessc`` not found
+-------------------
+
+If the ``python3 -m pip install --editable .`` command fails and complains about
+``lessc`` being unavailable, you may need to explicitly install some
+additional JavaScript dependencies:
+
+.. code:: bash
+
+   npm install
+
+This will fetch client-side JavaScript dependencies necessary to compile
+CSS.
+
+You may also need to manually update JavaScript and CSS after some
+development updates, with:
+
+.. code:: bash
+
+   python3 setup.py js    # fetch updated client-side js
+   python3 setup.py css   # recompile CSS from LESS sources
+   python3 setup.py jsx   # build React admin app

docs/source/contributing/tests.md

@@ -1,157 +0,0 @@
-(contributing-tests)=
-
-# Testing JupyterHub and linting code
-
-Unit testing helps to validate that JupyterHub works the way we think it does,
-and continues to do so when changes occur. They also help communicate
-precisely what we expect our code to do.
-
-JupyterHub uses [pytest](https://pytest.org) for all the tests. You
-can find them under the [jupyterhub/tests](https://github.com/jupyterhub/jupyterhub/tree/main/jupyterhub/tests) directory in the git repository.
-
-## Running the tests
-
-1. Make sure you have completed {ref}`contributing/setup`.
-   Once you are done, you would be able to run `jupyterhub` from the command line and access it from your web browser.
-   This ensures that the dev environment is properly set up for tests to run.
-
-2. You can run all tests in JupyterHub
-
-   ```bash
-   pytest -v jupyterhub/tests
-   ```
-
-   This should display progress as it runs all the tests, printing
-   information about any test failures as they occur.
-
-   If you wish to confirm test coverage the run tests with the `--cov` flag:
-
-   ```bash
-   pytest -v --cov=jupyterhub jupyterhub/tests
-   ```
-
-3. You can also run tests in just a specific file:
-
-   ```bash
-   pytest -v jupyterhub/tests/<test-file-name>
-   ```
-
-4. To run a specific test only, you can do:
-
-   ```bash
-   pytest -v jupyterhub/tests/<test-file-name>::<test-name>
-   ```
-
-   This runs the test with function name `<test-name>` defined in
-   `<test-file-name>`. This is very useful when you are iteratively
-   developing a single test.
-
-   For example, to run the test `test_shutdown` in the file `test_api.py`,
-   you would run:
-
-   ```bash
-   pytest -v jupyterhub/tests/test_api.py::test_shutdown
-   ```
-
-   For more details, refer to the [pytest usage documentation](https://pytest.readthedocs.io/en/latest/usage.html).
-
-## Test organisation
-
-The tests live in `jupyterhub/tests` and are organized roughly into:
-
-1. `test_api.py` tests the REST API
-2. `test_pages.py` tests loading the HTML pages
-
-and other collections of tests for different components.
-When writing a new test, there should usually be a test of
-similar functionality already written and related tests should
-be added nearby.
-
-The fixtures live in `jupyterhub/tests/conftest.py`. There are
-fixtures that can be used for JupyterHub components, such as:
-
-- `app`: an instance of JupyterHub with mocked parts
-- `auth_state_enabled`: enables persisting auth_state (like authentication tokens)
-- `db`: a sqlite in-memory DB session
-- `` io_loop` ``: a Tornado event loop
-- `event_loop`: a new asyncio event loop
-- `user`: creates a new temporary user
-- `admin_user`: creates a new temporary admin user
-- single user servers
-  \- `cleanup_after`: allows cleanup of single user servers between tests
-- mocked service
-  \- `MockServiceSpawner`: a spawner that mocks services for testing with a short poll interval
-  \- `` mockservice` ``: mocked service with no external service url
-  \- `mockservice_url`: mocked service with a url to test external services
-
-And fixtures to add functionality or spawning behavior:
-
-- `admin_access`: grants admin access
-- `` no_patience` ``: sets slow-spawning timeouts to zero
-- `slow_spawn`: enables the SlowSpawner (a spawner that takes a few seconds to start)
-- `never_spawn`: enables the NeverSpawner (a spawner that will never start)
-- `bad_spawn`: enables the BadSpawner (a spawner that fails immediately)
-- `slow_bad_spawn`: enables the SlowBadSpawner (a spawner that fails after a short delay)
-
-Refer to the [pytest fixtures documentation](https://pytest.readthedocs.io/en/latest/fixture.html) to learn how to use fixtures that exists already and to create new ones.
-
-### The Pytest-Asyncio Plugin
-
-When testing the various JupyterHub components and their various implementations, it sometimes becomes necessary to have a running instance of JupyterHub to test against.
-The [`app`](https://github.com/jupyterhub/jupyterhub/blob/270b61992143b29af8c2fab90c4ed32f2f6fe209/jupyterhub/tests/conftest.py#L60) fixture mocks a JupyterHub application for use in testing by:
-
-- enabling ssl if internal certificates are available
-- creating an instance of [MockHub](https://github.com/jupyterhub/jupyterhub/blob/270b61992143b29af8c2fab90c4ed32f2f6fe209/jupyterhub/tests/mocking.py#L221) using any provided configurations as arguments
-- initializing the mocked instance
-- starting the mocked instance
-- finally, a registered finalizer function performs a cleanup and stops the mocked instance
-
-The JupyterHub test suite uses the [pytest-asyncio plugin](https://pytest-asyncio.readthedocs.io/en/latest/) that handles [event-loop](https://docs.python.org/3/library/asyncio-eventloop.html) integration in [Tornado](https://www.tornadoweb.org/en/stable/) applications. This allows for the use of top-level awaits when calling async functions or [fixtures](https://docs.pytest.org/en/6.2.x/fixture.html#what-fixtures-are) during testing. All test functions and fixtures labelled as `async` will run on the same event loop.
-
-```{note}
-With the introduction of [top-level awaits](https://piccolo-orm.com/blog/top-level-await-in-python/), the use of the `io_loop` fixture of the [pytest-tornado plugin](https://www.tornadoweb.org/en/stable/ioloop.html) is no longer necessary. It was initially used to call coroutines. With the upgrades made to `pytest-asyncio`, this usage is now deprecated. It is now, only utilized within the JupyterHub test suite to ensure complete cleanup of resources used during testing such as open file descriptors. This is demonstrated in this [pull request](https://github.com/jupyterhub/jupyterhub/pull/4332).
-More information is provided below.
-```
-
-One of the general goals of the [JupyterHub Pytest Plugin project](https://github.com/jupyterhub/pytest-jupyterhub) is to ensure the MockHub cleanup fully closes and stops all utilized resources during testing so the use of the `io_loop` fixture for teardown is not necessary. This was highlighted in this [issue](https://github.com/jupyterhub/pytest-jupyterhub/issues/30)
-
-For more information on asyncio and event-loops, here are some resources:
-
-- **Read**: [Introduction to the Python event loop](https://www.pythontutorial.net/python-concurrency/python-event-loop)
-- **Read**: [Overview of Async IO in Python 3.7](https://stackabuse.com/overview-of-async-io-in-python-3-7)
-- **Watch**: [Asyncio: Understanding Async / Await in Python](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=bs9tlDFWWdQ)
-- **Watch**: [Learn Python's AsyncIO #2 - The Event Loop](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=E7Yn5biBZ58)
-
-## Troubleshooting Test Failures
-
-### All the tests are failing
-
-Make sure you have completed all the steps in {ref}`contributing/setup` successfully, and are able to access JupyterHub from your browser at http://localhost:8000 after starting `jupyterhub` in your command line.
-
-## Code formatting and linting
-
-JupyterHub automatically enforces code formatting. This means that pull requests
-with changes breaking this formatting will receive a commit from pre-commit.ci
-automatically.
-
-To automatically format code locally, you can install pre-commit and register a
-_git hook_ to automatically check with pre-commit before you make a commit if
-the formatting is okay.
-
-```bash
-pip install pre-commit
-pre-commit install --install-hooks
-```
-
-To run pre-commit manually you would do:
-
-```bash
-# check for changes to code not yet committed
-pre-commit run
-
-# check for changes also in already committed code
-pre-commit run --all-files
-```
-
-You may also install [black integration](https://github.com/psf/black#editor-integration)
-into your text editor to format code automatically.

docs/source/contributing/tests.rst

@@ -0,0 +1,138 @@
+.. _contributing/tests:
+
+===================================
+Testing JupyterHub and linting code
+===================================
+
+Unit testing helps to validate that JupyterHub works the way we think it does,
+and continues to do so when changes occur. They also help communicate
+precisely what we expect our code to do. 
+
+JupyterHub uses `pytest <https://pytest.org>`_ for all the tests. You
+can find them under the `jupyterhub/tests <https://github.com/jupyterhub/jupyterhub/tree/main/jupyterhub/tests>`_ directory in the git repository.
+
+Running the tests
+==================
+
+#. Make sure you have completed :ref:`contributing/setup`.
+   Once you are done, you would be able to run ``jupyterhub`` from the command line and access it from your web browser.
+   This ensures that the dev environment is properly set up for tests to run.
+
+#. You can run all tests in JupyterHub
+
+   .. code-block:: bash
+
+      pytest -v jupyterhub/tests
+
+   This should display progress as it runs all the tests, printing
+   information about any test failures as they occur.
+
+   If you wish to confirm test coverage the run tests with the `--cov` flag:
+
+   .. code-block:: bash
+
+      pytest -v --cov=jupyterhub jupyterhub/tests
+
+#. You can also run tests in just a specific file:
+
+   .. code-block:: bash
+
+      pytest -v jupyterhub/tests/<test-file-name>
+
+#. To run a specific test only, you can do:
+
+   .. code-block:: bash
+
+      pytest -v jupyterhub/tests/<test-file-name>::<test-name>
+
+   This runs the test with function name ``<test-name>`` defined in
+   ``<test-file-name>``. This is very useful when you are iteratively
+   developing a single test.
+
+   For example, to run the test ``test_shutdown`` in the file ``test_api.py``,
+   you would run:
+
+   .. code-block:: bash
+
+      pytest -v jupyterhub/tests/test_api.py::test_shutdown
+
+   For more details, refer to the `pytest usage documentation <https://pytest.readthedocs.io/en/latest/usage.html>`_.
+
+Test organisation
+=================
+
+The tests live in ``jupyterhub/tests`` and are organized roughly into:
+
+#. ``test_api.py`` tests the REST API
+#. ``test_pages.py`` tests loading the HTML pages
+
+and other collections of tests for different components.
+When writing a new test, there should usually be a test of
+similar functionality already written and related tests should
+be added nearby.
+
+The fixtures live in ``jupyterhub/tests/conftest.py``. There are
+fixtures that can be used for JupyterHub components, such as:
+
+- ``app``: an instance of JupyterHub with mocked parts
+- ``auth_state_enabled``: enables persisting auth_state (like authentication tokens)
+- ``db``: a sqlite in-memory DB session
+- ``io_loop```: a Tornado event loop
+- ``event_loop``: a new asyncio event loop
+- ``user``: creates a new temporary user
+- ``admin_user``: creates a new temporary admin user
+- single user servers
+  - ``cleanup_after``: allows cleanup of single user servers between tests
+- mocked service
+  - ``MockServiceSpawner``: a spawner that mocks services for testing with a short poll interval
+  - ``mockservice```: mocked service with no external service url
+  - ``mockservice_url``: mocked service with a url to test external services
+
+And fixtures to add functionality or spawning behavior:
+
+- ``admin_access``: grants admin access
+- ``no_patience```: sets slow-spawning timeouts to zero
+- ``slow_spawn``: enables the SlowSpawner (a spawner that takes a few seconds to start)
+- ``never_spawn``: enables the NeverSpawner (a spawner that will never start)
+- ``bad_spawn``: enables the BadSpawner (a spawner that fails immediately)
+- ``slow_bad_spawn``: enables the SlowBadSpawner (a spawner that fails after a short delay)
+
+Refer to the `pytest fixtures documentation <https://pytest.readthedocs.io/en/latest/fixture.html>`_  to learn how to use fixtures that exists already and to create new ones.
+
+Troubleshooting Test Failures
+=============================
+
+All the tests are failing
+-------------------------
+
+Make sure you have completed all the steps in :ref:`contributing/setup` successfully, and are able to access JupyterHub from your browser at http://localhost:8000 after starting ``jupyterhub`` in your command line.
+
+
+Code formatting and linting
+===========================
+
+JupyterHub automatically enforces code formatting. This means that pull requests
+with changes breaking this formatting will receive a commit from pre-commit.ci
+automatically.
+
+To automatically format code locally, you can install pre-commit and register a
+*git hook* to automatically check with pre-commit before you make a commit if
+the formatting is okay.
+
+.. code:: bash
+
+   pip install pre-commit
+   pre-commit install --install-hooks
+
+To run pre-commit manually you would do:
+
+.. code:: bash
+
+   # check for changes to code not yet committed
+   pre-commit run
+
+   # check for changes also in already committed code
+   pre-commit run --all-files
+
+You may also install `black integration <https://github.com/psf/black#editor-integration>`_
+into your text editor to format code automatically.

docs/source/events/index.rst

@@ -0,0 +1,46 @@
+Event logging and telemetry
+===========================
+
+JupyterHub can be configured to record structured events from a running server using Jupyter's `Telemetry System`_. The types of events that JupyterHub emits are defined by `JSON schemas`_ listed at the bottom of this page_.
+
+.. _logging: https://docs.python.org/3/library/logging.html
+.. _`Telemetry System`: https://github.com/jupyter/telemetry
+.. _`JSON schemas`: https://json-schema.org/
+
+How to emit events
+------------------
+
+Event logging is handled by its ``Eventlog`` object. This leverages Python's standing logging_ library to emit, filter, and collect event data. 
+
+
+To begin recording events, you'll need to set two configurations:
+
+    1. ``handlers``: tells the EventLog *where* to route your events. This trait is a list of Python logging handlers that route events to the event log file.  
+    2. ``allows_schemas``: tells the EventLog *which* events should be recorded. No events are emitted by default; all recorded events must be listed here.
+
+Here's a basic example:
+
+.. code-block::
+
+    import logging
+
+    c.EventLog.handlers = [
+        logging.FileHandler('event.log'),
+    ]
+
+    c.EventLog.allowed_schemas = [
+        'hub.jupyter.org/server-action'
+    ]
+
+The output is a file, ``"event.log"``, with events recorded as JSON data.
+
+
+.. _page:
+
+Event schemas
+-------------
+
+.. toctree::
+    :maxdepth: 2
+
+    server-actions.rst

docs/source/events/server-actions.rst

@@ -1,3 +1 @@
-```{eval-rst}
 .. jsonschema:: ../../../jupyterhub/event-schemas/server-actions/v1.yaml
-```

docs/source/explanation/database.md

@@ -1,183 +0,0 @@
-(hub-database)=
-
-# The Hub's Database
-
-JupyterHub uses a database to store information about users, services, and other data needed for operating the Hub.
-This is the **state** of the Hub.
-
-## Why does JupyterHub have a database?
-
-JupyterHub is a **stateful** application (more on that 'state' later).
-Updating JupyterHub's configuration or upgrading the version of JupyterHub requires restarting the JupyterHub process to apply the changes.
-We want to minimize the disruption caused by restarting the Hub process, so it can be a mundane, frequent, routine activity.
-Storing state information outside the process for later retrieval is necessary for this, and one of the main thing databases are for.
-
-A lot of the operations in JupyterHub are also **relationships**, which is exactly what SQL databases are great at.
-For example:
-
-- Given an API token, what user is making the request?
-- Which users don't have running servers?
-- Which servers belong to user X?
-- Which users have not been active in the last 24 hours?
-
-Finally, a database allows us to have more information stored without needing it all loaded in memory,
-e.g. supporting a large number (several thousands) of inactive users.
-
-## What's in the database?
-
-The short answer of what's in the JupyterHub database is "everything."
-JupyterHub's **state** lives in the database.
-That is, everything JupyterHub needs to be aware of to function that _doesn't_ come from the configuration files, such as
-
-- users, roles, role assignments
-- state, urls of running servers
-- Hashed API tokens
-- Short-lived state related to OAuth flow
-- Timestamps for when users, tokens, and servers were last used
-
-### What's _not_ in the database
-
-Not _quite_ all of JupyterHub's state is in the database.
-This mostly involves transient state, such as the 'pending' transitions of Spawners (starting, stopping, etc.).
-Anything not in the database must be reconstructed on Hub restart, and the only sources of information to do that are the database and JupyterHub configuration file(s).
-
-## How does JupyterHub use the database?
-
-JupyterHub makes some _unusual_ choices in how it connects to the database.
-These choices represent trade-offs favoring single-process simplicity and performance at the expense of horizontal scalability (multiple Hub instances).
-
-We often say that the Hub 'owns' the database.
-This ownership means that we assume the Hub is the only process that will talk to the database.
-This assumption enables us to make several caching optimizations that dramatically improve JupyterHub's performance (i.e. data written recently to the database can be read from memory instead of fetched again from the database) that would not work if multiple processes could be interacting with the database at the same time.
-
-Database operations are also synchronous, so while JupyterHub is waiting on a database operation, it cannot respond to other requests.
-This allows us to avoid complex locking mechanisms, because transaction races can only occur during an `await`, so we only need to make sure we've completed any given transaction before the next `await` in a given request.
-
-:::{note}
-We are slowly working to remove these assumptions, and moving to a more traditional db session per-request pattern.
-This will enable multiple Hub instances and enable scaling JupyterHub, but will significantly reduce the number of active users a single Hub instance can serve.
-:::
-
-### Database performance in a typical request
-
-Most authenticated requests to JupyterHub involve a few database transactions:
-
-1. look up the authenticated user (e.g. look up token by hash, then resolve owner and permissions)
-2. record activity
-3. perform any relevant changes involved in processing the request (e.g. create the records for a running server when starting one)
-
-This means that the database is involved in almost every request, but only in quite small, simple queries, e.g.:
-
-- lookup one token by hash
-- lookup one user by name
-- list tokens or servers for one user (typically 1-10)
-- etc.
-
-### The database as a limiting factor
-
-As a result of the above transactions in most requests, database performance is the _leading_ factor in JupyterHub's baseline requests-per-second performance, but that cost does not scale significantly with the number of users, active or otherwise.
-However, the database is _rarely_ a limiting factor in JupyterHub performance in a practical sense, because the main thing JupyterHub does is start, stop, and monitor whole servers, which take far more time than any small database transaction, no matter how many records you have or how slow your database is (within reason).
-Additionally, there is usually _very_ little load on the database itself.
-
-By far the most taxing activity on the database is the 'list all users' endpoint, primarily used by the [idle-culling service](https://github.com/jupyterhub/jupyterhub-idle-culler).
-Database-based optimizations have been added to make even these operations feasible for large numbers of users:
-
-1. State filtering on [GET /hub/api/users?state=active](../reference/rest-api.html#/default/get_users){.external},
-   which limits the number of results in the query to only the relevant subset (added in JupyterHub 1.3), rather than all users.
-2. [Pagination](api-pagination) of all list endpoints, allowing the request of a large number of resources to be more fairly balanced with other Hub activities across multiple requests (added in 2.0).
-
-:::{note}
-It's important to note when discussing performance and limiting factors and that all of this only applies to requests to `/hub/...`.
-The Hub and its database are not involved in most requests to single-user servers (`/user/...`), which is by design, and largely motivated by the fact that the Hub itself doesn't _need_ to be fast because its operations are infrequent and large.
-:::
-
-## Database backends
-
-JupyterHub supports a variety of database backends via [SQLAlchemy][].
-The default is sqlite, which works great for many cases, but you should be able to use many backends supported by SQLAlchemy.
-Usually, this will mean PostgreSQL or MySQL, both of which are officially supported and well tested with JupyterHub, but others may work as well.
-See [SQLAlchemy's docs][sqlalchemy-dialect] for how to connect to different database backends.
-Doing so generally involves:
-
-1. installing a Python package that provides a client implementation, and
-2. setting [](JupyterHub.db_url) to connect to your database with the specified implementation
-
-[sqlalchemy-dialect]: https://docs.sqlalchemy.org/en/20/dialects/
-[sqlalchemy]: https://www.sqlalchemy.org
-
-### Default backend: SQLite
-
-The default database backend for JupyterHub is [SQLite](https://sqlite.org).
-We have chosen SQLite as JupyterHub's default because it's simple (the 'database' is a single file) and ubiquitous (it is in the Python standard library).
-It works very well for testing, small deployments, and workshops.
-
-For production systems, SQLite has some disadvantages when used with JupyterHub:
-
-- `upgrade-db` may not always work, and you may need to start with a fresh database
-- `downgrade-db` **will not** work if you want to rollback to an earlier
-  version, so backup the `jupyterhub.sqlite` file before upgrading (JupyterHub automatically creates a date-stamped backup file when upgrading sqlite)
-
-The sqlite documentation provides a helpful page about [when to use SQLite and
-where traditional RDBMS may be a better choice](https://sqlite.org/whentouse.html).
-
-### Picking your database backend (PostgreSQL, MySQL)
-
-When running a long term deployment or a production system, we recommend using a full-fledged relational database, such as [PostgreSQL](https://www.postgresql.org) or [MySQL](https://www.mysql.com), that supports the SQL `ALTER TABLE` statement, which is used in some database upgrade steps.
-
-In general, you select your database backend with [](JupyterHub.db_url), and can further configure it (usually not necessary) with [](JupyterHub.db_kwargs).
-
-## Notes and Tips
-
-### SQLite
-
-The SQLite database should not be used on NFS. SQLite uses reader/writer locks
-to control access to the database. This locking mechanism might not work
-correctly if the database file is kept on an NFS filesystem. This is because
-`fcntl()` file locking is broken on many NFS implementations. Therefore, you
-should avoid putting SQLite database files on NFS since it will not handle well
-multiple processes which might try to access the file at the same time.
-
-### PostgreSQL
-
-We recommend using PostgreSQL for production if you are unsure whether to use
-MySQL or PostgreSQL or if you do not have a strong preference.
-There is additional configuration required for MySQL that is not needed for PostgreSQL.
-
-For example, to connect to a postgres database with psycopg2:
-
-1. install psycopg2: `pip instal psycopg2` (or `psycopg2-binary` to avoid compilation, which is [not recommended for production][psycopg2-binary])
-2. set authentication via environment variables `PGUSER` and `PGPASSWORD`
-3. configure [](JupyterHub.db_url):
-
-   ```python
-   c.JupyterHub.db_url = "postgres+psycopg2://my-postgres-server:5432/my-db-name"
-   ```
-
-[psycopg2-binary]: https://www.psycopg.org/docs/install.html#psycopg-vs-psycopg-binary
-
-### MySQL / MariaDB
-
-- You should probably use the `pymysql` or `mysqlclient` sqlalchemy provider, or another backend [recommended by sqlalchemy](https://docs.sqlalchemy.org/en/20/dialects/mysql.html#dialect-mysql)
-- You also need to set `pool_recycle` to some value (typically 60 - 300, JupyterHub will default to 60)
-  which depends on your MySQL setup. This is necessary since MySQL kills
-  connections serverside if they've been idle for a while, and the connection
-  from the hub will be idle for longer than most connections. This behavior
-  will lead to frustrating 'the connection has gone away' errors from
-  sqlalchemy if `pool_recycle` is not set.
-- If you use `utf8mb4` collation with MySQL earlier than 5.7.7 or MariaDB
-  earlier than 10.2.1 you may get an `1709, Index column size too large` error.
-  To fix this you need to set `innodb_large_prefix` to enabled and
-  `innodb_file_format` to `Barracuda` to allow for the index sizes jupyterhub
-  uses. `row_format` will be set to `DYNAMIC` as long as those options are set
-  correctly. Later versions of MariaDB and MySQL should set these values by
-  default, as well as have a default `DYNAMIC` `row_format` and pose no trouble
-  to users.
-
-For example, to connect to a mysql database with mysqlclient:
-
-1. install mysqlclient: `pip install mysqlclient`
-2. configure [](JupyterHub.db_url):
-
-   ```python
-   c.JupyterHub.db_url = "mysql+mysqldb://myuser:mypassword@my-sql-server:3306/my-db-name"
-   ```

docs/source/explanation/index.md

@@ -1,14 +0,0 @@
-# Explanation
-
-_Explanation_ documentation provide big-picture descriptions of how JupyterHub works. This section is meant to build your understanding of particular topics.
-
-```{toctree}
-:maxdepth: 1
-
-capacity-planning
-database
-websecurity
-oauth
-singleuser
-../rbac/index
-```

docs/source/explanation/singleuser.md

@@ -1,109 +0,0 @@
-(singleuser)=
-
-# The JupyterHub single-user server
-
-When a user logs into JupyterHub, they get a 'server', which we usually call the **single-user server**, because it's a server that's meant for a single JupyterHub user.
-Each JupyterHub user gets a different one (or more than one!).
-
-A single-user server is a process running somewhere that is:
-
-1. accessible over http[s],
-2. authenticated via JupyterHub using OAuth 2.0,
-3. started by a [Spawner](spawners), and
-4. 'owned' by a single JupyterHub user
-
-## The single-user server command
-
-The Spawner's default single-user server startup command, `jupyterhub-singleuser`, launches `jupyter-server`, the same program used when you run `jupyter lab` on your laptop.
-(_It can also launch the legacy `jupyter-notebook` server_).
-That's why JupyterHub looks familiar to folks who are already using Jupyter at home or elsewhere.
-It's the same!
-`jupyterhub-singleuser` _customizes_ that program to change (approximately) one thing: **authenticate requests with JupyterHub**.
-
-(singleuser-auth)=
-
-## Single-user server authentication
-
-Implementation-wise, JupyterHub single-user servers are a special-case of {ref}`services`
-and as such use the same (OAuth) authentication mechanism (more on OAuth in JupyterHub at [](oauth)).
-This is primarily implemented in the {class}`~.HubOAuth` class.
-
-This code resides in `jupyterhub.singleuser` subpackage of JupyterHub.
-The main task of this code is to:
-
-1. resolve a JupyterHub token to a JupyterHub user (authenticate)
-2. check permissions (`access:servers`) for the token to make sure the request should be allowed (authorize)
-3. if not authorized, begin the OAuth process with a redirect to the Hub
-4. after login, store OAuth tokens in a cookie only used by this single-user server
-5. implement logout to clear the cookie
-
-Most of this is implemented in the {class}`~.HubOAuth` class. `jupyterhub.singleuser` is responsible for _adapting_ the base Jupyter Server to use HubOAuth for these tasks.
-
-### JupyterHub authentication extension
-
-By default, `jupyter-server` uses its own cookie to authenticate.
-If that cookie is not present, the server redirects you a login page and asks you to enter a password or token.
-
-Jupyter Server 2.0 introduces two new _APIs_ for customizing authentication: the [IdentityProvider](inv:jupyter-server#jupyter_server.auth.IdentityProvider) and the [Authorizer](inv:jupyter-server#jupyter_server.auth.Authorizer).
-More information can be found in the [Jupyter Server documentation](https://jupyter-server.readthedocs.io).
-
-JupyterHub implements these APIs in `jupyterhub.singleuser.extension`.
-
-The IdentityProvider is responsible for _authenticating_ requests.
-In JupyterHub, that means extracting OAuth tokens from the request and resolving them to a JupyterHub user.
-
-The Authorizer is a _separate_ API for _authorizing_ actions on particular resources.
-Because the JupyterHub IdentityProvider only allows _authenticating_ users who already have the necessary `access:servers` permission to access the server, the default Authorizer only contains a redundant check for this same permission, and ignores the resource inputs.
-However, specifying a _custom_ Authorizer allows for granular permissions, such as read-only access to subsets of a shared server.
-
-### JupyterHub authentication via subclass
-
-Prior to Jupyter Server 2 (i.e. Jupyter Server 1.x or the legacy `jupyter-notebook` server), JupyterHub authentication is applied via _subclass_.
-Originally a subclass of `NotebookApp`,
-this approach works with both `jupyter-server` and `jupyter-notebook`.
-Instead of using the extension mechanisms above,
-the server application is _subclassed_. This worked well in the `jupyter-notebook` days,
-but doesn't fit well with Jupyter Server's extension-based architecture.
-
-### Selecting jupyterhub-singleuser implementation
-
-Using the JupyterHub singleuser-server extension is the default behavior of JupyterHub 4 and Jupyter Server 2, otherwise the subclass approach is taken.
-
-You can opt-out of the extension by setting the environment variable `JUPYTERHUB_SINGLEUSER_EXTENSION=0`:
-
-```python
-c.Spawner.environment.update(
-    {
-        "JUPYTERHUB_SINGLEUSER_EXTENSION": "0",
-    }
-)
-```
-
-The subclass approach will also be taken if you've opted to use the classic notebook server with:
-
-```
-JUPYTERHUB_SINGLEUSER_APP=notebook
-```
-
-which was introduced in JupyterHub 2.
-
-## Other customizations
-
-`jupyterhub-singleuser` makes other small customizations to how the single-user server behaves:
-
-1. logs activity on the single-user server, used in [idle-culling](https://github.com/jupyterhub/jupyterhub-idle-culler).
-2. disables some features that don't make sense in JupyterHub (trash, retrying ports)
-3. loading options such as URLs and SSL configuration from the environment
-4. customize logging for consistency with JupyterHub logs
-
-## Running a single-user server that's not `jupyterhub-singleuser`
-
-By default, `jupyterhub-singleuser` is the same `jupyter-server` used by JupyterLab, Jupyter notebook (>= 7), etc.
-But technically, all JupyterHub cares about is that it is:
-
-1. an http server at the prescribed URL, accessible from the Hub and proxy, and
-2. authenticated via [OAuth](oauth) with the Hub (it doesn't even have to do this, if you want to do your own authentication, as is done in BinderHub)
-
-which means that you can customize JupyterHub to launch _any_ web application that meets these criteria, by following the specifications in {ref}`services`.
-
-Most of the time, though, it's easier to use [jupyter-server-proxy](https://jupyter-server-proxy.readthedocs.io) if you want to launch additional web applications in JupyterHub.

docs/source/faq/faq.md

@@ -1,76 +0,0 @@
-# Frequently asked questions
-
-## How do I share links to notebooks?
-
-Sharing links to notebooks is a common activity,
-and can look different depending on what you mean by 'share.'
-Your first instinct might be to copy the URL you see in the browser,
-e.g. `jupyterhub.example/user/yourname/notebooks/coolthing.ipynb`,
-but this usually won't work, depending on the permissions of the person you share the link with.
-
-Unfortunately, 'share' means at least a few things to people in a JupyterHub context.
-We'll cover 3 common cases here, when they are applicable, and what assumptions they make:
-
-1. sharing links that will open the same file on the visitor's own server
-2. sharing links that will bring the visitor to _your_ server (e.g. for real-time collaboration, or RTC)
-3. publishing notebooks and sharing links that will download the notebook into the user's server
-
-### link to the same file on the visitor's server
-
-This is for the case where you have JupyterHub on a shared (or sufficiently similar) filesystem, where you want to share a link that will cause users to login and start their _own_ server, to view or edit the file.
-
-**Assumption:** the same path on someone else's server is valid and points to the same file
-
-This is useful in e.g. classes where you know students have certain files in certain locations, or collaborations where you know you have a shared filesystem where everyone has access to the same files.
-
-A link should look like `https://jupyterhub.example/hub/user-redirect/lab/tree/foo.ipynb`.
-You can hand-craft these URLs from the URL you are looking at, where you see `/user/name/lab/tree/foo.ipynb` use `/hub/user-redirect/lab/tree/foo.ipynb` (replace `/user/name/` with `/hub/user-redirect/`).
-Or you can use JupyterLab's "copy shareable link" in the context menu in the file browser:
-
-![copy shareable link in JupyterLab](../images/shareable_link.webp)
-
-which will produce a correct URL with `/hub/user-redirect/` in it.
-
-### link to the file on your server
-
-This is for the case where you want to both be using _your_ server, e.g. for real-time collaboration (RTC).
-
-**Assumption:** the user has (or should have) access to your server.
-
-**Assumption:** your server is running _or_ the user has permission to start it.
-
-By default, JupyterHub users don't have access to each other's servers, but JupyterHub 2.0 administrators can grant users limited access permissions to each other's servers.
-If the visitor doesn't have access to the server, these links will result in a 403 Permission Denied error.
-
-In many cases, for this situation you can copy the link in your URL bar (`/user/yourname/lab`), or you can add `/tree/path/to/specific/notebook.ipynb` to open a specific file.
-
-The [jupyterlab-link-share] JupyterLab extension generates these links, and even can _grant_ other users access to your server.
-
-[jupyterlab-link-share]: https://github.com/jupyterlab-contrib/jupyterlab-link-share
-
-:::{warning}
-Note that the way the extension _grants_ access is handing over credentials to allow the other user to **_BECOME YOU_**.
-This is usually not appropriate in JupyterHub.
-:::
-
-### link to a published copy
-
-Another way to 'share' notebooks is to publish copies, e.g. pushing the notebook to a git repository and sharing a download link.
-This way is especially useful for course materials,
-where no assumptions are necessary about the user's environment,
-except for having one package installed.
-
-**Assumption:** The [nbgitpuller](inv:nbgitpuller#index) server extension is installed
-
-Unlike the other two methods, nbgitpuller doesn't provide an extension to copy a shareable link for the document you're currently looking at,
-but it does provide a [link generator](inv:nbgitpuller#link),
-which uses the `user-redirect` approach above.
-
-When visiting an nbgitpuller link:
-
-- The visitor will be directed to their own server
-- Your repo will be cloned (or updated if it's already been cloned)
-- and then the file opened when it's ready
-
-[nbgitpuller]: https://nbgitpuller.readthedocs.io
-[nbgitpuller-link]: https://nbgitpuller.readthedocs.io/en/latest/link.html

docs/source/faq/index.md

@@ -1,11 +0,0 @@
-# FAQs
-
-Find answers to some of the most frequently-asked questions around JupyterHub and how it works.
-
-```{toctree}
-:maxdepth: 2
-
-faq
-institutional-faq
-troubleshooting
-```

docs/source/gallery-jhub-deployments.md

@@ -1,5 +1,3 @@
-(gallery-of-deployments)=
-
 # A Gallery of JupyterHub Deployments
 
 **A JupyterHub Community Resource**
@@ -22,13 +20,13 @@ Please submit pull requests to update information or to add new institutions or
 
   - [GitHub organization](https://github.com/data-8)
 
-- [NERSC](https://www.nersc.gov/)
+- [NERSC](http://www.nersc.gov/)
 
-  - [Press release on Jupyter and Cori](https://www.nersc.gov/news-publications/nersc-news/nersc-center-news/2016/jupyter-notebooks-will-open-up-new-possibilities-on-nerscs-cori-supercomputer/)
+  - [Press release on Jupyter and Cori](http://www.nersc.gov/news-publications/nersc-news/nersc-center-news/2016/jupyter-notebooks-will-open-up-new-possibilities-on-nerscs-cori-supercomputer/)
   - [Moving and sharing data](https://www.nersc.gov/assets/Uploads/03-MovingAndSharingData-Cholia.pdf)
 
-- [Research IT](https://research-it.berkeley.edu)
-  - [JupyterHub server supports campus research computation](https://research-it.berkeley.edu/blog/17/01/24/free-fully-loaded-jupyterhub-server-supports-campus-research-computation)
+- [Research IT](http://research-it.berkeley.edu)
+  - [JupyterHub server supports campus research computation](http://research-it.berkeley.edu/blog/17/01/24/free-fully-loaded-jupyterhub-server-supports-campus-research-computation)
 
 ### University of California Davis
 
@@ -63,15 +61,6 @@ easy to do with RStudio too.
 
 - [jupyterhub-deploy-teaching](https://github.com/jupyterhub/jupyterhub-deploy-teaching) based on work by Brian Granger for Cal Poly's Data Science 301 Course
 
-### CERN
-
-[CERN](https://home.cern/), also known as the European Organization for Nuclear Research, is a world-renowned scientific research centre and the home of the Large Hadron Collider (LHC).
-
-Within CERN, there are two noteworthy JupyterHub deployments in operation:
-
-- [SWAN](https://swan.web.cern.ch/swan/), which stands for Service for Web based Analysis, serves as an interactive data analysis platform primarily utilized at CERN.
-- [VRE](https://vre-hub.github.io/), which stands for Virtual Research Environment, is an analysis platform developed within the [EOSC Project](https://eoscfuture.eu/) to cater to the needs of scientific communities involved in European projects.
-
 ### Chameleon
 
 [Chameleon](https://www.chameleoncloud.org) is a NSF-funded configurable experimental environment for large-scale computer science systems research with [bare metal reconfigurability](https://chameleoncloud.readthedocs.io/en/latest/technical/baremetal.html). Chameleon users utilize JupyterHub to document and reproduce their complex CISE and networking experiments.
@@ -82,20 +71,25 @@ Within CERN, there are two noteworthy JupyterHub deployments in operation:
 ### Clemson University
 
 - Advanced Computing
-  - [Palmetto cluster and JupyterHub](https://citi.sites.clemson.edu/2016/08/18/JupyterHub-for-Palmetto-Cluster.html)
+  - [Palmetto cluster and JupyterHub](http://citi.sites.clemson.edu/2016/08/18/JupyterHub-for-Palmetto-Cluster.html)
 
 ### University of Colorado Boulder
 
 - (CU Research Computing) CURC
 
-  - [JupyterHub User Guide](https://curc.readthedocs.io/en/latest/gateways/jupyterhub.html)
+  - [JupyterHub User Guide](https://www.rc.colorado.edu/support/user-guide/jupyterhub.html)
     - Slurm job dispatched on Crestone compute cluster
     - log troubleshooting
     - Profiles in IPython Clusters tab
+  - [Parallel Processing with JupyterHub tutorial](https://www.rc.colorado.edu/support/examples-and-tutorials/parallel-processing-with-jupyterhub.html)
+  - [Parallel Programming with JupyterHub document](https://www.rc.colorado.edu/book/export/html/833)
+
+- Earth Lab at CU
+  - [Tutorial on Parallel R on JupyterHub](https://earthdatascience.org/tutorials/parallel-r-on-jupyterhub/)
 
 ### George Washington University
 
-- [JupyterHub](https://go.gwu.edu/jupyter) with university single-sign-on. Deployed early 2017.
+- [Jupyter Hub](http://go.gwu.edu/jupyter) with university single-sign-on. Deployed early 2017.
 
 ### HTCondor
 
@@ -107,7 +101,7 @@ Within CERN, there are two noteworthy JupyterHub deployments in operation:
 
 ### IllustrisTNG Simulation Project
 
-- [JupyterHub/Lab-based analysis platform, part of the TNG public data release](https://www.tng-project.org/data/)
+- [JupyterHub/Lab-based analysis platform, part of the TNG public data release](http://www.tng-project.org/data/)
 
 ### MIT and Lincoln Labs
 
@@ -127,13 +121,17 @@ Within CERN, there are two noteworthy JupyterHub deployments in operation:
 
 ### Paderborn University
 
-- [Data Science (DICE) group](https://dice-research.org)
+- [Data Science (DICE) group](https://dice.cs.uni-paderborn.de/)
   - [nbgraderutils](https://github.com/dice-group/nbgraderutils): Use JupyterHub + nbgrader + iJava kernel for online Java exercises. Used in lecture Statistical Natural Language Processing.
 
 ### Penn State University
 
 - [Press release](https://news.psu.edu/story/523093/2018/05/24/new-open-source-web-apps-available-students-and-faculty): "New open-source web apps available for students and faculty"
 
+### University of Rochester CIRC
+
+- [JupyterHub Userguide](https://info.circ.rochester.edu/Web_Applications/JupyterHub.html) - Slurm, beehive
+
 ### University of California San Diego
 
 - San Diego Supercomputer Center - Andrea Zonca
@@ -146,7 +144,7 @@ Within CERN, there are two noteworthy JupyterHub deployments in operation:
   - [Sample deployment of Jupyterhub in HPC on SDSC Comet](https://zonca.github.io/2017/02/sample-deployment-jupyterhub-hpc.html)
 
 - Educational Technology Services - Paul Jamason
-  - [datahub.ucsd.edu](https://datahub.ucsd.edu)
+  - [jupyterhub.ucsd.edu](https://jupyterhub.ucsd.edu)
 
 ### TACC University of Texas
 
@@ -182,7 +180,7 @@ Within CERN, there are two noteworthy JupyterHub deployments in operation:
 ### Rackspace Carina
 
 - https://getcarina.com/blog/learning-how-to-whale/
-- https://carolynvanslyck.com/talk/carina/jupyterhub/#/ (but carolynvanslyck is currently down; checked 10/26/22)
+- http://carolynvanslyck.com/talk/carina/jupyterhub/#/ (but carolynvanslyck is currently down; checked 10/26/22)
 
 ### Hadoop
 
@@ -191,13 +189,14 @@ Within CERN, there are two noteworthy JupyterHub deployments in operation:
 ## Miscellaneous
 
 - https://medium.com/@ybarraud/setting-up-jupyterhub-with-sudospawner-and-anaconda-844628c0dbee#.rm3yt87e1
-- [Mailing list UT deployment](https://groups.google.com/g/jupyter/c/nkPSEeMr8c0)
+- [Mailing list UT deployment](https://groups.google.com/forum/#!topic/jupyter/nkPSEeMr8c0)
 - [JupyterHub setup on Centos](https://gist.github.com/johnrc/604971f7d41ebf12370bf5729bf3e0a4)
-- [Deploy JupyterHub to Docker Swarm](https://jupyterhub.surge.sh)
-- https://www.laketide.com/building-your-lab-part-3/
-- https://estrellita.hatenablog.com/entry/2015/07/31/083202
-- https://www.walkingrandomly.com/?p=5734
+- [Deploy JupyterHub to Docker Swarm](https://jupyterhub.surge.sh/#/welcome)
+- http://www.laketide.com/building-your-lab-part-3/
+- http://estrellita.hatenablog.com/entry/2015/07/31/083202
+- http://www.walkingrandomly.com/?p=5734
 - https://wrdrd.com/docs/consulting/education-technology
 - https://bitbucket.org/jackhale/fenics-jupyter
 - [LinuxCluster blog](https://linuxcluster.wordpress.com/category/application/jupyterhub/)
+- [Network Technology](https://arnesund.com/tag/jupyterhub/)
 - [Spark Cluster on OpenStack with Multi-User Jupyter Notebook](https://arnesund.com/2015/09/21/spark-cluster-on-openstack-with-multi-user-jupyter-notebook/)

docs/source/getting-started/authenticators-users-basics.md

@@ -1,9 +1,7 @@
-(authenticators)=
-
 # Authentication and User Basics
 
 The default Authenticator uses [PAM][] (Pluggable Authentication Module) to authenticate system users with
-their usernames and passwords. With the default Authenticator, any user
+their username and password. With the default Authenticator, any user
 with an account and password on the system will be allowed to login.
 
 ## Create a set of allowed users (`allowed_users`)
@@ -103,19 +101,19 @@ system's UNIX users.
 JupyterHub's [OAuthenticator][] currently supports the following
 popular services:
 
-- [Auth0](https://oauthenticator.readthedocs.io/en/latest/reference/api/gen/oauthenticator.auth0.html)
-- [Azure AD](https://oauthenticator.readthedocs.io/en/latest/reference/api/gen/oauthenticator.azuread.html)
-- [Bitbucket](https://oauthenticator.readthedocs.io/en/latest/reference/api/gen/oauthenticator.bitbucket.html)
-- [CILogon](https://oauthenticator.readthedocs.io/en/latest/reference/api/gen/oauthenticator.cilogon.html)
-- [GitHub](https://oauthenticator.readthedocs.io/en/latest/reference/api/gen/oauthenticator.github.html)
-- [GitLab](https://oauthenticator.readthedocs.io/en/latest/reference/api/gen/oauthenticator.gitlab.html)
-- [Globus](https://oauthenticator.readthedocs.io/en/latest/reference/api/gen/oauthenticator.globus.html)
-- [Google](https://oauthenticator.readthedocs.io/en/latest/reference/api/gen/oauthenticator.google.html)
-- [MediaWiki](https://oauthenticator.readthedocs.io/en/latest/reference/api/gen/oauthenticator.mediawiki.html)
-- [Okpy](https://oauthenticator.readthedocs.io/en/latest/reference/api/gen/oauthenticator.okpy.html)
-- [OpenShift](https://oauthenticator.readthedocs.io/en/latest/reference/api/gen/oauthenticator.openshift.html)
+- [Auth0](https://oauthenticator.readthedocs.io/en/latest/api/gen/oauthenticator.auth0.html#module-oauthenticator.auth0)
+- [Azure AD](https://oauthenticator.readthedocs.io/en/latest/api/gen/oauthenticator.azuread.html#module-oauthenticator.azuread)
+- [Bitbucket](https://oauthenticator.readthedocs.io/en/latest/api/gen/oauthenticator.bitbucket.html#module-oauthenticator.bitbucket)
+- [CILogon](https://oauthenticator.readthedocs.io/en/latest/api/gen/oauthenticator.cilogon.html#module-oauthenticator.cilogon)
+- [GitHub](https://oauthenticator.readthedocs.io/en/latest/api/gen/oauthenticator.github.html#module-oauthenticator.github)
+- [GitLab](https://oauthenticator.readthedocs.io/en/latest/api/gen/oauthenticator.gitlab.html#module-oauthenticator.gitlab)
+- [Globus](https://oauthenticator.readthedocs.io/en/latest/api/gen/oauthenticator.globus.html#module-oauthenticator.globus)
+- [Google](https://oauthenticator.readthedocs.io/en/latest/api/gen/oauthenticator.google.html#module-oauthenticator.google)
+- [MediaWiki](https://oauthenticator.readthedocs.io/en/latest/api/gen/oauthenticator.mediawiki.html#module-oauthenticator.mediawiki)
+- [Okpy](https://oauthenticator.readthedocs.io/en/latest/api/gen/oauthenticator.okpy.html#module-oauthenticator.okpy)
+- [OpenShift](https://oauthenticator.readthedocs.io/en/latest/api/gen/oauthenticator.openshift.html#module-oauthenticator.openshift)
 
-A [generic implementation](https://oauthenticator.readthedocs.io/en/latest/reference/api/gen/oauthenticator.generic.html), which you can use for OAuth authentication
+A [generic implementation](https://oauthenticator.readthedocs.io/en/latest/api/gen/oauthenticator.generic.html#module-oauthenticator.generic), which you can use for OAuth authentication
 with any provider, is also available.
 
 ## Use DummyAuthenticator for testing

docs/source/getting-started/config-basics.md

@@ -1,7 +1,7 @@
 # Configuration Basics
 
 This section contains basic information about configuring settings for a JupyterHub
-deployment. The [Technical Reference](reference-index)
+deployment. The [Technical Reference](../reference/index)
 documentation provides additional details.
 
 This section will help you learn how to:
@@ -11,8 +11,6 @@ This section will help you learn how to:
 - configure JupyterHub using command line options
 - find information and examples for some common deployments
 
-(generate-config-file)=
-
 ## Generate a default config file
 
 On startup, JupyterHub will look by default for a configuration file,
@@ -46,7 +44,7 @@ jupyterhub -f /etc/jupyterhub/jupyterhub_config.py
 ```
 
 The IPython documentation provides additional information on the
-[config system](https://ipython.readthedocs.io/en/stable/development/config.html)
+[config system](http://ipython.readthedocs.io/en/stable/development/config.html)
 that Jupyter uses.
 
 ## Configure using command line options
@@ -82,7 +80,7 @@ The default authentication and process spawning mechanisms can be replaced, and
 specific [authenticators](authenticators-users-basics) and
 [spawners](spawners-basics) can be set in the configuration file.
 This enables JupyterHub to be used with a variety of authentication methods or
-process control and deployment environments. [Some examples](config-examples),
+process control and deployment environments. [Some examples](../reference/config-examples),
 meant as illustrations, are:
 
 - Using GitHub OAuth instead of PAM with [OAuthenticator](https://github.com/jupyterhub/oauthenticator)
@@ -99,4 +97,4 @@ maintenance, re-configuration, etc.), then user connections are not
 interrupted. For simplicity, by default the hub starts the proxy
 automatically, so if the hub restarts, the proxy restarts, and user
 connections are interrupted. It is easy to run the proxy separately,
-for information see [the separate proxy page](separate-proxy).
+for information see [the separate proxy page](../reference/separate-proxy).

docs/source/getting-started/faq.md

@@ -0,0 +1,36 @@
+# Frequently asked questions
+
+## How do I share links to notebooks?
+
+In short, where you see `/user/name/notebooks/foo.ipynb` use `/hub/user-redirect/notebooks/foo.ipynb` (replace `/user/name` with `/hub/user-redirect`).
+
+Sharing links to notebooks is a common activity,
+and can look different based on what you mean.
+Your first instinct might be to copy the URL you see in the browser,
+e.g. `hub.jupyter.org/user/yourname/notebooks/coolthing.ipynb`.
+However, let's break down what this URL means:
+
+`hub.jupyter.org/user/yourname/` is the URL prefix handled by _your server_,
+which means that sharing this URL is asking the person you share the link with
+to come to _your server_ and look at the exact same file.
+In most circumstances, this is forbidden by permissions because the person you share with does not have access to your server.
+What actually happens when someone visits this URL will depend on whether your server is running and other factors.
+
+**But what is our actual goal?**
+
+A typical situation is that you have some shared or common filesystem,
+such that the same path corresponds to the same document
+(either the exact same document or another copy of it).
+Typically, what folks want when they do sharing like this
+is for each visitor to open the same file _on their own server_,
+so Breq would open `/user/breq/notebooks/foo.ipynb` and
+Seivarden would open `/user/seivarden/notebooks/foo.ipynb`, etc.
+
+JupyterHub has a special URL that does exactly this!
+It's called `/hub/user-redirect/...`.
+So if you replace `/user/yourname` in your URL bar
+with `/hub/user-redirect` any visitor should get the same
+URL on their own server, rather than visiting yours.
+
+In JupyterLab 2.0, this should also be the result of the "Copy Shareable Link"
+action in the file browser.

docs/source/getting-started/index.rst

@@ -0,0 +1,19 @@
+Get Started
+===========
+
+This section covers how to configure and customize JupyterHub for your
+needs. It contains information about authentication, networking, security, and
+other topics that are relevant to individuals or organizations deploying their
+own JupyterHub.
+
+.. toctree::
+   :maxdepth: 2
+
+   config-basics
+   networking-basics
+   security-basics
+   authenticators-users-basics
+   spawners-basics
+   services-basics
+   faq
+   institutional-faq

docs/source/getting-started/institutional-faq.md

@@ -66,12 +66,12 @@ Here is a sample of organizations that use JupyterHub:
 - **Universities and colleges**: UC Berkeley, UC San Diego, Cal Poly SLO, Harvard University, University of Chicago,
   University of Oslo, University of Sheffield, Université Paris Sud, University of Versailles
 - **Research laboratories**: NASA, NCAR, NOAA, the Large Synoptic Survey Telescope, Brookhaven National Lab,
-  Minnesota Supercomputing Institute, ALCF, CERN, Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, HUNT
+  Minnesota Supercomputing Institute, ALCF, CERN, Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory
 - **Online communities**: Pangeo, Quantopian, mybinder.org, MathHub, Open Humans
 - **Computing infrastructure providers**: NERSC, San Diego Supercomputing Center, Compute Canada
 - **Companies**: Capital One, SANDVIK code, Globus
 
-See the [Gallery of JupyterHub deployments](gallery-of-deployments) for
+See the [Gallery of JupyterHub deployments](../gallery-jhub-deployments.md) for
 a more complete list of JupyterHub deployments at institutions.
 
 ### How does JupyterHub compare with hosted products, like Google Colaboratory, RStudio.cloud, or Anaconda Enterprise?
@@ -124,15 +124,15 @@ as more resources are needed - allowing you to utilize the benefits of a flexibl
 
 ### Is JupyterHub secure?
 
-The short answer: yes.
+The short answer: yes.  
 JupyterHub as a standalone application has been battle-tested at an institutional
 level for several years, and makes a number of "default" security decisions that are reasonable for most
 users.
 
 - For security considerations in the base JupyterHub application,
-  [see the JupyterHub security page](web-security).
+  [see the JupyterHub security page](https://jupyterhub.readthedocs.io/en/stable/reference/websecurity.html).
 - For security considerations when deploying JupyterHub on Kubernetes, see the
-  [JupyterHub on Kubernetes security page](https://z2jh.jupyter.org/en/latest/security.html).
+  [JupyterHub on Kubernetes security page](https://zero-to-jupyterhub.readthedocs.io/en/latest/security.html).
 
 The longer answer: it depends on your deployment. Because JupyterHub is very flexible, it can be used
 in a variety of deployment setups. This often entails connecting your JupyterHub to **other** infrastructure

docs/source/getting-started/security-basics.rst

@@ -0,0 +1,254 @@
+Security settings
+=================
+
+.. important::
+
+   You should not run JupyterHub without SSL encryption on a public network.
+
+Security is the most important aspect of configuring Jupyter.
+Three (3) configuration settings are the main aspects of security configuration:
+
+1. :ref:`SSL encryption <ssl-encryption>` (to enable HTTPS)
+2. :ref:`Cookie secret <cookie-secret>` (a key for encrypting browser cookies)
+3. Proxy :ref:`authentication token <authentication-token>` (used for the Hub and
+   other services to authenticate to the Proxy)
+
+The Hub hashes all secrets (e.g. auth tokens) before storing them in its
+database. A loss of control over read-access to the database should have
+minimal impact on your deployment. If your database has been compromised, it
+is still a good idea to revoke existing tokens.
+
+.. _ssl-encryption:
+
+Enabling SSL encryption
+-----------------------
+
+Since JupyterHub includes authentication and allows arbitrary code execution,
+you should not run it without SSL (HTTPS).
+
+Using an SSL certificate
+~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~
+
+This will require you to obtain an official, trusted SSL certificate or create a
+self-signed certificate. Once you have obtained and installed a key and
+certificate, you need to specify their locations in the ``jupyterhub_config.py``
+configuration file as follows:
+
+.. code-block:: python
+
+    c.JupyterHub.ssl_key = '/path/to/my.key'
+    c.JupyterHub.ssl_cert = '/path/to/my.cert'
+
+
+Some cert files also contain the key, in which case only the cert is needed. It
+is important that these files be put in a secure location on your server, where
+they are not readable by regular users.
+
+If you are using a **chain certificate**, see also chained certificate for SSL
+in the JupyterHub `Troubleshooting FAQ <../troubleshooting.html>`_.
+
+Using letsencrypt
+~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~
+
+It is also possible to use `letsencrypt <https://letsencrypt.org/>`_ to obtain
+a free, trusted SSL certificate. If you run letsencrypt using the default
+options, the needed configuration is (replace ``mydomain.tld`` by your fully
+qualified domain name):
+
+.. code-block:: python
+
+    c.JupyterHub.ssl_key = '/etc/letsencrypt/live/{mydomain.tld}/privkey.pem'
+    c.JupyterHub.ssl_cert = '/etc/letsencrypt/live/{mydomain.tld}/fullchain.pem'
+
+If the fully qualified domain name (FQDN) is ``example.com``, the following
+would be the needed configuration:
+
+.. code-block:: python
+
+    c.JupyterHub.ssl_key = '/etc/letsencrypt/live/example.com/privkey.pem'
+    c.JupyterHub.ssl_cert = '/etc/letsencrypt/live/example.com/fullchain.pem'
+
+
+If SSL termination happens outside of the Hub
+~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~
+
+In certain cases, for example, if the hub is running behind a reverse proxy, and
+`SSL termination is being provided by NGINX <https://www.nginx.com/resources/admin-guide/nginx-ssl-termination/>`_,
+it is reasonable to run the hub without SSL.
+
+To achieve this, remove ``c.JupyterHub.ssl_key`` and ``c.JupyterHub.ssl_cert``
+from your configuration (setting them to ``None`` or an empty string does not
+have the same effect, and will result in an error).
+
+.. _authentication-token:
+
+Proxy authentication token
+--------------------------
+
+The Hub authenticates its requests to the Proxy using a secret token that
+the Hub and Proxy agree upon. Note that this applies to the default
+``ConfigurableHTTPProxy`` implementation. Not all proxy implementations
+use an auth token.
+
+The value of this token should be a random string (for example, generated by
+``openssl rand -hex 32``). You can store it in the configuration file or an
+environment variable.
+
+Generating and storing token in the configuration file
+~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~
+
+You can set the value in the configuration file, ``jupyterhub_config.py``:
+
+.. code-block:: python
+
+    c.ConfigurableHTTPProxy.api_token = 'abc123...' # any random string
+
+Generating and storing as an environment variable
+~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~
+
+You can pass this value of the proxy authentication token to the Hub and Proxy
+using the ``CONFIGPROXY_AUTH_TOKEN`` environment variable:
+
+.. code-block:: bash
+
+    export CONFIGPROXY_AUTH_TOKEN=$(openssl rand -hex 32)
+
+This environment variable needs to be visible to the Hub and Proxy.
+
+Default if token is not set
+~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~
+
+If you do not set the Proxy authentication token, the Hub will generate a random
+key itself. This means that any time you restart the Hub, you **must also
+restart the Proxy**. If the proxy is a subprocess of the Hub, this should happen
+automatically (this is the default configuration).
+
+.. _cookie-secret:
+
+Cookie secret
+-------------
+
+The cookie secret is an encryption key, used to encrypt the browser cookies,
+which are used for authentication. Three common methods are described for
+generating and configuring the cookie secret.
+
+Generating and storing as a cookie secret file
+~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~
+
+The cookie secret should be 32 random bytes, encoded as hex, and is typically
+stored in a ``jupyterhub_cookie_secret`` file. Below, is an example command to generate the
+``jupyterhub_cookie_secret`` file:
+
+.. code-block:: bash
+
+    openssl rand -hex 32 > /srv/jupyterhub/jupyterhub_cookie_secret
+
+In most deployments of JupyterHub, you should point this to a secure location on
+the file system, such as ``/srv/jupyterhub/jupyterhub_cookie_secret``.
+
+The location of the ``jupyterhub_cookie_secret`` file can be specified in the
+``jupyterhub_config.py`` file as follows:
+
+.. code-block:: python
+
+    c.JupyterHub.cookie_secret_file = '/srv/jupyterhub/jupyterhub_cookie_secret'
+
+If the cookie secret file doesn't exist when the Hub starts, a new cookie
+secret is generated and stored in the file. The file must not be readable by
+``group`` or ``other``, otherwise the server won't start. The recommended permissions
+for the cookie secret file are ``600`` (owner-only rw).
+
+Generating and storing as an environment variable
+~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~
+
+If you would like to avoid the need for files, the value can be loaded in the
+Hub process from the ``JPY_COOKIE_SECRET`` environment variable, which is a
+hex-encoded string. You can set it this way:
+
+.. code-block:: bash
+
+    export JPY_COOKIE_SECRET=$(openssl rand -hex 32)
+
+For security reasons, this environment variable should only be visible to the
+Hub. If you set it dynamically as above, all users will be logged out each time
+the Hub starts.
+
+Generating and storing as a binary string
+~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~
+
+You can also set the cookie secret, as a binary string,
+in the configuration file (``jupyterhub_config.py``) itself:
+
+.. code-block:: python
+
+    c.JupyterHub.cookie_secret = bytes.fromhex('64 CHAR HEX STRING')
+
+.. _cookies:
+
+Cookies used by JupyterHub authentication
+-----------------------------------------
+
+The following cookies are used by the Hub for handling user authentication.
+
+This section was created based on this post_ from Discourse.
+
+.. _post: https://discourse.jupyter.org/t/how-to-force-re-login-for-users/1998/6
+
+jupyterhub-hub-login
+~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~
+
+This is the login token used when visiting Hub-served pages that are
+protected by authentication, such as the main home, the spawn form, etc.
+If this cookie is set, then the user is logged in.
+
+Resetting the Hub cookie secret effectively revokes this cookie.
+
+This cookie is restricted to the path ``/hub/``.
+
+jupyterhub-user-<username>
+~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~
+
+This is the cookie used for authenticating with a single-user server.
+It is set by the single-user server, after OAuth with the Hub.
+
+Effectively the same as ``jupyterhub-hub-login``, but for the
+single-user server instead of the Hub. It contains an OAuth access token,
+which is checked with the Hub to authenticate the browser.
+
+Each OAuth access token is associated with a session id (see ``jupyterhub-session-id`` section
+below).
+
+To avoid hitting the Hub on every request, the authentication response is cached.
+The cache key is comprised of both the token and session id, to avoid a stale cache.
+
+Resetting the Hub cookie secret effectively revokes this cookie.
+
+This cookie is restricted to the path ``/user/<username>``,
+to ensure that only the user’s server receives it.
+
+jupyterhub-session-id
+~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~
+
+This is a random string, meaningless in itself, and the only cookie
+shared by the Hub and single-user servers.
+
+Its sole purpose is to coordinate the logout of the multiple OAuth cookies.
+
+This cookie is set to ``/`` so all endpoints can receive it, clear it, etc.
+
+jupyterhub-user-<username>-oauth-state
+~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~
+
+A short-lived cookie, used solely to store and validate OAuth state.
+It is only set while OAuth between the single-user server and the Hub
+is processing.
+
+If you use your browser development tools, you should see this cookie
+for a very brief moment before you are logged in,
+with an expiration date shorter than ``jupyterhub-hub-login`` or
+``jupyterhub-user-<username>``.
+
+This cookie should not exist after you have successfully logged in.
+
+This cookie is restricted to the path ``/user/<username>``, so that only
+the user’s server receives it.

docs/source/getting-started/services-basics.md

@@ -14,7 +14,7 @@ document will:
 
 - explain some basic information about API tokens
 - clarify that API tokens can be used to authenticate to
-  single-user servers as of [version 0.8.0](changelog)
+  single-user servers as of [version 0.8.0](../changelog)
 - show how the [jupyterhub_idle_culler][] script can be:
   - used in a Hub-managed service
   - run as a standalone script
@@ -29,19 +29,19 @@ Hub via the REST API.
 To run such an external service, an API token must be created and
 provided to the service.
 
-As of [version 0.6.0](changelog), the preferred way of doing
+As of [version 0.6.0](../changelog), the preferred way of doing
 this is to first generate an API token:
 
 ```bash
 openssl rand -hex 32
 ```
 
-In [version 0.8.0](changelog), a TOKEN request page for
+In [version 0.8.0](../changelog), a TOKEN request page for
 generating an API token is available from the JupyterHub user interface:
 
-![Request API TOKEN page](/images/token-page.png)
+![Request API TOKEN page](../images/token-request.png)
 
-![API TOKEN success page](/images/token-request-success.png)
+![API TOKEN success page](../images/token-request-success.png)
 
 ### Step 2: Pass environment variable with token to the Hub
 

docs/source/getting-started/spawners-basics.md

@@ -1,5 +1,3 @@
-(spawners)=
-
 # Spawners and single-user notebook servers
 
 A Spawner starts each single-user notebook server. Since the single-user server is an instance of `jupyter notebook`, an entire separate

docs/source/howto/index.md

@@ -1,34 +0,0 @@
-# How-to
-
-The _How-to_ guides provide practical step-by-step details to help you achieve a particular goal. They are useful when you are trying to get something done but require you to understand and adapt the steps to your specific usecase.
-
-Use the following guides when:
-
-```{toctree}
-:maxdepth: 1
-
-api-only
-proxy
-rest
-separate-proxy
-templates
-upgrading
-log-messages
-
-```
-
-(config-examples)=
-
-## Configuration
-
-The following guides provide examples, including configuration files and tips, for the
-following:
-
-```{toctree}
-:maxdepth: 1
-
-configuration/config-user-env
-configuration/config-ghoauth
-configuration/config-proxy
-configuration/config-sudo
-```

docs/source/howto/upgrading.md

@@ -1,141 +0,0 @@
-(upgrading-jupyterhub)=
-
-# Upgrading JupyterHub
-
-JupyterHub offers easy upgrade pathways between minor versions. This
-document describes how to do these upgrades.
-
-If you are using {ref}`a JupyterHub distribution <index/distributions>`, you
-should consult the distribution's documentation on how to upgrade. This documentation is
-for those who have set up their JupyterHub without using a distribution.
-
-This documentation is lengthy because it is quite detailed. Most likely, upgrading
-JupyterHub is painless, quick and with minimal user interruption.
-
-The steps are discussed in detail, so if you get stuck at any step you can always refer to this guide.
-
-## Read the Changelog
-
-The [changelog](changelog) contains information on what has
-changed with the new JupyterHub release and any deprecation warnings.
-Read these notes to familiarize yourself with the coming changes. There
-might be new releases of the authenticators & spawners you use, so
-read the changelogs for those too!
-
-## Notify your users
-
-If you use the default configuration where `configurable-http-proxy`
-is managed by JupyterHub, your users will see service disruption during
-the upgrade process. You should notify them, and pick a time to do the
-upgrade where they will be least disrupted.
-
-If you use a different proxy or run `configurable-http-proxy`
-independent of JupyterHub, your users will be able to continue using notebook
-servers they had already launched, but will not be able to launch new servers or sign in.
-
-## Backup database & config
-
-Before doing an upgrade, it is critical to back up:
-
-1. Your JupyterHub database (SQLite by default, or MySQL / Postgres if you used those).
-   If you use SQLite (the default), you should backup the `jupyterhub.sqlite` file.
-2. Your `jupyterhub_config.py` file.
-3. Your users' home directories. This is unlikely to be affected directly by
-   a JupyterHub upgrade, but we recommend a backup since user data is critical.
-
-## Shut down JupyterHub
-
-Shut down the JupyterHub process. This would vary depending on how you
-have set up JupyterHub to run. It is most likely using a process
-supervisor of some sort (`systemd` or `supervisord` or even `docker`).
-Use the supervisor-specific command to stop the JupyterHub process.
-
-## Upgrade JupyterHub packages
-
-There are two environments where the `jupyterhub` package is installed:
-
-1. The _hub environment_: where the JupyterHub server process
-   runs. This is started with the `jupyterhub` command, and is what
-   people generally think of as JupyterHub.
-2. The _notebook user environments_: where the user notebook
-   servers are launched from, and is probably custom to your own
-   installation. This could be just one environment (different from the
-   hub environment) that is shared by all users, one environment
-   per user, or the same environment as the hub environment. The hub
-   launched the `jupyterhub-singleuser` command in this environment,
-   which in turn starts the notebook server.
-
-You need to make sure the version of the `jupyterhub` package matches
-in both these environments. If you installed `jupyterhub` with pip,
-you can upgrade it with:
-
-```bash
-python3 -m pip install --upgrade jupyterhub==<version>
-```
-
-Where `<version>` is the version of JupyterHub you are upgrading to.
-
-If you used `conda` to install `jupyterhub`, you should upgrade it
-with:
-
-```bash
-conda install -c conda-forge jupyterhub==<version>
-```
-
-You should also check for new releases of the authenticator & spawner you
-are using. You might wish to upgrade those packages, too, along with JupyterHub
-or upgrade them separately.
-
-## Upgrade JupyterHub database
-
-Once new packages are installed, you need to upgrade the JupyterHub
-database. From the hub environment, in the same directory as your
-`jupyterhub_config.py` file, you should run:
-
-```bash
-jupyterhub upgrade-db
-```
-
-This should find the location of your database, and run the necessary upgrades
-for it.
-
-### SQLite database disadvantages
-
-SQLite has some disadvantages when it comes to upgrading JupyterHub. These
-are:
-
-- `upgrade-db` may not work, and you may need to delete your database
-  and start with a fresh one.
-- `downgrade-db` **will not** work if you want to rollback to an
-  earlier version, so backup the `jupyterhub.sqlite` file before
-  upgrading.
-
-### What happens if I delete my database?
-
-Losing the Hub database is often not a big deal. Information that
-resides only in the Hub database includes:
-
-- active login tokens (user cookies, service tokens)
-- users added via JupyterHub UI, instead of config files
-- info about running servers
-
-If the following conditions are true, you should be fine clearing the
-Hub database and starting over:
-
-- users specified in the config file, or login using an external
-  authentication provider (Google, GitHub, LDAP, etc)
-- user servers are stopped during the upgrade
-- don't mind causing users to log in again after the upgrade
-
-## Start JupyterHub
-
-Once the database upgrade is completed, start the `jupyterhub`
-process again.
-
-1. Log in and start the server to make sure things work as
-   expected.
-2. Check the logs for any errors or deprecation warnings. You
-   might have to update your `jupyterhub_config.py` file to
-   deal with any deprecated options.
-
-Congratulations, your JupyterHub has been upgraded!

docs/source/index-about.rst

@@ -0,0 +1,15 @@
+=====
+About
+=====
+
+JupyterHub is an open source project and community. It is a part of the
+`Jupyter Project <https://jupyter.org>`_. JupyterHub is an open and inclusive
+community, and invites contributions from anyone. This section covers information
+about our community, as well as ways that you can connect and get involved.
+
+.. toctree::
+   :maxdepth: 1
+
+   contributor-list
+   changelog
+   gallery-jhub-deployments

docs/source/index-admin.rst

@@ -0,0 +1,15 @@
+=====================
+Administrator's Guide
+=====================
+
+This guide covers best-practices, tips, common questions and operations, as
+well as other information relevant to running your own JupyterHub over time.
+
+.. toctree::
+   :maxdepth: 2
+
+   troubleshooting
+   admin/capacity-planning
+   admin/upgrading
+   admin/log-messages
+   changelog

docs/source/index.md

@@ -1,137 +0,0 @@
-# JupyterHub
-
-[JupyterHub] is the best way to serve [Jupyter notebook] for multiple users.
-Because JupyterHub manages a separate Jupyter environment for each user,
-it can be used in a class of students, a corporate data science group, or a scientific
-research group. It is a multi-user **Hub** that spawns, manages, and proxies multiple
-instances of the single-user [Jupyter notebook] server.
-
-(index/distributions)=
-
-## Distributions
-
-JupyterHub can be used in a collaborative environment by both small (0-100 users) and
-large teams (more than 100 users) such as a class of students, corporate data science group
-or scientific research group.
-It has two main distributions which are developed to serve the needs of each of these teams respectively.
-
-1. [The Littlest JupyterHub](https://github.com/jupyterhub/the-littlest-jupyterhub) distribution is suitable if you need a small number of users (1-100) and a single server with a simple environment.
-2. [Zero to JupyterHub with Kubernetes](https://github.com/jupyterhub/zero-to-jupyterhub-k8s) allows you to deploy dynamic servers on the cloud if you need even more users.
-   This distribution runs JupyterHub on top of [Kubernetes](https://k8s.io).
-
-```{note}
-It is important to evaluate these distributions before you can continue with the
-configuration of JupyterHub.
-```
-
-## Subsystems
-
-JupyterHub is made up of four subsystems:
-
-- a **Hub** (tornado process) that is the heart of JupyterHub
-- a **configurable http proxy** (node-http-proxy) that receives the requests from the client's browser
-- multiple **single-user Jupyter notebook servers** (Python/IPython/tornado) that are monitored by Spawners
-- an **authentication class** that manages how users can access the system
-
-Additionally, optional configurations can be added through a `config.py` file and manage users
-kernels on an admin panel. A simplification of the whole system is displayed in the figure below:
-
-```{image} images/jhub-fluxogram.jpeg
-:align: center
-:alt: JupyterHub subsystems
-:width: 80%
-```
-
-JupyterHub performs the following functions:
-
-- The Hub launches a proxy
-- The proxy forwards all requests to the Hub by default
-- The Hub handles user login and spawns single-user servers on demand
-- The Hub configures the proxy to forward URL prefixes to the single-user
-  notebook servers
-
-For convenient administration of the Hub, its users, and services,
-JupyterHub also provides a {doc}`REST API <reference/rest-api>`.
-
-The JupyterHub team and Project Jupyter value our community, and JupyterHub
-follows the Jupyter [Community Guides](https://jupyter.readthedocs.io/en/latest/community/content-community.html).
-
----
-
-## Documentation structure
-
-### Tutorials
-
-This section of the documentation contains step-by-step tutorials that help outline the capabilities of JupyterHub and how you can achieve specific aims, such as installing it. The tutorials are recommended if you do not have much experience with JupyterHub.
-
-```{toctree}
-:maxdepth: 2
-
-tutorial/index.md
-```
-
-### How-to guides
-
-The _How-to_ guides provide more in-depth details than the tutorials. They are recommended for those already familiar with JupyterHub and have a specific goal. The guides help answer the question _"How do I ...?"_ based on a particular topic.
-
-```{toctree}
-:maxdepth: 2
-
-howto/index.md
-```
-
-### Explanation
-
-The _Explanation_ section provides further details that can be used to better understand JupyterHub, such as how it can be used and configured. They are intended for those seeking to expand their knowledge of JupyterHub.
-
-```{toctree}
-:maxdepth: 2
-
-explanation/index.md
-```
-
-### Reference
-
-The _Reference_ section provides technical information about JupyterHub, such as monitoring the state of your installation and working with JupyterHub's API modules and classes.
-
-```{toctree}
-:maxdepth: 2
-
-reference/index.md
-```
-
-### Frequently asked questions
-
-Find answers to the most frequently asked questions about JupyterHub such as how to troubleshoot an issue.
-
-```{toctree}
-:maxdepth: 2
-
-faq/index.md
-```
-
-### Contributing
-
-JupyterHub welcomes all contributors, whether you are new to the project or know your way around. The _Contributing_ section provides information on how you can make your contributions.
-
-```{toctree}
-:maxdepth: 2
-
-contributing/index
-```
-
----
-
-## Indices and tables
-
-- {ref}`genindex`
-- {ref}`modindex`
-
-## Questions? Suggestions?
-
-All questions and suggestions are welcome. Please feel free to use our [Jupyter Discourse Forum](https://discourse.jupyter.org/) to contact our team.
-
-Looking forward to hearing from you!
-
-[jupyter notebook]: https://jupyter-notebook.readthedocs.io/en/latest/
-[jupyterhub]: https://github.com/jupyterhub/jupyterhub

docs/source/index.rst

@@ -0,0 +1,161 @@
+==========
+JupyterHub
+==========
+`JupyterHub`_ is the best way to serve `Jupyter notebook`_ for multiple users. 
+Because JupyterHub manages a separate Jupyter environment for each user,
+it can be used in a class of students, a corporate data science group, or a scientific
+research group. It is a multi-user **Hub** that spawns, manages, and proxies multiple
+instances of the single-user `Jupyter notebook`_ server.
+
+JupyterHub offers distributions for different use cases. As of now, you can find two main cases:
+
+1. `The Littlest JupyterHub <https://github.com/jupyterhub/the-littlest-jupyterhub>`__ distribution is suitable if you need a small number of users (1-100) and a single server with a simple environment.
+2. `Zero to JupyterHub with Kubernetes <https://github.com/jupyterhub/zero-to-jupyterhub-k8s>`__ allows you to deploy dynamic servers on the cloud if you need even more users.
+
+
+JupyterHub can be used in a collaborative environment by both both small (0-100 users) and 
+large teams (more than 100 users) such as a class of students, corporate data science group 
+or scientific research group. It has distributions which are developed to serve the needs of 
+each of these teams respectively. 
+
+JupyterHub is made up of four subsystems:
+
+* a **Hub** (tornado process) that is the heart of JupyterHub
+* a **configurable http proxy** (node-http-proxy) that receives the requests from the client's browser
+* multiple **single-user Jupyter notebook servers** (Python/IPython/tornado) that are monitored by Spawners
+* an **authentication class** that manages how users can access the system
+
+Additionally, optional configurations can be added through a `config.py` file and manage users 
+kernels on an admin panel. A simplification of the whole system is displayed in the figure below:
+
+.. image:: images/jhub-fluxogram.jpeg
+   :alt: JupyterHub subsystems
+   :width: 80%
+   :align: center
+
+
+JupyterHub performs the following functions:
+
+- The Hub launches a proxy
+- The proxy forwards all requests to the Hub by default
+- The Hub handles user login and spawns single-user servers on demand
+- The Hub configures the proxy to forward URL prefixes to the single-user
+  notebook servers
+
+For convenient administration of the Hub, its users, and services,
+JupyterHub also provides a :doc:`REST API <reference/rest-api>`.
+
+The JupyterHub team and Project Jupyter value our community, and JupyterHub
+follows the Jupyter `Community Guides <https://jupyter.readthedocs.io/en/latest/community/content-community.html>`_.
+
+Contents
+========
+
+.. _index/distributions:
+
+Distributions
+-------------
+
+A JupyterHub **distribution** is tailored 
+towards a particular set of use cases. These are generally easier 
+to set up than setting up JupyterHub from scratch, assuming they fit your use case.
+
+Today, you can find two main use cases:
+
+1. If you need a simple case for a small amount of users (0-100) and single server
+   take a look at
+   `The Littlest JupyterHub <https://github.com/jupyterhub/the-littlest-jupyterhub>`__ distribution.
+2. If you need to allow for a larger number of machines and users, 
+   a dynamic amount of servers can be used on a cloud,
+   take a look at the `Zero to JupyterHub with Kubernetes <https://github.com/jupyterhub/zero-to-jupyterhub-k8s>`__ distribution.
+   This distribution runs JupyterHub on top of  `Kubernetes <https://k8s.io>`_.
+
+*It is important to evaluate these distributions before you can continue with the 
+configuration of JupyterHub*.
+
+Installation Guide
+------------------
+
+.. toctree::
+   :maxdepth: 2
+
+   installation-guide
+
+Getting Started
+---------------
+
+.. toctree::
+   :maxdepth: 2
+
+   getting-started/index
+
+Technical Reference
+-------------------
+
+.. toctree::
+   :maxdepth: 2
+
+   reference/index
+
+Administrators guide
+--------------------
+
+.. toctree::
+   :maxdepth: 2
+
+   index-admin
+
+API Reference
+-------------
+
+.. toctree::
+   :maxdepth: 2
+
+   api/index
+
+RBAC Reference
+--------------
+
+.. toctree::
+   :maxdepth: 2
+
+   rbac/index
+
+Contributing
+------------
+
+We welcome you to contribute to JupyterHub in ways that are most exciting
+& useful to you. We value documentation, testing, bug reporting & code equally
+and are glad to have your contributions in whatever form you wish :)
+
+Our `Code of Conduct <https://github.com/jupyter/governance/blob/HEAD/conduct/code_of_conduct.md>`_ and `reporting guidelines <https://github.com/jupyter/governance/blob/HEAD/conduct/reporting_online.md>`_
+help keep our community welcoming to as many people as possible.
+
+.. toctree::
+   :maxdepth: 2
+
+   contributing/index
+
+About JupyterHub
+----------------
+
+.. toctree::
+   :maxdepth: 2
+
+   index-about
+
+Indices and tables
+==================
+
+* :ref:`genindex`
+* :ref:`modindex`
+
+
+Questions? Suggestions?
+=======================
+All questions and suggestions are welcome. Please feel free to use our `Jupyter Discourse Forum <https://discourse.jupyter.org/>`_ to contact our team.
+
+Looking forward to hearing from you!
+
+.. _JupyterHub: https://github.com/jupyterhub/jupyterhub
+.. _Jupyter notebook: https://jupyter-notebook.readthedocs.io/en/latest/

docs/source/installation-basics.md

@@ -6,7 +6,7 @@ JupyterHub is supported on Linux/Unix based systems. To use JupyterHub, you need
 a Unix server (typically Linux) running somewhere that is accessible to your
 team on the network. The JupyterHub server can be on an internal network at your
 organization, or it can run on the public internet (in which case, take care
-with the Hub's [security](security-basics)).
+with the Hub's [security](./getting-started/security-basics)).
 
 JupyterHub officially **does not** support Windows. You may be able to use
 JupyterHub on Windows if you use a Spawner and Authenticator that work on
@@ -16,7 +16,7 @@ minor Windows compatibility issues (such as basic installation) **may** be accep
 however. For Windows-based systems, we would recommend running JupyterHub in a
 docker container or Linux VM.
 
-[Additional Reference:](https://www.tornadoweb.org/en/stable/#installation)
+[Additional Reference:](http://www.tornadoweb.org/en/stable/#installation)
 Tornado's documentation on Windows platform support
 
 ## Planning your installation
@@ -28,7 +28,7 @@ Prior to beginning installation, it's helpful to consider some of the following:
 - Spawner of singleuser notebook servers (Docker, Batch, etc.)
 - Services (nbgrader, etc.)
 - JupyterHub database (default SQLite; traditional RDBMS such as PostgreSQL,)
-  MySQL, or other databases supported by [SQLAlchemy](https://www.sqlalchemy.org))
+  MySQL, or other databases supported by [SQLAlchemy](http://www.sqlalchemy.org))
 
 ## Folders and File Locations
 

docs/source/installation-guide-hard.md

@@ -1,7 +0,0 @@
----
-orphan: true
----
-
-# JupyterHub the hard way
-
-This guide has moved to <https://github.com/jupyterhub/jupyterhub-the-hard-way/blob/HEAD/docs/installation-guide-hard.md>

docs/source/installation-guide-hard.rst

@@ -0,0 +1,6 @@
+:orphan:
+
+JupyterHub the hard way
+=======================
+
+This guide has moved to https://github.com/jupyterhub/jupyterhub-the-hard-way/blob/HEAD/docs/installation-guide-hard.md

docs/source/installation-guide.rst

@@ -0,0 +1,13 @@
+Installation
+============
+
+These sections cover how to get up-and-running with JupyterHub. They cover
+some basics of the tools needed to deploy JupyterHub as well as how to get it
+running on your own infrastructure.
+
+.. toctree::
+   :maxdepth: 3
+
+   quickstart
+   quickstart-docker
+   installation-basics

docs/source/quickstart-docker.rst

@@ -0,0 +1,69 @@
+Install JupyterHub with Docker
+==============================
+
+
+The JupyterHub `docker image <https://hub.docker.com/r/jupyterhub/jupyterhub/>`_ is the fastest way to set up Jupyterhub in your local development environment.
+
+.. note::
+    This ``jupyterhub/jupyterhub`` docker image is only an image for running
+    the Hub service itself. It does not provide the other Jupyter components,
+    such as Notebook installation, which are needed by the single-user servers.
+    To run the single-user servers, which may be on the same system as the Hub or
+    not, `JupyterLab <https://jupyterlab.readthedocs.io/>`_ or Jupyter Notebook must be installed.
+
+
+.. important::
+    We strongly recommend that you follow the `Zero to JupyterHub`_ tutorial to
+    install JupyterHub.
+   
+   
+Prerequisites
+-------------
+You should have `Docker`_ installed on a Linux/Unix based system.
+
+
+Run the Docker Image
+--------------------
+
+To pull the latest JupyterHub image and start the `jupyterhub` container, run this command in your terminal.
+::
+   
+    docker run -d -p 8000:8000 --name jupyterhub jupyterhub/jupyterhub jupyterhub
+
+
+This command exposes the Jupyter container on port:8000. Navigate to `http://localhost:8000` in a web browser to access the JupyterHub console.
+
+You can stop and resume the container by running `docker stop` and `docker start` respectively.
+::
+
+    # find the container id
+    docker ps
+
+    # stop the running container
+    docker stop  <container-id>
+
+    # resume the paused container
+    docker start <container-id>
+
+
+If you want to run docker on a computer that has a public IP then you should
+(as in MUST) **secure it with ssl** by adding ssl options to your docker
+configuration or using an ssl enabled proxy.
+
+`Mounting volumes <https://docs.docker.com/engine/admin/volumes/volumes/>`_ 
+enables you to persist and store the data generated by the docker container, even when you stop the container. 
+The persistent data can be stored on the host system, outside the container.
+
+
+Create System Users
+-------------------
+
+Spawn a root shell in your docker container by running this command in the terminal.::
+
+    docker exec -it jupyterhub bash
+
+The created accounts will be used for authentication in JupyterHub's default
+configuration.
+
+.. _Zero to JupyterHub: https://zero-to-jupyterhub.readthedocs.io/en/latest/
+.. _Docker: https://www.docker.com/

docs/source/quickstart.md

@@ -7,7 +7,7 @@ Before installing JupyterHub, you will need:
 - a Linux/Unix-based system
 - [Python](https://www.python.org/downloads/) 3.6 or greater. An understanding
   of using [`pip`](https://pip.pypa.io) or
-  [`conda`](https://docs.conda.io/projects/conda/en/latest/user-guide/getting-started.html) for
+  [`conda`](https://conda.io/docs/get-started.html) for
   installing Python packages is helpful.
 - [nodejs/npm](https://www.npmjs.com/). [Install nodejs/npm](https://docs.npmjs.com/getting-started/installing-node),
   using your operating system's package manager.
@@ -27,7 +27,7 @@ Before installing JupyterHub, you will need:
     if your system package manager only has an old version of Node.js (e.g. 10 or older).
 
 - A [pluggable authentication module (PAM)](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pluggable_authentication_module)
-  to use the [default Authenticator](authenticators).
+  to use the [default Authenticator](./getting-started/authenticators-users-basics.md).
   PAM is often available by default on most distributions, if this is not the case it can be installed by
   using the operating system's package manager.
 - TLS certificate and key for HTTPS communication

docs/source/rbac/index.md

@@ -1,9 +1,4 @@
-<!---
-RBAC docs are part of the Explanation section of the JupyterHub documentation.
-As a result, this index file is referenced in the toctree within the explanation/index.md file.
---->
-
-(rbac)=
+(RBAC)=
 
 # JupyterHub RBAC
 

docs/source/rbac/scopes.md

@@ -1,10 +1,8 @@
-(jupyterhub-scopes)=
-
 # Scopes in JupyterHub
 
 A scope has a syntax-based design that reveals which resources it provides access to. Resources are objects with a type, associated data, relationships to other resources, and a set of methods that operate on them (see [RESTful API](https://restful-api-design.readthedocs.io/en/latest/resources.html) documentation for more information).
 
-`<resource>` in the RBAC scope design refers to the resource name in the [JupyterHub's API](jupyterhub-rest-API) endpoints in most cases. For instance, `<resource>` equal to `users` corresponds to JupyterHub's API endpoints beginning with _/users_.
+`<resource>` in the RBAC scope design refers to the resource name in the [JupyterHub's API](../reference/rest-api.rst) endpoints in most cases. For instance, `<resource>` equal to `users` corresponds to JupyterHub's API endpoints beginning with _/users_.
 
 (scope-conventions-target)=
 
@@ -300,6 +298,6 @@ Custom scope _filters_ are NOT supported.
 
 ### Scopes and APIs
 
-The scopes are also listed in the [](jupyterhub-rest-API) documentation. Each API endpoint has a list of scopes which can be used to access the API; if no scopes are listed, the API is not authenticated and can be accessed without any permissions (i.e., no scopes).
+The scopes are also listed in the [](../reference/rest-api.rst) documentation. Each API endpoint has a list of scopes which can be used to access the API; if no scopes are listed, the API is not authenticated and can be accessed without any permissions (i.e., no scopes).
 
 Listed scopes by each API endpoint reflect the "lowest" permissions required to gain any access to the corresponding API. For example, posting user's activity (_POST /users/:name/activity_) needs `users:activity` scope. If scope `users` is passed during the request, the access will be granted as the required scope is a subscope of the `users` scope. If, on the other hand, `read:users:activity` scope is passed, the access will be denied.

docs/source/rbac/tech-implementation.md

@@ -65,7 +65,7 @@ If the token's scopes are a subset of the token owner's scopes, the token is iss
 
 {ref}`Figure 1 <token-request-chart>` below illustrates the steps involved. The orange rectangles highlight where in the process the roles and scopes are resolved.
 
-```{figure} /images/rbac-token-request-chart.png
+```{figure} ../images/rbac-token-request-chart.png
 :align: center
 :name: token-request-chart
 
@@ -91,7 +91,7 @@ The passed scopes are compared to the scopes required to access the API as follo
 
 {ref}`Figure 2 <api-request-chart>` illustrates this process highlighting the steps where the role and scope resolutions as well as filtering occur in orange.
 
-```{figure} /images/rbac-api-request-chart.png
+```{figure} ../images/rbac-api-request-chart.png
 :align: center
 :name: api-request-chart
 

docs/source/rbac/upgrade.md

@@ -11,7 +11,7 @@ No other database records are affected.
 ## Upgrade steps
 
 1. All running **servers must be stopped** before proceeding with the upgrade.
-2. To upgrade the Hub, follow the [Upgrading JupyterHub](upgrading-jupyterhub) instructions.
+2. To upgrade the Hub, follow the [Upgrading JupyterHub](../admin/upgrading.rst) instructions.
    ```{attention}
    We advise against defining any new roles in the `jupyterhub.config.py` file right after the upgrade is completed and JupyterHub restarted for the first time. This preserves the 'current' state of the Hub. You can define and assign new roles on any other following startup.
    ```
@@ -45,7 +45,7 @@ OAuth token is issued by the Hub to a single-user server when the user logs in.
 
 API token is issued by the Hub to a single-user server when launched and is used to communicate with the Hub's APIs such as posting activity or completing the OAuth flow. This token has no expiry by default.
 
-API tokens can also be issued to users via API ([_/hub/token_](jupyterhub-url) or [_POST /users/:username/tokens_](jupyterhub-rest-API)) and services via `jupyterhub_config.py` to perform API requests.
+API tokens can also be issued to users via API ([_/hub/token_](../reference/urls.md) or [_POST /users/:username/tokens_](../reference/rest-api.rst)) and services via `jupyterhub_config.py` to perform API requests.
 
 ### With RBAC
 

docs/source/rbac/use-cases.md

@@ -3,13 +3,13 @@
 To determine which scopes a role should have, one can follow these steps:
 
 1. Determine what actions the role holder should have/have not access to
-2. Match the actions against the [JupyterHub's APIs](jupyterhub-rest-API)
+2. Match the actions against the [JupyterHub's APIs](../reference/rest-api.rst)
 3. Check which scopes are required to access the APIs
 4. Combine scopes and subscopes if applicable
 5. Customize the scopes with filters if needed
 6. Define the role with required scopes and assign to users/services/groups/tokens
 
-Below, different use cases are presented on how to use the [RBAC framework](rbac)
+Below, different use cases are presented on how to use the [RBAC framework](./index.md)
 
 ## Service to cull idle servers
 

docs/source/redirects.txt

@@ -1,54 +0,0 @@
-# This file contains rediraffe redirects as generated from the docs/source/conf.py file
-# For more information, see rediraffe configuration in the conf.py file.
-
-
-"changelog.md" "reference/changelog.md"
-"contributor-list.md" "contributing/contributor-list.md"
-"gallery-jhub-deployments.md" "reference/gallery-jhub-deployments.md"
-"installation-basics.md" "tutorial/installation-basics.md"
-"quickstart.md" "tutorial/quickstart.md"
-"quickstart-docker.md" "tutorial/quickstart-docker.md"
-"troubleshooting.md" "faq/troubleshooting.md"
-
-"admin/capacity-planning.md" "explanation/capacity-planning.md"
-"admin/log-messages.md" "howto/log-messages.md"
-"admin/upgrading.md" "howto/upgrading.md"
-
-"events/index.md" "reference/event-logging.md"
-
-"getting-started/authenticators-users-basics.md" "tutorial/getting-started/authenticators-users-basics.md"
-"getting-started/config-basics.md" "tutorial/getting-started/config-basics.md"
-"getting-started/faq.md" "faq/faq.md"
-"getting-started/institutional-faq.md" "faq/institutional-faq.md"
-"getting-started/networking-basics.md" "tutorial/getting-started/networking-basics.md"
-"getting-started/services-basics.md" "tutorial/getting-started/services-basics.md"
-"getting-started/spawners-basics.md" "tutorial/getting-started/spawners-basics.md"
-
-"reference/api-only.md" "howto/api-only.md"
-"reference/config-ghoauth.md" "howto/configuration/config-ghoauth.md"
-"reference/config-proxy.md" "howto/configuration/config-proxy.md"
-"reference/database.md" "explanation/database.md"
-"reference/oauth.md" "explanation/oauth.md"
-"reference/proxy.md" "howto/proxy.md"
-"reference/templates.md" "howto/templates.md"
-"reference/config-examples.md" "howto/index.md"
-"reference/config-sudo.md" "howto/configuration/config-sudo.md"
-"reference/config-user-env.md" "howto/configuration/config-user-env.md"
-"reference/rest.md" "howto/rest.md"
-"reference/separate-proxy.md" "howto/separate-proxy.md"
-"reference/server-api.md" "tutorial/server-api.md"
-"reference/websecurity.md" "explanation/websecurity.md"
-
-"api/app.md" "reference/api/app.md"
-"api/auth.md" "reference/api/auth.md"
-"api/index.md" "reference/api/index.md"
-"api/proxy.md" "reference/api/proxy.md"
-"api/service.md" "reference/api/service.md"
-"api/services.auth.md" "reference/api/services.auth.md"
-"api/spawner.md" "reference/api/spawner.md"
-"api/user.md" "reference/api/user.md"
-
-#  -- JupyterHub 4.0 --
-# redirects above are up-to-date as of JupyterHub 4.0
-# add future redirects below
-# (e.g. with `make rediraffewritediff`)

docs/source/reference/api/app.md

@@ -1,13 +0,0 @@
-# Application configuration
-
-## Module: {mod}`jupyterhub.app`
-
-```{eval-rst}
-.. automodule:: jupyterhub.app
-```
-
-### {class}`JupyterHub`
-
-```{eval-rst}
-.. autoconfigurable:: JupyterHub
-```

docs/source/reference/api/auth.md

@@ -1,33 +0,0 @@
-# Authenticators
-
-## Module: {mod}`jupyterhub.auth`
-
-```{eval-rst}
-.. automodule:: jupyterhub.auth
-```
-
-### {class}`Authenticator`
-
-```{eval-rst}
-.. autoconfigurable:: Authenticator
-   :members:
-```
-
-### {class}`LocalAuthenticator`
-
-```{eval-rst}
-.. autoconfigurable:: LocalAuthenticator
-   :members:
-```
-
-### {class}`PAMAuthenticator`
-
-```{eval-rst}
-.. autoconfigurable:: PAMAuthenticator
-```
-
-### {class}`DummyAuthenticator`
-
-```{eval-rst}
-.. autoconfigurable:: DummyAuthenticator
-```

docs/source/reference/api/index.md

@@ -1,36 +0,0 @@
-(api-index)=
-
-# JupyterHub API Reference
-
-<!--
-    Below is a MyST field list, using MyST substitution, as supported
-    by enabling the respective MyST extensions in docs/source/conf.py.
--->
-
-:Date: {{ date }}
-:Release: {{ version }}
-
-JupyterHub also provides a REST API for administration of the Hub and users.
-The documentation on [Using JupyterHub's REST API](using-jupyterhub-rest-api) provides
-information on:
-
-- what you can do with the API
-- creating an API token
-- adding API tokens to the config files
-- making an API request programmatically using the requests library
-- learning more about JupyterHub's API
-
-```{toctree}
-:maxdepth: 1
-
-../rest-api
-app
-auth
-spawner
-proxy
-user
-service
-services.auth
-```
-
-[openapi initiative]: https://www.openapis.org/

docs/source/reference/api/proxy.md

@@ -1,21 +0,0 @@
-# Proxies
-
-## Module: {mod}`jupyterhub.proxy`
-
-```{eval-rst}
-.. automodule:: jupyterhub.proxy
-```
-
-### {class}`Proxy`
-
-```{eval-rst}
-.. autoconfigurable:: Proxy
-   :members:
-```
-
-### {class}`ConfigurableHTTPProxy`
-
-```{eval-rst}
-.. autoconfigurable:: ConfigurableHTTPProxy
-   :members: debug, auth_token, check_running_interval, api_url, command
-```

docs/source/reference/api/service.md

@@ -1,14 +0,0 @@
-# Services
-
-## Module: {mod}`jupyterhub.services.service`
-
-```{eval-rst}
-.. automodule:: jupyterhub.services.service
-```
-
-### {class}`Service`
-
-```{eval-rst}
-.. autoconfigurable:: Service
-   :members: name, admin, url, api_token, managed, kind, command, cwd, environment, user, oauth_client_id, server, prefix, proxy_spec
-```

docs/source/reference/api/services.auth.md

@@ -1,40 +0,0 @@
-# Services Authentication
-
-## Module: {mod}`jupyterhub.services.auth`
-
-```{eval-rst}
-.. automodule:: jupyterhub.services.auth
-```
-
-### {class}`HubAuth`
-
-```{eval-rst}
-.. autoconfigurable:: HubAuth
-   :members:
-```
-
-### {class}`HubOAuth`
-
-```{eval-rst}
-.. autoconfigurable:: HubOAuth
-   :members:
-```
-
-### {class}`HubAuthenticated`
-
-```{eval-rst}
-.. autoclass:: HubAuthenticated
-   :members:
-```
-
-### {class}`HubOAuthenticated`
-
-```{eval-rst}
-.. autoclass:: HubOAuthenticated
-```
-
-### {class}`HubOAuthCallbackHandler`
-
-```{eval-rst}
-.. autoclass:: HubOAuthCallbackHandler
-```

docs/source/reference/api/spawner.md

@@ -1,20 +0,0 @@
-# Spawners
-
-## Module: {mod}`jupyterhub.spawner`
-
-```{eval-rst}
-.. automodule:: jupyterhub.spawner
-```
-
-### {class}`Spawner`
-
-```{eval-rst}
-.. autoconfigurable:: Spawner
-   :members: options_from_form, poll, start, stop, get_args, get_env, get_state, template_namespace, format_string, create_certs, move_certs
-```
-
-### {class}`LocalProcessSpawner`
-
-```{eval-rst}
-.. autoconfigurable:: LocalProcessSpawner
-```

docs/source/reference/api/user.md

@@ -1,34 +0,0 @@
-# Users
-
-## Module: {mod}`jupyterhub.user`
-
-```{eval-rst}
-.. automodule:: jupyterhub.user
-```
-
-### {class}`UserDict`
-
-```{eval-rst}
-.. autoclass:: UserDict
-   :members:
-```
-
-### {class}`User`
-
-```{eval-rst}
-.. autoclass:: User
-   :members: escaped_name
-
-   .. attribute:: name
-
-      The user's name
-
-   .. attribute:: server
-
-      The user's Server data object if running, None otherwise.
-      Has ``ip``, ``port`` attributes.
-
-   .. attribute:: spawner
-
-      The user's :class:`~.Spawner` instance.
-```

docs/source/reference/authenticators.md

@@ -1,5 +1,3 @@
-(authenticators-reference)=
-
 # Authenticators
 
 The {class}`.Authenticator` is the mechanism for authorizing users to use the
@@ -273,7 +271,7 @@ c.Spawner.auth_state_hook = auth_state_hook
 :::
 
 Some identity providers may have their own concept of group membership that you would like to preserve in JupyterHub.
-This is now possible with `Authenticator.manage_groups`.
+This is now possible with `Authenticator.managed_groups`.
 
 You can set the config:
 

docs/source/reference/config-examples.md

@@ -0,0 +1,8 @@
+# Configuration examples
+
+The following sections provide examples, including configuration files and tips, for the
+following:
+
+- Configuring GitHub OAuth
+- Using reverse proxy (nginx and Apache)
+- Run JupyterHub without root privileges using `sudo`

docs/source/reference/config-reference.md

@@ -1,35 +0,0 @@
-# Configuration Reference
-
-:::{important}
-Make sure the version of JupyterHub for this documentation matches your
-installation version, as the output of this command may change between versions.
-:::
-
-## JupyterHub configuration
-
-As explained in the [Configuration Basics](generate-config-file)
-section, the `jupyterhub_config.py` can be automatically generated via
-
-> ```bash
-> jupyterhub --generate-config
-> ```
-
-Most of this information is available in a nicer format in:
-
-- [](./api/app.md)
-- [](./api/auth.md)
-- [](./api/spawner.md)
-
-The following contains the output of that command for reference.
-
-```{eval-rst}
-.. jupyterhub-generate-config::
-```
-
-## JupyterHub help command output
-
-This section contains the output of the command `jupyterhub --help-all`.
-
-```{eval-rst}
-.. jupyterhub-help-all::
-```

docs/source/reference/config-reference.rst

@@ -0,0 +1,30 @@
+==============================
+Configuration Reference
+==============================
+
+.. important::
+
+    Make sure the version of JupyterHub for this documentation matches your
+    installation version, as the output of this command may change between versions.
+
+JupyterHub configuration
+------------------------
+
+As explained in the `Configuration Basics <../getting-started/config-basics.html#generate-a-default-config-file>`_
+section, the ``jupyterhub_config.py`` can be automatically generated via
+
+    .. code-block:: bash
+
+        jupyterhub --generate-config
+
+
+The following contains the output of that command for reference.
+
+.. jupyterhub-generate-config::
+
+JupyterHub help command output
+------------------------------
+
+This section contains the output of the command ``jupyterhub --help-all``.
+
+.. jupyterhub-help-all::

docs/source/reference/config-sudo.md

@@ -6,14 +6,14 @@ Only do this if you are very sure you must.
 
 ## Overview
 
-There are many [Authenticators](authenticators) and [Spawners](spawners) available for JupyterHub. Some, such
+There are many [Authenticators](../getting-started/authenticators-users-basics) and [Spawners](../getting-started/spawners-basics) available for JupyterHub. Some, such
 as [DockerSpawner](https://github.com/jupyterhub/dockerspawner) or [OAuthenticator](https://github.com/jupyterhub/oauthenticator), do not need any elevated permissions. This
 document describes how to get the full default behavior of JupyterHub while
 running notebook servers as real system users on a shared system, without
 running the Hub itself as root.
 
 Since JupyterHub needs to spawn processes as other users, the simplest way
-is to run it as root, spawning user servers with [setuid](https://linux.die.net/man/2/setuid).
+is to run it as root, spawning user servers with [setuid](http://linux.die.net/man/2/setuid).
 But this isn't especially safe, because you have a process running on the
 public web as root.
 
@@ -114,7 +114,7 @@ sudo: a password is required
 
 ## Enable PAM for non-root
 
-By default, [PAM authentication](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pluggable_authentication_module)
+By default, [PAM authentication](http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pluggable_authentication_module)
 is used by JupyterHub. To use PAM, the process may need to be able to read
 the shadow password database.
 
@@ -159,13 +159,13 @@ sudo setcap 'cap_net_bind_service=+ep' /usr/bin/node
 ```
 
 However, you may want to further understand the consequences of this.
-([Further reading](https://man7.org/linux/man-pages/man7/capabilities.7.html))
+([Further reading](http://man7.org/linux/man-pages/man7/capabilities.7.html))
 
 You may also be interested in limiting the amount of CPU any process can use
 on your server. `cpulimit` is a useful tool that is available for many Linux
 distributions' packaging system. This can be used to keep any user's process
 from using too much CPU cycles. You can configure it accoring to [these
-instructions](https://ubuntuforums.org/showthread.php?t=992706).
+instructions](http://ubuntuforums.org/showthread.php?t=992706).
 
 ### Shadow group (FreeBSD)
 
@@ -228,7 +228,7 @@ And try logging in.
 
 ## Troubleshooting: SELinux
 
-If you still get a generic `Permission denied` `PermissionError`, it's possible SELinux is blocking you.
+If you still get a generic `Permission denied` `PermissionError`, it's possible SELinux is blocking you.  
 Here's how you can make a module to resolve this.
 First, put this in a file named `sudo_exec_selinux.te`: